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• In the construction work, mechanical equipments of different design

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and type are required to suit the nature work.

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• The success of a construction project depends upon the choice of
mechanical equipment.

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 With Construction Machinaries:
• Work can be completed very fast.
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• The cost of project is reduced.

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• Less number of labourers required.

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• Heavy load can be move easily.

• Easily transportation of construction materials.
• Better quality obtained in construction.
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• Equipment for Excavation

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• Earthmoving Equipment

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• Hauling Equipment

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• Hoisting Equipment
• Conveying Equipment

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• Pumping Equipment

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• Compacting Equipment
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• Pile Driving Equipment
• Drilling Equipment
•
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Aggregate Production Equipment

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• Machinaries for bituminous road

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• Dredging Equipment
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• Use of Standard Equipment

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• Size of Equipment

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• Uniformity of type

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• Country of Origin
• Initial cost of Equipment

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• Unit cost production

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• Availability of spare parts
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• Operating facility
• Suitability for future
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EQUIPMENT FOR EXCAVATION:-
Power Shovel

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Drag Line

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Clam Shell

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Trenching Machine

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Hoe

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Scoop

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 POWER SHOVEL
Dipper Stick
Hoist Line
 To excavate the earth and to load the

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trucks

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Boom

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 Useful to excavate the soil above the

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operating level

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 Three types of Power Shovel: Crawler Dipper

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mounted,Truck mounted,Wheel mounted
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 Basic parts of power shovel including the
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mounting,cab,dipper,dipper stick,hoist
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line,boom Crawler mounting

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Cabbin

Application
  APPLICATION

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 Suitable for close range of work

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 Capable of digging very hard materials can remove big
sized boulders.

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 It is used in various types of jobs such as digging in
gravel banks, clay pits, digging cuts in road works,
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road-side berms, etc.

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New

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 DRAG LINE
 This type of excavator is used for

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Hoist cable
digging below operating level.

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 Used to excavate softer material.

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 The basic parts of a drag line

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includingmounting,cab,boom,hoist Cab Damp cable
cable,dump cable,bucket,drag cable
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Drag cable
Mounting
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Application
 APPLICATION

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 It is the most suitable machine for dragging softer

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material and below its track level.

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 Used when stuff is to be dumped as far from the unit
as possible.

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 It is mostly used in the excavation for the canals and
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depositing on the embankment without hauling units.
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 CLAM SHELL
 It consists of a bucket of two halves

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which are hinged together at top

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 The bucket is allowed to reach on top

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of loose material to be dug.

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 As bucket is lifted,the two halves
close entrapping material into the

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bucket.
 The basic parts of clam shell bucket
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are the closing line, hoist line,
sheaves,tagline, shell and hinge
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 APPLICATION

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 Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone,

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sand, gravel, coal etc.

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 Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one

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location to another.

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 Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam,

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sewer main holes, well foundations etc.
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 TRENCHING MACHINE
 Excavate trenches of constant width

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with accuracy and speed.

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 Use for excavating trenches for laying

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pipelines,sewer,drainage ditches,gas
lines etc.

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 Two types of trenching
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machine:Wheel Type
Ladder Type
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 BACK HOE
 Also known as hoe, back shovel and

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pull shovel.

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 It is used to excavate below the

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natural surface on which it rests.

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 The basic parts are boom,jack

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boom,boom sheave,stick,bucket and
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bucket sheave.
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 A hoe is used to dig at moderate

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depths and output of hoe decreases

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with increases in depth.

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EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENTS:-
Tractor

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Bull dozers

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Graders

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Scrappers

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Rippers

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 TRACTOR
 It is an important equipment for earth

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movement.

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 Tractors may be classified as

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(a)Crawler type tractor:

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 The crawler has a chain by which these
tractors can be very effective even in the

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case of loose or muddy soils. The speed of
this type dose not exceed 12 kmph
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normally.
 Used to move bulldozers,scrappers.
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 (b)Wheel type tractor:

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 The engine is mounted on four wheels. The

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main advantage is higher speed, sometimes

exceeding 50 kmph it is used for long-
distance hauling and good roads.
 BULL DOZZER
 The heavy blade attached to the

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tractor pushes the material from one

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place to another.

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 The tractor can be of the crawler or

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the wheeled type.
• Use for following purpose:

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 to clear site of work.
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 to make the land level.
 to prepare pilot roads through
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mountains.
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 To excavate the materials.

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 Graders
 The main function of grader is levelling and

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finishing of earthwork.

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 It is used for maintenance of earth works.

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 A blade can be attached to the grader.

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 SCRAPER
 Unique machine for digging and

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long-distance hauling of plough

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able materials.

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 It is not dependent on other
equipment.

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 Wheels of machine cause some
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compaction.
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 The scrapper combines three

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operations namely,
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digging,conveying and dumping.

 RIPPER
 The ripper is used to break up the

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ground and to pull up the roots

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 It is sometimes,attached to a

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tractor.

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 It can be used to level bed of

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rocktime.
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