e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

A REVIEW PAPER ON PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

WITH FRACTIONAL REPLACEMENT OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES
Rakesh Kumar*1, Sahil Bhati*2, Pankaj Kumar*3
*1,2,3Department Of Civil Engineering Arya College Of Engineering And Research Centre, Jaipur,
Rajasthan, Rajasthan Technical University, India.
ABSTRACT
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
Keywords: Compressive Strength, Recycled Aggregate, Copper Slag, Concrete, Workability.
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete comprising of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate likewise, water. Presently days
the costs of these materials are expanded in this way, we have to analyse an approach to diminish the building
materials cost particularly concrete. One of the current headways in development industry is replacement of
resources in concrete. The replacement of resources offers a cost decrement, vitality assets and security of
state. Concrete stays one of the actual upsets ever of several surprising milestones were mass-produced using
concrete. Be that as it can, nowadays regularly in the existing situation, the consistent assets are being
exhausted to produce the concrete wilds. Prior to common assets are totally vanished, it is smarter to pick
other elective assets for binder i.e. cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
Copper slag is a resultant element achieved while matters melting as well as during copper refining. The typical
managing selections for copper slag are improving, recycling1the metal, manufacturing other elements alike
asphalt pavements, railroad ballast, road-base creation, tiles, glass, abrasive tools, cutting tools, and roofing
granules. Although increasing rapidity of re-using copper scoria(slag), the huge level of its production in a year
is castoff to landfills. Among the best possible practices for re-using copper scoria(slag) is in the concrete
manufacturing. The practice of copper scoria(slag) in the cement peers, concrete and plaster generation as
elementary elements for coarse and fine aggregates, clinker, and cement swapping, have been examined by
many researchers. Copper scoria(slag) is used in cement and also concrete bids impending troposphere
laterally with it nearly economic advantages to each and every similar manufacturer, specifically in places.
Recycled aggregate Usage in Concrete
The consumption of crushed aggregate from both demolition concrete or perhaps by hard discarded concrete is
usually viewed as a substitute aggregate, generally combined with all-natural aggregate course for using it in
brand new concrete. The consumption of totally recycled rough aggregate in concrete, unless thoroughly
handled as well as managed, is fitting to achieve some bad impact on nearly all concrete qualities: shrinkage
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
and creep, compressive strength, elasticity modulus, specifically for advanced concrete strength. Additionally,
the usage of good recycled aggregate under 2 mm is unusual in reused aggregate concrete as the water
requirement is higher of the good substance lesser than 150μm, and that reduces the power and boosts the
concrete shrinkage considerably. There exist various specifications and guidelines that restricts the proportion
of natural aggregate replacement with a recycled one. Generally, the discarded concrete aggregate can easily be
worn at higher replacement ratio than destructed concrete.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Although the properties of used aggregate concrete are widely considered to be lower to that of virgin
aggregate concrete, research in the field still is of merit due to growing consciousness of environmental
apprehensions relating to the concrete creation and demolition industry.
Some methods have been projected to improve the possessions of used aggregate material, through the use of
geopolymer ring binder in place of Portland cement viewing the most potential
 M Etxeberria et al., (2018) ISO 3927:2018
pacified recycled stiff aggregates found by crushed concrete were castoff for concrete manufacturing. Four
unlike used aggregate concretes were shaped; made with 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of second-hand coarse
aggregates respectively. The mix amounts of the four concretes remained planned in order to attain the same
compressive asset. The shape and surface of the aggregates might also disturb the workability of the concrete.
Concrete creased by an impact crusher attains a high fraction of recycled coarse aggregates deprived of
adhered plaster.
 D. Priyadharshini et al (2018)
studied on the use of copper scoria(slag) and recycled aggregate in concrete as a fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate. In this study M 40 Mix is designed by the use of copper scoria(slag) and recycled aggregate in
concrete. With addition of copper slag in concrete, the compression strength was increased up to 60% and then
a decrement was seen suddenly. The strength was increased to 40.75 N/mm2 after the complete replacement
of sand with copper slag. The divided tensile strength was enlarged with the accumulation of copper
scoria(slag) in concrete alike compressive strength.
 Tam C.M et al., (2016) ISO 3297:2016
It proposed a new approach in concrete, namely, “two-stage mixing approach (TSMA)”, intended to improve the
compressive asset for used aggregate concrete and hence lowered its strength variability. The study exposed
that the worth of aggregate is classified bestowing to the absorption rates alteration. The experiments
displayed that the compressive asset of RAC was improved by two-stage intercourse approach.
 SRINIVAS ANGADI, S SELVAPRAKASH, J S R PRASAD (2016)
have studied effectiveness of using recycled coarse aggregates in making high strength concrete in this he
analysed only a compressive asset of concrete from Compressive strength test outcomes, it is observed that
40% replacement of 10 mm aggregates in recycled coursed aggregate mixing attains more than that of
conventional concrete and also 40% replacement of 20 mm aggregates in RCA mixing attains more strength
when compared to conventional mix of 28 days. It is also found that, Compressive strength of 20% Standby of
10 mm, 20 mm and grouping of 10 mm and 20 mm in RCA mixture cubes were attain strength nearer to the
compressive asset results of conservative concrete at 12 hours, 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. Compressive
strength is reduced while swapping recycled coarse collections of 30% in mix at 28 days. But the previous
strength is similar as like conventional concrete mix.
Finally, overall results are equal to the conservative concrete results at all ages.
 Goudappa Biradar An Experimental Learning on Recycled Coarse Aggregates (2017)
The studies showed that the compressive asset of the used aggregate concrete is originated to be lower than the
natural aggregate. The asset of used aggregate concrete can be enhanced by the water and acid treatments.
Recycled aggregate preserved with nitric acid shown the decent outcome related to the hydrochloric and
sulphuric acid and form inexpensive point of view; water and acid preserved recycled aggregates may be used
in place of usual aggregates for impermanent structures.
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[269]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
 Mirjana Malesev, Vlastimir Radonjani and Snezana Marinkovic
A comparative analysis of the experimental results of the properties of virgin and hardened concrete with
different replacement ratios of natural with recycled coarse aggregate is presented in this paper. Cast-off
aggregate was finished by crushing the unused concrete of research laboratory test cubes and moulded
concrete columns. Though, for this to be satisfied, it is essential to use excellence used concrete coarse
aggregate and to track the exact rules for plan and manufacture of this novel concrete category.
 Md. Arshad Hussain et al (2017)
studied on the properties on the concrete assets by means of copper slag and micro silica. In this study M 30
mix was designed by using copper slag at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% with fine aggregates and Cement is
substituted by Silica Fume for 5%, 10% and 15%. The test results shown that there was much positive rise in
the flexural asset of concrete at 25% replacement of copper scoria(slag) with 10% Silica Smoke when
compared to control mixes.
 K. Bhanu Prakash Reddy et al (2016)
studied on the use of copper slag in concrete along with cement mortar as substitute of sand. This study work
mostly encompasses of 2 primary apparatuses. Concrete was wont to check various of machine-driven assets.
Primarily a part of the concept comprises of effort sand by copper smut in cement for cause of quality
possessions. For sand substitution, seven check groups were reliable with replacement of third (control
example), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 100% copper filth with sand in individually arrangement.
 Sellakkannu N.
Preservation of natural possessions and conservation of atmosphere is the core of any modern development.
Recycled Aggregates are finished from material that is typically improved from demolition projects then
creased, partitioned and washed to harvest the essential grading. The recycled coarse aggregates attained by
crushed concrete were castoff for concrete production. Generally recycled aggregates are inexpensive than the
extracted aggregates while this does not kind them any less suitable. Used aggregates are the things for the
future. These are eco-friendly materials and it also reduces the cost of making concrete. inconsistently.
However, it was noticed that all RAC100 mixes exhibits the lowest wear of all mixes for the same curing
conditions.
III. CONCLUSION
Construction and destruction waste are often used as recycled mixture in construction. The additional totally
the waste is treated, the upper the standard of the combination. High-quality mixture is pricey and thus,
economically unavailable in countries wherever natural mixture is cheaply obtained. Recycled concrete
aggregates square measure completely different from natural aggregates and concrete made up of these
materials had specific properties. Use of cast off aggregates in concrete are often helpful for environmental
protection and economical aspects. Recycled aggregates square measure the resources for the long run. The
appliance of recycled mixture had been started in several construction comes. Several countries square
measure giving several infrastructural laws relaxation for increase the use of cast-off mixture. By adding
copper scoria, density is inflated and therefore self-weight is additionally inflated that makes it good up-to-
date constructions like serious bridges, pavement constructions, abutments, piers, etc. The
recycled mixture can be utilised with full or could also be the fractional replacement of ordinary
coarse mixture. The compressive asset of concrete increases by the accumulation of copper slag.
The compressive asset of concrete will increase by the count of copper s1ag.
The compressive asset of concrete declines by the accumulation of used coarse aggregates.
The optimum proportion of Copper scoria is half-hour and ten you take care of used coarse aggregates.
High compressive strength is nonheritable when the addition of half hour copper scoria and ten nada recycled
course aggregates for compressive strength.
The split lastingness of concrete decreases through accumulation copper scoria.
The Split lastingness of concrete reductions by the accumulation of recycled coarse aggregates.
The peak Copper scoria proportion is half-hour and 100% for recycled coarse aggregates.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:08/August-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
The maximum split lastingness is achieved on M- three with half-hour Copper scoria.
The literature study concludes that the compressive asset will increase with the toughness of recycled
aggregates and copper scoria. With the rise in proportion of copper scoria the workability is additionally will
increase chop-chop. The values of compressive strength have additionally inflated thanks to the toughness of
cast-off aggregates and copper scoria(slag).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study is done by the final year students by the help of references papers based on the past work on this
process. This is the place to accept that while there appears author only on the cover, this work is just as any
other, is a result of the interaction with and support in our thesis work, among them, first I express my
gratitude to my guides assist. Er. Mukesh Saini for their affection throughout guidance, advice and
encouragement. Thanks to all my family members for their warmth, care and encouragement. Superior thanks
to my college for providing me the invaluable knowledge. Above all and I am thankful to immense God for
everything and altogether researchers whose research papers in this field have been mentioned for our study.
IV. REFERENCES
[1] Deepika K P, “Utilization of Copper Slag as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete”,
[2] International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, Issue 10, Volume 3.
[3] Faris Mohammed (2018): experimentally investigate SF admixture also is used to improve recycled
concrete aggregate compressive strength. MATEC Web of Conferences 162, 02018 (2018)
[4] Dr. M. Seethapathi (2018): on investigation of high strength concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.
Volume 7, ISO 3297
[5] Gordon R. B. (2002) Production residues in copper technological cycles. Resour Conserv Recycl, Vol
36(2): pp: 06–87.
[6] Mohd. Zamin JUMAAT (2012): RCA is useful as a substitute of NCA. Volume 19(6): ISSN 1392-3730
[7] Experimental Studies on High Strength Concrete by Using Recycled Coarse Aggregate N.Sivakumar,
S.Muthukumar, V.Sivakumar, D.Gowtham, V.Muthuraj
[8] Ismail Abdul Rahman: compression strength of recycle concrete aggregate.
[9] Recycled Concrete as Aggregate for Structural Concrete Production Mirjana Malesev, Vlastimir
Radonjanin and Snezana Marinkovic
[10] T. Leelawat (2000) effects of coarse RCA content on the compression strength. Vol 33 pp 574-580
[11] Ozgur Cakir (2014) effects of silica fume (SF) in the concrete mix design. HBRC Journal (2015) 11, 157–
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