Amalia F.

Furaque
BSEE-4A
Assignment 1 (FEEDBACK AND CONTROL SYSTEMS)

APPLICATIONS OF CONTROL SYSTEM

There are many household and industrial application examples of the control
systems. Control system is an arrangement of different physical elements connected in
such a manner so as to regulate, direct or command itself to achieve a certain objective.
Common control systems include mechanical, electronic, computer control system and
pneumatic system. In addition to that, different types of control system can be classified
into open loop and closed loop control system.
EXAMPLES OF AN OPEN-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM
Open-loop control system, also referred to as non- feedback system, is a type of
continuous control system in which output has no influence or effect on the control
action of the input signal. In other words, in an open-loop control system the output is
neither measured nor “fed back” for the comparison with the output.
Bread toaster is an open loop control system and an electric small appliance designed
to expose various types of sliced bread to radiant heat, browning the bread so it
becomes hot. This machine runs as per adjusted time irrespective of toasting is
completed or not. The timer set to a toaster determine the color of the desired color of
bread.

INPUT OUTPUT
TIME LEVEL BREAD COLOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BREAD TOASTER

Shower temperature control is an example of open loop control system. This machine
has a shower control valve which manage the flow and temperature of the water. The
handle position is the input and the changes of the temperature caused by turning the
handle into different position is the output.

INPUT OUTPUT

HANDLE POSITION WATER TEMPERATURE

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A SHOWER TEMPERATURE CONTROL

Electric Hand Drier is an electric machine which might make use of a heating element
and an air blower to dry hands after handwashing. A close contact of our wet hands to
the machine produces an hot air that makes our hands dried.
HOT AIR

INPUT OUTPUT

CLOSE CONTACT OF WET HANDS HANDS DRY

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRIC HAND DRIER

Washing machine is a home appliance used to wash laundry. This machine is an

example of an open loop control system. However, this kind of machine only operates
according to the preset time to complete the whole washing process. It does not
generate feedback and ignores the cleanliness of the clothes.

INPUT
WASHING AND OUTPUT
DRYING PROCESS
TIME LEVEL CLEAN AND DRY CLOTHES

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WASHING MACHINE

Drive system of a vehicle is an open loop control system. The input force accelerates
for the fuel to flow that is needed to start the engine, through this process the output
speed is calculated.
FUEL FLOW

INPUT OUTPUT
ACCELERATOR ENGINE OF VEHICLE
FORCE SPEED

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A DRIVE SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE

 EXAMPLE OF A CLOSE LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM
A closed-loop control system is a type of control system in which the controlling action
shows dependency on the generated output of the system. In simple words the output
of the system controls the input applied to the system.
Air conditioner is a system controls the temperature, humidity and air quality in indoor
spaces. The parts of this machine has specific roles that provides an output which is the
cooling temperature and generates feedback.

INPUT COMPARING TEMPERATURE DRIVING CONTROL DEVICE OUTPUT

PRESET SWITCH ON/OFF
REFERENCE THE COMPRESSOR
TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AIR CONDITIONER

Automatic Electric Iron consist of a thermostat that acts as a controller of the system,
a resistive heating element is present that generates heat. The sole-plate instrument
acts as a process of the overall system. The basic working performed by an automatic
iron is such that when the temperature of the sole-plate attains a predefined value then
the heating action gets stopped automatically. And when the temperature falls below a
certain specified value then again heating starts inside it.

CONTROL SIGNAL ACTUAL TEMPERATURE

REFERENCE
THERMOSTAT HEATING ELEMENT SOLE PLATE OF IRON CONTROLLED
INPUT OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC IRON

 A human travelling on the road
The human body itself is the perfect example of closed-loop control system. People
looks around for traffic and changes their position accordingly.

INPUT
OUTPUT
INFORMATION
HUMAN BRAIN POSITION
ABOUT
ADJUSTMENT
SORROUNDING

FEEDBACK

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A HUMAN TRAVELLING ON THE ROAD

Turbine Water Control System at power station

In modern hydroelectric power stations, the level of water coming from the nozzles and
gate is adjusted using automatic controls.

INTPUT OUTPUT
DAM GOVERNOR SETS
FLOW RATE OF CHANGE OF
WATER FLOW RATE

FEED BACK

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A TURBINE WATER CONTROL SYSTEM

 APPLICATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM IN SUBSYSTEMS
Advancement of technology makes most of control system become gradually
complicated that various parts are involved. It includes different types of system in order
to function properly.

A sightseeing lift in a shopping arcade

For instance, a lift system includes driving system, door opening system, control safety
system, lighting system, ventilation system and security system. Each subsystem can
be considered as an independent system that includes input, process and output. While
there exist relationships between the subsystems that an output of one subsystem
became the input of another.

INTPUT
DOOR OPENING OUTPUT
PRESS THE CONTROL SYSTEM DRIVING SYSTEM
STOREY NUMBER DOOR OPEN
BUTTON SYSTEM
AFTER ARRIVAL

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A LIFT SYSTEM