Federation of Allied Health and

Sciences Students
 is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the
walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs.
When used without further specification, "blood pressure"
usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic
circulation. During each heartbeat, BP varies between a
maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure

The mean BP, due to pumping by

the heart and resistance to flow in blood
vessels, decreases as the circulating
blood moves away from
the heart through arteries. Blood pressure
drops most rapidly along the small arteries
and arterioles, and continues to decrease as
the blood moves through
the capillaries and back to the heart
through veins.
 The measurement blood
pressure without further specification
usually refers to the systemic arterial
pressure measured at a person's upper
arm. It is measured on the inside of
an elbow at the brachial artery, which is the
upper arm's major blood vessel that carries
blood away from the heart. A person's BP
is usually expressed in terms of the systolic
pressure over diastolic pressure (mmHg),
for example 120/80.

 Systolic pressure is when the heart`s

ventricles contract and push the blood
through the veins. It is called the
systole, the pressure during heartbeat
action.
 Diastolic pressure is the lower
pressure that results when air is
released out of the cuff and no more
sound is heard. This is called the
diastole; the artery resting pressure.
 Exercise
Regular exercise, along with an
active lifestyle, may decrease blood
pressure. To significantly reduce the risk
of developing high blood pressure, it is
recommended that adults participate in
150 minutes a week of cardiovascular
exercise such as walking, cycling and
swimming. Increasing daily activity by
walking to and from class and work
(rather than taking the bus) and walking
up and down stairs (versus riding the
elevator), will also contribute to an
active, healthy lifestyle.
 Nutrition
Research has shown that diet affects
the development of high blood pressure
(hypertension). The DASH (Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan
is recommended if your blood pressure is high
or if you are at risk for high blood pressure.
DASH is a combination diet that is low in fat
and rich in fruits and vegetables. It is low in
cholesterol and saturated fat, high in dietary
fiber, potassium, calcium and magnesium and
moderately high in protein.

Examples
 Bananas carrots
 Broccoli grapes
 green peas mangoes
 Pineapple raisins
 Potatoes squash
 Prunes tomatoes
 Strawberries orange
 sweet potatoes
 Alcohol
Alcohol is a drug, and regular
over-consumption can raise blood pressure
dramatically, as well as cause an elevation
upon withdrawal. Try to limit alcohol to
twice a week and drink only 1-2 servings
(equivalent to two four-ounce glasses of
wine, two eight-ounce glasses of beer or
two shots of sprite).
Also, remember that alcohol intake can be
a factor in weight gain. The current
recommendation is to limit alcohol intake to
no more than two drinks per day for most
men and no more than one drink per day
for women and lighter-weight persons.
 Smoking
Smoking is the third leading
cause of death of other nations. Smoking
causes peripheral vascular disease
(narrowing of the vessels that carry blood
to the legs and arms), as well as hardening
of the arteries. These conditions clearly
can lead to heart disease and stroke and
are contributing factors in high blood
pressure. Don't start smoking and if you do
smoke, seek assistance with quitting.
 Stress
The effects of stress can vary, but
long-term, chronic stress appears to raise
blood pressure. Various relaxation
techniques such as deep breathing,
progressive relaxation, massage and
psychological therapy can help to manage
stress and help lower stress-induced blood
pressure elevations.
  Hypertension, also known as high
blood pressure, is a very common and
serious condition that can lead to and/or
complicate many health problems.
These include coronary heart
disease, stroke, kidney failure and heart
failure.BP 140/90 mmHg

Symptoms:
o headaches
o being tired all the time
o blurred vision
o nosebleeds
o ringing in the ears
o chest pain
o irregular heartbeat
o feeling of confusion off and on
o heart failure
1.Start exercising - Exercise, other than just helping fight
against excess fat, also helps reduce the resting heart
rate, and as such will lower your blood pressure. It also
causes the cells to release many chemicals that naturally
reduce the blood pressure.

2. Lower your alcohol consumption - In large quantities,

alcohol can reduce the flow of blood from heart to other
parts of the body. This is a dangerous condition, and will
also result in high blood pressure.
3. Quit Smoking - There is really no end to the list of problems
that smoking causes. Other than just eating at your money,
giving you bad breath, yellowing your teeth, and giving you
cancer, smoking also raises your blood pressure by constricting
the blood cells.

4. Cut out excess sodium - Salt results in change of osmotic

balance which causes cells to retain more water. This can cause
high blood pressure, but is more dangerous if you already have
high blood pressure.
 Hypotension
If the blood pressure is lower than normal
then there will be poor blood circulation,
so low or no supply of nutrients and
oxygen rich blood to extreme parts of the
body. With low or no energy to the body
cells causes many annoying symptoms
called as hypotension symptoms they are:

o Blurred vision,
o Cold, clammy, pale skin,
o Dizziness,
o Fainting,
o Fatigue,
o Nausea,
o Palpitations,
o Rapid, shallow breathing and
o Depression
1.Reduce low blood pressure symptoms. Having low blood pressure
usually becomes a problem when there are symptoms such as,
dizziness or fainting. Some pregnant women will suffer from low blood
pressure. To prevent dizziness and fainting, when you are standing up,
do so slowly. When you are getting out of bed, sit up and dangle your
feet for a while, to promote blood circulation before standing

2.Take a little extra salt. To help elevate

your blood pressure, you may increase
your salt intake. When you are preparing
meals increase the amount of salt that you
would normally use.
3.Eat smaller portions. To prevent your
blood pressure from dropping, eat small
portions of meals, instead of eating one
large one. Eat low-carb foods, to help
elevate your blood pressure back to nor

4.Drink plenty of water each day, to keep

you from becoming dehydrated.
Dehydration is one of the causes of low
blood pressure. You may have mild
symptoms at first, but if left untreated it will
eventually become worst.

5.Recognize the types of medication you

are taking. Some medications can cause
you to have low blood pressure. If you
were prescribed medication by your doctor,
consult with him to identify which one may
be causing the low blood pressure
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING…