Wireline Testers MDT Modular Formation Dynamics Tester

FT: one test per trip RFT : 2 fluid tests & unlimited pressure tests
(2 pretests chambers with constant volume & drawdown) •the 20-cm3 pretests at the three probes establish
hydraulic communication with the formation,
è Dry tests & seal failures confirm pressure seals and determine formation
MDT : pressures at the probe locations
FT RFT MDT Modular
Formation Repeat Formation Dynamics • surface control of • horizontal probe is a pressure-monitoring probe
Tester Formation Tester Tester without connection to the flowline bus.
flow rate & volume
Electrical Power ( ≤ 20 cc ) • Resistivity cells located in the flowline close to the
vertical and sink probes help identify the fluid
Hydraulic Power • quartz transducer being sampled.
react quickly and • sink probe withdraws fluid from the formation at
Probe
Dual accurately to P & T a prescribed rate while the vertical and horizontal
Dual-probe Packer probes monitor the pressure response
• reservoir pressure
Flow control
versus depths è Pressure Change ( psi)
Optical Fluid Analyzer
GOC & OWC
Multisample
• PVT samples
Sample
(R, PO, OFA, FC)
Sample
• Kh from pressure
Pumpout
transients & Kv
50
from multiprobe 51 Time (sec)
1955 - 1975 1975 - Present New Generation Vertical observation probe
interference tests Horizontal observation probe

Pumpout Module Operations Pressure Profiles Depth (ft)

X500
• the pumpout module can pump fluid directly from the formation into the mud • pressure profile obtained with a single probe system è
column & vice & versa to inflate / deflate the packers on the dual-packer module Gas
• pressure profile obtained with a multiprobe system
• pump performs at about 0.6 gal/min at an 800-psi pressure differential thus • note the pressure difference between the vertical probeX600
limits drawdown pressure applied to the formation & greatly reduces seal failures
at x437 ft and the horizontal and sink probes at x439.3 ft
• when fluid quality is representative of the reservoir, the pump is stopped and a
pure formation fluid is diverted to a sample chamber Depth (ft) Oil
POPV BFR1 BSG1 X415 X700
(gal) (ohm-m) (psi )
35 1.4 7000 Zp
23/ 4 gal — Shale at X420 —
X420 Water
30 1.2 6000
BSG1 (probe pressure) 6 gal >1 g/cm3
25 1.0 5000 X450 X550 X650
X425
20 0.8 4000 — Shale at X427 —
BFR1 (flowline resistivity)
X430 0.75 g/cm3
15 0.6 3000 — Shale at X430 to X 431 —
Vertical probe
10 0.4 2000 X435 Sink probe
Horizontal probe
5 0.2 1000
POPV (cumulative volume pumped Zp — Shale at X439 —
X440
520 0.0 0 53
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 Pressure (psi)

1
 Mini-DST Flow Geometries
• dual-packer module positioned over a naturally occurring fracture,
• fluid samples are taken from the fracture & buildup pressure transient is
recorded between each samples, Homogeneous Layered Hemispherical
• Pressure & derivative and the generalized Horner-type plots are shown (Sperical Flow) (Radial Flow) Flow

Pressure and Derivative

• Analysis with the ZODIAC*
∆ p and Derivative 3 3
1010 Zoned Dynamic Interpretation
Pressure
Pressure change
change

2 2
1010 Pressure
Analysis and Computation
Pressure
(psi)

Suitable test zone derivative

derivative program provides an excellent
1 1
1010 match for the test—yielding Homogeneous Flow Around
Radial
Radial flow
flow regime
regime
estimates for parameters such (Sperical Flow) an Object
0 0
1010
Low-permeability streak
as :
Generalized Horner
400400 • formation transmissivity &
∆ p (psi)

300300 • reservoir pressure

200200

100100

0 0
54 10–4
10 –4 10–3
10 –3 10–2
10 –2 10–1
10 –1 10–0
10 –0
55
∆ t (hr)

Pretest flow regime identification Pretest flow regime identification

56 57

2
 MDT In situ Stress testing
Specialised analysis plots

58 59

MDT, DSI, CMR, Core & FMI in carbonate Reservoir simulation pressure history matching

60 61