Directions:

Research and read the following topics:

I. Physical Education definition

Physical Education is "education through the physical". It aims to develop students’

physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use
these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with the development of an
active and healthy lifestyle. It also develops students’ confidence and generic skills,
especially those of collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking and
aesthetic appreciation. These, together with the nurturing of positive values and
attitudes in PE, provide a good foundation for students’ lifelong and life-wide learning.
II. Legal bases of Physical Education

1. Habitual physical activity participation to achieve and maintain health-enhancing-

levels of fitness.
2. Competence in movement and motor skills requisites to various physical activity
performances.
3. Valuing physical activities for enjoyment, challenge, social interaction and career
opportunities.
4. Understanding various movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they
apply to the learning of physical activity.

Article II, Section 17-It is a declared policy of the state to “give priority to
education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total
human liberation and development”

Likewise Article XIV on education, science and technology, arts, culture and
sports of Philippine Constitution supports the teaching of Physical Education
and Health in the curriculum to with:

• The state recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall
promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well
being (Sec.13)
 • The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature(Sec. 16)

• The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote
total human liberation and development. (Sec. 17)
III. The Major goal of Physical Education

Three Goals of Teaching Physical Education

In schools for all ages, the physical education program is responsible for
helping students learn the value of activity for health, recreation, social
interaction, and more. Here’s what you should aim for when outlining goals as
a physical educator, or organizing a school P.E. department.

1. Teaching Essential Body Management Skills.

The most well-known goal of any physical education class is to promote

movement – but there’s more to this aspiration than breaking students out of
a stationary lifestyle. P.E. classes teach children skills that they will use
throughout their entire lives.

For many younger children, physical education classes offer their first chance
to learn about the relationships between nutrition, exercise, and health, while
acquiring basic body management skills such as:

 The ability to stop and start on signal

 Spatial awareness
 Body part identification
 Balance and control

Though these skills may not seem as crucial as literacy and numeracy, the
absence of them can result in sedentary children who feel too “clumsy” to
engage in any regular activity. After time, the inability to develop mature
motor skills can cultivate sedentary adults, who struggle to achieve career
goals or lack self-confidence.

2. Promoting Physical Fitness as Fun

Quality instruction from dedicated educators helps children develop
fundamental motor patterns. But it’s also important for teaching students that
being active can be a fun, natural habit.

The more that young students consider physical fitness a natural part of their
daily schedule, the more likely they are to be engaged in fitness as they age –
leading to a healthier lifestyle. One in three children are overweight in
America, and youngsters who enjoy physical activity are the ones most likely
to be active in the future.

While physical education isn’t the only factor helping children get active, it can
be a useful way to help them uncover new skills and discover activities that
they enjoy. By exploring a range of sports and fitness solutions, from
gymnastics to running and climbing, physical educators give students a
chance to find the activity that appeals most to them – giving children their
own personal tool in the fight against obesity.

3. Developing Teamwork, Sportsmanship, and Cooperation.

Physical education allows children to experience healthy social interactions,

teaching cooperation through group activities, and encouraging teamwork
through identification as one part of a team. These social skills stay with
children throughout their lives, increasing the chance that they’ll become
involved in their communities, take leadership roles, and build lasting
relationships. Social skills develop confidence, contributing to academic
performance and mental health.

When students are stressed, they struggle to focus and manage their
emotions properly. Physical activity is a great way to relieve stress, promoting
positive mental health and enhanced learning aptitude. Although reduced
time for physical education is often justified as a way to help students spend
more time in the classroom, studies have shown that regular activity during
the school day links to higher concentration levels, more composed behavior,
and happier students.

Setting Goals is Crucial

In a physical education setting, the right goals will:
 Engage students in P.E. class
 Attract the attention of distracted learners
 Create an environment that cultivates movement
 Teach the values of health and exercise
 Establishing goals within physical education can also help students learn the
value of setting their own personal and achievable goals in relation to their
favorite activities. Teach kids about goal-setting by recording each child’s best
sprint time and showing them how they improve through the year, or
encouraging students with a particular interest to take their skills to the next
level.
From developing motor skills for younger children to creating an environment where
students can cultivate a positive attitude towards physical fitness, well-designed
physical education goals will not only boost kids ’ education, but prepare them for an
active, healthy, and productive lifestyle.
IV. Objectives of Physical Education
The following are objectives of physical education: .
A. Physical development
(a) Proper growth and development
(b) Proper functioning of various systems of the body
© Development of skills through better neuromuscular coordination
(d) Development of strength and endurance.
The objective of physical development deals with the program of activities that builds
physical power in an individual through the development of the various organic systems
of the body.
B. Mental development
(a) Development of healthy interests and attitudes
(b) Satisfaction and channelizing of emotions
© Removing worry, tension, etc. through participation in sports.
The mental development objective deals with the accumulation a body knowledge and
the ability to think and to interpret this knowledge.
C. Emotional development
Emotional development refers to the ability to recognize, express, and manage feelings
at different stages of life and to have empathy for the feelings of others. The
development of these emotions, which include both positive and negative emotions, is
largely affected by relationships with parents, siblings, and peers.
D. Social development
The social development objective is concerned with helping an individual in making
personal adjustments, group adjustment, and adjustments as a member of society.
Improvement in knowledge
(a) Acquiring the knowledge of the rules of games, sports and exercise
(b) Understanding health problems and
their prevention.

IV. Fundamental Movement Skills

Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are the basic movements traditionally associated
with human physical activity. The most common FMS include skills such as running,
jumping, throwing, catching, skipping, and hopping

a. Locomotor Movement Skills

A locomotor skill is a physical action that propels an individual from one place to
another. This may mean moving forward, backward, or even upwards using
certain skills. Examples of locomotor skills include:

 Walking or running
 Jumping or hopping
 Galloping or marching
 Skipping
 Crawling
 Climbing
 Sliding
 Leaping
These skills help to refine a child's gross motor abilities. The more often locomotor skills
are practiced, the greater the child's ability to fine tune the movement of each skill. For
example, with sufficient practice a child who is able to hop in place becomes able to
play hopscotch. Likewise, after simply running, a teenager is later able to compete in a
relay race. Now, let's explore a different type of movement equally important to a child's
physical development.
 b. Non-locomotor Movement Skills
Non-locomotor skills are fundamental body movements that do not incorporate
traveling. They are stability skills that include movements of limbs or body parts, and
sometimes even the whole body. They are occasionally referred to as axial movements,
as in 'revolving around an axis'. Here, the axis is the center portion of the student's
body, or generally the student's torso. The student's 'axis' experiences little to no
movement.
There are many different non-locomotor movements, including:
 Bending
 Stretching
 Flexing
 Extending
 Lifting
 Raising
 Twisting
 Turning
 Rotating
 Swinging
 Swaying
 Dodging
 Shaking
 Wiggling
 Pulling
 Pushing
Note that non-locomotor skills often accompany locomotor skills. For example, students
swing their arms while jogging and bend their knees in order to jump. Let's take a closer
look at a few non-locomotor skills, including their definitions.
c. Manipulative Movement Skills
Movement skills that require an ability to handle an object or piece of equipment with
control. They include skills such as;
 Kicking
 Striking
 Dribbling or catching a ball.
Can also be referred to as ‘object control skills’.
c.1. Motor Skills
A motor skill is a learned ability to cause a predetermined movement outcome with
maximum certainty. Motor learning is the relatively permanent change in the ability to
perform a skill as a result of practice or experience. Performance is an act of executing
a motor skill. The goal of motor skill is to optimize the ability to perform the skill at the
rate of success, precision, and to reduce the energy consumption required for
performance. Continuous practice of a specific motor skill will result in a greatly
improved performance.

c.1.1 Fine Motor Skills

Fine motor skills are the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our
hands and wrists. We rely on these skills to do key tasks in school, at work, and in
everyday life.
These small movements come so naturally to most people that we usually don’t think
about them. But fine motor skills are complex. They involve a coordinated effort
between the brain and muscles. They’re built on the gross motor skills that let us make
bigger movements, like running or jumping.
Here are some examples of when we use fine motor skills:
 Holding a pen or pencil
 Drawing pictures and writing neatly
 Using a keyboard
 Using scissors, rulers, and other tools
People also need fine motor skills to do daily tasks like getting dressed and brushing
their teeth.

c.1.2 Gross Motor Skills

Gross motor skills are abilities that let us do tasks that involve large muscles in our
torso, legs, and arms. They involve whole-body movements. We use gross motor skills
for all sorts of physical activities, from running to raking leaves.
Most people use these skills easily and automatically. But gross motor skills are more
complex than they might seem.

They involve the coordination of the muscles and the neurological system. They impact
balance and coordination. They also form the basis for fine motor skills that help us
make small movements like using a pencil.
Gross motor skills are related to other abilities. These include:
 Balance
 Coordination
  Body awareness
 Physical strength
 Reaction time
Having poor gross motor skills can impact people in all areas of life. It can make it hard
to do key tasks and school, work, and home. Difficulty with motor skills can also take a
toll on self-esteem.