Q.P. CODE: 101010 Reg. No: ........................

First Year BSc Nursing Degree Supplementary Examinations, April 2012.

Anatomy
Time: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 75
Answer all questions
Draw diagram wherever necessary

ESSAYS: (2x10 = 20)

1. Describe Shoulder joint under the following headings: (3+3+4=10) • Type and articular surfaces of
bones • Relations • Ligaments

Type:
The shoulder joint is a synovial joint of the ball and socket variety.

Articular Surface:
The joint is formed by the articulation of scapula and head of the humerus, so it is also known as
glenohumeral articulation. Structurally it is a weak joint because the glenoid cavity is too small and
shallow to hold the head of the humerus in place.

Relations:
• Superiorly: Coracoacromial Arch, Subacromial Bursa, SuperaspinatusAnd Deltoid.
• Inferiorly: Long head of the triceps brachii.
• Anteriorly: Sub Scapulraris, Coracobrachialis, Short head of biceps and deltoid.
• Posteriorly: Infra Spinatus, Teres minor and deltoid.
• Within the joint: Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii.

Ligaments:
 i. The Capsular Ligament: It is very loose and permits free movements. It is least supported inferiorly
where dislocations are common.
ii. The Coracohumeral Ligament:It extends from the root of coracoids process to the neck of the
humerus, opposite the greater tubercle. It gives strength to the capsule.
iii. Transverse Humeral Ligament: It bridges the upper part of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The
tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passes deep to the ligament.
iv. The GlenoidalLabrum: It is a fibro cartilaginous rim which covers the margin of the glenoid cavity, thus
increasing the depth of the cavity.

2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of chambers of heart and describe coronary artery under the
following headings (3+2+3+2= 10) • Origin •Branches of right and left coronary arteries • Applied
Anatomy

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

Origin It arises from anterior aortic sinus.
Course • It first passes forwards and to the right
to emerge on the surface of the heart
between the root of the pulmonary
trunk and the right auricle.
• Then it runs downwards in the right
anterior coronary sulcus to the junction
of the right and inferior borders of the
heart.
• It winds round the inferior border to
reach the diaphragmatic surface of the
heart. Here it runs backwards and to
the left in the right posterior coronary
It arises from posterior aortic sinus.
• The artery first runs forwards and to the
left and emerges between the
pulmonary trunk and the left auricle.
Here it gives anterior inter-ventricular
branch which runs downwards in the
groove of the same. The further
continuation of the left coronary artery is
called the circumflex artery.
• After giving off the anterior inert-
ventricular branch, the artery runs to the
left in the left anterior coronary sulcus.
• It winds round the left border of the
 sulcus to reach the posterior inter- heart and continuous in the left posterior
ventricular groove. coronary sulcus.
• It terminates by anastomosing with the • It terminates by anastomosing with the
left coronary artery. right coronary artery near the posterior
inter-ventricular groove.
Branches Large Branches Small Branches Large Branches Small Branches
• Marginal • Nodal • Anterior • Left Atrial
• Posterior • Right Atrial Interventricular • Pulmonary
Interventricular • Infundibular • Large Diagonal • Terminal
• Termial Branch
Applied • Thrombosis of a coronary artery is a common cause of sudden death.
Anatomy • Incomplete obstruction caused anginapectoris.
• Coronary Angiography determines the sites of narrowing or occlusion of the coronary
arteries or their branches.
• Angioplasty helps in the removal of small blockage.
• If there are large segments or multiple sites of blockage, coronary bypass is done
using either great saphenus vein or internal thoracic artery as graft.