REHABILITATION

AR-2904 Conservation
ADARSH B 17SA101
ARSHAD P 17SA103
HARDIK L 17SA114
JAIMIN A 17SA121
JUMANA P 17SA124
KRINA C 17SA126
MAITRI P 17SA131
MOHAMMED T 17SA134
MURTAZA D 17SA136
RUMANA P 17SA156
RUTVIJ S 17SA159
SAVAN K 17SA163
REHABILITATION
What? Prevention of deterioration

• Rehabilitation refers to:

To alter or add Preservation
Retain Historic character
• Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use
for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those Conservation
portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.
• Rehabilitation strives to bring heritage sites into the modern world without
damaging any historic elements.
Restoration
• It is usually carried out in order to extend a building's life and/or its economic
viability. It may involve more adaptation than conservation, but will still preserve
most of the building's original features.
Rehabilitation

Reproduction

Old Function New Function Reconstruction

• It may involve upgrading, some modification, remodeling, rebuilding or retrofitting, and some repairs.
• Rehabilitation is described as a suitable approach when existing historical features are damaged or deteriorated but
modification can be made to update portion to the structure , even adapting the building for a new purpose.
• Rehabilitation acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses
while retaining the property's historic character. Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its
history, while removing evidence of other periods.

Why?

• Repairing and reusing existing buildings uses energy and material resources more efficiently and reduces waste.
New materials don't need to be created, nor older demolished materials thrown away. Plus energy for rebuilding is
conserved. Also, tearing down structures releases toxins and pollutants in the environment.
How?

1. Ensure the Building can Support Modern Amenities.

2. Maintain the Building's Character.
3. Retain as Much of the Original Building as Possible.
4. Pay Close Attention to Building Codes and Historic Building Regulations.
5. Ask for Expert Advice.
Nagaur Fort, India
• Architectural rehabilitation ranges from preventative maintenance and carrying
out minimal repairs to significant modifications whether part demolition or
opening up, to allow a new function to thrive in an existing building .

• So the Compatible design is considered a new design that maintains some

existing elements such as scale, color, massing, proportions, and materials.
Rehabilitation of Asilah, Morocco

Hebron Town, Palestine

CASE STUDY 1 - NAGAUR FORT REHABILITATION, INDIA
The ancient city of Nagaur in central Rajasthan was one of the first strongholds of Muslim power (12th–16th century) in
northern India. Located on a major caravan route, it was also an important Centre of Sufism, learning and pilgrimage.

• Nagaur Fort sits on a small hill and occupies an

area of approximately 15 hectares, encircled by
the historic town with its two to three-storey-high,
flat-roof houses and narrow meandering streets.

• Built in the 12th century and repeatedly added to

and altered over subsequent centuries, the Fort
comprises 60 low-rise buildings and five palaces,
with open space and landscaped gardens, all
enclosed by 1 . 8 kilometer's of perimeter walls. It
is a fine blend of Rajput and Mughal architecture
that had fallen into disrepair.
Arial View Nagaur Fort
Objective:
The primary objective was not to focus on conserving single buildings but to restore, revitalize and protect the whole Fort
complex to arrest further damage and to plan for full public access. The rehabilitation project sought principally to restore
and bring back to life the entire Fort complex, to increase public awareness of its heritage value and to make it fully
accessible to and usable by the public – both local and foreign.
Site Plan As there are multiple public uses planned
for the site, the conservators and
designers ensured that the functions and
user needs were integrated into the
management regime.
•Visitor circulation and control: a well-
planned visitor route has been
established for guided tours. As large
vehicles cannot navigate through the
gates, the entry of visitors is carefully
monitored and controlled as visitors enter
on foot if they arrive by bus outside the
Fort gate.
•Site interpretation: being a historic
monument and public domain, good
interpretation enhances the visitor
experience.
•Museum: the site has been laid out as a
palace site-cum-museum with
interpretation panels installed in strategic
locations.
•Accommodation: the Ranvas, or Queens’
Palaces, have been converted into hotel
suites and are available all year round
How ?

Bhakht Singh Mahal, before restoration Abha Mahal façade showing the walled- in accretions
Sawan Chhatri, deteriorated
1998

Abha Mahal, after accretions have been removed, new Materials and construction
Carved stone elements such as jalis and brackets, doors have been added to safeguard the murals inside methods of an earlier era
outer stone facades were restored. from sandstorms were used.
Overhanging pavillion deteriorated Southern solid facade on the ground floor and articulated View flooring, rectangular Baradari,
chhatris above Hadi Rani Mahal in ruinous conditions dilapidated

Overhanging pavillion conserved, 2001 Domes of Chhattris restored, plaster edges stabilized View flooring, rectangular Baradari,
and wall cracks repaired, Hadi Rani Mahal conserved
 Walled in spaces of small offices used by government View of the central court showing dilapidated condition of Stainless steel rods for stitching
agencies prior to conservation the pavillions and water system bracket failure

Removal of the accretions revealed the 99 pillared Restored roofs, water system elements, enclosed garden Filling cracks with small stones and
pavilion as well as a fountain and two basins areas & removal of debris : Vegetation was cleared gypsum
 Present condition :
• There is now a greater feeling of identity amongst the local
community with an increased participation with the Fort
especially in the celebration of traditional festivals and
religious occasions.
• It becomes a point of convergence for the various aspects of
the local social fabric; a place for reviving fading traditions
of performing arts, crafts and even thereby enriching the
local economy .
• It offers one of the largest open grounds in the region for
public activities Conservation work took cognizance of the
future use.
• This prompted the introduction of modem tourist facilities
discretely. Public access and participation was thought of as
an essential ingredient for future plans.
• Planned activities such as crafts training program,
conservation and restoration seminars and training sessions,
cultural performances, fairs and festivals, can be conducted
here.
• Workshops and games for children can be conducted here
amidst history, for future concerns.
• In future, the Fort should simultaneously become an
international laboratory for the study of architectural
history, landscape and paintings
Nagaur Sufi festival
CASE STUDY 2 -REHABILITATION OF ASILAH , MOROCCO
• The town of Asilah is strategically
located on the shores of the Alantic
Ocean, on the north-western tip of
Morocco. It lies forty-two kilometres
south-east of Tangiers in fairly flat
countryside.

• It is an old town with walls and

ramparts dating to the Portuguese
occupation of Asilah, when it was
used as a trading post. There is a
natural harbour on the north-west
side of the town.

• Inside the walls, the town follows the

pattern of most old Arab medinas in
the Mediterranean area, with
courtyard houses lining the narrow
alleyways.

• Some Spanish influence is evident on

the facades of the houses especially
in the style of the balconies.
Objective:
• The project began after the return of Mohammed Benaissa to this, his home town, in
1968. He had been absent for twenty years. He bought a house in Asilah, renovated it,
and began to live in it. The town, by all accounts, was a mess. It was filthy, the removal
and disposal of the town's garbage was inadequate, and the streets were not paved.

• Asilah had no pharmacy or doctor, and the electricity lines and water mains were
insufficient and out of date. Electric cables had been installed by the Spaniards in
1926. To improve his town, Mohammed Benaïssa and his friend Mohammed Melehi, a
painter and the President of the Moroccan Painters Association, decided to run for
office.
• As soon as they were elected to the Municipal Council they initiated a study on the state of the town's cleanliness. They
discovered that the eleven garbage collectors with their donkeys spent most of their time knocking on people's doors and
asking people to give them their garbage. As there was no money in the Municipal coffers to change the system, they decided
that the inhabitants of the town had to be involved, and made to participate in its improvement.

• The next step was to improve the external appearance of the town. As both patrons of the project were involved in the world
of art and culture they invited their artist friends to come and paint some walls in the town. In 1978 eleven painters accepted
and participated in this exercise. Children helped, and they too were incorporated into maintaining the 'beauty' and the
cleanliness of the town by competitions, prizes and gifts which were given to those who showed the most promise.
• The two patrons decided that they should organise an annual summer art festival.
It was named 'Asilah's Cultural Festival' and an Association.
• Benaïssa transformed the festival into a musini, or season, thus relating it to
religious and cultural activities of the town. The Spanish Government gave the
Raissouni Palace to the project, and Benaïssa restored it for use as the festival's
headquarters.
STREET VIEW
• The main objective of the project was the renovation and rehabilitation of the
town of Asilah. The festival would also generate work and income for the local
population. By providing the labour force or producing the materials, the
people and the children of Asilah were made to actively participate in all
aspects of their town's development.
• The improvement and extension of infrastructure including running water,
sewerage and electricity was one of the many functional requirements of the
new town.

MURAL MURAL
• The construction of new houses within the old city were to replace those
beyond salvation, while the public spaces were to be re-arranged for
commercial activities, such as a market place.

• The building of the Hassan II exhibition centre and the creation of an open-
air theatre within the old Portuguese walls, a hall for film shows, and an
exhibition space for the plastic arts
• Most of the renovation and restoration work has been carried out by
local master masons and workers using traditional construction
methods and materials

• Asilah's growth has been

very tightly controlled, No
hotel complexes or resort
areas are allowed; the
town prefers and wants to
re-use the existing
physical environment by
restoring and upgrading
it.
• The project started in 1978 and is ongoing; the total cost is therefore unknown.
However, the town's budget increased from MDH 1,800,000 before 1978 to
10,900,000 in 1989. This gives some idea of the costs since the increase
includes all the maintenance costs of the town plus the salaries of the
employees.

• In 1982 the population of the town was eighteen thousand; today it may be as
high as twenty-five thousand, out of which only four to five thousand inhabit
the old town. The average income per family was less than US $50 a month in
the 1970s; today it is approximately US $140.

• Each summer Asilah is inundated with thousands of tourists and visitors,

150,000 of them. They stay in the hotels and rent the houses, they eat in the
restaurants, and boost the commercial activities by buying the local crafts.
• Today, the town is clean, its streets are paved and electricity and
telephones work. Even though the problem with the sewage has not been
completely resolved, the plans for upgrading it are there.

• However, danger is still present in the shape of the

Speculators and builders who keep up the pressure on the
people to sell.

• They want to take advantage of the unique situation of the town to build
new houses, to change and modernise the town, in fact to urbanise it.
That, of course, would destroy asilah.

• Tourism can bring great economic benefits to an area so it has to

becarefully regulated and controlled.
CASE STUDY 3 – WALLED CITY NICOSIA REHABILITATION, CYPRUS

Nicosia has a long, diverse and sometimes turbulent history that

is reflected in its urban and architectural composition, most
markedly in its historic walled core. It experienced centuries of
foreign rule. Conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots led to
the city being divided into two, with each part absorbed into a
separate political entity. The southern, Greek sector of the city
continued to be the capital of the republic of Cyprus, while the
northern sector eventually became part of the new Turkish
republic of northern Cyprus, which only turkey recognizes as a
state. A buffer zone separates the two sectors of Nicosia.

In 1986 twin projects for the rehabilitation of two areas located

along the buffer zone: Arabahmet in the northern part of the
city, and Chrysaloniotissa in the south. Since then, dozens of
projects have been implemented on both sides of the walled city.

Two factors have caused considerable harm to the rich

architectural heritage of the walled city. The first is related to the
forces of modernization. Beginning in the period of British rule
and reaching a climax in the 1960s, the historic urban fabric came
under attack as streets were widened to accommodate traffic
CITY - NICOSIA and old buildings were torn down to make way for new ones.
COUNTRY - CYPRUS
• Social objectives: Relating to the rehabilitation of old residential
neighborhoods, community development and population increase.

• Economic objectives: Aiming to revitalize, the commercial core and

increase employment opportunities.

• Architectural objectives: Preservation and restoration of individual

historic monuments and of groups of buildings, with significant
architectural and environmental qualities.
The overall objective:
• To attract new residents in the old city actions.
• Increase of available housing units.
• Provision of community facilities.
• Improvement of the quality of public open spaces.
Targets of the project:
• The creation of a record regarding the architectural heritage.
• The preparation of the architectural survey of the facades of 265
buildings.
• The proposal of emergency intervention measures to save
collapsing buildings.
 Exterior view of the power-station located in the
Exterior view of an early-twentieth-century house in
southern section of the old city . The power-station was
the Chrysaloniotissa area of the southern section of
built between 1913 and 1936. It has been converted
the city that has been converted into a kindergarten.
into the Municipal Modern Art Centre.

Restoration of the old people’s house in the

southern section of the city into a social
and cultural center
View of the restored sixteenth-century omeriye bath Rehabilitation of the late-1930’s municipal market in the
complex in the southern part of the city. northern section of the city into a restaurant complex.
Case study-4 Rehabilitation of Hebron Old Town
• Hebron, an old and sacred town, is an important religious centre
for Is lam , the pilgrimage route to Mecca and on the road that
connects Damascus to Cairo, the city has a long and sometimes
turbulent history. For Muslims, it is a sacred city because of the
Haram built over Machpelah Cave , which contains Haram also
hold s the graves of Sa rah, Isaac , Rebecca, Jacob and Leah. The firs t
building over Machpelah Cave , now replaced many times over , is
said to have been built by King Herod in the first century BC.
• The rehabilitation and restoration of Hebron Old Town essentially
began in 1988 with the initiation of the Hebron University Graduates
U n ion , a group concerned with the old urban fabric of the city and
the buildings that constituted it. Before the Israeli presence in
Hebron began in 1967, the population of the old town was 10,000 ,
but the ensuing conflicts led to an evacuation of the area , and 85
per cent of the historic stone houses were abandoned.
• These large , extended -family houses, called hash are thick- walled
stone structures, generally two and three storeys high and
courtyard. Left empty and unattended, the buildings fell i n to
disrepair, thus leaving the core of the old city in decline.
• The executive branch of the HRC acts as the town
planning office in Hebron. It assumed responsibility for a '
General Policy for Restoration', Changes that would
jeopardize the architectural and historical value of building
s are prohibited , yet such modern conveniences as
kitchens, toilets and running water can be incorporated.
• The HRC employs a staff of thirty-two, and has hired eight
consultants and twenty contracting services to work in the
old town. dwellings and twenty-five shops have been rest
ored , and work is presently going on in ninety-five other
buildings.
• Saving the old town buildings
preserves the historic legacy of
Hebron. Every building was
documented by drawings, reports
and photographs before the work
commences, and no radical
changes are permitted to the
exterior.
• The primary material used in the
renovation work is concrete, but all
exterior surfaces are clad in stone.
The primary interventions are the
provision of stairs where needed,
the addition of running water, which
includes all necessary piping for
sewage, and new electric wiring.
Alterations are limited primarily to
the interiors in order to
• preserve the historical value of the
visible urban fabric. Only the door
and window openings, originally
made in wood, have been changed,
refitted with metal frames, grilles
and shutters for safety reasons.
• Atypical building section reveals the thickness of walls and
floors and a number of small, vaulted spaces. Local stone
and lime mort a r a re us ed to fill small cracks in the walls. I f
a large structural crack is found, the wall is ta ken down and
rebuilt to resemble the original.
• Roofs and domes are resealed with concrete and re-
insulated in either light beige or dark grey materials . The
revitalization of Hebron Old Town is financed through public
and international funding.
• Documentation of a typical hash includes before and after
plans . Here new rooms are being added to the first floor
in order to accommodate different, smaller families rather
than the large, extended families who historically
occupied such dwellings.
• Though the old town had been mostly abandoned for more
than twenty years, the ownership of 99 per cent of the
buildings had never changed hands.
• The unique restoration policy not only rehabilitates the
housing stock but also returns the buildings to their
owners.