Capacitors 2 2022

By
Shyam Mohan Bhaiya
 Basics
of Circuits .

¥wÉ Ohm's Law

.

K C
1) L
V=IR

2) It V L

3) If a branch carries zero current

,
then
it can be removed .& thrown
away
without
disturbing remaining circuit .

4) If two
junctions are at same potential,
they can be
merged/joined together .

5) or
/pale ( concept of short dkt)
wire
.

to Vp=Va can be
anything
• I =

p I Q .

up -
Va=vR
Up Va
- = ICO) = 0

but I have
up¥-0
tan
any value
.

depending on
remaining
ckt .

All points for or

wirepath are at

same potential You remain at same

.

potential if you walk along zero

resistance path .
 →
sheathe circuit is name for or wire or

zero resistance path .

B
→ gf A and are
joined or connected
wire
by a OR
,
we
say
AaB areshnttiruited .

What is short-circuit current

of a cell ?
find T-cell if terminals are

④
ABÑ " ""
or
,
short-circuited .

Odile Ise __§= very high .

"
er :-[ 10A
=
= -

if r=lr .

¥¥ÉÉ
Rñ short-circuited .

0 ✗ R
Rhet =
= 0A
Its
.

0A
i=¥pI=
.

No current will flow through R .

I R can be removed d. turn

¥ÉyI
away .
?⃝
6) Wheatstone Network ( 5 resistances each
)
ÑÑ2
non-zero .

A-pzfyy.BG?I--R&gEip--Ya Ipo=0
a
REED .
.

T-ri-Y.FI;%=0 .

§MR2 =
Ri

ftp.ffrrs
Rz

ALF Rs RY .

•
*
I
=

RAB RAB
 Fx -51--1=>4'RE 'm)
É Rape
or .

v1 'ñ+ki¥d
? > • .
of •

g-
°
B

VA _Yz=V volts .
A IL Ri R2 123
> Ory
or wine across A&P
vA=Y☒ A&Q
•
-

B&Q Can be
Yz=Vp
-
- - -

joined
-

Redraw
=
.Ckt .

Bipcanbejriued .

terminals lend points) (extreme

.

First draw
points
-

Then draw other junctions Then draw resistances

.

÷÷#*÷÷IÉÉ÷⇐
.

went
act
¥ Rs
.

simplified .

or branches are not visible here because

they have been
squeezed into point .

vk.H-ri-trdxonilk.tk/.-*a.ETErE
YRI R
on

Y
,

É÷F→T¥%w÷¥¥
 RAE ?
F. F. E. =¥Eb
" "

t.fi?grTFoYz--VO-
A
or

R •

as or wire is
4R across B & Q .

4%11 412--4,1 .

41st 1¥
> R=
"

⑨ P
off
13¥11 ?_? IT = .

n n

ÑÑ
Q
R 4 R
=

vp=Va

FLEE"aLÉ as Pia
joined by
are

on .

RAB =
It ,"¥z=÷R .
?⃝
 ¥•B
ZR { R

4R§

019 mi Capacitors
WB .

nerds .

uh P

nÑÉB¥ A ÉB MM .

Q
R2
us right ☐ loop
1¥ .

Vp=Yz
/
as our
+ IR } -101-0=0 wire connects
yg=Y,
i=o R] can be BJP
removed & thrown B b- É
away .

R, has been short-circuited .

R} has or connected across it .

RAE
%¥É .
 "
R
'

SYMMETRY n: current

zR§¥¥ER
.

= .

I
used
to dsinpiityck "

Symmetry along zÑÑ0yz§RH3

=Right bisector of
- AB .

e¥t Arm '

pɥ
①
Functions lying right
'

1) on

bisector are at same potential ,

in
2) currents are same
mirror-image
pair of resistances as shown .

given that i

¥;¥
¥¥÷¥ ¥F¥
is as shown
ni

with
junction
Atp many
branches .

1¥ ;=itI
wire OP can be
I -_ o
removed
.

we can detach the pair from the

MR main
junction .

Rfr
HIII Fits
a- r
B
%

RAE 8T¥
 ⑦ § -0
a

Are

%¥FÉ¥r¥¥it¥
c
, CÉSMF
Vp _=Va
assn .

Closed
°¥É¢=4mF
.

2mF ( Join Pda

z .

Ceg .
=
(3nF) series ¢mF)= ¥ MF .

⑦
total from cdl=CegE = 12 ✗
¥ =
25 .

Inc .

Q
Qe,= 25-2
1+1-2=8.4 me
= ✗ .

Q> = Q -
Q
,
= 16.8 hc .

Qz=Q¥+z 25-2×3=3.6×3 ,
=

10.8µL =
b)
* THE
Cai ¥1 NBC
>

,
A 41>-1
0-3
> Cq
111
Q =
Ecg

É÷É,☐¥
.

Q=aE
¥ :[ 8¥ , 8¥ .
 6
Ceg .
=

¥nF 3mF

ants
-1+11*-1--72
3AF&6nF ¥¥¥ a

=
E- &§=§-= LMF
E

(2+2) serin (1)

¥¥=§mF
=

totally # E(ee=lw×¥ Done = .

2mF

q=f=Q¥=40ac¥pI¥a 2nF

40M£
%µ¥ You ,==
.

v.
 :

or ;:¥É÷÷ Co
:c

cab = Co series @to series co

"
c- -

⇐ +¥¥)
=
sd for C.
Q 11

i #
¥-1 .

6%-1
Vmn=§
2C
•÷
k=zoV
Go 6
=
Cq .
=

c-
.
 Join XYZ .

Tɥiɥ
U×=VY=Vz
÷"
.

EmamiV .

chafe
=
or
No
{
across rhtildap .

it .

P
vp=VQ "
A¥f¥B
✓
joined
•
'

Basp
or

@ are
?^
'

,
A % -

c is underfed
a. ,
P, Q
join
.

Y IN 3%1 u F 6
✓✓
.

✗ if
,2 are joined by OR Paths
4=4--1
↳ OR
p ,W are joined culls are

É"÷÷¥¥
uncharged
Vp=Vw as VEE .

Cq ,
=

3£ series > C
J
=
af .
x
 Isolated capacitor having change
what
happens if c is cheated ?
V
£ .
QE! Isolated capacitor

v=¥ at
Q=cv ,
u=¥ w=¥ at .

As it is n'shorted
☒ = constant
there is No path from
if it is
where • charge can come towards
violated & C
.

or go away from capacitor .

is chafed .

9f C
charges ,
V must
change .

setparalim-mdhbl.ed.E #d- c- zEdoA- -c- E.V- 2Vo&U=

a)

2 VAN o

both energy
&
Voltage getdoubled .

Force
-_z¥f =
remain same .

Field inside C=¥A =

remain same .
 •

couservatimofEWBI.ve#ttWbycdl--oWl- heat
loss .

"⇐=Falt=z¥¥ .

d 2d

Next
-
-

positive
¥✗E as
Feet
&
displace
0=00+0 in same
we
are
direction .

= 2. Wo -

Wo

=wo=¥g=z¥gd .

Alternative .

We E- Fact ✗ displacement
✗
as

Fe*=zf=GmH .

Wext=zQ÷A - d = Same as
by
other method .
b) Slab Kei wished .
Isolated c.

ofdielectric
c=k¥t=RG .
Ñ¥ ]
v-E.u-%4d.dz?--a--pE!÷¥%=£÷a¥÷ñ÷
-a--
bdtermetnod-jefjdd-id-VIR-1-pb-j-E-we.t
0=00+0

Next = U -
Wo

¥ -4=44*2-1]
= -0
.

+
__☒ Fextn opposite
Fat
to displacement
weak charges are widened on

dielectric slab surfaces .

 C kept connected to a cell &

ceichaaged.
€c g g Assume that
are

so
done
that
in
C
charges
very slowly
no current

flows cell & Capacitor .

Cell will keep V constant across C by

supplying withdrawing sufficient
or

charge from capacitor plates .

wxCkeptConnected@W-tzCV29fy.o
Q=CV Q ✗ C.
if cell is
.

f- constant .

a increase C cell supplier more

,
to V=☒k Constant
change keep .

If you decrease C cell withdraws positive

,

change from upper plate b- decreased

so that V=Qk =
constant .
a) Sefiarationisdmbed ( cell 'm
connected
c=§A_d=↳= Q=✗c

Qi=Qo WLC
=
Qf -0-42 ] ←④

energy
-_

¥ vIñ¥::÷→ →
①
00 that Q decreases
Wexttwced
= .

to
Next -1 charge G- v)=oU
transferred

Wext +
¥47 =
WI -
Wo -10

Next =
-

¥ +
Qozv €-6B .

= -

tact +
¥2
when cell
+ at
he

Wbyceli
-

we i takes energy
g- tomcat
Wbyieeetueifcdlto
energy
supplies
cut -
 1 multi-Year:

ñim÷m÷,metalWe
Ri wisest metal plates

p.ME#kuetal . between

make it
slabs to

a series

combination of three
capacitors .

a
/ a d- =±+±+§
a

↳
1 Y
,
d- =¥_yd ,
+
k¥¥+"-
k3£°%z
E. = dkkitdykztdi.lk,
GOA
E. A
C=
%+É+¥+ - .

for air k=1

1
a (fwmetal_tkek=N ?
air

⇐¥¥¥It|d
c=ÉÉ*→
c-
:I #
.

-
Dielectric Slab thickness t
of
C- A
c=
☐

fat

d-I-i-IHRKILA-l .Y.is?:-i -. - - . -.?- -oE#-+a-w:- -

air

1
T : R2 Idk ararea=E .

%
:__¥E%
:b
of :
'

Idk

-
e -

=s
area -_ A-
of plates .

a
C- Gtcz
'

=⇐o¥+:÷÷÷