CHAPTER 4 : COMPLEX NUMBERS (STPM PAST YEARS) 3 – 3i, where z* denotes

√
10. The complex number z is such that z – 2z* =
the conjugate of z.
1. If z and w are two complex numbers, show that zw* + z*w is a real number. [4](93)
(a) Express z in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. [3]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of z. [3]
2. If z = x + xi, where x is a non-zero real number, show that (c) Represent z and its conjugate in an Argand diagram. [2](11)
1 11. Find the values of k if (z + 1) is a factor of f(z) = (z + 2)4 – (z + k)2.

z – z* = i (z + z*) and z ¿
=
i ( 1z ) .
For each respective values of k, solve f(z) = 0.

[6](97)
12. Find all the roots of the following equations :
3. If w = a + bi and z = x + yi, where a, b, x and y are real numbers, are two complex
(a) z3 + 4z2 + 8z + 8 = 0 (b) z3 – 5z2 + 12z – 18 = 0
z
(c) z4 – 6z3 + 13z2 – 4z – 24 = 0 (d) z4 + 8z3 + 16z2 – 25 = 0
numbers such that w = 1+ iz , show that
2
x +¿ y −¿ y)
2 ¿ 2
−( x 2 2 ¿¿¿ 13. The complex number z is given by z = 1 + √ 3i .
a = x +¿( y−1) x +¿( y−1)
2
and b = . (a) Find │z│and arg z. [3]
[6](98) 5 16 √3 i
(b) Using the de Moivre’s theorem, show that z = 16 – . [3]
4
4. 2
If (x + yi) = x + yi, where x and y are real numbers, find the possible values of x and y. z
¿
[5](98) (c) Express z∗¿ in the form x + yi, where z* is the conjugate of z and x, y . [3]
(P2)
√ 2+ ai
1+ √ 2 i 2i
5. Determine the value of a if is a real number and find this real number. [4]
(99) 14. Given that z =2 ( 1+3 i)2
.
(a) Find the real and imaginary parts of z2. [4]
Hence, obtain z1 and z2 which satisfy the above equation. [6]
6. If (x + i y)2 = i, find all the real values of x and y. [6](03)
(b) Given that z1 and z3 are roots of 5x2 + ax + b = 0, where a and b are integers.
(i) Find the values of a and b. [3]
(ii) Determine z3, and deduce the relationship between z1 and z3. [3](P2)
7. The complex numbers z1 and z2 satisfy the equation z2 = 2 – 2 3 i. √
(a) Express z1 and z2 in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. [6]
(b) Represent z1 and z2 in an Argand diagram. [1]
15. Express the complex number √6 – i√2 in polar form. [4]

(c) For each of z1 and z2, find the modulus, and the argument in radians. [4](05) Hence, solve the equaion z = 3 √6 – i√2 . [5](P3)

i+ z
2 (1 + 3 i ) 16. The complex numbers z and w are given by z = –1 + i and w = 1−iz .
2
8. Simplify (1 − 3 i ) . [6](07) (a) Find w in the form x + yi, where x, y  .
State the real and imaginary parts of w. [3]
1 (b) Express w in polar form. [3]
9. If z is a complex number such that │z│= 1, find the real part of 1− z . [6] (c) Using de Moivre's theorem, determine the cube roots of w.
(08) Give your answer in cartesian form. [5](P4)

1
17. Complex numbers z and w are given by z = –1 – i and w = 1 + i √3 .
Express z and w in polar form. [5]
9
z
Hence, express the complex number w8 in the form r (cos θ + i sin θ),
where r > 0 and – < θ ≤ . [4](P5)

18. (a) Solve the equation z4 = –2 + i 12 , giving the roots in Cartesian form.
√ [7] Answers:
(b) Show the roots on an Argand diagram. [3](P6) 1 1
4. (0, 0) or (1, 0) 5. a = 2 ; √2 6. ( √ 2 , √2 ) or (–
2π
19. A complex number z has modulus 8 and argument 3 . 1 1
(a) Find the real and imaginary parts of z. [3] √2 , – √2 )
1

z 2 π 5π 13
(b) Determine in Cartesian form. [4](P7)
7(a) – √3 + i or √3 –i (b) │z│= 2 , arg = – 6 or 6 8. – 25 –

9 1 5π
25 i 9. 2 10(a) – √3 –i (b) 2 ; – 6 11. 0, [–1, –4, –

1
2 (3 ± √7 i)] ; 2, (–3, –2, –1)

12(a) –2 , –1 ± √3 i (b) 3 , 1 ± √5 i (c) –1 , 3 , 2 ± 2i (d) –5 , 1 , –

2±i

π 3 4 2 1
13(a) 2 ; 3 (c) 4 – 4 √3 i 14(a) 25 ; – 25 ; 5 – 5 i,–

2 1
5 + 5 i
2 1 2 1
(b) (i) a = ± 4, b = 1 (ii) 5 + 5 i or – 5 – 5 i ; conjugates
π π
15. 2 √2 [cos (− 6 )
+ i sin ] (− 6 )
1.3927 – 0.2456i , –0.4837 + 1.3289i , –0.9090 – 1.0834i

2
 π √3 1 4. Express (1 + i)2 in the form a + bi, where a, b  .
16(a) i ; real part = 0 and imaginary part = 1 (b) cis 2 (c) 2 + 2 i, – Hence, find the roots of the equation (z + 3)2 = –8i. [4]
√3 1
2 + 2 i , –i
5. Verify that –2 + 3i is a root of the equation z3 + 5z2 + 17z + 13 = 0,
3π 3π π π
and determine the other roots of the equation. [4]
17. z = √ 2 [cos (– 4 ) + i sin (– 4 )] , w = 2 [cos 3 + i sin 3 ];
√2 7π 7π
20
16 [cos 12 + i sin 12 ]
6. Solve the simultaneous equations iw + z = –1 – i and 2z – (1 + i)w = 3− i . [4]
√6 √2 √2 √6 √6 √2 √2 √6 3a − 5i
18(a) 2 + 2 i,– 2 + 2 i, – 2 – 2 i, 2 – 2 i
7. The complex numbers z and w are such that z = 1 + 2i
and w = 1 + 13bi,
19(a) Re(z) = –4 , Im(z) = 4 √3 (b) √2 + i √6 ,– √2 – i √6 where a and b are real. Given that z* = w, find the values of a and b. [4]

π π π π
8. Given that z = 2 [cos 6 + i sin 6 ] and w = 4[cos 3 – i sin 3 ],
z∗¿
¿
find the modulus and argument of w3 . [5]

9. Find the three complex numbers z0, z1, z2 that satisfy the equation
z3 – 4 √2+ 4 2 i = 0. Give your answers in polar form.
√ [4]
Hence, evaluate w, if w = z06 + z16 + z26. [4]

COMPLEX NUMBER (MISCELLANEOUS) 2

( 1 − i)
π π
10. Find the modulus and argument of the complex number z, where z = (1 − i √ 3)4 .
1. Express the complex number z = 1 + [cos 3 – i sin 3 ] in polar form. [4]
3π Hence, evaluate z6. [3]
The complex number zw has modulus 6 and argument 4 .
Find the complex number w in exact polar form. [6]

3
11. Find all the roots of the equation ( √2 z – 1)3 = 1 in the form x + yi. [4]
z− 4i
2. Solve the equation
(
2i )
= 1, giving your answers in the form x + yi. 2
Represent the roots of the equation in an Argand diagram. [6] (cos π4 −i sin π4 )
3

3. Solve the equation (z + i)* = 2iz + i. [4] 12. Consider the complex number z =
(cos π3 −i sin π3 )
(a) Find the modulus and the exact value of the argument of z. [3]
n
(b) Find the least positive integer n such that z is purely imaginary. [3]
3
 3 2. The complex number 2i is denoted by u.
( 2 − 2 i)
4 2π
13. Given that z* = (−1 + 3 i) , find the exact values of │z│and arg(z) .
√ [4] The complex number with modulus 1 and argument 3 is denoted by w.
n
Hence, state the smallest positive integer n such that z is a real number. [2] (a) Find in the form x + iy, where x and y are real,
u
the complex numbers w, uw and w . [4]
14. The complex numbers z and w are given by z = 1 – i and w = –1 + √3 i. (b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points U, A and B representing the
6 u
w
Express z in polar form. Hence, find the value of Im
[( ) ]
w
z . [5]
complex numbers u, uw and w respectively.
(c) Prove that triangle UAB is equilateral.
[2]
[2](J03)

Answers:
3. Find the roots of the equation z2 − z + 1 = 0, giving your answers in the form x + iy,
−π −π 11 π 11 π
1. √ 3 [cos ( )
6 + i sin
( ) 6 ] ; 2 √3 [cos 12 + i sin 12 where x and y are real.
Obtain the modulus and argument of each root.
[2]
[3]
] Show that each root also satisfies the equation z3 = −1. [2](J04)
1
2. √3 + 3i , 6 i , – 3 + 3i
√ 3. 3
(–4 + 2i) 4.2i ; –5 + 2i , –1
4. Solve the equation z2 − 2iz − 5 = 0, giving your answers in the form x + iy where
– 2i 5.–1 , –2 – 3i 6. w = –2 + 2i , z = 1 + i 7.a = 5 , b =
x and y are real. [3]
(8k− 1) π
7
13 8.
1
32 ;
5π
6 9.2[cos
(12 ) + i sin
(a) Find the modulus and argument of each root.
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots.
[3]
[1](J05)

(8k− 1) π
(12 ) ], k = 0, 1, 2 ; –192i
5. The complex number 2 + i is denoted by u. Its complex conjugate is denoted by u*.
(a) Show, on a sketch of an Argand diagram with origin O, the points A, B and C
1 5π 1 1 representing the complex numbers u, u* and u + u* respectively.
10. 8 ; 6 ;– 8
6
11. √2 , 4 ( √2 ± √6 i) 12(a) Describe in geometrical terms the relationship between the four points
π 7π O, A, B and C. [4]
1; 2 (b) 1 13. √2 ;– 12 ; 12 14. √ 2 (cos u
11 π 11 π (b) Express u¿ in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [3]
12 12 ); u
+ i sin –8
(c) By considering the argument of u ¿
, prove that tan−1
( ) 4
3 −1
= 2 tan
( 12 ) .
[2](J06)
COMPLEX NUMBERS (A LEVEL)
1. The complex number 1 + i 3 is denoted by u.
√ 2
(a) Express u in the form r(cos θ + i sin θ), where r > 0 and – < θ ≤ . [2] 6. The complex number −1 + i is denoted by u.
Hence, find the modulus and argument of u2 and u3. [3] (a) Find the modulus and argument of u and u2. [6]
(b) Show that u is a root of the equation z2 – 2z + 4 = 0, (b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the complex numbers
and state the other root of this equation. [2] u and u2. [2](J07)
(c) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the
complex numbers i and u. [2](J02)
4
7. The variable complex number z is given by z = 2 cos θ + i(1 − 2 sin θ),
where θ takes all values in the interval – < θ ≤ .
(a) Show that │z − i│= 2, for all values of θ. [3] 13. Find the roots of the equation z2 + 2 √ 3 z + 4 = 0,
1
giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]
(b) Prove that the real part of z +2− i is constant for – < θ ≤ . [4](J08) State the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
Verify that each root also satisfies the equation z6 = –64. [3](J11)

8. Solve the equation z2 + ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0, giving your answers in the form x + iy,
√
where x and y are real. [3]
(a) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots. [1]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
(c) Show that the origin and the points representing the roots are the vertices of an
equilateral triangle. [1](J09)

9. The variable complex number z is given by z = 1 + cos 2θ + i sin 2θ,

π π
where θ takes all values in the interval − 2 < θ < 2 .
(a) Show that the modulus of z is 2 cos θ and the argument of z is θ. [6]
1
(b) Prove that the real part of z is constant. [3](J10)

10. The equation 2x3 − x2 + 2x + 12 = 0 has one real root and two complex roots.
Showing your working, verify that 1 + i 3 is one of the complex roots.
√
State the other complex root. [4]
On a sketch of an Argand diagram, show the point representing the roots.. [2](J10)

6−3 i
11. The complex number u is defined by u = 1+2 i .
π
Find the modulus of u and show that the argument of u is − 2 . [4](J11)

5
Answers:
12. The complex number u is defined by u = a+2 i , where the constant a is real.
π π 2π
(a) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]
3π 1.(a) 2(cos 3 + i sin 3 ) ; 4, 3 ; 8,  (b) 1 – √3 i
(b) Find the value of a for which arg(u*) = 4 , where u* denotes the complex
conjugate of u. [3](J11)
5
 1 √3 i 1
2.(a) – 2 + 2 ; – √3 –i; √3 –i 3. 2 (1 ± √3 i)

π π
; 1 ;– 3 , 3

4. 2 + i, –2 + i ; (a) √5 , 0.464 ; √5 , 2.68 5.(a) OABC is a rhombus (b)

3 4 3π π
i
5 + 5 6.(a) √2 ,− 4 ; 2, 2 8. 1 – i √3 , –1 – i

π 2π
√3 ; (b) 2, – 3 ; 2, – 3

5a 10
i
10. 1 − i √3 11. 3 12.(a)
2
a +4 2
– a +4 (b)

−2

5π 5π
13. – √3 + i, – √3 –i;2, 6 ;2,– 6