Alfred Adler

Ayşıl Tayoğlu
Emel Demir
Eylül Hazal Çağlar
Eylül Özgün
LIFE STORY

Born in Vienna on 7 February

1870.
LIFE STORY

In 1902 became closely

associated with Sigmund
Freud.
Adler died in Aberdeen,
Scotland, at an age of 67.
 EDUCATION
AND CAREER
University
Departmant
Freud’s discussion group
Adler and freud’s sexual argument
During world war I
After the war, involved various projects
 MAJOR
RESEARCHES
Adler's approach to personality
Psychodynamics and teleology
Constructivism and metaphysics
Holism
Typology
 MAJOR
RESEARCHES

The importance of memories

On birth order
On addiction
On homosexuality
Parent education
Spirituality, ecology and community
OTHER
CONTRUBITIONS personality is unique

concept of creative self

"consciousness" at the
center of the personality

human being is not

a sexual, but a
social being
There are controversy and agreed
ideas about between his birth order
theory and experiments of it

About first-borns

About second-
borns

About
only-children
 Over the next several years Adler developed a personality
theory that differed in several ways from Freud’s, especially
with regard to Freud’s emphasis on sexual factors. In 1910,
Freud named Adler president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic
Society in an attempt to reconcile their growing rift, but by
1911 the inevitable split was complete. Their part- ing was
bitter. Adler described Freud as a swindler and
psychoanalysis as “filth” (Roazen, 1975, p. 210). Freud
referred to Adler as “abnormal” and “driven mad by
ambition,” as well as paranoid, jealous, sadistic, and
short.
Do not forget the most important fact that not heredity and not
environment are determining factors.—-Both are giving only
the frame and
the influences which are answered by the individual in regard
to his styled
creative power
 The Myth of Mental Illness
By Thomas S. Szasz (1960)
Main points ; Comments ;
- It is a discussion paper about is mental illness - There is one paragraph which is about how we decide
concept used correctly or not. Szasz said that there people have mental illness, it captures my attention while
is no mental illness because the pecularities of I am reading and it makes me think about the topic. When
we assert a person as a mentally ill, he said, it is a covert
people are caused by their physiological and
concept because we judge him/her according to our
neurological maladies. He said these are brain
thoughts apart from his/her environment, culture. This is
illness not a mental illness.
like a diagnosing an illness separate from the patient’s
He says that the concepts in which defects and anatomy or genetics.
remedies are sought are contradictory. - I had a little difficulty understanding due to the length of
He insistently refer to concept that mental illness sentences in the article.
of person is about the ethical issue, not a
physiological issue.
What we experience are problems in life, whether
biological, economic, political or socio-
psychological. Emel Demir
 The Myth of Mental Illness
By Thomas S. Szasz (1960)
Main points ;
- This article discusses what mental illness is or the
reality of such a concept. Szasz argued that there
is no such thing as mental illness and that
psychological problems cannot be defined as
illness/diseases, which talking of "mental ilness"
includes a logical error. Since the problems occur
due to physical or neurological dysfunctions. Aside
from mental illness being nonsense, this concept is
linked to ethical situations, he says. Szasz sees
psychotherapy not as a cure for an illness, but as a
tool to help people understand themselves.
Comments ;
Before reading the article, I did not expect this kind of
approach, and it surprised me. Especially besides the
discussion of the reality of mental illnesses, I wanted to
think about it after reading the idea that Szas stated that
when they take the solution of the problem caused by
seeing mental illnesses like any other disease, it results in
people getting away from their problems and not being
able to face them.
I had difficulty in comprehending while reading due to the
complexity caused by the length of the sentences.
Eylül Özgün
 The Effects of Psychotherapy: An
Evaluation
H. J. Eysenck (1952)
Main points ;
Comments ;
- This article was written to understand the recovery rates of
Since there was no consensus among
neurotic patients after psychotherapy, thanks to reports
psychiatrists on the most basic concepts and
prepared by psychiatrists. definitions, there were serious problems in the
It was concluded that neurotic patients' chances of recovery data collection and interpretation phase of the
under psychoanalysis seem equal to the chances of recovery study.
under eclectic treatment, and slightly worse than the chances Although the data collected did not support the
of a cure under a general practitioner or supervision. effectiveness of psychotherapy, Eysenck believed
It has been found that almost two-thirds of neurotic patients that the effectiveness of psychotherapy could be
will recover fully or partially, whether or not they are treated proven with more methodologically adequate
studies.
with psychotherapy, approximately two years after the onset
of their illness.
Since the contribution of psychotherapy to the recovery of
neurotic patients has not yet been proven, Eysenck concluded
that the inclusion of this treatment training in the clinical Eylül Hazal Çağlar
psychology curriculum was premature.
 The Effects of Psychotherapy: An
Evaluation
H. J. Eysenck (1952)
Main points ;
Examination whether psychotherapy really has Comments ;
effects on patients or does not. Psychotherapy does not have a definite and clear
Comparison of patients receiving second treatment
and non-patients and recovery rates of patients with effect when looking at its effects on different
neuroses groups with certain neurotic diseases. The effects
Research reviewed by Landis and. In general, more of the therapeutic on psychological treatment
than two-thirds of severe neurotics are observed to
should not be included in the clinical psychology
have significantly improved or recovered when they
are in mainstream prison care and very little curriculum, until the results of the observations
psychotherapy. and studies carried out in the psychiatry
Patients were regularly seen and treated by their department in hospitals during the periods are
own physicians with soothing, tonic, suggestion and
clearer.cally adequate studies.
relief, but in no case were attempted anything other
than this most superficial type of "psychotherapy"
that was always stock in the trade
All cases were followed up over a period of at least
five years and generally up to ten years after the
onset of the disability period.
As a result of the studies and observations, when the
recovery rates and recovery rates of the patients are Ayşıl Tayoğlu
examined, the psychotherapy is found to be
insufficient