WINGS FLYING SCHOOL (e) No person may act as PIC or a co-pilot of a civil aircraft under IFR, or in

RULES AND REGULATIONS weather less than minimums for VFR, unless:
(1) For airplane, he holds instrument rating or ATPL with airplane rating.
Name: _________________________ Pers ID: ⃝⃝⃝⃝⃝⃝⃝ (2) For helicopter, he holds helicopter instrument rating or ATPL with
1. CASR 61 helicopter category and helicopter class rating.
LICENSING OF FOREIGN PILOT AND FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (FI) OUTSIDE
REP. OF INDONESIA (f) Upon request of Director General or his authorized representative, each
A non-Indonesian citizen shall be issued license under this part only when person who holds licenses or certificate shall present it for inspection.
Director General finds that pilot license is needed for operating Indonesian
registered aircraft or FI license needed for training Indonesians citizens. LICENSES AND RATINGS ISSUED
Two types of licenses are issued:
REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSES, RATINGS AND AUTHORIZATIONS - Pilot License
(a) No person may act as PIC or as required pilot flight crewmember of 1. Student Pilot 4. Commercial Pilot
Indonesian registered civil aircraft unless he has pilot license issued 2. Sport Pilot 5. Airline Transport Pilot
under this part. However, he may use pilot license issued by foreign 3. Private Pilot
country the aircraft is operated within. - Flight Instructor License

(b) No person may, within Republic of Indonesia, act as PIC or as required There are six aircraft ratings:
pilot flight crewmember of foreign registered civil aircraft unless he has - Aircraft Category Rating
pilot license issued under this part or pilot license issued or validated by 1. Aeroplane 3. Glider
foreign country the aircraft is registered. 2. Rotorcraft 4. Lighter-than-air
- Aeroplane Class Rating
(c) No person may act as PIC or as required pilot flight crewmember under 1. Single Engine Land 3. Single Engine Sea
pilot license issued under this part except he has appropriate medical 2. Multiengine Land 4. Multiengine Sea
certificate issued under part 67 (if his pilot license is foreign, he may use - Rotorcraft Class Rating
foreign medical certificate). 1. Helicopter 2. Gyroplane
- Lighter-than-air Class Rating
(d) No person, other than holder of FI License, may: 1. Airship 2. Free balloon
(1) Give flight instruction for solo flight, solo cross country, or FI - Aircraft Type Rating
Licensing or rating. 1. Large aircraft 3. Helicopters requiring ATPL
(2) Endorse pilot logbook. 2. Small turbojet aircraft 4. Other aircraft specified by Director General
(3) Endorse student pilot license/logbook for solo operating privileges. - Instrument Rating
1. Instrument Aeroplanes 2. Instrument Helicopter
TEMPORARY LICENSE CHANGE OF NAME
A temporary pilot or FI license, or rating, effective for 30 days, may be issued Documents required:
when applicant pending review of his qualification and issuance of permanent 1. Current pilot license
license or rating issued by Director General. 2. Copy of marriage license, court order, or any other documents verifying it
3. Check giro or post wesel for cost of replacement.
DURATION OF PILOT AND FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR LICENSES
- Any pilot license (other than SPL) has no expiration date. TESTS
- Expirable pilot license holder with may not use the license after it expires. WRITTEN TESTS
- Student Pilot License (SPL) expires at the end of the 24th calendar month PREREQUISITES (WHAT YOU NEED)
after the month in which the license is issued. - Show he has satisfactorily completed ground instruction for license sought
- FI license is effective only when holder has current pilot license and medical - Present personal identification
certificate. It expires at the end of the 24th calendar month after the month - Birth certificate for proof of age requirement
in which the license is issued.
- A pilot or FI license isn’t effective after surrender, suspension or revocation. PASSING GRADES
- Upon Director General’s request, any license suspended or revoked shall be - Specified by Director General for each booklet
returned to the Director General.
CHEATING AND UNAUTHORIZED CONDUCT
DURATION OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATES You should not:
- First-class medical certificate expires at the end of the last day of: - Copy or remove written test - Take test for another person
For ATPL/CPL: 6th calendar month after exam date on certificate - Give or receive to another, part of test - Use any aid during the test
For PPL/Sport/SPL: 12th calendar month after exam date on certificate - Give or receive help to another test taker - Assist in above acts
- Second-class medical certificate expires at the end of the last day of:
For PPL/Sport/SPL: 12th calendar month after exam date on certificate If he’s found guilty by Director General, the applicant is not eligible for pilot
or instructor license and cannot take the test for 1 year after date of the act.
REPLACEMENT OF LOST OR DESTROYED LICENSE
- Make application for replacement to DGAC with the following requirements: FLIGHT TEST
1. Name of person the license was issued, permanent mailing address, PREREQUISITES (WHAT YOU NEED)
date and place of birth of holder, and any other information of license. - Pass written test since beginning of 24th calendar month before he take test
2. Accompanied by check giro or post wesel for replacement cost to DGAC. - Have applicable instruction and aeronautical experience
3. Police report from local police office.
- Hold current appropriate medical certificate
- Make an application for replacement of medical certificate to DGAC,
Aviation Medical Center, accompanied by check giro or post wesel for cost. - Meets the age requirement
- A fax may be received and can be carried as temporary license for 60 days. - Written statement from licensed instructor that applicant has been given
flight instruction for flight test within past 60 days.
PILOT LOGBOOKS Night flying
The following information must be logged: To fly at night as PIC, within preceding 90 days he has to make 3 takeoffs and
General 3 landings carrying passengers in the period one hour after sunset to one
1. Date 3. Point of departure and arrival hour before sunrise.
2. Total time of flight 4. Type and identification of aircraft
STUDENT PILOTS
Type of training
1. Pilot in Command 4. Instrument flight instruction
2. Second in Command 5. Pilot ground training
3. Flight instruction 6. Other pilot time

Flight conditions
1. Day or night 3. Simulated instrument conditions
2. Actual instrument

LOGGING OF FLIGHT TIME

Pilot in Command
- For PPL and CPL: Flight time is when he (i) is the sole manipulator of aircraft
controls, (ii) sole occupant or (iii) is the PIC of aircraft
requiring more than one pilot.
- For ATPL: All flight time when he is PIC and flight instructor
- For instructors: All flight time during flight instruction

Second in command
Flight time’s when he’s second in command in aircraft of more than one pilot.

Instrument flight time

Flight time’s when he operates aircraft solely by reference to instruments
under actual or simulated instrument conditions.

RECENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE FOR PILOR IN COMMAND

General
To fly as PIC, he has to make 3 takeoffs and 3 landings within the preceding
90 days as sole manipulator if aircraft of same type.
2. CASR 91 PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES
RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF PIC No person may operate any portable electronic devices on:
- Responsible for and has final authority on operation of an aircraft 1: Aircraft operated by holder of Air Carrier Operator Certificate or
- PIC may deviate any rule under part 91 in an in-flight emergency Commercial Operator Certificate, or
- Each PIC shall send written report when deviate from the rule upon 2: Any aircraft operated under IFR
request of the Director General. Except for:
1. Portable voice recorders 4. Electric shavers
CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS 2. Hearing aids 5. Any other devices considered will
No person may operate civil aircraft unless it’s airworthy. PIC is responsible 3. Heart pacemakers not cause interference
to determine aircraft is in condition for safe flight.
DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED
PROHIBITION AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH CREWMEMBER Original documents or verified true copies of the following must be carried:
No one may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with crewmember in 1. Certificate of Registration 5. Aircraft Radio Permit
the performance of the crew’s duties aboard the aircraft. 2. Certificate of Airworthiness 6. Third Party Liability Insurance
3. Noise Certificate Certificate
CARELESS OR RECKLESS OPERATION 4. Operation Specification 7. Journey Logbook
No person shall operate an aircraft for air navigations or operations on any
part of the airport in reckless manner to endanger person’s life or property Also valid crew license with appropriate ratings should be carried by crew.

DROPPING OBJECTS B – FLIGHT RULES

No person shall create hazards to persons/property on surface by dropping
object from aircraft in flight except there is insurance to avoid injury or
damage to persons or property.
ALCOHOLS OR DRUGS
(a) No person may act as crewmember of a civil aircraft:
- Within 8 hours after consuming alcohol
- While intoxicated
- While using drug that affects person’s faculties contrary to safety
- While having 0.04% by weight or more alcohol in blood
FLIGHT CREW AT STATIONS
- During takeoff, enroute, and landing each required crewmember shall
(i) Be at station unless absence is needed to perform duties for aircraft
operation, or due to physiological needs.
(ii) Keep safety belt fastened while at station.
- During takeoff and landing, each required crewmember shall keep
shoulder harness fastened while at station, except if:
(i) The seat is not equipped with shoulder harness.
(ii) The crew would be unable to perform duty with shoulder harness.

(b) Except in emergency, no pilot may allow a person intoxicated or who

demonstrates by physical indications that the individual is on drugs to
be carried on aircraft.
OPERATION NEAR OTHER AIRCRAFT
No person may operate an aircraft:
- So close to another that creates collision hazard.
- In formation flight, except by arrangement with PIC of each aircraft.
- In formation flight while carrying passengers.
However, towing/refueling aircraft has right of way
over all other engine driven aircraft.
- Coming head-on: Each aircraft alters course to the right to clear traffic.

RIGHT OF WAY: AIRBORNE OPERATIONS

When weather permits (clear), vigilance shall be maintained by each flight
crew on aircraft to see and avoid other aircraft. If the rule in this section
gives other aircraft right of way, you should not pass over, under or ahead - Overtake: Each aircraft being overtaken has right of way. Pilot overtaking
If there is: shall alter course to right.
- Distress aircraft: Distress aircraft has right of way over all other air traffic.

-
- Landing: Aircraft on final approach/when landing have right of way over
aircraft in flight or on ground. However they shouldn’t take
advantage to force aircraft just landed off runway surface.
- Converging risk: If same aircraft category, aircraft to the other’s right has
right of way. However, towing/refueling aircraft has
right of way over all other engine driven aircraft.

- Converging risk: If different aircraft category:

1. Balloon has right of way over any aircraft category
2. Glider has right of way over airship/airplane/rotorcraft
3. Airship has right of way over airplane/rotorcraft
- Landing: When 2 or more aircraft approach an airport for landing, aircraft ALTIMETER SETTING
at lower altitude has right of way. However they shouldn’t take Within Indonesia FIR, your altimeter must be set, when operating:
advantage overtake another aircraft on final approach to land. POSITION ALTITUDE ALTIMETER SETTING
Below Current altimeter setting of station
RIGHT OF WAY: WATER OPERATIONS Within 135oE to east 18000ft MSL along route within 100nm of aircraft
Each flight crew on aircraft on water shall keep clear all vessels and avoid of Indonesia FIR At/Above
29.92 in Hg or 1013.2 mb
18000ft MSL
impeding their navigation. If there is:
Below Current altimeter setting of station
- Crossing: If aircrafts, or an aircraft and a vessel, on crossing course, o
Within 135 E to west 11000ft MSL along route within 100nm of aircraft
aircraft/vessel to the other’s right has right of way. of Indonesia FIR At/Above
- Coming head-on: If aircrafts, or an aircraft and vessel, approach head-on, 29.92 in Hg or 1013.2 mb
13000ft MSL
each shall alter course to right.
- Overtaking: Aircraft/vessel being overtaken has right of way. Overtaking COMPLIANCE WITH/FOLLOWING ATC CLEARANCE AND INSTRUCTIONS
traffic shall alter course to keep clear. IF WHAT YOU SHOULD DO
ATC Clearance has Do not deviate from clearance except ATC gives
AIRSPEED been obtained amended clearance.
- Below 10,000 feet MSL, unless authorized by ATC in Class A/B airspace, Position is in Class A Do not cancel IFR.
Pilot may deviate (disregard) from ATC clearance and
IAS must be below 250 knots.
notify ATC of the deviation ASAP.
- At or below 2,500 feet AGL within 4nm of airport of Class C/D airspace, In emergency
If ATC requests a report of deviation, submit it within
unless authorized by ATC, IAS must be below 200 knots. 48 hours.
- At airspace underlying Class B area designated for airport or VFR corridor Instruction is issued Do not use that clearance; only use clearances given
through Class B airspace, IAS must be below 200 knots. for other airplane for you.
- If aircraft minimum safe airspeed > maximum speed prescribed, aircraft
may be operated at that minimum speed. ATC LIGHT SIGNAL
Meaning for
Color
MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE (MSA) Aircraft on ground Aircraft in flight
Except for takeoff or landing, the MSA: Steady green Clear for takeoff Clear to land
Return for landing (later
POSITION MINIMUM ALTITUDE HORIZONTAL SPACING Flashing green Clear to taxi
followed by steady green)
1000 ft above highest
Over congested area 600 m radius of aircraft Give way to other aircraft
obstacle Steady red Stop
and continue circling
Over other than 500 ft above highest Minimum 200 m away
Flashing red Clear runway in use Airport unsafe – don’t land
congested area obstacle from person/structure
Return to starting point Land at this airport, proceed
Flashing white
(e.g. parking stand) to apron
AIRSPACE OPERATIONS
1. Class G
TURNINGS
- If you want to land at airport without control power, only make left
turns unless airport display signals to turn right.
FLAP SETTING
- PIC of civil turbojet aircraft must use minimum certified landing flap
according to Airplane Flight Manual for landing, except other setting
is needed for safe operation of aircraft.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
- In aerodrome with operational control tower, two-way radio
communication must be established ASAP and maintained before
maneuvering to, from, through or on an airport.
COMMUNICATION FAILURE
- In aerodrome with operational control tower, if radio fails, operate
aircraft and land by maintaining visual contact with tower and
obtaining landing clearance.
2. Class E
DEPARTURE
- Each aircraft comply any special departure traffic pattern of airport.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
- In aerodrome with operational control tower, two-way radio
communication must be established ASAP and maintained before
maneuvering to, from, through or on an airport.
COMMUNICATION FAILURE
- In aerodrome with operational control tower, if radio fails, operate
aircraft and land by maintaining visual contact with tower and
obtaining landing clearance.
3. Class D
DEFINITION OF PRIMARY AND SATELLITE AIRPORT
- Primary airport is airport where Class D area is designated. Satellite
airport is any other airport within the Class D airspace.
DEVIATION
- Aircraft may deviate from any provision under ATC authorization.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
- Aircraft on arrival or in through flight, pilot must establish and
maintain two-way radio communication with ATC of that airspace
before entering and while within that airspace.
- Aircraft departing from primary airport, pilot must establish and
maintain two-way radio communication with ATC within airspace.
- Aircraft departing from satellite airport, pilots establish and maintain
two-way radio communication with ATC of Class D airspace ASAP.
COMMUNICATION FAILURE
- If VFR flight encounters comm. failure, PIC may operate aircraft and
land if (i) weather at/above VFR minimums, (ii) maintain visual
contact with tower and (iii) landing clearace is received.
MINIMUM ALTITUDE
- Large/turbine-powered airplane enter traffic pattern at, and maintain
at, 1500 feet above airport elevation until descent is required.
- If ILS approach is made, maintain altitude above glideslope between
outer and middle marker.
- If airplane approach with Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI),
maintain altitude above glideslope until lower altitude is necessary.
APPROACH
- In airplane, each pilot must circle airport to the left.
DEPARTURE
- Each pilot complies with SID of that airport.
- Pilot of turbine-powered/large airplane climb to 1500 feet AGL ASAP.
TAKEOFF, TAXI, LANDING CLEARANCE
- You must obtain ATC clearance to takeoff, land or taxi.
- “Taxi to” assigned takeoff runway is NOT a clearance to cross takeoff
runway or taxi on that runway, but is a clearance to cross other
runways intersecting taxi route to that runway.
- “Taxi to __” other than other assigned takeoff runway is clearance to
cross runways intersecting taxi route to that point.
4. Class C preceding 90 days for solo flight in Class B; and (iii) the logbook
DEFINITION OF PRIMARY AND SATELLITE AIRPORT specifies the student pilot is competent for solo flight operations.
- Primary airport is airport where Class C area is designated. Satellite COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS
airport is any other airport within the Class C airspace. OPERATION INSTRUMENT REQUIREMENTS
TRAFFIC PATTERN IFR Operation Operable VOR or TACAN receiver
- You CANNOT take off and land at satellite airport within Class C Operable radio for two-way communications with
All Operations
except according to arrival and departure patterns. ATC for frequencies in Class B area
TRANSPONDER REQUIREMENTS
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
- Aircraft has to have transponder with Mode C capability that reports
- Aircraft on arrival or in through flight, pilot must establish and
pressure altitude information in 100-foot increments (intervals).
maintain two-way radio communication with ATC of that airspace
before entering and while within that airspace.
6. Class A
- Aircraft departing from primary/satellite airport, pilot must establish
Operations in Class A MUST use INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR)
and maintain two-way communication with ATC in Class C.
CLEARANCE
- Aircraft departing from satellite airport, pilots establish and maintain
- You can operate in Class A only when clearance is received from ATC
two-way radio communication with ATC of Class C airspace ASAP.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED (NEEDED)
- Aircraft in Class A, pilot must be equipped with radio capable for
- Aircraft has to have transponder with Mode C capability that reports
two-way communication with ATC while within that Class A airspace
pressure altitude information in 100-foot increments (intervals).
TRANSPONDER REQUIREMENT
DEVIATION
- Aircraft has to have transponder with Mode C capability that reports
- Aircraft may deviate from any provision under ATC authorization.
pressure altitude information in 100-foot increments (intervals).
ATC AUTHORIZATIONS
5. Class B
- Aircraft may deviate from any provision under ATC authorization.
- In Class B, a person must comply with class D rules, plus:
1. He receives ATC clearance from ATC having responsibility of that
JOURNEY LOGBOOK
area before operating an aircraft there.
The aircraft journey log shall contain the following:
2. Operator of large turbine engine-powered airplane to or from
1. Aircraft registration and nationality 5. Purpose of flight
primary airport of Class B must fly at/above floors of Class B area
2. Date 6. Observations of flight
within lateral limits of that area.
3. Crewmember names and duties 7. Signature of PIC
3. Pilot training operations must comply with given ATC procedures.
4. Departure and arrival points and times
PILOT REQUIREMENTS
- If a person wants to fly in Class B, he has to hold at least PPL. If he’s a
student pilot or recreational pilot looking for PPL, he has to have
(i) received ground and flight instruction from authorized instructor
for the Class B airspace; (ii) logbook has been endorsed within
VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (VFR)
FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR VFR FLIGHTS
- Under day VFR, there’s enough fuel to fly to first point of intended NIGHT VFR
landing and to fly normal cruise speed after that for 30 minutes. Night VFR is prohibited unless authorized by the Director.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUMS INFORMATION REQUIRED
The flight visibility and distance from clouds must NOT be less than: 1. The aircraft identification number and, if necessary, its radio call sign.
Airspace Flight Visibility Distance from Clouds 2. The type of the aircraft.
Class A IFR ONLY IFR ONLY 3. The full name and address of the pilot in command
Above 10000 feet: 8 km Clear of clouds 4. The point and proposed time of departure.
Class B
Below 10000 feet: 5 km 5. The proposed route, cruising altitude and true airspeed at the altitude.
Above 10000 feet: 8 km 1000 feet above 6. The first intended landing point and estimate time gone to the point.
Class C Below 10000 feet: 5 km 1000 feet above 7. The amount of fuel on board (in hours).
1500 meters horizontal 8. The number of persons in the aircraft
Above 10000 feet: 8 km 1000 feet above 9. Any other information the PIC or ATC think necessary for ATC purposes.
Class D Below 10000 feet: 5 km 1000 feet above
1500 meters horizontal CANCELLING VFR
Above 10000 feet: 8 km 1000 feet above - If flight plan activated, PIC shall notify appropriate ATC facility to cancel it
Class E Below 10000 feet: 5 km 1000 feet above
1500 meters horizontal VFR CRUISING ALTITUDE
Above 10000 feet: 8 km 1000 feet above BELOW 20000 FEET` ABOVE FL 200
Below 10000 feet: 5 km 1000 feet above
Class F
Higher than 3000 feet AMSL: 5 km 1500 meters horizontal
or 1000 feet AGL in sight Clear of Clouds
Above 10000 feet: 8 km 1000 feet above
Below 10000 feet: 5 km 1000 feet above
Class G
Higher than 3000 feet AMSL: 5 km 1500 meters horizontal
or 1000 feet AGL in sight Clear of Clouds

SPECIAL VFR
Only be conducted with ATC clearance and clear of clouds. Takeoff and
landing require 1 statute mile of ground visibility.
FL 200 IS NOT USABLE
VFR FLIGHT SHOULD NOT BE AT OR ABOVE FL 290
 INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR) DO NOT USE FL 200
FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR IFR FLIGHTS FOR FLIGHTS FROM FL 210 INCLUSIVE TO FL 290:
- Under IFR, there’s enough fuel to fly to first point of intended landing, TRACK REMARKS
o o o o
then fly alternate airport, and fly cruise speed after that for 45 minutes. 000 – 179 180 – 359
FL 210 FL 220 Flight Level at 2000
FL 230 FL 240 feet intervals
INFORMATION REQUIRED
FL 250 FL 260
1. The aircraft identification number and, if necessary, its radio call sign. FL 270 FL 280
2. The type of the aircraft. ABOVE FL 290 INCLUSIVE WITHIN NON RVSM DESIGNATED ROUTE:
3. The full name and address of the pilot in command TRACK REMARKS
o o o o
4. The point and proposed time of departure. 000 – 179 180 – 359
5. The proposed route, cruising altitude and true airspeed at the altitude. FL 290 FL 310 Flight Level at 4000
6. The first intended landing point and estimate time gone to the point. FL 330 FL 350 feet intervals
7. The amount of fuel on board (in hours). FL 370 FL 390
8. The number of persons in the aircraft. FL 410 FL 430
9. Alternate airport FL 450 FL 470
FL 490 etc. FL 510 etc.
MINIMUM ALTITUDE ABOVE FL 290 UP TO FL 410 INCLUSIVE WITHIN NON RVSM DESIGNATED
- If over mountainous area, fly 2000 feet above highest obstacle within ROUTE:
horizontal distance of 4 nautical miles from course to be flown. TRACK REMARKS
o o o o
000 – 179 180 – 359
- If any other case, fly 1000 feet above highest obstacle within horizontal
FL 290 FL 300 Flight level at 2000
distance of 4 nautical miles from course to be flown. FL 310 FL 320 ft intervals up to
FL 330 FL 340 and include FL 410,
IFR CRUISING FLIGHT LEVEL FL 350 FL 360 at 4000 ft intervals
- In controlled airspace, aircraft fly at altitude assigned to him by ATC. FL 370 FL 380 above FL410
- In uncontrolled airspace: FL 390 FL 400
TRACK REMARKS FL 410
000o – 089o 090o – 179o 180o – 269o 270o – 359o ABOVE FL 290 UP TO FL 410 INCLUSIVE WITHIN RVSM DESIGNATED ROUTE:
3000 3500 4000 4500 IFR Cruise Altitude TRACK REMARKS
o o o o
5000 5500 6000 6500 000 – 179 180 – 359
7000 7500 8000 8500 FL 290 FL 300 Flight level at 2000
9000 9500 10000 10500 FL 310 FL 320 ft intervals up to
11000 11500 12000 12500 FL 330 FL 340 and include FL 410,
13000 13500 14000 14500 FL 350 FL 360 at 4000 ft intervals
15000 15500 16000 16500 FL 370 FL 380 above FL410
17000 17500 18000 18500 FL 390 FL 400
19000 19500 - - FL 410
C – SPECIAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS
AEROBATIC FLIGHT
Aerobatic flight is prohibited:
1. Over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement
2. Over an open air assembly of persons
3. In lateral boundaries surface of Class B, C, F, or G designated for airport
4. Within 4 nautical miles of the centerline of any airway
5. Below an altitude of 1,500 feet above the surface
6. When flight visibility is less than 3 statute miles (4.8 km).

FLIGHT TEST AREAS

Flight test permitted over open water or sparsely populated areas.

TOWING OBJECTS
Pilot must follow Letter of Deviation issued by the Director.