Mheven B.

Francisco Research
Grade 8- Andrew Wiles Teacher: Mr. John Arbel Braza
Quarter 2, Week 5-6

Malunggay Leaves and Chili (Capsicum annuum) Fruit Extract as Biopesticide

Related Literature:
Malunggay Leaves
Moringa Oleifera (family Moringaceae) is the only genus which is cultivated most
widely, and can grow fast with very less amount of water. According to Ruchita H. (2017) some
of its common names are drumstick tree, horseradish tree and benzoil tree. Moringa is rich in
nutritional values, having around 40 antioxidants, mineral contents and vitamins such as A, B, C,
D, E and K. This plant is also in native to northern India but is now found throughout the tropics.
According to Brilhante et al. (2017), moringa leaves can be used to relieve
headaches, to stop bleeding from a swallow cut, as a natural pesticide and against bacterial or
fungal skin complaints due to its anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. Its chemical
constituents have been analyzed for the presence of bioactive compounds, demonstrating the
predominance of secondary metabolites, acid, glucosinolates, flavonoids, quercetin, vanillin and
kaempferol, which have nutritional pharmaceutical or antimicrobial properties.

Chili
According to Orobiyi A. (2015), chili pepper constitutes one of more consumed
spices in the world. It is very sought after in the pharmaceutical industries for its richness in
capsaicin and in vitamin C. Chili is also known for its richness in absorbic acid, a very essential
antioxidant for human nutrition and proper functioning of the body.
In the Philippines, finger pepper, siling pangsigang or siling haba, is a long
yellowish green chili with 4 to 6 inches long, about ¾ inch diameter at the stem end. Just like
siling labuyo, siling haba also belong to the species of Capsicum annuum. However, its hotness
only ranged from mild to medium mild (Apeel Drama Group, 2020).
According to Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (2016), Capsicum annuum (chili
pepper) contains a variety of carotenoids, capsorubin, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein,
phytofluene, xanthophyl, steroids and capsicoside. Moreover, one of its the main constituents is
capsaicin which can produce an intense burning sensation when it comes into contact with the
skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Mheven B. Francisco Research
Grade 8- Andrew Wiles Teacher: Mr. John Arbel Braza
Quarter 2, Week 5-6

Related Studies:
Malunggay Leaves
According to Fahey (2015), moringa leaf extracts have positive result as a
biopesticide on different fungal, microbial and pest diseases. On the other hand, some researches
evidence shows that some natural substances in the moringa tree, such as the leaves can be useful
source of antimicrobial properties in organic vegetable production (Ali et al., 2004).
According to Fuglie (2000), malunggay leaf content is varied based on the way of
extract processing, either drying or fresh. Since moringa leaves are losing some contents such as
vitamin C and bioactive compounds during the drying procedure, the other contents like
carbohydrates and minerals increased.

Chili
Capsaicin is the pungent principle of hot peppers and one of the best-known
natural compounds. Study shown that capsaicin has an influence on physiological and
biochemical processes of humans, animals, and recently plants as biopesticide.
Phytochemical studies of Capsicum annuum L. increase the application of
secondary metabolites in pharmacy, food technology and medicine. According to Abbott (2013),
the content of capsaicin was evaluated spectrophotometrically, and the ability of capsaicin for
acting as biopesticide was calculated.
Mheven B. Francisco Research
Grade 8- Andrew Wiles Teacher: Mr. John Arbel Braza
Quarter 2, Week 5-6

References:

[1] Ruchita, H. and Sharda, K. (2017). Moringa Oleifera: The Miracle Tree. Retrieved on
February 9, 2021 from https://www.ijariit.com/manuscripts/v3i6/V3I6-1400.pdf
[2] Brilhante et al. (2017). Research advances on the multiple uses of Moringa oleifera: A
sustainable alternative for socially neglected population. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical
Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 7, Retrieved on February 9, 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764516307143
[3] Orobiyi, A. (2018). Capsaicin and Ascorbic Acid Content in the High Yielding Chili Pepper
(Capsicum annuum L.) Landraces of Nothern Benin. Retrieved on February 9, 2021 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322554031_Capsaicin_and_Ascorbic_Acid_Content_i
n_the_High_Yielding_Chili_Pepper_Capsicum_annuum_L_Landraces_of_Northern_Benin
[4] Apeel drama Group. (2020). Siling haba in english. Retrieved on February 9, 2021 from
https://apeeldramagroup.co.uk/hxsihjoa/viewtopic.php?e7ee55=siling-haba-in-english
[5] Aronson, J.K. (2016). Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition). Retrieved on
February 9, 2021 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-
sciences/capsicum-annuum
[6] Khoshnaw, A. and Hajos, M. (2020). Study on moringa tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf
extract in organic vegetable production: A review. Retrieved on February 9, 2021 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342466722_Study_on_moringa_tree_Moringa_oleifera
_Lam_leaf_extract_in_organic_vegetable_production_A_review
[7] Gudeva, L. (2013). Content of capsaicin extracted from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum ssp.
microcarpum L.) and its use as an ecopesticide. Retrieved on February 9, 2021 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257582302_Content_of_capsaicin_extracted_from_hot
_pepper_Capsicum_annuum_ssp_microcarpum_L_and_its_use_as_an_ecopesticide