Prepared by

AVVARI SREENIVASA RAO,

JUNIOR LECTURER IN PHYSICS,

Dr.V.S.KRISHNA GOVT. JUNIOR COLLEGE (B),

VISAKHAPATNAM.
 * 2 Marks Questions *
1. PHYSICAL WORLD
1. What is physics ?
A. Physics is the study of basic laws of nature and their manifestation in different natural
phenomenon.
2. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman?
A: C.V. Raman discovered Raman Effect. It deals with scattering of light by molecules of a medium
when they are excited to vibrational energy levels.
3. What are the fundamental forces in Nature?
A: 1) Gravitational Force 2) Electromagnetic Force 3) Strong Nuclear Force and 4) Weak Nuclear
Force
4. Which of the following has Symmetry?
(a) Acceleration due to Gravity (b) Law of Gravitation
A: Law of Gravitation.
5. What is the contribution of S. Chandrasekhar to Physics?
A: Chandrasekhar limit. He worked on structure and evolution of stars.

2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS

6. Distinguish between accuracy and precision?
A:
Accuracy Precision
1) It is the closeness of the measured value 1) It is the closeness of the measured values
to the true value. of repeated measurements.

2) It depends on the minimization of 2) It depends on the least count of the

errors in the measurement. measuring instrument.

7. What are the different types of errors that can occur in a measurement?
A: The errors can be broadly classified as
a) Systematic Errors b) Random Errors c) Gross Errors.
8. How systematic errors be minimised or eliminated?
A: Systematic errors can be minimised by improving experimental techniques, selecting better
instruments and removing personal bias as far as possible.
9. Distinguish between fundamental units and derived units?
A: Fundamental Units:
The units of fundamental quantities like length, mass, time etc. are called fundamental units.
Derived Units:
The units of derived quantities like velocity, force etc. is called as derived units.
10. Why do we have different units for the same physical quantity?
A: The order of magnitude of a measurable physical quantity differs significantly.
Ex. Inter-atomic distances are of the order of angstroms and interstellar distances are of the order of
light years.
3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
11. The states of motion and rest are relative. Explain?
A. Rest:
A body is said to be at rest if it occupies the same position for any length of time, with respect to its
surroundings.
 Motion:
A body is said to be in motion if it occupies different positions at different time intervals with
respect to its surroundings.
Ex: A person travelling in a bus is at rest with respect to the co-passenger and he is in motion
with respect to the person on the road. Hence rest and motion are relative.
12. How is average velocity different from instantaneous velocity?
A. Average Velocity:
It is the ratio of its total displacement of the body and the total time taken for that displacement.
Total displacement
average velocity = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Instantaneous velocity:
It is the velocity of the body at any instant of time.
13. Give an example where the velocity of an object is zero but its acceleration is not zero?
A. At the highest point of a vertically projected body, velocity is zero but it is still under acceleration
due to gravity.
4. MOTION IN A PLANE
14. What is the acceleration of projectile at the top if its trajectory?
A: a = g and it is directed vertically downwards.

5. LAWS OF MOTION

15. What is inertia? What gives the measure of inertia?

A. If the net external force is zero, a body at rest continues to be at rest and a body in motion continues
to move with uniform velocity. This property of a body is called inertia. Mass is the measure of
inertia.
16. According to Newton’s third law, every force is accompanied by an equal and opposite force.
How can a movement ever take place?
A. Action and reaction act on two different bodies. Hence movement of each body is due to either action
or reaction.
17. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun gives a kick in the backward direction. Explain.
A. This is due to the law of conservation of linear momentum. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the
gun moves back due to reaction. This is called the recoil of the gun.
18. Why does a heavy rifle not recoil as strongly as a light rifle using the same cartridges?
𝑚𝑣
A. From the law of conservation of momentum MV = mv ⇒ V =
𝑀
Hence a heavy rifle does not recoil as strongly as a light rifle because of its heavy mass.
19. Can the coefficient of friction be greater than one?
A. . In general, coefficient of friction is less than one. For a heavily polished surface the frictional
force increases due to the increase of inter atomic forces. In such a case coefficient of friction
will be greater than one.
20. Why does the car with flattened tyre stop sooner than the one with inflated tyres?
A. Flattened tyre has more area of contact with the road. Hence rolling friction increases and there by a
car with flattened tyre stops sooner.
21. A horse has to pull harder during the start of the motion than later. Explain?
A. Static friction is more than kinetic friction. Hence the horse has to pull the cart harder during start of
the cart.
22. What happens to the coefficient of friction, if the weight of the body is doubled?
A. Coefficient of friction remains same as it is independent of weight of the body.
 7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
23. Is it necessary that a mass should be present at the centre of mass of any system?
A. No, it is not necessary that a mass should be present at the centre of mass of any system.
Ex: For a uniform circular ring the centre of mass lies at the centre of the ring where there is no
mass.
24. Why are spokes provided in a bicycle wheel?
A. The spokes to the cycle wheel increases the moment of inertia due to the increase in the distribution
of mass. This opposes the change in the rotary motion of the wheel. Thus spokes fitted to the cycle
wheel gives a steady motion.
25. We cannot open or close the door by applying force at the hinges. Why?
A. Torque (τ ) = r × F = rF sin θ
1
rsin θ ∝ (∵τ = constant )
𝐹
If the force is applied at the hinge, then r = 0 .Hence force required to rotate the door becomes
infinity.
26. By spinning eggs on a table top, how will you distinguish a hardboiled egg from a raw egg?
A. When the raw egg is rotated on a table top, the liquid in it move away from the axis of rotation due
to centrifugal force. Hence moment of inertia increases and angular velocity decreases It comes to
rest quickly. But the boiled egg rotates more time.

11.MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

27. Define average pressure. Mention its units and dimensional formula. Is it a scalar or vector?
A. Average Pressure:
The normal force exerted by fluid at rest per unit area of the surface in contact with it, is called
average pressure of liquid.
If F be the normal force acting on a surface of area A in contact with fluid ,then pressure exerted by
liquid on this surface is P = F/A
Units : N/m2 or Pascal (S.I.)
28. What is Magnus Effect?
A. When a sphere or cylinder moves in still air while spinning about an axis perpendicular to the
direction of its motion, its curved path is more curved than when it is moving without spinning.
This is called Magnus effect.
29. Why are drops and bubbles are spherical?
A. For a given volume, sphere has minimum surface area due to surface tension. Hence small rain
drops are spherical in nature. Similarly bubbles are also spherical.
30. Give an expression for the excess pressure in a liquid drop?
2𝑇
A. Excess pressure in a liquid drop P =
𝑟
Where T = Surface tension and r = radius of drop.
31. Give an expression for the excess pressure for the soap bubble?
4𝑇
A. Excess pressure inside a soap bubble in air P =
𝑟
Where T = Surface tension and r = radius of soap bubble.
32. What is Angle of Contact?
A. The angle made by the tangent drawn to the surface of the liquid at the point of contact of the liquid
with the solid surface, measured inside the liquid is known as the angle of contact.
33. Mention any two examples that obey Bernoulli's theorem and. justify them.
A. Applications:
1) Dynamic lift on aeroplane wing:
The aeroplane wing (or) airfoil is more curved at the top. Hence velocity is more and pressure
is less at the top. At bottom velocity is less. Hence pressure is more at bottom. Due to this
 pressure difference aeroplane experiences a dynamic lift.
2) Magnus effect:
When a sphere or cylinder moves in still air while spinning about an axis perpendicular to the
direction of its motion, its curved path is more curved than when it is moving without
spinning. This is called Magnus effect.

12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

34. Distinguish between heat and temperature?

A.
Heat Temperature
1) Heat is a form of energy. 1) It is the degree of hotness or coldness contained
in a body.
2) Heat is the source. 2) Temperature is the effect
3) Unit of heat energy is Joule 3) Unit of temperature is centigrade
35. Why gap are left between rails on a railway track?
A. A gap should be left between two successive rails to allow for linear expansion of the rails in
summer.
36. Why do liquids have no linear and areal Expansions?
A. Liquids do not have a specific size or shape. The shape of a liquid depends on the shape of the
container. Hence the liquids do not have linear and areal expansions.
37. What is latent of heat of fusion?
A. At constant temperature, the quantity of heat required to change unit mass of substance from solid
state to liquid state is called latent heat of fusion.
38. Why utensils are coated black? Why the bottoms of the utensils are made of Copper?
A. i) Black surface is a good absorber and good emitter. Hence utensils are coated black.
ii) Copper is a good conductor of heat .Hence copper is used at the bottom of cooking utensils.
39. State Wein’s displacement Law?
A. The wavelength λm corresponding to maximum energy emitted by a black body is inversely
1
proportional to its absolute temperature. λm ∝ λm T= constant.
𝑇
The value of constant is 2.9x10 -3 mK.This is called Wein’s displacement law.
40. Ventilators provided in rooms just below the roof. Why?
A. Ventilators are placed below the roof in rooms to allow hot air to escape.
41. State Newton’s Law of Cooling?
A. The rate of fall of temperature of a body is proportional to the excess mean temperature of the body
𝑑𝑄
over the surroundings. ∝ ( T – TS )
𝑑𝑡
41. State the conditions under which Newton's law of cooling is applicable?
A. Conditions: Newton’s law of cooling is applicable when
(i) Heat lost by the body is mainly by convection.
(ii) The hot body is cooled in uniformly stream lined flow of air or forced convection.
(iii) The temperature of every part of the body is same.
42. The roof buildings are often painted white during summer. Why?
A. The roof buildings are often painted white during summer, because white is a poor absorber.

14. KINETIC THEORY

43. Define Mean Free Path?
A. The distance travelled by a gas molecule between two successive collisions is known as free path.
44. When does a real gas behaves like an Ideal Gas?
A. A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at low pressure and high temperature.
45. State Boyle’s law and Charles’ law?
A. Boyle’s Law:
At constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas in inversely proportional to its pressure.
If P and V be the pressure and volume of a given mass of gas at constant temperature T, then
PV = a constant.
Charles’ Law at Constant Pressure:
At constant Pressure, the volume of given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature.
If V is the volume and T is the absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure, then
𝑉
= constant.
𝑇
Charles’ Law at Constant Volume:
At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature.
If P is pressure and T is the absolute temperature of a given mass of a gas, then
𝑃
= Constant
𝑇
46. State Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure ?
A. Dalton’s law of Partial Pressure:
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases in a vessel is equal to the sum of the
individual pressures which each gas exerts if it alone occupied the same volume at a given
temperature.
For n gases P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ………. + Pn
Where P = pressure exerted by mixture and P1 ,P2 ,P3 , ..... Pn = partial pressure of component gases.
47. What is the expression between pressure and kinetic energy of a gas molecule?
A. If P is the pressure and E is the kinetic energy
1 2 𝐸
P = nmΰ2 => P = x
3 3 𝑉
The pressure of a gas is numerically equal to two-thirds of the mean kinetic energy per unit
volume of the molecules.

**************