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CH2.4 Inverse Laplace A
CH2.4 Inverse Laplace A
f (t ) = L−1 [F ( s )]
−1
Where: L is called the Inverse Laplace Transform Operator.
How to do it?
PFE?
Partial Fraction Expansion
F ( s ) = F1 ( s ) + F2 ( s ) + LL + Fn ( s )
Steps of PFE
N (s)
F (s) =
D( s )
Steps:
N (s) N ( s)
F (s) = =
D( s) ( s + p1 )( s + p2 ) L (as 2 + bs + c) L
N (s) A1 A2 D1s + D2
F (s) = = + +L+ +L
D( s) ( s + p1 ) ( s + p2 ) (as 2 + bs + c)
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Examples of PFE
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Example of “Cover-Up’
Example 1:
1
F ( s) = Find inverse Laplace
s ( s + 5)
Solution:
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2
Example of “Undetermined Coefficients”
Example 2: ω2
F (s) = Find inverse Laplace
s( s + ω 2 )
2
Solution:
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1 A1 A2 A
= + +L+ n
(s + a )n ( s + a1 ) n ( s + a2 ) n −1 s+a
N (s) N ( s)
Case 1 F ( s) = = F(s) has distinctive poles
D( s ) ( s + p1 )( s + p2 ) L ( s + pn )
A1 A2 An
= + +L+
( s + p1 ) ( s + p2 ) ( s + pn )
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Suggestions for PFE (2)
N (s) N ( s)
Case 2 F ( s) = = F(s) has multiple poles
D( s ) ( s + p1 )( s + p2 ) n
A B1 B2 Bn
either = + + L+ Good for “cover-up”
( s + p1 ) ( s + p2 ) n ( s + p2 ) n −1 ( s + p2 )
n −1 n−2
A Bs + B2 s + L + Bn
or = + 1 Good for “undetermined coeffcients”
( s + p1 ) ( s + p2 ) n
Case 3 N (s) N ( s)
F ( s) = =
D( s ) as 2 + bs + c
N (s)
= If two real roots
( s + r1 )( s + r2 )
N ( s)
=
(s + r )2 If two identical real roots
N (s)
=
(s + σ )2 + ω 2 If two complex conjugate roots
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N (s) N (s)
F (s) = =
as 2 + bs + c ⎛ b c⎞
a⎜ s 2 + s + ⎟
⎝ a a⎠
1 N ( s) 1 N (s)
= =
a⎡ 2 b ⎛ b ⎞ c ⎛ b ⎞ ⎤ a⎛
2
⎞ ⎛ 4ac − b ⎞
2 2 2 2
⎢s + s + ⎜ ⎟ + − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ b
⎜ s + ⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎣⎢ a ⎝ 2a ⎠ a ⎝ 2a ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎝ 2a ⎠ ⎝ 2a ⎠
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MATLAB-Symbolic Solution-PFE
N (s) 1
Problem: F ( s) = = Find PFE
D( s) s 2 + 2s
>> num = [0 1]
num =
0 1
N ( s) r r r
>> den = [1 2 0] F (s) = = 1 + 2 +L+ n + k
den = D( s) s − p1 s − p2 s − pn
1 2 0
k=
[]
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ans =
exp(-2*t)
ans =
a*(1/2-1/2*exp(-2*t))
ans =
a*(1/8*t+1/4*t*exp(-2*t)+1/8*t^2*exp(-2*t)-3/16+3/16*exp(-2*t))
>> ilaplace(a/(s^2+2*s))
ans =
1/4*a*4^(1/2)*(exp((-1+1/2*4^(1/2))*t)-exp((-1-1/2*4^(1/2))*t))
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MATLAB-Symbolic Solution-Inverse Laplace
>> syms a s t w x
>> ilaplace (s/(s*(s+2)))
ans =
exp(-2*t)
ans =
a*(1/2-1/2*exp(-2*t))
ans =
a*(1/8*t+1/4*t*exp(-2*t)+1/8*t^2*exp(-2*t)-3/16+3/16*exp(-2*t))
>> ilaplace(a/(s^2+2*s))
ans =
1/4*a*4^(1/2)*(exp((-1+1/2*4^(1/2))*t)-exp((-1-1/2*4^(1/2))*t))
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