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Victor Kimaru Kiplimo SCT212-0047/2018 C.T 3.1 Data Communication Cat
Victor Kimaru Kiplimo SCT212-0047/2018 C.T 3.1 Data Communication Cat
Victor Kimaru Kiplimo SCT212-0047/2018 C.T 3.1 Data Communication Cat
SCT212-0047/2018
C.T 3.1
a)
Attenuation. Signal strength falls off with distance. It is an increasing function
of frequency. Higher frequencies suffer from more attenuation.
.
f) A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current that carries data from one system
or network to another. The properties include:
- Amplitude. Amplitude of a data signal is also known as its height or magnitude
- Frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles the data signal completes in the form of
oscillation in a single second.
- Wavelength. Wavelength is the length of a signal, which is measured in meters.
- Phase. The phase of a data signal is the shift of its amplitude angles, which is commonly
measured in degrees.
h)
j) On a straight through cable, the wired pins match. Straight through cable use one wiring
standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard.
E.g. both sides are arranged like so: white orange, orange, white green, blue, white
blue, green, white brown, brown.
On a crossover cable, the RJ45 crossover cable uses two different wiring standards. One
end uses the T568A wiring standard and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard.
Side one is arranged like so: white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue,
green, white brown, brown.
Side two: white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white brown,
brown.
k)
Group 1
8 (log 2 256) bits are needed to define each host.
prefix length is 32 - 8 = 24.
The addresses are
1st Customer: 190.100,0.0/24 190.100.0.255/24
2nd Customer: 190.100.1.0/24 190.100.1.255/24
..........
64th Customer: 190.100.63.0/24 190.100.63.255/24
Total = 64 x 256 = 16,384
Group 2
7 (log 2 128) bits are needed to define each host.
prefix length is 32 - 7 = 25.
The addresses are
1st Customer: 190.100.64.0/25 190.100.64.127/25
2nd Customer: 190.100.64.128/25 190.100.64.255/25
........
128th Customer: 190.100.127.128/25 190.100.127.255/25 3.
Total = 128 x 128 = 16,384
Group 3
6(log 2 64) bits are needed to define each host.
prefix length is 32 - 6 = 26.
The addresses are
1st Customer: 190.100.128.0/26
2nd Customer: 190.100.128.64/26
........
128th Customer: 190.100.159.192/26
Total = 128 x 64 = 8192
Number of granted addresses to the ISP: 65,536
Number of allocated addresses by the ISP: 40,960
Number of available addresses: 24,576
l)
o)
i. CD quality audio bit rate = 44.1khz
L = 1.0796 levels
48 = log2L * 2 *200
L = 1.0867 levels.
p) The bit rate of a system increases with an increase in the number of signal levels we
use to denote a symbol. As the number of levels go up, the spacing between levels
decreases, thus increasing the probability of an error occurring in the presence of
transmission impairments.