DRUG EDUCATION

WHAT IS A DRUG?
A drug is any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes
when used.

WHAT IS DANGEROUS DRUGS are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency,
these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.

WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?

Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results to changes in an
individual’s physical, mental or behavioral condition.

WHAT IS DRUG DEPENDENCY?

o This is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or
drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or
continuous basis.
o A person dependent on drugs will experience withdrawal reactions (also known as “cold
turkey”, symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly)
after abstaining from drugs.

WHAT IS ADDICTION?
Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive
drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant drug use.

WHY DO PEOPLE TURN TO DRUGS?

o Family Problem
o Peer pressure
o Curiosity/Experimenting
o Feel good
o Escape from reality/Loneliness
o Prescription Drugs
o Mental Health Disorder (Depression, Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD))

COMMONLY SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE

o Changes in attendance in school or work
o Changes in the normal capabilities in school/work
o Abrupt changes in overall attitude
o Generally lazy, irritable, discourteous, aggressive
o Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
o Manipulative
o Have a distorted view of reality
o Low frustration tolerance
o Prefers to stay with peers (barkada)
o May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
o Poor physical appearance (unconcerned with grooming and hygiene)
o Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
o Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks (long- sleeved garments)
o Stealing items which can be readily sold
o Unusual borrowing of money from relatives and friends
o Association with known drug abusers

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ORIGIN
1. NATURAL
Anything that comes from Nature like marijuana

2. SYNTHETIC
Anything that is produced artificially or processed in the laboratory like ecstasy and
shabu

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS

1. Stimulants
2. Depressants
3. Hallucinogens

1. STIMULANTS
o Also known as “uppers”
o Any of a group of drugs that excite the central nervous system. It increase alertness,
alleviate fatigue, reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well-being.
o Ex. Cocaine, Methamphetamine (SHABU)

2. DEPRESSANT
o Also called “Downers” or “Barbs”
o any drug or chemical that decreases the activity of any bodily function. The term is most
often used to refer to drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous system
o Ex: Sedatives, Sleeping Pills, Tranquilizer

3.

4. HALLUCINOGENS
o Also called “Psychedelics”
o First developed as appetite suppressant
o Any natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs that produce marked distortion of the senses
and changes in perception
o Ex. MJ, LSD, Ecstasy, Ketamine

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COMMONLY ABUSED SUBSTANCES:
1. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis (Marijuana)
3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)

1. Methamphetamine HCL

Methamphetamine hydrochloride (HCL) a type of amphetamine is also

known as “poor man’s cocaine”. Other names are Shabu, Ubas, Siopao, Sha
and Ice. Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter
numbing taste.

Abusers are known to take this drug by ingestion inhalation (chasing the
dragon), sniffing (snorting) or by injection. Amphetamines are regularly
absorbed orally and are associated with a rapid onset of action, usually within one hour when taken
orally. If taken intravenously or through injection, they have an almost immediate effect.

Street names: shabu, ice, meth, crystal, chalk, crank, glass, Chemical Ice, speed, Tina, kristal,
basura, tawas

Adverse effects of methamphetamine:

o Produces anxiety, tension, irritability, irrational behavior, talkativeness and loss of self
control
o Results in loss of appetite and inability to sleep
o Euphoria, elation
o Can lead to acute psychotic reactions, violent and destructive behavior and recklessness that
may results in accidents

Physiological Effects

Includes chest pain, irregularity of heart beat, elevated or lowered bloodpressure, evidence of
weight loss, convulsion and death from cardiac arrest.

Long Term Effects

o Psychiatric consequence are the major feature of chronic “shabu” abuse and dependency.
Prolonged use and even a single exposure especially if administered intravenously can lead to
manifestation of a full blown psychosis which is similar to schizophrenia characterized by the
presence of paranoid delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations. The paranoia may lead to
violent and aggressive behavior.

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 o Some chornic users have difficulty concentrating and remembering things. Diminished ability
to cope with problems and difficulties in facing reality are common. Loss of interest in sex,
ambition or motivation may also result.
o Chronic snorters may suffer from severe irritation of the nasal passages and at times may
even develop tissue perforation of the nasal septum so that they become prone to frequent
nose bleed. Renal damage, heart disease and stroke have been documented among chronic
abusers.
o Injecting shabu from contaminated needles may lead to risk if infections resulting to
inflammation of blood vessels (Endicarditis), blood poisoning (Septicemia) and the most
dreaded disease AIDS, all which can lead to death.

2. Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana)

Marijuana is the term used to describe all the plant material like leaves, tops,
stems, flowers and roots from a cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), dried and
prepared for smoking or taken orally as “brownies”. The mind altering component
is the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short, which is concentrated in the
resin. Smoked cannabis produces a dreamy state of consciousness in which ideas
seem disconnected, unanticipated and free-flowing. Time, color and spatial
perceptions may be altered. In general, a feeling of well-being and relaxation is felt.
Panic reactions have occurred, particularly in naïve users.

Street names: Cannabis, marijuana, blow, resin, hashish, oil, green, grass, hooch, weed, dope,
gungun, ganja, hash, leaf, pot, bango, hemp, marihuana, thai-sticks, buddha-
sticks, joint-sticks, kif, marie-jeanne, sinsemilla, charas, hash, khif, shit, H,
hashish. Sometimes, marijuana is also used in combination with other substances
like PCP or crack cocaine. In such cases, a whole new array of names comes into
play like “boat”, “acc”, “amp”, etc.

Immediate Effects:

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 o Increased heart rate
o conjuctival injection (red eye) and dry mouth occur regularly.
o Communicative and motor abilities are decreased
o depth perception and tracking are impaired
o and sense of timing is altered

Adverse Effects:

o Impairment of memory and short-term cognitive funZctioning particularly mathematical

skills, reading and verbal comprehensive skills.
o Impairment of motor skills can lead to accidents, respiratory problems such as bronchitis or
lung cancer
o Premature babies/low birth weight, abortion or still birth (neonatal death)
o Panic or state of anxiety, sometimes accompanied with paranoia
o A motivational syndrome – regular use of marijuana dulls the mind of the smoker, blunts
enthusiasms and takes away drive
o Burnout – the use can become dull, slow moving, inattentive and unaware of the
surroundings
o Regular pot smokers are specially susceptible to infections
o It reduces sperm production and alters sperm shape and mobility
o It reduces testosterone level so that pre-teenage boys are at increased risk as are adults with
marital fertility –temporary loss of fertility to both sexes.
o Symptoms of mental illness (Psychosis) is exacerbated

3. Inhalants

Inhalant abuse is the deliberate inhalation of volatile chemical

substance that contain psycho active (mind/mmod altering) vapors to
produce a state of intoxication. Most inhalants are common household
products including everyday products such as nail polish remover, glue,
gasoline, household cleaners, and nitrous oxide. Inhalants also include
fluorinated hydrocarbons found in aerosols such as hairspray, spray
paint, and household cleaners.

Ex: Glue and Adhesive Cement / Rugby / Super Glue / Thinner

Immediate Effects
o Confusion
o Distorted perception of time and distance
o Aggressive behavior/violence
o Hallucinations
o Illusions
o Nausea and vomiting
o Drowsiness and weightless

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Delayed Effects

o Loss of memory
o Inability to think
o Muscle cramps and weakness
o Numbness in limbs
o Abdominal pains
o Damage to the central nervous system, kidney, liver and possible bone marrow

OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE

ECSTASY

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as

"Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam", "Eden Tablet", or by its any other name - refers
to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers
or derivatives in any form; "Ecstasy", the other trendy drug, is the term used
for a group of "designer" drugs closely related in chemical form to the
amphetamine family of illicit drugs. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or
MDMA is the chemical name for "ecstasy" but it is also known as X-TC,
ADAM or Eden Tablet, the yuppie drug, and the hug drug, among others. Demand for this drug
caused its price to soar up to 2,000 pesos today.

MDMA was first developed as an appetite suppressant in 1914 by the German company, Merck. In
the 1970's, U.S. therapists led by biochemist Alexander Shulgin used the drug to help patients
explore their feelings

Street Terms: essence, adam, MDM, MDMA, XTC, eve, MDE, MDEA

Adverse Effects

o Fatigue and perhaps depression after the drug is stopped,

o Restlessness, anxiety and pronounced visual and auditory hallucinations at large doses,
o Nausea and Vomiting,
o A rise in blood pressure and heart rate, death from heart failure or stroke.
o Prolonged regular use can lead to the same long-term effects as with synthetic stimulants,
including a potential for neurotoxicity and brain damage as well as liver damage

OPIATES

Opiates, sometimes called narcotics, are a group of drugs that are used
medically to relieve pain, but have a high potential for abuse. Some opiates
come from a resin taken from the seedpod of the Asian poppy. Opiates that
are commonly abused are Opium, Morphine, Codeine, and synthesized or
manufactured opiates.

Opium - refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver

Somniferum L.) and embraces every kind, class and character of opium,
whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same, narcotic

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preparations thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium; preparations in which opium,
morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; poppy straw; and leaves
or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared for use or not;

Opium Poppy - refers to any part of the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver
setigerum DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which includes the
seeds, straws, branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances derived thereform, even for floral,
decorative and culinary purposes.

BANGKOK PILLS

One of the latest drugs out in the market today is the infamous
Bangkok pills. These pills are not registered with the Bureau of Food
and Drugs, which is why they are not legally allowed to be placed on
the local market, because of the unsafe combination of substances in
the product.

The pill has been found to contain ephedrine, bisacodyl, furosemide,

phentermine, and fenfluramine.

COCAINE

Cocaine is a drug from the leaves of the Cocao plant, which are greenish-yellow
leaves of different size and appearance. A shrub that originated in South America.
This drug affects the central nervous system as a stimulant. Cocaine is often called
the “champagne of drugs” because of its high cost.

It makes you feel like your body is going very fast. Your heart races and the “highs”
and “lows” are sudden. Crack, which is smoked, is a much stronger form of cocaine.

Street Terms: Cocaine, crack, coke, C, charlie, nose candy, toot, bazooka, big C, cake, lady,
stardust, coco, flake, mister coffee, blanche, koks, snow.

Effects:
A small amount of cocaine will raise your body temperature, make your heart beat faster, increase
your breathing, make you feel over confident and make you more alert with extra energy. When
crack is smoked, all of these feelings are intensified.

Excessive doses may lead to convulsions, seizures, strokes, cerebral haemorrhage or heart failure.
Long term effects of cocaine/crack use will lead to strong psychological dependence, and other
health problems like destroying nose tissues, breathing problems and losing weight.

HEROIN

Heroin is a drug obtained from morphine and comes from the opium poppy
plant. Heroin is a drug that slows down your body and mind. It is a very
strong painkiller and can be one of the most dangerous things to mix with
other drugs

Heroin usually comes in a rock or powdered form, which is generally white or

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pink/beige in color and could come also in dark grey/medium brown. Heroin can be injected,
snorted, smoked, or inhaled. This last method is often called “ chasing the dragon”.

Street Names: Hammer, horse, H, junk, nod, smack, skag, white, beige, white lady, white stuff, joy
powder boy, hairy, harry, joy powder.

Effects:

When injected, heroin provides an extremely powerful rush and a high that usually last for between
4 and 6 hours. The effects of heroin include a feeling of well being, relief from pain, fast physical
and psychological dependence, sometimes nausea and vomiting, sleepiness, loss of balance, loss of
concentration and loss of appetite.

An overdose can result in death. One of the most dangerous effects of injecting heroin is the
increased possibility of contracting AIDS. A lot of the time, people who inject heroin use each other’s
needles and this is the main source of infection. Studies have also shown that people who are “high”
on drugs tend to have unprotected sex. This too puts you at risk of getting the AIDS virus.

SEDATIVES

Sedative-hypnotics such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and sedatives are drugs,

which depress or slow down body functions. These drugs ca be dangerous when not
taken according to physician's instructions.

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES (NPS)

These new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been

known in the market by terms such as “designer
drugs”, legal highs”, “herbal highs”, “bath salts”,
“research chemicals”, “laboratory reagents”. To
promote clear terminology on thisissue, UNODC only
uses the term “new psychoactive substances (NPS)”
which are defined as “substances of abuse, either in a
pure form or a preparation, that are not controlled by
the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances,
but which may pose a public health threat”. The term “new” does not necessarily refer to new
inventions - several NPS were first synthesized 40 years ago - but to substances that have recently
emerged on the market and which have not been scheduled under the above Conventions.

What are the risks of NPS?

The use of NPS is often linked to health problems. NPS users have frequently been hospitalized with
severe intoxications. There have also been a number of unexplained suicides associated with
preceding use of synthetic cannabinoids (Spice). In addition, substances like 4-
methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 4-
methylamphetamine (4-MA) have been associated with fatalities.

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How widespread are NPS?

According to the UNODC report “The challenge of new psychoactive substances”, NPS have become
a global phenomenon and all regions of the world have been affected by it. 70 (out of 80) countries
and territories surveyed (88%) reported the emergence of NPS.

How many NPS are there?

UNODC research found more than 250 substances, including ketamine, which were reported by
Governments and laboratories around the world. This figure is greater than the 234 substances
scheduled under the international drugs conventions. In February 2013, five new substances were
reported by drug analysis laboratories. Technically, the number of potential derivatives is unlimited.
As long as there is no global monitoring mechanism on such substances, information on them
willremain inconsistent.

TOBACCO

o Tobacco means the curved leaves of the tobacco plant “nicotiana tobacu” which contains a
very potent ingredient called nicotine.

CONTENTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE

NICOTINE. Important active ingredients which is a very addictive and toxic (poisonous)
substance.

TAR. Substance left behind on the filter by the tobacco smoke, known to be strong associated
with cancer and aggravates bronchial and other respiratory diseases

CARBON MONOXIDE. Gaseous product of incomplete combustion it is also known as a

poisonous emission from the exhaust of motor vehicles, which in effect decreases the amount
of oxygen in the blood

Cigarette Contents

o Ammonia – used to clean bathrooms

o Cadmium – component of car battery
o Carbon Monoxide – from car / factory exhaust
o Nicotine – used as a mixture in insecticide
o Tar – ingredients for asphalt
o Vinyl Chloride – used for plastic manufacture
o Cyanide – poison gas used by Hitler in his concentration camps
o DDT – used to kill cockroach
o Formaldehyde (Formalin) – used for embalming

Immediate Effects
o Smelly breath, hair and clothes
o Stained teeth and fingers
o Increase heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure
o Reduced blood supply to extremities (hands and feet because the blood vessel are
constricted)
o Stimulated central nervous system
o Smoking exposes “the smokers” and others to health risks

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 Long Term Effects

o Sickness
o Heart Attack
o Cancer
o Bronchitis and Emphysema
o Ulcers
o Infertility

ALCOHOL

o Alcohol is a powerful drug. Alcoholic drinks contain the drug “ethanol” (ethyl alcohol). It is
a toxic and poisonous drug. It poisons the body if taken in large quantities simply or in
combination with other drugs.

o Alcohol damages all the major organs of the body. Alcohol is a depressant drug, not a
stimulant as erroneously believed. Pure alcohol is colorless and tasteless. Alcoholic drinks
vary in color and taste because of the ingredients used to flavor them.

ILL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE

A. MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

a. Disturbance in Perception – auditory and visual hallucination
b. Disturbance in Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
c. Disturbance in Memory
d. Disturbance in Judgment – depression that may lead to suicide
e. Stress

B. PHYSICAL HEALTH/PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

a. Systemic
1. Cardiac (HEART) Pathology – irregularity of heart beat, elevated or lowered blood
pressure, chest pain, convulsions or death from cardiac arrest
2. Pulmonary (LUNG) Illnesses
3. Hepatic (LIVER) Problems
4. Renal (KIDNEY) Diseases

b. General Health
1. Malnutrition or weight loss
2. Infections
3. Accidents
4. Blood Transmitted Disease

c. Usage
1. Tolerance – the individual needs more drugs to achieve the same effects they did
previously with a smaller amount
2. Dependence – the substance becomes the central point to the individual’s life and
they can’t function properly without it
3. Withdrawal – this happens when the individual reduced or stopped the substance
use.
4. Overdose – the level of intoxication reaches a point where it begins to produce
physical and/or psychological harm. This can lead to death.
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C. Economic Effects
a. Employment loss – individuals lose their effectivity and efficiency in the work place
b. Academic difficulties – for the youth, being unable to accomplish their course work can
affect their performance at school and their grades
c. Financial problems – addiction to substance requires more monetary resources since the
individual is forced to consume more of the substance to get their fix

D. Social Effects
a. Conflictual / Dysfunctional Relationships – an individual under the influence of drugs
creates tension and conflict with their family members and among their peers that can
result in broken relationships and abandonment.
b. Violence – some of the chemicals in the abused substance can impaired the mind to think
illogically and to act aggressively that can have the individual act violently in social
settings.
c. Safety – an individual under the influence of drugs can put someone in dangerous
circumstances and can be prone to accidents.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

Substance abusers can be classified according to the frequency of their substance use:
1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for experimental basis.
2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug occasionally/whenever there are special occasions.
They abuse the drug once every two (2) weeks to two (2) times a week.
3. Regular Users – abuse the drug on a regular basis approximately three (3) to four (4)
times a week or every other day.
4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drug(s) everyday (almost everyday)
or about five (5) to seven (7) times a week.
5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance Induced Psychosis – drug abusers who
manifest signs and symptom of psychotic disorders caused by the effects of drugs
(hallucinations, disorientation, delusions, etc.)

SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCY AND KEEPING DRUG-FREE

WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR DRUG DEPENDENCY?

o Withdrawal symptoms
o Need to take drugs to overcome withdrawal symptoms
o Compulsion
o Tolerance
o Relapse
o Reduced social/occupational act

HOW CAN YOU STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS?

o Devote yourself to your studies and other productive activities at home or in school
o Stay away from people, places and events that promote drug use
o Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using drugs
o Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
o Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
o Always say NO

WHAT ARE THE COUNTER-MEASURES FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE?

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Republic Act (RA) No. 9165, THE “COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002”

Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug, regardless
of the quantity and purity involved, including any and all species of opium poppy or any part
thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes.

from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import
any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

unless authorized under the Act, shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical through the use of a diplomatic passport,
diplomatic facilities or any other means involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the
unlawful entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and canceled.

organizes, manages, or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.

enty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine

ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

sand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another,
distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and all species of
opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such
transactions.

and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell,
trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or

12
transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or shall act as a broker in such
transactions.

messengers, or in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals trade, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case.

uld a
dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor and essential chemical involved in any offense herein
provided be the proximate cause of death of a victim thereof, the maximum penalty provided for
under this Section shall be imposed.

twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of
persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is used or sold in any
form.

and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a
den, dive, or resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any
form.

such den, dive or resort, the penalty of death and a fine ranging from One million (P1,000,000.00)
to Fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00) shall be imposed on the maintainer, owner and/or
operator.

escheated in favor of the government: Provided, that the criminal complaint shall specifically allege
that such place is

intentionally used in the furtherance of the crime; Provided, further, that the prosecution shall
prove such intent on the part of the owner to use the property for such purpose; Provided, finally,
that the owner shall be included as an accused in the criminal complaint.

organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.

ty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine

ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort

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and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:

(a) Any employee of den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place as such; and
(b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding paragraph, is aware
of the nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit the same.

Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who unless
authorized by law, shall engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drug.

and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who unless authorized by law, shall
manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be
considered an aggravating circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established
under the following circumstances:
(a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or with the help
of minor/s;
(b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within one hundred
(100) meters of a residential, business, church or school premises;
(c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
(d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business operations; or
(e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or foreigner.

ho
organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.

ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

he penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who unless authorized by law, shall
illegally divert any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who shall deliver, possess with intent to
deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and

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other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably
should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture,
compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain or conceal
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation of the Act.

fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
imposed if it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a
dangerous drug in violation of the Act.

uses a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual to deliver such equipment, instrument,

apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.

Possession of Dangerous Drugs

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the following quantities,
regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
(a) 10 grams or more of opium;
(b) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(c) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(d) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(e) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”;
(f) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(g) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(h) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or “ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate
(GHB), and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives without
having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements, as determined and promulgated by the Board in accordance with Section 93,
Article XI of the Act.

graduated as follows:

(1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00)
to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantity of methamphetamine
hydrochloride or “shabu” is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty (50) grams;
(2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life imprisonment and a fine ranging
from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but less than
ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana
resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous
drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those
similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or
three hundred (300) grams or more but less than five hundred (500) grams of marijuana; and
(3) Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging
from Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of opium,

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 morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil,
methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous drugs such as, but not
limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed or newly
introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the
quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or less than three hundred (300)
grams of marijuana.

Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous

Drugs

onths and one (1) day to four (4) years and a

fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess or have under his/her
control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking,
consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous drug into the body:
Provided, that in the case of medical practitioners and various professionals who are required to
carry such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia in the practice of their
profession, the Board shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines thereof.

such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or

intended for any of the purposes enumerated in the preceding paragraph shall be prima facie
evidence that the possessor has smoked, consumed, administered to himself/herself, injected,
ingested or used a dangerous drug and shall be presumed to have violated Section 15 of the Act.

Possession of Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings

meeting, or in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons, shall suffer the maximum
penalties provided for in Section 11 of the Act, regardless of the quantity and purity of such
dangerous drugs.

two (2) others, who may or may not be in possession of any dangerous drug.

Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous

Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings

who shall possess or have under his/her control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or
introducing any dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social gatherings or meetings, or in
the proximate company of at least two (2) persons.

two (2) others, who may or may not be in possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus and
other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.

Use of Dangerous Drugs

after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation
in a government center for the first offense, subject to the provision of Article VIII of the Act. If
apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of

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imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from
Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, that
this Section shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her
possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of the Act, in which
case the provisions stated therein shall apply.

Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who shall
plant, cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity, which
is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a source from which any dangerous drug
may be manufactured or derived: Provided, that in the case of medical laboratories and medical
research centers which cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy and other plants, or materials
of such dangerous drugs for medical experiments and research purposes, or for the creation of new
types of medicine, the Board shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines for the proper
cultivation, culture, handling, experimentation and disposal of such plants and materials.

cultured shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the State, unless the owner thereof can
prove lack of knowledge of such cultivation or culture despite the exercise of due diligence on
his/her part. If the land involved is part of the public domain, the maximum penalty provided for
under this Section shall be imposed upon the offender.

organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.

nty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine

ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler” of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or

Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer
who violates or fails to comply with the maintenance and keeping of the original records of
transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in
accordance with Section 40 of the Act.

profession, in case of a practitioner, or of the business, in case of a manufacturer, seller, importer,

distributor, dealer or retailer.

Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation of his/her license to practice shall
be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose
physical or physiological condition does not require its use or in the dosage prescribed therein, as
determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent experts who are authorized

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representatives of professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are involved in
the care of persons with severe pain.

Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any other writing purporting to be a
prescription for any dangerous drug.

These are some of the important provisions in the Republic Act 9165 also known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

o SEC 5 – sale, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and transportation of

dangerous drugs
o SEC 6 – maintenance of den, dive or resort
o SEC 11 – possession of dangerous drugs
o SEC 15 – use of dangerous drugs
o SEC 19 – unlawful prescription of dangerous drugs
o SEC 36 – authorized drug testing
o SEC 54 – voluntary submission of a drug dependent to confinement, rehabilitation
o SEC 60 – confidentiality of records under the voluntary submission
o SEC 61 – compulsory confinement of a drug dependent who refuses to apply under the
voluntary submission

Executive Order No. 15 . Creation of an Inter-agency committee on anti-illegal drugs (CAD) and
anti-illegal drug task force to suppress the drug problem in the country.
YOUTH’S IN DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION

As drug abuse and addiction is prevalent in younger generation, it is imperative that the youth take
part in its prevention and rehabilitation efforts. Youth group or organizations can be a vehicle in
which their community can help alleviate or eradicate the possibility of drug abuse. Whether
individually or as a group, the youth is a good driving force that could shape the drug abuse
prevention initiative of the country. Here are some ways the youth can step up in this endeavor:

1. UNDERSTAND. Know the concept and reality of drug abuse. Having a grasp of the
addiction can help in avoiding it and watching out for others.
2. LISTEN. Open yourself up in the knowledge of the experts and experiences of others that
have undergone the abuse. Hear the stories and get their lessons to heart.
3. SHARE. Share your knowledge and network in aiding others towards being informed and
recognizing their role in drug prevention.
4. ENCOURAGE. Give your peers and family members a good push in the right direction
whether its prevention or rehabilitation.
5. SUPPORT. Take part in activities beneficial in the drug abuse prevention initiative. Add
your presence to the growing force tackling this issue.
6. ORGANIZE. Great minds think a like. Having a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to
combine efforts and sources to create a bigger impact about the concern.
7. INFORM. Approached appropriate government agencies regarding incidents and cases of
drug abuse.

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STATISTICS FROM JULY 1, 2016 TO MARCH 31, 2019

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Activities:

1. What services exist in your community that can be used in the prevention of substance use?
2. What other services do you think are still needed in your community to help prevent or
reduce substance use among young people?

Sources:

Agas, J, De Leon, M. & Ricafrente, M. (2019). MAPUA-NSTP Program Module

https://pdea.gov.ph/drug-trends/facts-about-drugs#marijuana

https://rm.coe.int/1680746036

Understanding substance abuse. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/

handbook_what_are_drugs.pdf

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