Lab Report 7

PWM & PCM

Anand Sarbabidya,
ID#021161088_A_EEE3308_Summer_2021, Dept. of EEE, United International University,
Madani Avenue, Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
aarbabidya161088@bseee.uiu.ac.bd

Abstract-Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used for controlling the amplitude of digital
signals in order to control devices and applications requiring power or electricity. Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method
used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital
telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at
uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.

Keywords- Simulink, PWM, PCM, message signal, Sampling, Quantization, Retrieved Signal, Comparator, Encoder, Decoder,
Low Pass Filter , High Pass Filter.

Discussion: Fig.1 We are comparing an analog signal with sawtooth signal to generate our PWM signal which we
later on convert and pass-through Low Pass Filter which is basically acting as a changing capacitor during an output
of sample and hold in order to generate the message signal. However, the received signal has a dc offset which we
have to eliminate. So, we use a High Pass Filter.

Fig. 1: Simulink model connection diagram for PWM modulation and Demodulation.
Fig. 2. PWM modulated Signal with Message Signal

Fig. 3: Modulated Signal and Retrieved Signal

Discussion: Fig.4 By using PCM we can recover the same analog signal. We converted the Quantized value into bit
string and interpreted the MATLAB output after encoding and decoding the signal.

Fig. 4: PCM Simulink Block Diagram

Fig. 5: Input Parameters for the Block of generating the PCM Signal
 Fig. 6: Transmitter side Signal (Analog, Pulse Train, Quantization, PCM)

Fig. 7: Quantization level followed my MSB to LSB PCM output

Fig. 8: Input Parameters of the blocks to retrieve the signal

Fig.9: Retrieved Signal

 Conclusion: Applications of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
• PWM Techniques are used in Telecommunications for encoding purposes.
• Pulse Width Modulation helps in voltage regulation and thus finds its use in controlling Brightness in Smart
Lighting Systems and also controls the speed of motors.
• Computer Motherboard requires PWM Signals that controls the heat generated in the board. 4 Pin PWM
header is embedded in the fan that helps to dissipate the heat from the motherboard.
• It is also used in Audio/Video Amplifiers.
Applications of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
• Telephony
• Satellite Communication
References:
[1] Lab sheet 8 and 9, EEE 3308/EEE 310