THE PHONETIC ALPHABI We > BSS My provides the means by which pts ago crew commute wih ch rage Yi has been determined that the misunderstanding between pilots and air traffic personnel ss responsible for a signifcant aumber of acraft accidents ‘The importace of wing comect and previe standard phraseology cannot be overemphasized regardless of ones sationalin, langue ce accent. ‘The abjective ofthe phonetic alphabet i to standanlize the was in which krters and fhumber are enunciated in order to redace esunderstanding berseen aviation personnel and expedite the safe and orderly flow of aireraft. (Syllables to be emphasized are underlined) LETTER \ B c Db r F LOK TROT G GOLE H HOH TELL I INDIA i JEW LEE BET K SEY LOH L MAH M MIKE, N NOVEM BER oO Oss CAH P PAH PAH Q KEH BECK R ROW MEOH “Ss SEE MIR RAH t ‘LANG GO t \ w Wiss KEY x [EGS RAY y YANG KEY 7 ZOO 1.00= ‘Transmitting Numbers Nemenl/Numert clement Promina e 1 WUN 2 TOO 3 TREE 4 FOW-ER 3 FUE 6 six 7 SEV-EN, 8 att 9 NINE Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL Hundred = oe HUN-DRED pusand ‘VYOU-SAND All oumbers except whole hundreds, whole thousands, and combinations of thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit separately. Whole hhundreds and whole thousands shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit im the number of hundreds or thousands followed by the word HUNDRED or THOUSAND as appropriate. Combination of thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing eich digit in the number of thousands followed word THOUSAND and the number of hundreds followed by the word HUNDRED. ‘Number ‘Transmitted as, 0 ONE ZERO 100 ONE HUNDRED. WUN HUN. 2500 TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED TOO TOU-SAND. PUFE HUN-DRED 10.000 ONE ZERO THOUSAND WUN Z1-RO TOL SAND 38 562 THREE EIGHT FIVE SIX TWO TREE ATE FIFE SIX TOO, TERETE $‘Transmission of Time Because of the different time zones all over the world it beeame necessary for us in aviation to agree on the use of one (1) common time system. The system chosen was Greenveich Mean ‘Time / Universal Time Coordinate (UTC) of Zulu Time. The new seating at (10007, (7 pm local) and ending at 2359 (659 pm local) or Zula time, ‘The same rules apply to the transmission of time. ‘Normally, ny the minutes past the hour are required. ‘The hour should be included if there is any possibility of confusion. TIME ‘TRANSMITTED AS PRONUNCIATION 0705 ‘Zero Five ot Zero Seven Zero Five ‘Zero Fife or Seven ag Ze-ro Fife 1600 One Six Zero Zero Won Six Ze-ro Zero 2385 Two Three Five Five Too Tree Fife Fife‘Transmitting Techni The following transmitting techniques and received satisfactorily sil ass in ensuring thar tansmitted speech is clear frequency to be used to ensure that 1. Before transmitting listen out on the appeopriate from another station there will be no interference with a transmission 2. Be familiar with good microphone operating rechniques 3. Think about what is to be said before depressing the transmit key 44. Maintain a normal conversation tone, speak clearly and distinetly- Azintain an even rate of speech not exceeding 100 words per minute, When known that the information is being written by the recipient, speak at a slightly slower rate- 6. Maintain the speaking volume at a constant level. \ slight pause before and after numbers wil ad in them being better understood. 8. Avoid hesitation sounds such as “er” and “ahhh” 9. Depress the transmit switeh fully before speaking and do not release until the message 4s completed. STUCK MIKE Not only ic a “stuck” micropliome bilton irritating but can also be potentially dangerous ‘Operators should ensuite ay all times that the microphone be placed in an appropriate location cosuring that it will not be inadvertently switched on. FAILURE TO ESTABLISH 2-WAY COMMUNICATION If after alls on the appropriate frequencies prove futile, attempts should be made to establish ‘contact with’another aircraft for the possibility of having that aircraft relaying your message to the ViS Unit. lf communication is stil not established, the aircraft shall eansmit its message twice preceded by the phrase “Teansmitting Blind”. If an aircraft is unable to establish Pommunication because of receiver failure it shall transmit its message twice preceded by the phrase “Transmitting Blind due to receiver failure”. ‘The aircraft shall transmit reports in regards to: 1 Aircraft callsign ii Nircraft type tu. Soulsand Fuel on board is Position and Aleitude y. ‘Time of next imended transmission vi Intention of the PIC with respect to the continuation of the flight. Nil. ALWAYS MAINTAIN A LISTENING WATCH ON THE APPROPRIATE EREQUENCY TT 3Communication 2 DIO THE LE ‘Test transmissions should take the following form: a) The identification of the aeronautical station being called b) The aircraft call sign ¢) The words “RADIO CHECK™ 4) The frequency being used Replies to test transmissions should be as Follows: a) The identification of the station calling b) The identification of the station replying ¢) Information regarding the readability of the transmission “The readability of the transmnissiga should he classified according to the following readabil scale: 1. Unreadable 2. Readable now and then 3. Readable but with difficulty 4. Readable 5. Perfectly readable Eg. AIRCRAFT STATION Manley tower. this is 6CH Raalicy check on frequency 118.65 6CH, Manley tower reads you 5Pilot: Tinson Pen Tower, This is 6CH ATC TR: GCH, Thasom Pen Tower go ahead Pilot: Sct, -272, 2 Souls on board, + Hours fuel, departing Tinson Pen for Manley, time enroute 6 mins, PIC:(full name) ATC TE): GCM, Tinson Pen roger. Wind O90 degrets @ 15 knots, QNH 1014, Taxi for departure runway 14. {oivaraf then taxis, tnters vanway and becorues airborne) ATC TR): GCH, Contact Manley tower on frequency 118.65 Pilot: Roger Tinson Pew, 6CH Changing to 118.65. Good Day. Pilot: Manley Tower, this is GOH ATC MLY: GCH, Join left base runway 12, report established Pilot: SCH, wil report on Left base runway 12 eivcraf becomes eatablished on leh base ranway 12) Pilot: Manley Tower, CH on Left base runway 12 ATC MLY: CH, Cleared to land runway 12. wind 100 degrees @ 15 knots EO 2The followi Standard Words and Phrases ¢ words'and phrases shall be used in radiotelephony communication as appropriate and shall have the meaning given below we c ACKNOWLEDGE, AFFIRM, APPROVED BREAK BREAK BREAK EXPEDITE CANCEL CHECK CLEARED CONFIRM CONTACT CORRECT CORRECTION DISREGARD GO AHEAD HOW DO YOU READ 1SAY AGAIN MONITOR Meaning, Let me know that you have received and understood the messat Yes Permission for proposed action granted Thereby indicate the separation between portions of the message. (To be used where there is no clear distinction between the text and other portions of the message) Thereby indicate the separation between messages transmitted 10 different aircraft in a very busy environment Carry out instructions quickly Annul the previously transmitted clearance Examine a system or procedure. (No answer is normaily expected.) “Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified Have I correctly received the following....? Or did you correctly receive this message? Establish radio contact with ..... ‘That is correct An error has been made in this transmission (or message indicated). The correct version is Consider that transmission as not sent Proceed with your message Note:- The phrase “GO AHEAD" is not normally used in surface ‘movement communications What is the readability of my transmission? | repeat for clarity or emphasi Listen out on (frequency) Rn Cane ete 5NEGATIVE READ BACK REPORT REQUEST ROGER SAY AGAIN SPEAK SLOWER STANDBY VERIFY WILCO. WORDS TWICE No or permission not granted or that is not correct Repeat all or the specified part of this message back to me exactly as received ‘A change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof. Pass me the following information I should like to know........ oF Wish to obtain, Thave received all of your last transmission Note:- Under no circumstances o be used it reply to a question requiring “READ BACK" or a direct answer in the affirmative (AFFIRM) or negative (NEGATIVE) Repeat all. or the following part of your last transmission Reduce your rate of speech Wait and I will call you Check and confirm with originator (Abbreviation for “will comply”.) I understand your message and will comply with it a) Asa request: ‘Communication is difficult. Please send every word or group of words twice b) As information: ‘Since communication is dificult, every word ot group of words in this message will be sent twiceircraft call units These are identified by transmitting one of the following variations: 1. The complete aircraft registration spoken phonetically The telephony designator of the operator followed by the last four characters of the registration spoken phonetically 3. The telephony designater of the operator followed by the flight identification number Examples:- 1. SIX YANKEE JULIET CHARLIE DELTA -— 6Y-ICD Il, SPEEDBIRD BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ALPHA —- SPEEDBIRD B-CDA II. AIR JAMAICA ZERO TWO ONE -- AJM 021 ATS UNITS AND FREQUENCIES IN KINGSTON FIR LOCAL ATS UNITS FREQUENCIES KINGSTON CENTER 128.10 (HIGH SECTOR) ’ 125.40 (Low SecToR) MANLEY TOWER 118.65 (AIR) 121.70 (GROUND) MANLEY RADAR 120.60 SANGSTER TOWER 118.75 (AIR) 121.70 (GROUND) SANGSTER RADAR: 120.80 TINSON TOWER 118.25 “unico 122.80 { INT'L EMERGENCY 121.50 | ATIS (MANLEY) 127.70 1 ATIS (SANGSTER) 127.90 (TIS : Automated Terminal Information System) Tag eer yeaeR aR aCategories and pri cof message: Type of messages Signal 1, Distress Calls. Distress Messages & Distress Traffic MAYDAY 2 Urgem Messages PAN 3. Communication relating to direction finding NIL 4. Flight Safety Messazes NIL 5. Meteorological Messages NIL 6. Flight Regularity NIL Flight Safety Messages shall comprise the following:- a) Air Traffie Control Messages b) Position Report fram Aircraft ©) Message originated from aircraft operating agency or by an aircraft of immediate concer to an aircraft in flight Flight Regularity Messages shall comprise messages concerning the folk 2) Changes in operating schedules b) Servicing of aireraft €) Instructions to operating agency representatives in regards to changes in requirements of passengers or crews. which are unavoidable deviations from the normal schedule 4) Non-routine landings to be made by an aircraft ©) Aireraft parts and materials urgently needed Information regarding the operation or maintenance of facilites essential forthe safety or regularity of aircraft operation. Transfer of communications An aircraft shall be advised by the appropriate aeronautical station to switch from one radio frequency to another in accordance with agreed procedures. In the absence of such advice. the aircraft shall notify the aeronautical station before such a change takes place. eg. “6 CD Contact Sangster Approach 120.8 ‘An aircraft may also be instructed to “standby” on a frequency when itis intended that the ATS unit initiate further communication or monitor a frequency on which information is being broadcasted. eg. “6Y-SCD Change to 120.6, standby on that frequency for your ATC Clearance” or “6 CF Monitor Unicom 122.8"DISTRESS AND URGENCY MESSAGES Disiress: a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. % Urgency: a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance. The word “MAYDAY” spoken at the start identifies a distress message and the words “PAN PAN spoken at the start identifies an urgency message. These words as appropriate should be preferably spoken 3 times at the start of the call Distress messages have priority over all other transmissions, followed by urgency messages having priority overall other messages. Pilots making distress or ungency calls should attempt to spea ‘correct phraseology in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. ik slowly and clearly using the “These calls should be made on the frequency in use at the time. Communications should be continued on this frequency unless itis considered that better assistance can be provided by hanging to another frequency. The frequency 121.50 has been designated the iterations! Scronautical emergency frequeney although not all stations maintain a listening watch on that frequency. ‘A distress message shall contain 28 many as possible ofthe following elements and if possible in the order shown: a) name of stat 'b) identification of the aireraft ) nature of the distress call 4) souls and fuel ¢) intention of the PIC 4 position, level and heading of sireraft 2) any other useful information eg. MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Manley tower, 6CF, C172. engine failure, 2 souls 4 hrs of ful, will ‘anempring a landing at your station. Presently Stony Hill, 1500 ft southbound. Urgency messages shall also include the same elements as distress calls according to the ciroumstances. ‘Transmission of a distress message by a station not itself in distress ‘Any aeronautical station or aircraft having knowledge of a distress incident may transmit a distress call relay a 7c HT PLAN {NOTIFICATION ~ Aircraft call sign . Aircraft type . Persons / souls on board Fuel on board Point of departure . Destination Time enroute . Pilot in command (PIC) . Any other information ~