Ña, Beatriz C. Del Rosario, John Alex Diaz, Liesa Reynne Gregorio, Elina Dyanne Santos, Shane V

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
VALENZUELA CAMPUS
IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING GUN SAFETY RULES TO
AVOID ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGED OF FIREARMS
Submitted by:
Arnesto, Rico C.
Baroña, Beatriz C.
Del Rosario, John Alex
Diaz, Liesa Reynne
Gregorio, Elina Dyanne
Santos, Shane V.
In partial fulfillment of the course PE212 – Fundamentals of

Marksmanship
Submitted to:
Mr. Britaña, Donaldo
May 2021
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Introduction
Intended to prevent both negligent and accidental discharge and the

incidents of firearm malfunctions, gun safety rules and practice
recommendations were created. To mitigate or minimize the risks of
unintended or unwanted death, injury and damage to property, caused by
improper possession, careless storage and handling of firearms, is the main
purpose of the implementation of the gun safety rules. In 2013, a staggering
47,000 deaths were recorded worldwide which are all firearms related. Gun
safety is training pertains to mentality of human beings from a certain set of
rules. On the other hand, shall be executed as habitual which may lead to
beneficial outcome. The mindset is that firearms are inherently dangerous and
must always be stored carefully and handled with care. Handlers are taught to
treat firearms with respect for their destructive capabilities, and strongly
discouraged from playing or toying with firearms, a common cause of
accidents. The rules of gun safety follow from this mindset.
To promote awareness, training and testing shall be implemented to

individuals decided to possess a gun as getting a driver’s license.
Subsequently, will serve as guidelines whether the person is authorized to own
a gun or not. Therefore, the right to own a gun will only give to those individual
who passed the professional training and testing together with existing laws
and policies of responsibility to own a gun, whether used it for self-defense,
protection for family or in combat shooting.
Several rules in gun safety must be followed, first is treat all guns as if
they are loaded, this rule will remind shooters that there’s no room for errors in
shooting. Secondly, never point the muzzle at anything you do not intended to
shoot, this rules serves as guideline to fire upon intended to shoot or in safe
direction. Third, keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot,
this rule will avoid self inflicted injuries and prevent further damage if

accidentally pull the trigger. Lastly, be sure to your target and what’s beyond it,
this rule will ensure that your surroundings are safe. Failure to follow those
rule have no rights to possess a gun.
It is an honor that we have been a part of the current population who

belong to the Criminology world and aspires to serve the Filipino people
someday. The researchers chose this topic of Gun Safety for the reasons that
we want to learn more about it and wishes to share our knowledge regarding
guns. We have always been passionate about the laws on Gun Safety and to be
aware of the violations committed against it. The vast topic about gun laws
and safety interest us because we love to delve on the different elements of gun
us, its safety, proper handling, and many more.
According to J. Frankel (2021) of the Global Security Unit, access

to firearms in the home raise the risk of unintentional firearm-related death
and injury among children. Unintentional shootings cause a major portion of
all firearm-related deaths among children ages 14 and younger. While many of
today's movies portray reaching for the gun in the nightstand and shooting the
bad guys look easy, in real life, injuring or taking the life of another person,
even when defending oneself or someone you love against the worst of
criminals, can be emotionally devastating. Not only can using a gun to defend
your home have lasting psychological effects on you and members of your
family, relying on it as a method of home security can be dangerous. Too often
homeowners fantasize about the heroics of taking down the bad guy. As a
result, they fail to take into consideration real-life scenarios, as in the intruder
taking the gun and using it on them or one of their family members. Such was
the case of a McKinney, Texas homeowner who tried to defend his home with a
firearm. In a report released by The Dallas Morning News, of DallasNews.com,
the homeowner grabbed his gun and confronted three men who had entered
his home in the early morning hours.

Another scenario homeowners fail to think about is the possibility of
being shot by the police when they arrive on the scene. With emotions and
tension running at extremely high levels, a homeowner with a gun in hand can
easily be mistaken for the perpetrator. As a trained security professional, I can
assure you that these types of scenarios occur throughout the US and other
countries all too often. Even if you are successful at shooting an intruder
without any injury to you or your family, the psychological effects from the
images and emotions experienced during the event can be quite traumatic.
Regardless of who pulls the trigger, it's not uncommon for anyone who
witnessed the event to suffer some level of post-traumatic stress disorder
afterwards. This can sometimes lead to months of continued fear and anxiety,
along with recurring nightmares, flashbacks, and feelings of intense distress.
The combination of these psychological effects can disrupt the person's family
and personal life, which can lead to a myriad of other problems. Keeping a
firearm in the home can also pose a risk of accidental injury or death to
children. Children are naturally curious, and with all the violence they see on
TV and in video games, many children look at firearms as being "cool" instead
of a potentially deadly weapon that they should stay clear of. Assuming your
children are safe because you've never told them where the gun is or because
you told them to never touch the gun can also prove to be a deadly mistake. In
a study published by the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, it was
found that 39% of kids whose parents kept a firearm in the house knew where
the gun was stored, and despite being told by their parents to never touch the
gun, 22% admitted to handling the gun without their parents knowing.
Another disturbing fact is that this finding was just as common among
children as young as five years old as it was among the teenagers in the study.
The First Line of Defense is A Good Home Security Plan – One That
Consists of High Quality Security Devices A good security plan ensures the
exterior of your home is layered with protective devices such as security

lighting, fencing, surveillance cameras, and other deterrents. Equally as
important is ensuring the interior of your home is protected by devices such as
heavy-duty deadbolts, a quality alarm system, glass protection film or glass
breakage sensors, a security door brace, etc. Remember—the best way to keep
you and your family safe is to keep the bad guys on the outside of your home.
This is only achieved by ensuring proper home security layers are
implemented. The more layers the better.
When it comes to keeping a gun in your home for home security reasons, it's
important to understand firearms should be used as a very last resort and only
when your life or the life of another is truly threatened.
Firearm Safety Tips
While having a firearm readily available can have its advantages in the
case of an emergency, it's important to take the necessary firearm safety
measures to reduce the risk of having it used for any other purpose than to
defend your life or the life of a loved one. The following are a few tips that can
help keep you and your family safe: Periodically, discuss each of these tips with
your family and friends and ask that they follow the same gun safety measures
in their home. When keeping a loaded gun in the house, make sure to stow all
handguns in a biometric fingerprint safe, as it allows quick and easy access to
the gun owner only. At the very minimum, use a trigger or chamber lock.
NEVER hunt down or chase after an intruder. The same goes for
confronting or trying to subdue an intruder while you have a gun in your hand.
Doing so will only increase your risk of having your gun used against you.
Educate your children about the risks of handling a firearm in your home or
any other place for that matter. Teach your child that if they find a gun or are
shown a gun by another child, run away and tell an adult immediately. You
can never talk to or teach your children enough about the risks of firearms and

firearm safety. Protecting your family means keeping them safe from harm. The
best way to do this is to ensure you have the necessary home security devices
installed. If you have a gun in the home, practicing proper firearm safety is just
as important. So is understanding that firearms are weapons, not home
security devices. While owning a gun can sometimes be the difference between
life and death of a family member, it should be considered as the very last
resort. Ultimately, installing the proper security devices on the interior and
exterior of your dwelling will prevent the intruder from gaining access to your
home.

WHAT IS FIREARM SAFETY?[ CITATION Placeholder1 \l 1033 ]
1.0 The Three Basic General Rules of Safe Gun Handling.
1.1 Always point the muzzle in a safe direction; never point a

firearm at anyone or anything you don’t want to shoot.
1.2 Keep your finger off the trigger and outside the trigger guard
until you are ready to shoot.
1.3 Keep the action open and the gun unloaded until you are
ready to use it.
2.0 Additional specific rules of safe gun handling

Safety Rules Related to the Shooter and His Behavior.
2.1 Treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
2.2 Never pass a firearm to another person, or accept a firearm

from another person, until the cylinder or action is open and
you’ve personally checked that the weapon is completely
unloaded.
2.3 Before handling any firearm, understand its operation.
2.4 Never rely on any mechanical device for safety.
2.5 Think before shooting: once you pull the trigger you can’t
take back the shot you’ve just fired!
2.6 Never joke around or engage in horseplay while handling or

using firearms.

2.7 Be alert at all times; never shoot if you’re tired, cold or
impaired in any way. Don’t mix alcohol or drugs with
shooting.
2.8 Don’t sleep with a loaded firearm in your bedroom if you

sleepwalk, have nightmares, sleep restlessly or have other
sleep problems.
2.9 Safeguard your sight, hearing and health. Always wear eye
and ear protection. Endeavor to limit your exposure to heavy
metal particulates and gases, and minimize your
contact with aromatic organic solvents (such as those
commonly used in gun cleaning products).
2.10 If you see unsafe behavior any time when firearms are being
handled or used, speak up and take action to correct the
unsafe behavior at once.
2.11 Receive competent instruction from a qualified person before

beginning to shoot. If questions arise later, after you’ve been
shooting for a period of time, get answers to those questions
from a competent authority.
3.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Target.

3.1 Positively identify your target and the threat it poses before
firing at it.
3.2 What’s behind your target? Always make sure that a stray
shot, or a bullet which penetrates its intended target through
and through, will be safely stopped.
3.3 Never shoot at a hard surface, or at water — your shot may
glance off, ricochet and injure someone.
3.4 Never shoot at glass bottles, living trees, or inappropriate
targets which would create a hazard for other persons or
damage the environment.

3.5 Never shoot a rifle or handgun directly upwards, or at a high
angle of elevation. Even a rimfire .22 bullet fired at an angle
into the air can have enough energy a mile and a half away
to accidentally kill someone!
3.6 Never shoot across a highway or other roadway.
3.7 Never vandalize a road sign (or other public or private
property) by using it as a target.
3.8 Never poach a game animal out of season, or shoot any game
animal you don’t intend to eat.
4.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Firearm.
4.1 Make sure your firearm is in good mechanical condition

before firing it. Periodically have your firearm checked for
signs of erosion, cracking, or wear by the factory, by a
qualified armorer, or by a factory certified gunsmith.
4.2 Never try to fire a gun which may have a plugged or partially
obstructed barrel.
4.3 Insure that any modifications made to a firearm are made by

a qualified individual, and that those modifications don’t
interfere with your firearm’s safety features.
4.4 Be sure all accessories, such as holsters and grips, are

compatible with the firearm and won’t interfere with its safe
operation.
4.5 Remember: a backup firearm carried about your person may

be highly valuable to you in the event your primary firearm
is ever rendered inoperable or is taken from you by an
assailant.
4.6 It is your responsibility to insure that your firearm is always

either about your person and under your personal control, or

positively secured from access by children or other
unauthorized parties. Prevent tragedy: lock down your
firearms when they aren’t in use.
4.7 When storing a firearm for a long period of time, consider

storing the slide, bolt, or other critical components of the
firearm separately under separate lock and key.
4.8 Never carry a single action revolver with a round under the
hammer unless that revolver is a modern transfer-bar type,
equipped with an inertial firing pin.
4.9 Never carry a pistol with a round in the chamber unless the
pistol has an automatic firing-pin block and/or an inertial
firing pin.
4.10 Generally avoid carrying or storing an external hammer-type

firearm with its hammer cocked. Exercise extreme care in
decocking any external hammer firearm: it is very easy to
experience an accidental discharge while doing so if your
thumb slips off the hammer.
4.11 Generally avoid unloading a firearm by working the

cartridges through the action one-at-a-time; drop the
magazine and then eject the round which may be left in the
chamber, instead, if possible.
4.12 Never use a scope mounted on a firearm as a general

purpose spotting scope: while observing an area you may
end up accidentally aiming your firearm at fellow hunters, or
other non-targets.
4.13 Avoid trying to catch a live round (while unloading a

semiautomatic pistol) by cupping your hand around the
ejection port while retracting the slide; doing so may result
in an accidental discharge.

5.0 Safety Rules Related to Ammunition.
5.1 Be sure your gun and ammunition are compatible. Shooting

incorrect ammunition in a firearm may cause it to be
damaged or even make it blow up.
5.2 Relying on ammunition which doesn’t feed reliably in your

particular firearm may make your firearm malfunction at a
critical juncture: get experience with a particular lot of
ammunition in your firearm before relying on it for defensive
purposes.
5.3 Use only ammunition recommended for your firearm by its

manufacturer. Never fire ammunition which exceeds
industry standard pressure specifications. Over-pressure
ammunition will reduce the service life of your handgun, and
puts you and those around you at risk of a catastrophic
firearm failure.
5.4 Use reloaded ammunition judiciously. Be aware that many

firearms manufacturers specifically forbid the use of
reloaded ammunition in their products, and will void their
product’s warranty if you elect to use reloaded ammunition
in contravention of their instructions. Also remember that a
cartridge which has: the wrong powder, no powder charge, or
too large a powder charge; an inverted primer, mis-seated
primer, the wrong type of primer or an inert primer; a mis-
seated, inverted, or mis-sized bullet; a collapsed, weakened,
improperly sized or mis-crimped case; incorrect overall
length or any of a host of other defects may seriously
jeopardize your safety, the safety of those around you,
and/or the reliability of your firearm in a defensive situation.

5.5 Many shooters prepare and safely use reloaded ammunition
each day, and it can be an economical way to stretch your
ammunition budget, but the safety of that reloaded
ammunition directly depends on the care, components,
equipment, and practices used in preparing it.
5.6 Carry only one caliber of ammunition when shooting.
5.7 Accidentally grabbing the wrong ammunition while shooting

can result in a shooter or third party being injured, or
damage or destruction of a firearm.
5.8 Insure you carry sufficient spare ammunition for your

defensive firearm, and make sure you carry it in a readily
employable fashion (such as in spare magazines or in speed
loaders).
5.9 Store ammunition that isn’t being used under lock and key,
inaccessible to unauthorized parties and children.
5.10 Dispose of unwanted ammunition safely.
6.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Firearm’s Holster and Ammo

Carrier.
6.1 Always use a holster which is designed for, and which fits,
your handgun.
6.2 Make sure your holster covers the trigger guard of your
handgun.
6.3 Purchase a holster which allows you to obtain a secure grip
on your handgun while it is still holstered.
6.4 Be sure the thumb break, safety strap, or other firearm
retention device on your holster is functional and
consistently employed.
6.5 A good holster should retain your firearm during normal
carry and routine physical activity, but no holster can insure

that a firearm will be secure against determined attempts at
disarmament, or keep a firearm secure during all possible
physical activities.
6.6 Avoid clip-on holsters and magazine pouches. These carriers
may fail to stay clipped to the belt and end up being drawn
along with the firearm or the magazine they still hold,
thereby interfering with use of the firearm or with timely
reloading.
6.7 Avoid paddle-style holsters, cross draw holsters, and similar
holsters which provide poor weapon retention.
6.8 Avoid ankle holsters, shoulder holsters and other types of
holsters which can introduce unnecessary delays in
accessing a defensive firearm.
6.9 Avoid carrying a defensive firearm in a purse, pocketbook,
daypack or briefcase.
6.10 Never carry a handgun tucked into your belt or waistband
without a holster (i.e., so-called “Mexican carry”). A handgun
carried in this fashion may be unintentionally dislodged, fall
onto a hard surface and accidentally discharge or be
damaged. Inside the waistband-type holsters will allow you
to obtain the concealment of this type of carry while
simultaneously providing vastly improved firearm retention.
6.11 Always employ a proper magazine holder or speed loader
carrier to carry your spare ammunition. Select a design that
secures and protects your speedloaders or magazines while
still making them readily available for use. Avoid
ammunition loops and ammo dump boxes.
6.12 Never put a partially empty magazine or speedloader back
into a magazine carrier or speedloader pouch: only full
magazines or full speedloaders belong in a carrier. Partially

empty magazines or speed loaders should go into your
pocket; empty magazines or speedloaders should be allowed
to fall where they’re used during an emergency.
7.0 Miscellaneous Safety Rules.
7.1 At a range, obey the commands of the range officers, or any

individual calling `cease fire,’ at once. Read, know and follow
any rules peculiar to a particular range which you may be
using.
7.2 Be careful of hot gases and metal shavings ejected at the

forcing cone of a revolver.
7.3 Keep your fingers and other parts of your body away from
the muzzle, the rear of the slide, and the ejection area of a
semiautomatic pistol.
7.4 In the event of a misfire, keep the firearm pointed in a safe

direction, remove your finger from the trigger, wait ten
seconds, then eject the cartridge and dispose of it properly.
7.5 If you hear an unusual sound upon squeezing the trigger or

feel an unusual recoil, stop shooting and investigate. You
may have experienced a “squib” load (or under-powered
cartridge), and it may have caused a bore obstruction. Keep
the firearm pointed in a safe direction, remove your finger
from the trigger, wait ten seconds, then unload the firearm
and safely examine the barrel, checking carefully for any
possible obstructions before reloading and resuming
shooting.
7.6 Never:
7.6.1 Climb a tree with a loaded firearm,

7.6.2 Cross a fence with a loaded firearm,
7.6.3 Jump a ditch or ford a stream with a

loaded firearm,
7.6.4 Scale or descend a steep incline or hill

with a loaded firearm,
7.6.5 Climb a tree, or climb into a hunting

stand with a loaded firearm,
7.6.6 Prop or lean a loaded firearm against a

tree or other surface which may allow it to
slide, or Transport a cased loaded firearm.
7.7 Always carry your firearms in a way which will allow you to
control where the muzzle is pointing, should you stumble or
fall.
7.8 A ballistic vest may substantially improve your chances of

surviving an armed encounter on the street.
7.9 Always wear a thousand square inches or more of blaze

orange while in the field during hunting season.
7.10 Blackpowder (and replica blackpowder) firearms require

additional safety precautions not discussed here. Obtain
qualified instruction in the safe operation of blackpowder
firearms before attempting to load or fire any such firearm.
7.11 Circumstances may require additional safety rules unique to

a particular situation.
8.0 Additional Safety Points

8.1 Never handle a gun when you are in an emotional state such
as anger or depression. Your judgment may be impaired.
8.2 Never shoot a gun in celebration (the New Year’s Eve, for
ot only is this unsafe, but it is generally illegal. A bullet fired
into the air will return to the ground with enough speed to
cause injury or death.
8.3 Do not shoot at water, flat or hard surfaces. The bullet can
ricochet and hit someone or something other than the target.
8.4 Hand your gun to someone only after you verify that it is
unloaded and the cylinder or action is open. Take a gun from
someone only after you verify that it is unloaded and the
cylinder or action is open.
8.5 Guns, alcohol and drugs don’t mix. Alcohol and drugs can
negatively affect judgment as well as physical coordination.
Alcohol and any other substance likely to impair normal
mental or physical functions should not be used before or
while handling guns. Avoid handling and using your gun
when you are taking medications that cause drowsiness or
include a warning to not operate machinery while taking this
drug.
8.6 The loud noise from a fired gun can cause hearing damage,
and the debris and hot gas that is often emitted can result in
eye injury. Always wear ear and eye protection when
shooting a gun.
B. GUN LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES
Most laws regarding civilian ownership of firearms in

the Philippines concern registration and background checks. There is also

focus on disarming various militant groups, such as the Islamic separatist
groups in Mindanao and the communist rebel groups such as the New People's
Army. The Philippines has also enacted laws as a result of many incidents of
armed political violence during elections.
The ownership of firearms in the Philippines is regulated by the Firearms

and Explosives Division of the Philippine National Police.
In order to possess a firearm in the Philippines, a person must be at a
minimum age of 21 years and pass a background check to be issued a
Possession License. They must also take a firearms training and safety course.
Any history of mental illnesses or domestic violence within the individual or the
family will cause an applicant to have his request rejected.Guns are used for
hunting, target shooting, self-protection and security purposes. Filipinos can
carry pistols and handguns in public by acquiring a Permit to Carry.
PROGUN is the main gun lobby of the Philippines, which is an organization
meant to protect Filipino gun rights as well as to endorse politicians who will
do so.
According to a 2014 study, there are 1,700,000 licensed firearms owners
and 3,900,000 privately owned guns (legally and illegally) in the country
Source: Gun Law in the Philippines

Wikipedia
https://www.google.com/search?q=Gun+law+in+the+Philippines+
From+Wikipedia%2C+the+free+encyclopedia&rlz=1C1CHZL_enUS6
82US682&oq=Gun+law+in+the+Philippines+From+Wikipedia%2C+
the+free+encyclopedia&aqs=chrome..69i57.1597j0j7&sourceid=chr
ome&ie=UTF-8
C. GUN SAFETY

Many families keep a gun in the home. But every year, guns are used to
kill or injure thousands of Americans.
The best way to protect your child from being hurt or killed by a gun is to not
keep guns at home and to avoid homes that do have guns. If you decide to keep
a gun at home, proper storage can help keep your family safe.
What Is the Safest Way to Store a Gun?

If you have a gun at home, be sure to:
1 Keep the gun unloaded and locked up in a cabinet, safe, gun vault,
or storage case.
2 Lock the bullets in a place separate from the gun.
3 Hide the keys to the locked storage.
4 Why Is Proper Gun Storage So Important?
Young children are curious.

Even if you have talked to them many times about gun safety, they can't
truly understand how dangerous guns are. If they come across a loaded gun,
they can accidentally hurt or kill themselves or someone else.
Teens can be emotional and may act without thinking.

If they have depression or are feeling down, they may see a gun as an
easy way out. In fact, most teens and preteens who kill themselves use a gun
from their home or from the home of a relative or friend.
Teens should never be able to get to a gun and bullets without an adult
being there

People of any age who are depressed are at increased risk of suicide. If
someone in the family has depression, or has had thoughts of suicide, all guns
should be removed from the home. If the guns cannot be removed, it is even
more important to store the gun unloaded and locked up with the bullets
stored separately and keys hidden
What About Guns in the Homes of Family and Friends?
If your child is going to someone's house, it's important to know if there

are guns in the home. It may feel awkward to ask, but most people will
understand that you're trying to protect your child.
Source: Amy W. Anzilotti, MD (2018)

Gun Safety
https://www.google.com/search?q=Amy+W.+Anzilotti%2C+MD+(2
018)+Gun+Safety&rlz=1C1CHZL_enUS682US682&oq=Amy+W.+An zilotti
%2C+MD+(2018)+Gun+Safety&aqs=chrome..69i57.1565j0j7&
sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
D. GUNS IN THE HOME
Did you know that roughly a third of U.S. homes with children have
guns? In fact, nearly 2 million children live with unlocked, loaded guns.
Parents may not realize what a serious injury risk a gun in the home is,
especially for children.
Even young toddlers are capable of finding unlocked guns in the home, and
they are strong enough to pull the trigger. Unintentional shootings happen to
children of all ages.

There were at 241 unintended shootings by children in 2019, causing more
than 100 deaths and nearly 150 injuries. Adolescents, in particular, are at a
higher risk for suicide when there is a gun in the home. In fact, a gun in the
home is 43 times more likely to be used to kill a friend or family member than
a burglar or other criminal.
The Most Effective Way to Keep Kids Safe

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises that the safest home
for a child is one without guns. The most effective way to prevent unintentional
gun injuries, suicide and homicide to children and adolescents, research
shows, is the absence of guns from homes and communities.
What to Do If You Do Keep a Gun in Your Home

For families who decide to keep guns in the home, many studies show
that teaching kids about gun safety, or to not touch a firearm if they find one,
is not enough.
Parents can reduce the chances of children being injured, however, by
following important safety rules:
Safe storage.
All guns in your home should be locked and unloaded, with ammunition locked
separately. Make sure children and teens can't access the keys or combinations
to lock boxes or gun safes. And remember not to keep loaded, unlocked guns in
the car, either.
In use.
When using a gun for hunting or target practice, keep the safety catch in place
until you are ready to fire it. Before setting the gun down, always unload it. As
much as a child may want to take a turn shooting, this is not a good idea. No

matter how much instruction you may give about how to safely shoot a gun,
children are not capable or responsible enough to handle a potentially leth
Sources: Judy Schaechter,

Guns in the Home
By: Judy Schaechter, MD, MBA, FAAP
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-
prevention/at- home/Pages/Handguns-in-the-Home.aspx
E. FIREARMS SAFETY
The importance of firearms safety
About one-third of homes in the U.S. have some type of firearm. Access
to firearms in the home raise the risk of unintentional firearm-related death
and injury among children. Unintentional shootings cause a major portion of
all firearm-related deaths among children ages 14 and younger.
Underestimating a child's ability to gain access to a firearm in the home

and use it is a common problem. Even a 3-year-old child may have enough
finger strength to pull the trigger of a handgun. Unlike adults, children can't
tell the difference between a real gun and toy guns. Also, children are not able
to make good judgments about how to safely handle a gun.
To keep your child safe from firearms, consider whether it is even worth
the risk to keep a firearm in your home. If you choose to do so, safely store the
firearm locked up, unloaded, and out of reach. Keep ammunition in a separate,
locked place from the actual firearm. Also, talk with your child about the

dangers of firearms. Teach your child to never touch or play with guns and to
tell an adult if they find a gun.
What are high-risk situations with firearms?

Being aware of situations that can raise your child's risk for an
unintentional firearm injury may help prevent one. High-risk situations
include:
Accessible firearms in the home. Parents often underestimate their
child's ability to gain access to the firearm in the house, or even the child's
ability to pull the trigger.
Accessible firearms at another home. Even if your home does not have a

firearm, your neighbor, friend, or relative may have an accessible firearm in the
house.
Teen boys. Most children killed by accident with firearms are boys. The
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) considers homes with teen boys at a
higher risk for accidental injury and death from firearms.
Ammunition and firearms stored together.

When a firearm is locked away with ammunition, or left loaded, it greatly
raises the risk of accidental injury and death from firearms. About one-third to
one-half of all firearm owners keep their firearms loaded and ready for use at
least some of the time.
Lack of supervision.
Most accidental firearm shootings among children happen during times
when children are not supervised, such as during the late afternoon, on
weekends, and during summer months.

High-risk homes.
According to the AAP, homes with a higher risk of accidental injury and
death from firearms include those in which someone is abusing alcohol or
illegal drugs.
What is firearm safety?

The only sure way to keep your child safe from accidental injury and
death from firearms in your home is to remove all firearms from the home. Yet,
there are other ways to improve the safety of your child around firearms. These
ways include:
1 Store the firearm correctly. Firearms should always be stored
unloaded and uncocked in a locked container.
2 The gun should be stored separate from ammunition.
3 The firearm and ammunition should both be locked away, in a place
known only to the parents, and out of reach of children.
For a revolver, put a padlock around the top strap of the weapon. This will
prevent the cylinder from closing.
For a pistol, use a trigger lock. Never leave a gun unattended, even for a
moment. This includes when you are cleaning it.
Educate your child.

Teaching your child the dangers of guns may help prevent accidental
injury and death from firearms. A parent should teach a child to do the
following if they see a firearm:
1 Don't touch the firearm.
2 Leave the area.
3 Tell an adult right away.
4 Check with relatives, friends, and neighbors.

Even if your own home is free of firearms, your child may visit another
home where firearms are kept. Always check with neighbors, friends, and
relatives to make sure they safely store their firearms, out of reach of children.
Use other safety devices.

Safety devices, such as gun locks, lock boxes, and gun safes, should be
used for every firearm in the house. Safety devices on firearms could prevent
most accidental fatal shootings of children ages 5 and younger.
Source: Firearm Safety
https://www.google.com/search?q=firearm+safety+rules&rlz=1C1
CHZL_enUS682US682&oq=Firearm+safety&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i
67j0l3j69i60l3.6058j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
F. DRIVING WITH A GUN
When driving with a gun, keep the following tips in mind:
1 Sit properly. Correct seating position improves your driving abilities

and also makes it easier to draw your weapon, if needed.
2 Practice your seated draw.
3 Maintain situational awareness and control your emotions. An
emotional response on the road can have devastating consequences if
both drivers are armed. So, whenever facing danger or confrontation on
the road, try to avoid it.
4 Defensive driving is more effective – and important – than defensive
gun use.
5 There’s no reason to access the gun while out and about, except for
self-defense. So, put it in your holster when leaving home, and don’t touch
it again until you’re putting it back in the safe box at night.

6 Sometimes, when entering restricted areas, gun owners must
remove their weapon and lock it in a secured container inside their
vehicle. If this happens to you, do it without distraction. Then, upon
returning to your vehicle, re-holster the gun safely.
Source: Driving with a Gun

Guide to Basic Gun Safety
Last Updated on January 14th, 2020
https://www.alarms.org/guide-to-basic-gun-safety/
G. SECONDARY DANGERS
While a firearm's primary danger lies in the discharge of ammunition,
there are other ways a firearm may be detrimental to the health of the handler
and bystanders.
Noise
When a firearm is discharged it emits a very loud noise, typically close to
the handler's ears. This can cause temporary or permanent hearing damage
such as tinnitus. Hearing protection such as earplugs, or earmuffs, or both,
can reduce the risk of hearing damage.[21] Some earmuffs or headphones
made for shooting and similar loud situations use active noise control.
Firearms may also have silencers which reduce the sound intensity from the
barrel.
Hot gases and debris

A firearm emits hot gases, powder, and other debris when discharged.
Some firearms, such as semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms, typically
eject spent cartridge casings at high speed. Casings are also dangerously hot
when ejected. Revolvers store spent casings in the chamber, but may emit a

stream of hot gases and possible fine particulate debris laterally from the
interface between the revolving chamber and the barrel. Any of these may hurt
the handler or bystanders through burning or impact damage. Because eyes
are particularly vulnerable to this type of damage, eye protection should be
worn to reduce the risk of injury. Prescription lenses and various tints to suit
different light conditions are available. Some eye protection products are rated
to withstand impact from birdshot loads, which offers protection against
irresponsible firearms use by other game bird shooters.
Toxins and pollutants

In recent years the toxic effects of ammunition and firearm cleaning
agents have been highlighted.
Lead ammunition left in nature may become mobilized by acid rain.
Older ammunition may have mercury-based primers.
Lead accumulates in shooting range backstops.
Indoor ranges require good ventilation to remove pollutants such as powder,
smoke, and lead dust from the air around the shooters. Indoor and outdoor
ranges typically require extensive decontamination when they are
decommissioned to remove all traces of lead, copper, and powder residues from
the area.
Lead, copper and other metals will also be released when a firearm is cleaned.
Highly aggressive solvents and other agents used to remove lead and powder
fouling may also present a hazard to health. Installing good ventilation,
washing hands after handling firearms, and cleaning the space where the
firearm was handled lessens the risk of unnecessary exposure.
Sources:
Secondary Dangers - Gun safety

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://www.savetheguns.com/safety_rules.htm
Carolee Boyles. (2004)
"Safety sells - safety devices for gun owners and their
firearms". Shooting Industry. Archived from the original on
2004-10-30.
https://web.archive.org/web/20041030233116/http:/www.findar
ticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3197/is_11_43/ai_53377562
Roy Huntington. (2009)
"Gun safety & safety products". Shooting Industry. Archived
from the original on 2012-07-08.
Gun Safety Rules; Save a life by reading this page and give it to a
friend". www.SaveTheGuns.com. 2000–2009. Retrieved 2009-05- 18.
H. SOMEONE AT SCHOOL HAS A WEAPON. WHAT SHOULD I DO?
No one should bring a gun or weapon to school. But sometimes, students

might bring guns, knives, or other weapons to school for attention, to protect
themselves, or to threaten or harm others.
If someone tells you they have a gun or weapon or shows it to you:
1 Get away from the person quickly and quietly.

2 Tell an adult you trust immediately.
3 If you can't find a teacher, parent, coach, or other adult, call 911. 4
Give as many details as you can such as what you saw, what type of
weapon it was (a knife, a gun, etc.), where the incident happened, and
who was involved.
4 Tell them about the situation — such as whether the weapon was being
shown off or used to threaten another student.

Will Someone Know if I Tell That They Have a Gun/Weapon?
Your school counselor, principal, teacher, or coach should know how to
handle the situation without using your name. If you are still worried that
someone will find out, call 911 and ask them to keep your identity confidential.
Or, make an anonymous phone call to your school office and report the
incident.
Remember, you may save a life by reporting that someone is carrying a gun.
The Warning Signs of Violence

Violence comes in many different forms and doesn't always involve a weapon.
Violence can be physical, like pushing, punching, or fighting with someone. It
also can be psychological and might involve name-calling, harassment,
taunting, and other forms of bullying.
People who are more likely to become violent may show some of these
warning signs:
1 cruelty to pets and other animals
2 talking about weapons and violence
3 fascination with violent video games, TV shows, and movies
4 threatening or bullying others
5 isolation from family and friends
Of course, these signs don't necessarily mean that a person will become violent
or bring a weapon to school. Still, you should take all signs and threats
seriously, and share your concerns with a responsible adult early on. Speaking
up about violence and weapons in school not only protects you, but your
friends and classmates too.

Sources :Amy W. Anzilotti, MD
Date reviewed: 2018-04-12
https://www.brennerchildrens.org/KidsHealth/Teens/Homework-Help-
for-Teens/Problems-at-School/Someone-at-School-Has-a- Weapon-What-
Should-I-Do.htm?__t=1198
I. ROBBERIES WITH GUNS: NEIGHBORHOOD FACTORS AND THE

NATURE OF CRIME
For much of the twentieth century criminologists wrestled with questions

regarding how community context affects crime. Most of the research that
arose from these questions was based on social disorganization theory, and
addressed how neighborhood context affected the quantity of crime. Recently,
however, questions regarding the effects of neighborhood context on crime have
been broadened to also address potential variation in the nature of crime. This
is an important next step in further understanding the community context of
crime. As Kubrin (2003, p. 141) has pointed out, “neighborhoods not only
experience different levels of violence but also experience qualitatively different
types of violence, begging the question, How does the structure of a community
influence the forms of deviant adaptation that emerge there?”
Social disorganization theory has provided the broadest framework for

much of the research examining neighborhood factors in relation to variation in
the quantity of crime. Social disorganization theory focuses on how
neighborhood structural characteristics affect both levels of informal social
control and cultural value systems that, in part, tolerate the use of violence.
The cultural aspects embedded in social disorganization theory, have recently

been extended to consider how adaptation to neighborhood structure may lead
to an oppositional culture. Arguably, it is this aspect of social disorganization
theory that is most relevant to the study of neighborhood variation in the
nature of crime.
The presence of an oppositional culture in neighborhoods, as well as the

structural factors that encourage such a culture, have been hypothesized to
not only increase the likelihood of violence, but also to affect the nature of that
violence. Violent crime in urban, disadvantaged neighborhood has been argued
to be not only more common, but also qualitatively different from similar
crimes occurring elsewhere.
Drawing, in large part, on Anderson's (1999) and others' (e.g., Fagan and
Wilkinson, 1998, Horowitz, 1983) ethnographic accounts of urban violence,
researchers have begun to quantitatively examine the effect of neighborhood
characteristics on the distinct nature of violent crime across neighborhoods.
The nature of violence refers to qualitative differences in the crimes, rather
than the number, or quantities, of crimes. Specific qualitative differences in
violent crimes that have been examined across neighborhoods include: the
motives for homicide, the use of a gun, the offender-victim relationship, and
the victim's resistance and level of injury
Sources: (Baumer et al., 2003, Kubrin, 2003, Kubrin and Weitzer,

2003, Miles-Doan, 1998, Kubrin and Wadsworth, 2003,
Wadsworth and Kubrin, 2004).
Kubrin (2003)
Anderson's (1999)

Fagan and Wilkinson,(1998)
J. Philippines. 2013 ‘Carrying of Firearms Outside of Residence or

Place of Business [Regulations].’ Implementing Rules and Regulations of
Republic Act No. 10591, otherwise known as 'Comprehensive Firearms and
Ammunition Regulation Act'; Rule II (Section 7), pp. 19-25. Manila: Congress
of the Republic of the Philippines. 7 December
RULE II: OWNERSHIP AND POSSESSION OF FIREARMS

Section 7. Carrying of Firearms Outside of Residence or Place of Business
7.1 A permit to carry firearms outside of residence or place of business

shall be issued by the Chief, PNP or his/her duly authorized
representative to the licensed citizen allowing him/her to carry the
firearm outside the residence or place of business.
7.2 A licensed citizen whose life is under actual threat or imminent

danger may apply for the issuance of a PTCFOR. The written application
made under oath and duly notarized shall be filed together with the threat
assessment certificate issued by the PNP…
7.4 Licensed sports shooter may apply for PTCFOR that will cover three
(3) firearms at one time inclusive of the allowed quantity of ammunition
mentioned in Section 12…1
7.11 The following guidelines regarding the manner of carrying firearms shall
be observed…
7.11.2 For All Other Persons: (including members of the PNP,

AFP and other LEAs in civilian attire)

a) Display of firearms is prohibited. The firearms must always
be concealed;
Violation of this provision shall be subject for immediate

revocation of the License to Own and Possess Firearms and
Firearm Registration.
b) The firearm must be secured inside a vehicle or a motor

cycle compartment.
7.12 The following other restriction shall likewise be observed:
a) PTCFOR-LEA is non-transferable;
b) The firearm shall not be brought inside places of worship,
public drinking and amusement places and all other
commercial or public establishment…
CONCLUSION
I have included a number of various articles and topics about Gun Safety
in various places – home, school, street, neighborhood, and car and I have also
included some pertinent laws on Gun Safety and Gun Laws.
After careful analysis and evaluation, I conclude:
That in the discussion of Gun Safety, there are a number of risks and
dangers when we discuss about guns. Guns can protect us only if we know
how to use them properly. Therefore it is imperative to say that we must, first
and foremost, use guns to protect our lives when the situation calls and when
our lives are at stake in protecting our loved ones.

That violence is anywhere and guns can be anywhere even in the place
we least expect – the school. It is also imperative that we coordinate with the
school regarding the safety of our future children and teach them how to be
safe and what to do when they see a weapon at any place.
That the guidelines for Gun Safety in our country must be strictly
imposed especially now that crimes are prevalent and as expected, criminals
will not commit crimes without weapons. We must be vigilant in the
neighborhood for the safety of our family
That responsibility owner of guns are not really free from violence
because there are people who disobey the laws and illegal guns may still be
around illegally carried by people who have criminal intentions.
Future studies are recommended.
REFERENCES
1. J. Frankel (2021)
Global Security Unit
2. Jonathan Church (2016)
The Critical Importance of Gun Safety
April 3, 2016 by
3. Gun law in the Philippines
4. The Four Primary Rules of Firearm Safety
https://www.concealedcarry-ed.com/utah/studyGuide/The-Four-
Primary-Rules-of-Firearm-Safety/801046_14097/

5. Firearm Safety
https://www.google.com/search?q=firearm+safety+rules&rlz=1C1
CHZL_enUS682US682&oq=Firearm+safety&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i
67j0l3j69i60l3.6058j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
6. Ten Commandments of Fire Arms Safety

http://www.newfranklin.org/images/article_images/10_Command
ments_of_Firearm_Safety.pdf
7. Amy W. Anzilotti, MD (2018)

Gun Safety
https://www.google.com/search?q=Amy+W.+Anzilotti%2C+MD+(2
018)+Gun+Safety&rlz=1C1CHZL_enUS682US682&oq=Amy+W.+An zilotti
%2C+MD+(2018)+Gun+Safety&aqs=chrome..69i57.1565j0j7&
sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
8. HR Dept. (2017)
Why Firearms Training is Important for Your Safety
HR Dept | Apr 10, 2017 | Blog, Insider Tips | 0 comments
https://www.pwgrange.com/firearms-training-safety/
9. Judy Schaechter,
Guns in the Home
By: Judy Schaechter, MD, MBA, FAAP
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-
home/Pages/Handguns-in-the-Home.aspx

10. Eric Perez MD, Marianne Fraser MSN RN, Maryann Foley RN BSN
(2020)
Health Encyclopedia
URMC/ Encyclopedia/ Firearms Safety
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?cont
enttypeid=85&contentid=P00833
11. Driving with a Gun

Guide to Basic Gun Safety
Last Updated on January 14th, 2020
https://www.alarms.org/guide-to-basic-gun-safety/
12. Secondary Dangers - Gun safety

http://www.savetheguns.com/safety_rules.htm
13. Carolee Boyles. (2004)
"Safety sells - safety devices for gun owners and their firearms".
Shooting Industry. Archived from the original on 2004-10-30.
https://web.archive.org/web/20041030233116/http:/www.findar
ticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3197/is_11_43/ai_53377562
14 Roy Huntington. (2009)

"Gun safety & safety products". Shooting Industry. Archived
from the original on 2012-07-08.
Gun Safety Rules; Save a life by reading this page and give it to a
friend". www.SaveTheGuns.com. 2000–2009. Retrieved 2009-05- 18.
15 Amy W. Anzilotti, MD
Someone at School has a Weapon, What should I do?
Date reviewed: 2018-04-12

https://www.brennerchildrens.org/KidsHealth/Teens/Homework-Help-
for-Teens/Problems-at-School/Someone-at-School-Has-a- Weapon-What-
Should-I-Do.htm?__t=1198
16 Baumer et al., 2003, Kubrin, 2003, Kubrin and Weitzer, 2003,
Miles-Doan, 1998, Kubrin and Wadsworth, 2003, Wadsworth and
Kubrin, 2004.
Robberies With Guns: Neighborhood Factors And The Nature Of Crime
17 (Baumer et al., 2003, Kubrin, 2003, Kubrin and Weitzer,

2003, Miles-Doan, 1998, Kubrin and Wadsworth, 2003,
Wadsworth and Kubrin, 2004).
https://www.google.com/search?q=(Baumer+et+al.%2C+2003%2C
+Kubrin%2C+2003%2C+Kubrin+and+Weitzer%2C+2003%2C+Mile s-
Doan%2C+1998%2C+Kubrin+and+Wadsworth%2C+2003%2C+Wa
dsworth+and+Kubrin%2C+2004).&rlz=1C1CHZL_enUS682US682&
oq=(Baumer+et+al.%2C+2003%2C+Kubrin%2C+2003%2C+Kubrin
+and+Weitzer%2C+%09%09%092003%2C+Miles-
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9%09%09Wadsworth+and+Kubrin%2C+2004).&aqs=chrome..69i57
.4503j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
18. Kubrin (2003)

New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory
Charis E. Kubrin, Ronald Weitzer
First Published November 1, 2003
19. Fagan and Wilkinson,(1998)

Social contexts and functions of adolescent violence.
Fagan, J., & Wilkinson, D. L. (1998). Social contexts and functions
of adolescent violence. In D. S. Elliott, B. A. Hamburg, & K. R.

Williams (Eds.), Violence in American schools: A new perspective (p.
55–93). Cambridge University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511840913.003
20. Anderson's (1999)

Violence-Related Norms and the “Code of the Street
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110733/
https://www.google.com/search?q=andersons+1999&rlz=1C1CHZ
L_enUS682US682&oq=andersons+1999&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i
30l9.5529j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
21. Philippines. 2013 ‘Carrying of Firearms Outside of Residence or
Place of Business [Regulations].’ Implementing Rules and Regulations of
Republic Act No. 10591, otherwise known as 'Comprehensive Firearms
and Ammunition Regulation Act'; Rule II (Section 7), pp. 19-25. Manila:
Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. 7 December

Ña, Beatriz C. Del Rosario, John Alex Diaz, Liesa Reynne Gregorio, Elina Dyanne Santos, Shane V

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING GUN SAFETY RULES TO

AVOID ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGED OF FIREARMS

In partial fulfillment of the course PE212 – Fundamentals of

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Intended to prevent both negligent and accidental discharge and the

To promote awareness, training and testing shall be implemented to

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

It is an honor that we have been a part of the current population who

According to J. Frankel (2021) of the Global Security Unit, access

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Firearm Safety Tips

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

1.0 The Three Basic General Rules of Safe Gun Handling.

1.1 Always point the muzzle in a safe direction; never point a

2.0 Additional specific rules of safe gun handling

2.1 Treat every firearm as if it were loaded.

2.2 Never pass a firearm to another person, or accept a firearm

2.3 Before handling any firearm, understand its operation.

2.4 Never rely on any mechanical device for safety.

2.6 Never joke around or engage in horseplay while handling or

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

2.8 Don’t sleep with a loaded firearm in your bedroom if you

2.11 Receive competent instruction from a qualified person before

3.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Target.

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

4.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Firearm.

4.1 Make sure your firearm is in good mechanical condition

4.3 Insure that any modifications made to a firearm are made by

4.4 Be sure all accessories, such as holsters and grips, are

4.5 Remember: a backup firearm carried about your person may

4.6 It is your responsibility to insure that your firearm is always

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

4.7 When storing a firearm for a long period of time, consider

4.10 Generally avoid carrying or storing an external hammer-type

4.11 Generally avoid unloading a firearm by working the

4.12 Never use a scope mounted on a firearm as a general

4.13 Avoid trying to catch a live round (while unloading a

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

5.1 Be sure your gun and ammunition are compatible. Shooting

5.2 Relying on ammunition which doesn’t feed reliably in your

5.3 Use only ammunition recommended for your firearm by its

5.4 Use reloaded ammunition judiciously. Be aware that many

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

5.6 Carry only one caliber of ammunition when shooting.

5.7 Accidentally grabbing the wrong ammunition while shooting

5.8 Insure you carry sufficient spare ammunition for your

5.10 Dispose of unwanted ammunition safely.

6.0 Safety Rules Related to Your Firearm’s Holster and Ammo

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

7.0 Miscellaneous Safety Rules.

7.1 At a range, obey the commands of the range officers, or any

7.2 Be careful of hot gases and metal shavings ejected at the

7.4 In the event of a misfire, keep the firearm pointed in a safe

7.5 If you hear an unusual sound upon squeezing the trigger or

7.6.1 Climb a tree with a loaded firearm,

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

7.6.3 Jump a ditch or ford a stream with a

7.6.4 Scale or descend a steep incline or hill

7.6.5 Climb a tree, or climb into a hunting