Agricultural Structures Area

Recommended lighting intensity for swine housing

Lighting intensity*lux (Lumen/m2)
(PAES 401-420) Breeding, gestation and farrowing
Nurseries
150
100
Housing for Swine Production(PAES 401) - Ceiling height - 2.4 m high Growing and finishing 50
Farrowing - act of giving birth of swine (45 days) Inspection areas 200
Finisher-swine which are 66 kg and up Minimum ventilation rates under normal condition
Grower-swine from 40 to 65 kg Building sidewalls - min. height of 1 m STAGE Ventilation rate(m3/min)
Minimum recommended space requirement for swine Farrowing unit (sow and litter) 0.28
Nursery pens 0.08
Growing-finishing pens 0.12
Breeding and gestating pens(gilts, sows and boars) 0.28
Housing for Broiler Production(PAES 402) - Ceiling height - 2.4 m high
Housing sizes- Width (10 m - 12 m)
Floor space requirements for broiler
Stages Floor space (m2/100 birds)
4 weeks and below 6.25
Above 4 weeks old 12.50
Recommended brooding temperature
Age of chicks(days) Temperature(° C)
1–7 32 - 35
8 – 14 29 – 32
14 – 21 27 – 29
Recommended slat width and spacing Beyond 21 days Provide heat only when necessary
Size and type of swine Width of slat Slat spacing Waterer length requirement
mm mm Feeder
Farrowing sows and piglets 18 - 25 8-9 Stages a
(up to 30 kg) Linear Roundb
Weaners 18 – 25 10 – 14 m/100 birds pieces./100 birds
Finishers 60 - 100 10 – 20 4 weeks and below 4 4
Sows, finishers and boars 80 – 125 10 – 25 Above 4 weeks old 7.5 5
(over 100 kg) Feeder length requirement
Growing pen(1.5 m x 4.8 m shall accommodate 20 growers) Feeder
Finishing pen(1.5 m x 4.8 m shall accommodate 10 finishers) Stages a
Linear Roundb
Swine Height of pen partition(m) m/100 birds pieces./100 birds
Under 25 kg 0.70 4 weeks and below 2.5 1
25 kg – 100 kg 0.90 Above 4 weeks old 4 1
Sow 1.00
Boar 1.20 Housing for Layer Production(PAES 403)- * Cage type (5 m2/100 birds)
*Pen gate- 600mm wide and 0.9m – 1m high weanling- height of 750 mm - Community nest-large nesting boxes for 3 - 6 layers *Pen sizes- Width(10 m - 12 m)
*Aisles and Walkways- Primary(min.width of 1.5 m) and secondary (min.width 1 m) *Laying Cage-Floor(12 gauge wire) and slope (21% - 25%)
Minimum recommended length of feeding trough per swine Stage Space requirements(m2/100 birds)
Swine weight Linear length of trough(mm/animal) Growing (7 – 22 weeks)
15 – 25 150 Litter floor 7
25 – 50 200 Slotted floor 14
50 – 75 250 Slot-litter floor 6
75 – 100 300 Laying (beyond 22 weeks)
100 - 130 350 Litter floor 17
-feeding trough width(300 mm ) and depth (250 mm) Slotted floor 9
Slot-litter floor 14
Housing for Goat and Sheep(PAES 404) Minimum space requirement for crowding pen
*fenced loafing area - (150 m2/50 head)-adjacent to animal housing Weight of the cattle (kg) Space requirements(m2/animal)
*Wall- clearance of 150 mm – 300 mm between floor - wall and wall – beam Up to 270 0.5
*open tank drinking system-300 mm(15 - 25 head) *Field fencing-height(1.5 m) 270 – 540 0.9
*automatic watering system-1 bowl or nipple(50 head) Over 540 1.1
Minimum floor space requirement for goats and sheep Housing for Dairy Cattle(PAES 407)-
in intensive production related to live weight *parturition - act of giving birth
Floor space (m2/animal) *Roof – min height of the top of the roof beam(2.5 m)from the floor and slope(25%)
Animal Weight(kg) Solid floor Slotted floor Open yard *Pen wall - 1.2 m – 1.5 m high (every 20-25 mature cows)
Doe/Ewe 35 0.8 0.7 2 * Drainage - (gutter min. width of 460 mm and min.depth of 200 mm)
Doe/Ewe 50 1.1 0.9 2.5 Minimum floor space requirement for dairy cattle
Doe/Ewe 70 1.4 1.1 3 Class, Age, Size of Animal Shed or Barn Floor Area (m2/animal)
Kid/Lamb 0.4 - 0.5 0.3 - 0.4 - Calves (up to 3 months) 1
Buck/Ram 3.0 2.5 - Calves (3 - 6 months) 2
Minimum floor space requirement for pregnant Calves (7 months – 1 year) 3
and lactating doe/ewe related to weight Yearlings (1 – 2 years) 4
Floor space(m2/animal) Heifer/Steer (2 – 3 years) 5
Doe/Ewe Pregnant Lactating Milking and dry cows 6
Cows in maternity stall 10
Small (50 kg – 70 kg) 1.3 2.0
Large (over 70 kg) 1.6 2.3 Carabao Feedlot(PAES 408)- minimum space requirement shall be 4 m2/animal
*Feeding trough – min. space requirement for feeding (0.750 mm/animal)
Minimum linear feeding space related to live weight
*open water tank space shall be at least 0.3 m for every 10 heads
Animal Weight(kg) Feeding space(linear mm/animal)
Milking Parlor(PAES 409)- *Doors-min. width of 1.5 m
Doe/Ewe 35 350
*For sanitation, it shall be at least 100 m away from manure piles or wastewater pond
Doe/Ewe 50 400
*Wall-All wall tops and ledges shall slope at 45o
Doe/Ewe 70 450
*Holding area or wash pen-minimum space requirement of 2.23 m2/animal
Kid/Lamb 250
*Entrance and exit alley- width of the alley(0.7m - 0.9m)for turning around of animal
Buck/Ram 500
*Milking area- back-out stall, 0.9 m headroom and walk-through, a space of 1.8 m ahead
Cattle Feedlot(PAES 405)- min.space requirement for feeding(750 mm/animal) - bucket milking machine(1 m – 1.1 m wide)
*Floor (Concrete-2 - 4% slope and earth slope of 4 - 7%) - pipeline-milking system(0.7 m – 0.8 m)
*Roof-min. height of the top of the roof beam shall be 2.5 m from the floor Minimum lighting intensity for milking center
*Pen wall - pen shall be 1.2 m – 1.5m high
Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2)
*open water tank - 250 linear mm (8-10 head)
Holding area/wash area 100
*automatic waterer - 15 animals(height of 1m)
* Loading chute- width shall be 660 mm – 760 mm Parlor room
* Loading ramp - have cross battens every 200 mm to prevent slipping (slope of 30%) General lighting 200
* Drainage - (gutter min. width of 460 mm and min.depth of 200 mm) Milker/Milking operator’s area 500
Area Space requirements(m2/animal) Lairage for Swine, Small and Large Animals(PAES 410) - small animals,0.56 m2/animal
Shed area 4 *Flooring- cattle pens( floor slope not be less than 3o), and for hog pens, not be less than 2.4o
Loafing area 5 *Lighting-110 lux within the lairage, For all suspect pens(not less than 540 lux)
*aisles (1.5 m wide)
Cattle Ranch(PAES 406)- slope of not more than 58%
*final drive of the laneway shall be V-shaped with 800 mm wide at the top and
*Fence- min.height(1.5m),Brahman cross and exotics breeds height (1.7 m –1.8 m)
500 mm wide at the floor
Minimum space requirement for Holding pen
Large animals space requirement
Weight of the cattle (kg) Space requirements(m2/animal)
type Space requirements(m2/animal)
Up to 270 1.3
loose type 2.23
270 – 540 1.6
tie-up type 3.30
Over 540 1.9
Swine space requirement
Weight(kg) Space requirements(m2/animal)
More than 100 0.7
less than 100 0.6
Slaughterhouse for Swine, Small and Large Animals(PAES 411) - 220 lux
- at least 200 meters away from human habitation *Gutters- min depth(760mm) and width(150mm),bottom slope 1% towards the drain
- 10 meters away from the bank *Scrape gutters - 4m-0.6m wide; 0.3m-0.4m deep
*site - elevated to at least 600 mm above the adjacent ground *Flush gutters–min.depth(0.6m) and bottom slope(0%-5%)
*Ceilings-at least 3 m from the floor *Grit chambers-fine sand (0.25 mm–3.2 mm diameter ; SG=2.65)
*Window sills shall be sloped at 45° *emergent vegetation should be flooded to a depth of 100 mm – 450 mm
*Doorways shall be at least 1.5 m wide *basin – slope(0.4 % - 0.5 %)
*One drain inlet - each 40 m2 of floor space Waste Management Structures Part 2:Agricultural solid waste-Composting(PAES 414)
*Boiler room-temperature of 80°C * agricultural solid waste- 20% solids
*Dressing area-illumination of 540 lux * Aerobic conditions- 5% oxygen * Temperature control-55°C
*Storage-illumination of 110 lux *Moisture content - maintained 50% - 60% to nourish the composting bacteria
*Inspector’s office-11 m2 for one inspector and 1.4 m2 for each additional inspector *Windrows-1 m – 2 m high and 2 m – 5 m wide at the base
Recommended dimension for slaughterhouse based on throughput Greenhouses(PAES 415)- north to south orientation *length not exceed 50 m
- over 15.25 m wide shall require a reinforced truss construction
*Benches-1.8 m wide(access from both sides) and 0.90 m wide(access from onesides)
* fixed benches - 66% - 75 % floor area while 90% for rolling benches
*Frames-loads up to 25 kg/ m2 and withstand max. wind gusts of 250 km/hr
* total vent area-(15%-25% of the floor area)
Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory(PAES 416)
Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2)
Outside the laboratory 100
General 200
Working table 500
Minimum distance from the carcass suspension contact point to the floor Growth room 100 - 1000
Animals Distance (m)) Fruit and Vegetable Storage(PAES 417) - 80 mm air plenum *Door-width 2.5 m
Cattle 3.7 *300 mm- Space(ceiling and stack)
Calves 2.7 Recommended insulation for refrigerated room
Sheep & Goat 2.4 Minimum R-Value
Swine 2.6 Ceiling 5 (R-30)
Poultry Dressing Plant(PAES 412) Wall 3.5 (R-20)
*Walls-2 m above the floor level shall be tiled Floor 1.76 (R- 10)
*Windows-installed with 16-mesh screen Primary Processing Plant for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable(PAES 418)=area of 20 m2/ton
*External door-1.8 m wide *Internal door-1.5 m wide Warehouse for Bagged Storage of Grains(PAES 419)-bag storage (44-50 kg)
Area Lighting intensity* lux (Lumen/m2) *standard pallet-152 cm x 61 cm *lighting-3 watts/m2
Holding area/wash area 100 *six blocks standard stack of 9.14m x 6m size.Each block is of the size 6m x 1.5m
Operating area *maximum piling - 7.3m x 21.9m x 4.5m *entrance-6 m wide and 4 m high
General 200 Number of cavans Dimensions
Working table 500 10,000 10 m x 30 m
Biogas Plant(PAES 413) - *biogas - 50 to 70 % methane and 30 to 40% carbon 50,000 20 m x 48 m
dioxide 100,000 25 m x 78 m
*mesophilic temperature rage - 20 °C – 40 °C 500,000 75 m x 142 m
*Inlet and outlet pipe-minimum diameter of 0.2 m Farm workshop and Machinery Shed(PAES 419)- 45 m to reduce fire hazard
*Balloon type-digester volume is 80% of the total digester volume(slope : 2.5%) *approach aprons - slope (3 % - 5 % away) *doorway - 3 m high and 3.7 m wide
- plastic tube shall be at least 200 microns *bench-width 0.8 m and 3 m long
Waste Management Structures Part 1: Agricultural Liquid Waste(PAES 414) *fan = 7 m3/min per vehicle
- constructed on soils with at least 15% clay content *grade-alley(1.25% - 5%) *For a welding area - 28 m3/min - 57 m3/min
Type of alley width *door height - clearance of 0.3 m above the tallest machinery
Scrape alley(dairy and beef cattle) 2.5 m - 4 m
(swine and poultry) 1 m - 2.5 m
Flush alley(any animal) 1m-3m