Figurative language:

figures of speech
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:

1. define figure of speech
2. identify the other different types of F igures of speech
3. F amiliarize with the different reading strategies

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Figure of speech
-a figurative language in which words are used out of
their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use.

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BASIC FORMS OF
FIGURES OF
SPEECH

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OXYMORON
Our process is easy IRONY

ONOMATOPOEIA
APOSTROPHE

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 -is a figure of speech that deliberately
oxymoron uses two contradictory ideas

Examples:

a living death
sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind
a deafening silence

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 -represented by an exclamation, such as “Oh.”

-A writer or speaker using apostrophe speaks

directly to someone who is not present or is dead, or apostrophe
speaks to an inanimate object.

Examples:

“Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth

time the reality of experience and to forge in the
smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my
race.”
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ONOMATOPOEIA -is defined as a word which imitates the
natural sounds of a thing.

Examples:

The buzzing bee flew away.

The sack fell into the river with a splash.

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- words are used in such a way that their
intended meaning is different from the
actual meaning of the words., IRONY

Examples:

The student was given ‘excellent’ on getting

zero in the exam.
The CEO of a big tobacco company said he
did not smoke.
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 thanks!
Any questions?

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Reading Strategies

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✘ READING STRATEGIES have
existed since the when the New
England Primer was published
for the American Colonies
followed by Noah Webster’s
American Spelling Book in 1783.

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✘ READING STRATEGIES is the
broad term used to describe the
planned and explicit actions
that help readers translate
print to meaning.

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SKIMMING
✘ sometimes referred to as gist reading
✘ to know what the text is about at its most basic level
✘ You can reach a speed count of even 700 words per minute if
you train yourself well in this particular method.
✘ Comprehension is of course very low and understanding of
overall content very superficial.

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SCANNING
✘ is another useful tool for speeding up your reading. Unlike
skimming, when scanning, you look only for a specific fact or
piece of information without reading everything.
✘ HOW TO SCAN: : A.) Establishing your purpose
B.) Locating the appropriate material,
C.) knowing how the information is
structured before you start scanning is
essential.
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QUESTIONING
✘ Encourage readers to frame questions before and
after reading to increase their comprehension.
✘ Each student should be able to reflect on three
main questions, namely, a right now question,
an analytical question, and a research question.

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QUESTIONING
✘ A ‘RIGHT NOW QUESTION’ focuses on the material presented. What is
the essence of the material read? What are the facts that are being
mentioned?
✘ An ‘ANALYTICAL QUESTION’ requires students to ponder over what they
have learnt. What does the author want me to understand from this
material?
✘ A ‘RESEARCH QUESTION’ encourages the students to look for
information beyond what is in the text. This allows for more
comprehensive active learning to occur.

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VISUALIZATION
✘ stresses on the importance of visualizing the
material.
✘ Students should be encouraged to form visual
images in their head as they read the text, which
will help in better comprehension.

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SUMMARIZING
✘ Is to summarize the material read.
✘ Block and Pressley defined summarize as
“the ability to delete irrelevant details,
combine similar ideas, condense main ideas,
and connect major themes into concise
statements that capture the purpose of a
reading for the reader.”

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 thanks!
Any questions?

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