Syed M.

Afzal, 180401046

Assignment 05

1 Write a short note on state space representation of a control system.

We have a system of two equations in a state-space system representation: one for determining the system's
state, and another for determining the system's output.

The State Equation displays the link between the system's current state and its input, as well as the possible
state of the system. The link between the system's state, inputs, and outputs is shown by the Output Equation.
The current output of a device is governed by the current input and current state, as shown in these
calculations. The prospective state is influenced by the existing state as well as the present feedback.
• The system matrix, Matrix A, shows how the new state influences the state transition x'. ‘A’ would be the
empty matrix if the state transition is independent of the current state. The state transformation matrix, e At, is
the exponential of the state matrix and is a critical function.
• The control matrix (matrix B) specifies how the function feedback influences the state transition. B would
be the zero matrix if the state transition is not dependent on the device input.
• The output matrix, Matrix C, establishes the relationship between the system output and state.
• The feed-forward matrix, also known as Matrix D, causes system input to have a direct impact on system
output.

2 Write definitions of state and state variables.

2.1 State:
The collection of variables which used to define the behavior of the system at any time is called state.

2.2 State Variables:

A state variable is one of a number of variables used to characterize a dynamical system's mathematical
"state." The condition of a system, intuitively, explains enough about the system to predict its potential
behavior in the absence of any external forces. In state-variable type, models are made up of coupled
first-order differential equations.

3 Discuss the limitations of transfer functions and advantages of analysis of

a control system using state space.
3.1 Limitations of Transfer Function:
• The transfer function is defined using zero beginning conditions.
• Only linear time invariant structures will benefit from the transfer function approach.
• It provides little information about the system's internal condition.
• It can't be seen in applications with multiple inputs and outputs.
• Transfer feature analysis on machines is a comparatively challenging task.
Syed M. Afzal, 180401046

3.2 Advantages of State Space Analysis:

• It is capable of resolving nonlinear systems.
• Tile invariant structures will benefit from it.
• It can be used in applications with different inputs and outputs.
• It gives data about the inner condition of system.