CHAPTER 2

Content and Contextual

Analysis of Selected Primary
Sources in the Philippine
History
 “Proclamation
of the
Philippine
Independence”
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
 Every year, the country commemorates the
anniversary of the Philippine Independence
proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of Cavite.

 Indeed, such events is a significant turning point in

the history of the country because it signalled the end
of the 333 years of Spanish colonization.
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
 Interestingly, reading the details of the said documents in hindsight is
telling of the kind of government that was created under Aguinaldo,
and the forthcoming hand of the United States of America of the next
few years of the newly created republic.
 The declaration was a short 2,000 words documents which
summarized the reason behind revolution against Spain.
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
 The documents also narrates the “Cavite Mutiny” of January 1872.
 The proclamation of Independence also invokes that the established
republic would be led under the dictatorship of Emilio Aguinaldo
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
 The document specifically mentioned abuses and inequalities in the
Colony. The declaration Says: (Students will Read the Paragraph)
From here the proclamation proceeded with a brief historical
overview of the Spaniard occupation since Magellan’s arrive in
Visayas, until the Philippine revolution, with specific details about the
latter, especially after the Pact-of Biak-na-Bato had collapsed.
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
1896- the Philippine Revolution
began. Eventually, the Spanish
signed an agreement with
revolutionaries.
Emilio Aguinaldo went to
Hongkong. At the outbreak of
the Spanish-American War.
Reading the “Proclamation of
the Philippine Independence”
Commodore George Dewey sailed from Hongkong to
Manila Bay leading a squadron of U.S navy ships.
 May 1, 1898, the United States defeated the Spanish
in the battle of the Manila Bay
 The U.S Navy transported Aguinaldo back to the
Philippines
THE PROCLAMATION OF JUNE 12
 Independence was proclaimed on June
12, 1898 between four and five in the
afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral
home of General Emilio Aguinaldo
 The event saw the unfurling of the
National Flag of the Philippines, made
in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo,
Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza
THE PROCLAMATION OF JUNE
12
 And the performance of the Marcha Filipina
Magdalo, as the national anthem, now known
as the Lupang Hinirang, which was composed
by Julian Felipe and played by the San
Francisco de Malabon marching Band.
 The act of the Declaration of the
Independence was prepared, written and
read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in
Spanish.
THE PROCLAMATION OF JUNE 12
 The declaration was signed by ninety-eight people, among them an
American Army officer who attended the proceedings, Mr. L.M
Johnson, a Coronel of Artillery.
 The proclamation of the Philippine independence was, however,
promulgated on 1 August , when many towns had already been
organized under the rules laid down by the Dictatorial Government of
General Aguinaldo.
THE PROCLAMATION OF JUNE 12
 The declaration was not recognized by the U.S nor
Spain and Spain later sold the Philippines to the
United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris Ended the
Spanish-American War.
Philippine American War- The Philippine
Revolutionary Government did not recognize the
treaty of American sovereignty, and subsequently
fought and lost a conflict with United States
THE PROCLAMATION OF JUNE 12
 Ended when Emilio Aguinaldo was
captured by the U.S forces and issued a
statement acknowledgement and
accepting the sovereignty of the United
States over the Philippines.
Following World War II, the US granted
independence to the Philippines on July
4, 1946 via the Treaty of Manila.
TREATY OF PARIS (1898)
 1964- President Diosdado
Macapagal signed into law R.A
No. 4166 designating June 12
as the country’s independence
Day.