Materials Selection For Subsea Applications

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Materials Selection For Subsea Applications
PTS 15.01.07
February 2016
© 2016 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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PTS 15.01.07
MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016
Page 2 of 47
FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.
Contractors/Manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/Manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any OWNER or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.

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ANNOUNCEMENT
Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my

PTS 15.01.07
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Table of Content
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 6
1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ........................................................................................................ 6
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ............................................................................................... 11
2.0 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS SELECTION ................................................................. 12
2.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 CONSIDERATION FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM .............................................. 14
2.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................. 14
2.4 WATER INJECTION SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 14
3.0 SUBSEA RIGID FLOWLINES ................................................................................... 15
3.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 MATERIALS SELECTION ................................................................................................. 15
3.3 MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................. 18
3.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS DURING MANUFACTURING .................... 19
3.5 MATERIALS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 19
4.0 PIPING ................................................................................................................. 20
4.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 20
5.0 FASTENERS .......................................................................................................... 29
5.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 29
6.0 SEALS AND GASKETS ............................................................................................ 32
6.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 32

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7.0 CONNECTORS ...................................................................................................... 34
7.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 34
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 36
APPENDIX 1: MATERIALS MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 42
1.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 42
1.2 CARBON STEEL ............................................................................................................. 43
1.3 AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS............................................................... 43
1.4 NICKEL BASED ALLOYS.................................................................................................. 44
1.5 NON-METALLIC MATERIALS ......................................................................................... 44
1.6 FORGED COMPONENTS ............................................................................................... 44
1.7 HEAT TREATMENT ........................................................................................................ 45
APPENDIX 2: INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS DURING MANUFACTURING ..... 46
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 46
APPENDIX 3: MATERIALS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 47
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 47

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides the minimum technical requirements for materials for subsea production
systems, which comprise of facilities for oil and gas production, installed at or above the
seabed, and fully immersed in seawater.
This PTS is developed to set the recommended standard to be applied by PETRONAS in oil and
gas subsea production facilities to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from
standardization.
1.1 SCOPE
This PTS covers materials selection, manufacturing, inspection and testing during
manufacturing, and certification requirements for selected subsea hardware for new
construction only as illustrated in Figure 1.
The requirements for inspection and testing during fabrication, operation and maintenance
are excluded from the scope of this PTS.
The requirements for the following subsea hardware are addressed in Section 3.0 onwards.
i. Rigid flowlines and jumpers
ii. Piping, fittings and small bore tubing within subsea structure assembly such as
subsea tree, manifolds, PLET skid, umbilical termination assembly, etc.
iii. Fasteners
iv. Seals and gaskets
v. Connectors including flange, clamp, collet and wellhead connectors, excluding
subsea control connection system
The requirements for the following facilities are excluded from this PTS.
i. Downhole equipment
ii. Subsea pipeline and riser
iii. Pigging facilities
iv. Jacket substructures
v. Floating units
vi. Equipment located on host tie in
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM
General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide
PTS 00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.

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Specific Definition of Terms
No. Term Definition
1 Benign Fluid Fluid which corrodes carbon steels at a rate of less than
0.1mm/year without inhibition.
2 Carbon Steel As defined in ISO 13628-1
3 Casting Metal that is obtained at or near its finished shape by the

solidification of molten metal in a mould.
4 Clad Clad means that the cladding is metallurgically bonded to the

steel substrate.
5 Connector A device used to make strong pressure tight connections

designed to withstand high pressure, temperature, bending
and torsional load conditions
6 Corrosion Allowance Total estimated wall thickness reduction of carbon steel

during the service life of the equipment
7 Corrosion Resistant As defined in ISO 13628-1

Alloy
8 Fasteners Threaded hardware device, typically comprising of bolt and

nut, that mechanically joins two or more objects together
9 Heat Affected Zones As defined in API 6A
10 Hot Isostatic A manufacturing process which applies high gas pressure at

Pressing elevated temperatures to components to virtually eliminate
internal voids and microporosity.
11 Hydrogen Induced As defined in DNV RP F-112

Stress Cracking
(HISC)
12 Jumper A short pipe or spool piece or flexible pipe with a connector

half at either end, used to bridge the distance (gap) between
end of flowline to its connection points or to connect two
subsea structures located close to one another
13 Lined Lined means that the alloy is mechanically or thermo-

mechanically bonded to the steel substrate, or that the alloy
is bonded to the substrate by any other method acceptable
as per international codes and standards and additionally
approved by Owner.

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No. Term Definition
14 Low Alloy Steel As defined in ISO 13628-1

Number developed to reflect and predict the pitting
15 Pitting Resistance
resistance of a stainless steel, based on the proportions of
Equivalent Number
Cr, Mo, W and N in the chemical composition of the alloy
(PREN)
using the following equation:
𝐹𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑁 = 𝑤𝐶𝑟 + 3.3(𝑤𝑀𝑜 + 0.5𝑤𝑊 ) + 16𝑤𝑁

Where 𝑤𝐶𝑟 , 𝑤𝑀𝑜 , 𝑤𝑊 , and 𝑤𝑁 are the mass fraction of
chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and nitrogen in the alloy,
respectively, expressed as a percentage of the total
composition.
16 Rigid Flowline Rigid pipe linking one subsea structure to another subsea
structure, used for both production and injection purposes.
The length ranges from few hundred meters to several
kilometers
17 Sour Service Environment containing H2S with a partial pressure of 0.3 kPa
(0.05 psi) or greater as specified in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156
18 Type 22% Cr Duplex Ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with minimum 35

Stainless Steels PREN
Note: This definition is specific for this PTS, and may differ
from definitions in other international specification.
19 Type 25% Cr Duplex Ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with minimum 42

Stainless Steels PREN
Note: This definition is specific for this PTS, and may differ
from definitions in other international specification.
20 Umbilical A group of functional components, such as electric cables,

optical fibre cables, hoses, and tubes, laid up or bundled
together or in combination with each other, that generally
provides hydraulics, fluid injection, power and/or
communication services
21 Weld Overlay A process where a metallic material is deposited by welding

onto the surface of another metallic material. The deposited
weld metal typically possesses superior corrosion resistance
or wear resistance compared to the base metal.
22 Wetted Surfaces Surfaces exposed directly to the internal process fluids
Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

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Specific Abbreviations
No. Abbreviation Description
1 CA Corrosion Allowance
2 CE Carbon equivalent
3 CP Cathodic Protection
4 CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy
5 CS Carbon Steels
6 CIU Chemical Injection Unit
7 DSS Duplex Stainless Steel
8 ECT Eddy Current Testing
9 EFW Electric Fusion Welded
10 EJB Electrical Junction Box
11 EPU Electrical Power Unit
12 ERW Electric Resistance Weld
13 FN Ferrite Number
14 HAZ Heat Affected Zones
15 HB Brinell Hardness Scale
16 HFI High Frequency Induction
17 HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking
18 HIP Hot Isostatic Pressing
19 HISC Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking
20 HPU Hydraulic Power Unit
21 HRB Rockwell Hardness Scale B
22 HRC Rockwell Hardness Scale C
23 ITP Inspection and Test Plan

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24 JT Joule Thompson
25 LAS Low Alloy Steel
26 LCC Life Cycle Cost
27 MCS Master Control Station
28 MIC Microbiologically Induced Corrosion
29 MITP Manufacturing Inspection and Test Plan
30 MPQP Manufacturing Process Quality Plan
31 MPS Manufacturing Procedure Specification
32 MT Magnetic Particle Testing
33 NDT Non Destructive Testing
34 Pcm Weld cracking material parameter
35 PLET Pipeline End Termination
36 PQR Welding Procedure Qualification Record
37 PREN Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number
38 PSL Product Specification Level
39 PT Penetrant Testing
40 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
41 PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment
42 SDSS Super Duplex Stainless Steel
43 SLC Service Life Corrosion
44 SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Strength
45 SRB Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
46 SS Stainless Steel
47 SSCC Sulphide Stress Corrosion Cracking

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48 UT Ultrasonic Testing
49 WPS Welding Procedure Specification
Table 2 : Specific Abbreviations
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This is a new PTS.

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2.0 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS SELECTION
2.1 GENERAL
Note: The design for piping, flowlines and jumpers shall be governed by design codes either ASME B31.3, ASME B31.4 or ASME
B31.8.
Figure 1 : Typical Subsea Production System Block Diagram
Due to the high costs involved for subsea intervention for inspection, repair & maintenance,
the subsea production system shall be designed to be maintenance free. Subsea systems shall,
as much as possible, be designed for no scheduled/preventive maintenance throughout the
planned service life.
In reflecting these requirements, robust materials for subsea production system shall be
selected to cater for internal and external threats and degradation mechanisms throughout
the service life, not limited to corrosion, fatigue, degradation as a result of external pressure,
etc. Failure mode and effect analysis shall be considered for any potential failures to the
subsea production system.
Materials selection for subsea production system shall meet requirements of ISO 13628-1
(Clause 6), ISO 21457 and NORSOK M-001. In the event of any conflicting requirements,
Owner’s approval shall be obtained.
Exposure to well treatment and well stimulation fluids and chemicals shall also be considered
in materials selection. This shall include materials selection for seal materials.

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Due consideration shall be given to Joule Thompson (JT) cooling effect e.g. at downstream of
subsea choke or production control valves, also known as “chilly choke” phenomenon which
can result in either brittle failure of components or loss of containment. Design, fabrication,
and QA/QC shall comply with PTS 15.10.01 and applicable design codes such as ASME Section
VIII, ASME B31.3 etc. with respect to brittle fracture.
Dissimilar material couples should be avoided. When dissimilar material couples are
unavoidable, an evaluation of the corrosion potential shall be made, and appropriate
mitigation measures shall be implemented, where galvanic corrosion is foreseen.
The selection of technically proven and economically acceptable materials for specific
environment condition and application is given in Section 3.0 of this PTS and onwards. If
conditions encountered are not adequately covered in this PTS, or if the user wishes to
consider other materials choices in the interest of potential cost savings, justifications based
on a total life cycle cost analysis and a technical integrity verification shall be required.
For the new technology qualification, Contractor shall meet the requirement as specified in
the PTS 12.50.02. Detailed plan and testing program shall be made available in order to prove
the correct functionality of the components, equipment and system.
Materials selection report which comprise of corrosion evaluation shall be developed for each
subsea production system. The report shall detail the calculations, analysis and
recommendations from the corrosion evaluation showing all plausible corrosion mechanisms
and other associated damage mechanisms and the recommended materials for each specific
applications.
Austenitic stainless steels Type 304/304L shall not be selected for subsea application.

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2.2 CONSIDERATION FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
All subsea production system shall be externally protected from corrosion by application of
coating in combination with cathodic protection. In the event that the component cannot be
sufficiently protected by CP, the material selected shall be inherently resistant to seawater
corrosion.
All metallic components used in subsea production systems shall be electrically continuous
with the applied CP system. The CP system intended for the subsea production system shall
be compatible with the CP systems of adjacent facilities such as pipelines and jacket
substructures. Otherwise, appropriate mitigation measures shall be implemented to ensure
the CP systems do not interfere with one another.
The CP design shall consider the materials requirements for CP and materials limitations such
as susceptibility to HISC. 22Cr and 25Cr duplex stainless steel shall comply with DNV RP F112
to avoid HISC when exposed to CP.
All components submerged in seawater and exposed to CP shall comply with sub-clause 6.1
of NORSOK M-001.
2.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
For production systems, CRA (either solid, clad, lined or weld deposited) shall be used for all
components in contact with the production fluids.
CS can be considered if the internal corrosion rate is lower than 0.1mm/yr. In this case, the
selection of CS shall be documented with thorough corrosion assessment of the fluid
corrosivity and the mitigation measures to assure the internal corrosion rate can be reliably
controlled and achieved throughout the design life.
All materials in contact with production fluids and injected gas shall comply with NACE
MR0175/ISO 15156 and PTS 12.30.02, unless otherwise specified.
2.4 WATER INJECTION SYSTEM
For water injection system, CS can be considered for chemically treated seawater service with
less than 10ppb of dissolved oxygen content. If the dissolved oxygen content cannot be
guaranteed, CS lined with thermoplastic materials or CRA shall be considered for the water
injection system.
Special considerations regarding growth of SRB in water injection system shall be given and
proper mitigation shall be incorporated. If there is a risk of MIC, the corrosion shall be
controlled and mitigated via proper design, flow management and injection of chemicals as
appropriate.
If the water injection system is designed to cater for production or reinjection of sour
produced water sometime during its service life, then all materials shall comply with sour
service requirements. Otherwise, the materials for water injection are not required to comply
with sour service requirements.

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3.0 SUBSEA RIGID FLOWLINES
3.1 GENERAL
In this chapter, rigid flowline refers to the following:

i. Rigid pipe which transport production fluids from one subsea structure to another
structure e.g. from subsea tree to manifold.
ii. Rigid pipe which transport injection fluids directly into a reservoir
Jumper may be used to connect a flowline to a subsea structure or two subsea structures
located close to one another. Materials for the rigid jumper shall be selected based on Section
3.2 or Section 4.2 of this PTS as appropriate.
Cast materials shall not be used for flowlines.
When sour service grades are specified, the materials shall comply with the requirements of
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 with additional/supplementary requirements as per PTS 15.01.05,
PTS 15.10.04, PTS 15.10.05, and PTS 15.10.07, where applicable.
3.2 MATERIALS SELECTION
The recommended materials for flowlines intended for hydrocarbon applications are listed in
Table 3. Materials selection shall comply with the requirements below:
i. CS with suitable internal CA in combination with corrosion inhibitor and/or pH
modifiers may be considered for benign fluids or fields with short service life. The
selection of CS shall comply with requirements as per Section 2.3.2. The CA shall
not be more than 8mm for chemically inhibited system.
ii. CRA (either solid, clad, lined or weld deposited on CS surface) shall be considered
when CS is not suitable due to high corrosion rate, impractical corrosion control,
monitoring and inspection activities, or when the LCC of CS option is higher
compared to CRA.
iii. The environmental limits for the materials listed in Table 3 shall be as specified in
NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156 Part 2 for CS and NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156 Part 3 for
CRA.

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No. Recommended Materials Applicable Standards
1 SSCC and HIC resistant CS (1) with PTS 15.10.07 and API 5L PSL 2
CA
2 22% Cr duplex stainless steel (2) PTS 15.10.05 and API 5LC
Grade LC65-2205 (UNS S31803)
3 25% Cr duplex stainless steel (2) PTS 15.10.05 and API 5LC
Grade LC65-2506 (UNS S31260) or
Grade LC 80-2507 (UNS 39274, S32760,
S32750)
4 Carbon steel internally clad or PTS 15.10.04 and API 5LD

lined with Type 316L stainless steel
(3) (4) (5)
(CRA layer shall conform to ASTM A240 TP
316L UNS S31603)

lined with Alloy 825 (5)
(CRA layer shall conform to UNS N08825)

lined with Alloy 625
(CRA layer shall conform to UNS N06625)
Notes:
1. Sour service requirements as defined in NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156.
2. Duplex stainless steels are most susceptible to SCC between 80 °C and 110 °C.
3. Molybdenum content of Type 316L shall not be less than 2.5wt%.
4. The use of Type 316 stainless steel shall be limited to operating temperatures less than 50˚C, due to
susceptibility to chloride stress corrosion cracking.
5. Carbon steel internally clad/ lined with either Type 316L or Alloy 825 shall not be used if there is
possibility of seawater ingress or exposure to raw seawater throughout the service life.
Table 3: Materials for Hydrocarbon Flowlines

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The recommended materials for flowlines intended for water injection applications are listed
in Table 4. Materials selection shall comply with the requirements below:
i. If there is risk of MIC, mitigation methods not limited to system design to include
pigging facilities, control of process conditions and chemical treatment including
biocide injection shall be thoroughly assessed prior to selection of materials listed
in Table 4.
No. Application Recommended Materials Applicable Standards
1 De-aerated CS with CA (1) (2) PTS 15.10.07 and API 5L PSL 2

seawater
injection CS lined with thermoplastic (3) (4) (5) Note (6)
22% Cr duplex stainless steel (7) (8) PTS 15.10.05 and API 5LC
Grade LC65-2205 (UNS S31803)
2 Raw CS lined with thermoplastic (3) (4) (5) Note (6)

seawater
injection 25% Cr duplex stainless steel (8) (9) PTS 15.10.05 and API 5LC
Grade LC65-2506 (UNS S31260)
or LC 80-2507 (UNS 39274,
S32760, S32750)
CS internally clad or lined with PTS 15.10.04 and API 5LD

Alloy 625
(CRA layer shall conform to UNS
N06625)
Notes:
1. Minimum 3mm CA shall be specified.
2. Maximum dissolved oxygen content shall be limited to 10 ppb.
3. Maximum operating temperature of polyethylene liner for water application is 60°C.
4. Maximum operating temperature of crosslinked polyethylene liner for water application is 85°C.
5. Minimum temperature for any thermoplastic liner is -20˚C.
6. Material limitations, manufacturing and testing requirements shall be as per PTS 11.32.06.
7. For 22% Cr, maximum temperature is 30˚C and maximum oxygen content shall be limited to 50 ppb.
8. Materials requirement for duplex stainless steels shall follow Section 1.3 of Appendix 1.
9. For 25% Cr, application is limited to 30°C maximum temperature.
Table 4: Materials for Water Injection Flowlines

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The recommended materials for flowlines intended for water injection applications are listed
in Table 5.
No. Application Recommended Materials Applicable Materials Standards
1 Dry gas Carbon Steel with CA PTS 15.10.07 and API 5L PSL 2
2 Wet gas
(hydrocarbon See Section 3.2.1 See Section 3.2.1
application)
Table 5: Materials for Gas Injection / Gas Lift Flowlines
3.3 MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
The manufacturing requirements specified in Appendix 1 shall be applicable, in addition to the

specific requirements covered in this section.
The manufacturing of line pipe shall be in accordance with the following standards in Table 6.
No. Materials Applicable standards
1 Carbon steel line pipe PTS 15.10.07 and API 5L
2 Stainless steels line pipe PTS 15.10.05 and API 5LC
3 CRA clad or lined steel pipe PTS 15.10.04 and API 5LD
4 Carbon steel lined with thermoplastic (1) PTS 11.32.06
Notes :
1. The non-metallic material is excluding reinforced thermoplastic and thermo composite pipe.
Table 6: Manufacturing and inspection and testing requirements for the

various type of line pipes
Induction bends for carbon steel line pipe shall be performed according to requirements in
ISO 15590-1.
Induction bends for CRA clad line pipe shall be performed according to requirements in ISO
15590-1 with following additional requirements. Manufacturer shall conduct procedure
qualification test for clad induction bends. The qualification procedure shall be submitted to
Owner for review and approval.
i. The CRA clad layer shall conform to requirements in Section 1.4.3 of Appendix 1
post induction bending process.
ii. The bends shall be tested on the CRA region of pipe with CRA overlays in
accordance with ASTM A262 Method A and E.

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iii. Vickers hardness testing shall be performed using three (3) readings at the
following locations (refer to
iv. Figure 2):
a) 2mm below OD
b) Mid-wall of the mother pipe
c) 0.5mm to 1mm from fusion line into mother pipe
d) Mid-thickness of each CRA layer
Induction bending shall not be performed on CRA lined pipe.
Flowline fittings shall meet requirements in ISO 15590-2.
Flowline flanges shall meet requirements in ISO 15590-3.
X: location of hardness indentation

Figure 2: Hardness indentations for CRA clad bends
3.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS DURING MANUFACTURING
The general inspection and testing requirements specified in Appendix 2 shall be applicable,
in addition to the specific requirements covered in this section.
The inspection and testing of the various types of line pipes shall be as per Table 6 of this PTS.
3.5 MATERIALS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
The general materials certification requirements specified in Appendix 3 shall be applicable.

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4.0 PIPING
4.1 GENERAL
This section addresses the minimum requirements of materials selection and manufacturing
for subsea piping.
Requirement of subsea piping in this section shall be applicable for the following applications
in subsea production system:
i. Process piping within subsea tree assembly (flow loops);
ii. Piping within subsea manifold assembly;
iii. Piping/ tubing for subsea distribution system;
iv. Piping within pipeline end termination.
Fluid velocities shall be taken into account when sizing pipes and selecting pipe materials in
order to control the effect of flow induced corrosion or erosion.
Seamless pipes and fittings shall be used for nominal sizes equal to or less than DN 300.
Welded pipes and fittings may be considered for large bore piping above DN 300.
Sweepolets or weldolets may be used up to DN 50 for solid CS and CRA pipe connections for
chemical injection and instrumentation.
Cast materials shall not be used for piping.
When sour service grades are specified, the materials shall comply with the requirements of
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 with amendments/supplementary requirements as per PTS
15.01.05 and PTS 12.30.02.
Piping for Hydrocarbon Applications:

i. Chemical inhibition is not a reliable method for protecting subsea production
piping due to complex geometries and compact design with high flow rates. CS
should not be used for subsea piping application as this will influence the need for
inspection and maintenance. However, the use of CS with internal CRA cladding
can be considered.
ii. CRA material or CS clad with CRA as per Table 7 of this PTS shall be selected for
subsea piping application. The clad shall cover 100% of the wetted surfaces
including flange faces and ring grooves. Wetted surfaces shall not be partially clad.

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No. Recommended Materials Applicable Standards
Seamless pipe: ASTM A790 (UNS S31803)

Welded pipe: ASTM A928 (UNS S31803)
22% Cr duplex stainless steel Alternative pipe material : API 5LC Grade LC65-
1 (1) (2) (3) (4)
2205 (UNS S31803)
Seamless and welded fittings : ASTM A815 (UNS
31803)
Seamless pipe: ASTM A790 (S32760, S32750)

Welded pipe : ASTM A928 (UNS S32760, S32750)
2 25% Cr duplex stainless steel
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Alternative pipe material: API 5LC Grade 80-2507
(UNS S32760, S32750)
Seamless and welded fittings: ASTM A815 (UNS
S32750, S32760)
Seamless and welded pipe: ASTM A312 (UNS
S31254)
Super-austenitic stainless
3 Welded pipe: ASTM A358 (UNS S31254)
steel (1) (2) (4)
Seamless and welded fittings: ASTM A403 (UNS
S31254)
Seamless pipe: ASTM A333-6 + clad UNS N06625

Welded pipe: A671-CC65 cl 22 + clad UNS N06625
Carbon steel internally
4 cladded with Alloy 625 on all Alternative pipe material: API 5LD (5) (CRA layer
seals and wetted surfaces (1) shall conform to ASTM B443 UNS N06625)
Seamless and welded fittings: ASTM A420 with
UNS N06625 weld overlay
Notes:
1. In accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and PTS 12.30.02.
2. Material shall be supplied in solution annealed condition.
3. Materials manufacturing requirements as per Section 1.3 of Appendix 1.
4. Material shall be externally coated with CP protection.
5. The highest strength grade recommended for CS mother pipe is Grade X65 - PSL2 as per API 5L
and PTS 15.10.07.
Table 7: Materials for Hydrocarbon Piping
Piping for Water Injection Applications:

i. Where the water is de-aerated to below 10 ppb of oxygen content and if the
flowlines to manifold is not plastic lined, CS with nominal CA should be chosen.
The CA shall be minimum 3mm.

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Page 22 of 47
ii. Where the quality of injection water cannot be guaranteed to meet the above
criteria for oxygen content, CRA materials in Table 8 of this PTS shall be selected.
iii. For untreated injection water, CRA materials in Table 8 shall be selected.
1 De-aerated CS with CA (1) Seamless pipe : ASTM A106-B

seawater
Seamless and welded pipe: ASTM A333-6
injection
Alternative pipe materials: API 5L PSL 2
Seamless and welded fittings: ASTM
A234, ASTM A420
22% Cr duplex stainless Seamless pipe: ASTM A790 (UNS S31803)

steel (2)
Welded pipe: ASTM A928 (UNS S31803)
Alternative pipe material : API 5LC Grade
LC65-2205 (UNS S31803)
Seamless and welded fittings : ASTM
A815 (UNS S31803)
2 Raw CS lined with Note (7)

(4) (5) (6)
seawater thermoplastics
injection
25% Cr duplex stainless Seamless pipe: ASTM A790 (UNS S32760,
steel (3) (8) S32750)
Welded pipe: ASTM A928 (UNS S32760,
S32750)
Alternative pipe material: API 5LC Grade
LC65-2506 (UNS S31260) or LC 80-2507
(UNS 39274, S32760, S32750)
A815 (UNS S32750, S32760)
Titanium (9) Seamless pipe : ASTM B861

Seamless and welded fittings : ASTM
B363

PTS 15.01.07
Page 23 of 47
Notes:
1. Maximum oxygen content is 10ppb.
2. For 22% Cr, maximum temperature is 30˚C and maximum oxygen content shall be limited to 50 ppb.
3. The PREN for 25% Cr duplex stainless steels shall be minimum 42 for flowing untreated seawater service.
4. Maximum operating temperature of polyethylene liner for water application is 60°C.
5. Maximum operating temperature of crosslinked polyethylene liner for water application is 85°C.
6. Minimum temperature for any thermoplastic liner is -20˚C.
7. Material limitations, manufacturing and testing requirements shall be as per PTS 11.32.06.
8. For 25% Cr, application is limited to 30°C maximum temperature.
9. Titanium application is limited to 200°C maximum temperature in raw seawater applications.
Table 8: Materials for Water Injection Piping
Piping for Gaslift Applications:

i. Where dehydrated gas is used for the gaslift applications, CS with nominal CA shall
be chosen.
ii. Where untreated gas is used for gaslift application, the materials selection shall
be as per Section 4.2.1.
iii. Table 9 outlines materials selection for piping intended for gaslift applications.
1 Dry gas CS with CA Seamless pipe: ASTM A106-B

Seamless and welded pipe: ASTM
A333-6
Alternative materials : API 5L PSL 2,
DNV OS-F101
A234, ASTM A420
2 Wet gas See Section 4.2.1 See Section 4.2.1

(Hydrocarbon
application)
Table 9 : Materials for Gaslift Piping
Piping/ Tubing for Chemical Applications:

i. Table 10 outlines the materials selection for piping/ tubing intended for chemical
applications.
ii. Compatibility of selected alloys with the fluids shall be examined and
demonstrated.
iii. Corrosion resistant material shall be used for chemical applications to avoid any
potential scale formation of iron particles that may contaminate the piping

PTS 15.01.07
Page 24 of 47
system. Seawater ingress and any contamination shall be avoided in these

systems.
iv. CP with coating shall be used to protect the stainless steels as well as higher grade
alloys.
1 Piping / Alloy 625 Seamless pipe: ASTM B444 (UNS

Tubing for N06625)
chemical
injection,
B366 (UNS N06625)
hydraulic,
instrument 25% Cr duplex stainless Seamless pipe: ASTM A790 (UNS
steels (1) (3) S32760, S32750)
Welded pipe: ASTM A928 (UNS S32760,
S32750)
A815 (UNS S32750, S32760)
Tubing: ASTM A789 (UNS S32760,
S32750)
Austenitic stainless steels Seamless pipe: ASTM A312-TP 316L

Type 316L (1) (2) (4) (5)
Welded pipe: ASTM A358-316L
Tubing: ASTM A269-TP 316L
Notes:
1. Material shall be supplied in solution annealed condition.
2. Material shall be protected by CP in submerged condition.
3. Materials requirements shall be as per Section 1.3 of Appendix 1.
4. Maximum design temperature is 50°C if chlorides are present in the system.
5. Material shall be protected by CP in submerged condition. Use of 316L requires special measures to
ensure electrical continuity for CP protection.
Table 10 : Materials for Chemical Piping/Tubing

PTS 15.01.07
Page 25 of 47
The general manufacturing requirements specified in Appendix 1 shall be applicable, in

addition to the specific requirements covered in this section.
Pipes and pipe fittings shall be manufactured by either a seamless process of hot working steel
to form a tubular product without a welded seam, or by a longitudinal arc-welded process
with added filler material.
ERW/HFI grades shall not be used. In an inevitable situation, the application of these grades
shall be subjected to detail engineering study and approval by Owner.
For welded pipes and fittings, the PQR/WPS shall be qualified in accordance with ASME BPV
Section IX. Application of other codes shall be on the discretion and approval by Owner.
The general requirements for inspection and testing during manufacturing specified in
Appendix 2 shall be applicable, in addition to the specific requirements covered in this section.
All pipes shall be inspected by UT and ECT at mill. PT shall be done 100% on the full surface
for all CRA pipes.
Impact testing:
i. Impact test requirements for process piping operating at design temperatures
below 0 °C shall be in accordance with PTS 15.10.01.
ii. 10mm x 10mm Charpy V-notch specimens shall be used and shall be prepared and
tested in accordance with ASTM A370.
iii. Impact testing shall, at a minimum, comprise of one set of three specimens.
iv. Impact testing requirements for pressure containing parts shall be as per Table
11.
Min. Absorbed Energy for Base

Metal and Weld Metal (J)
No. Materials (1) Test Temperature
Individual Average
1 Carbon Steel and -30˚C or 10˚C below the 27 (2) 40 (2)

Low Alloy Steel minimum design
temperature, whichever is
lowest
2 22% Cr Duplex -50˚C 45 60

Stainless Steels (3)
3 25% Cr Duplex -50˚C - 80

Stainless Steels (3)

PTS 15.01.07
Page 26 of 47
Min. Absorbed Energy for Base

Metal and Weld Metal (J)
No. Materials (1) Test Temperature
Individual Average
Notes:
1. The impact toughness shall be measured for the base metal in the transverse orientation and for weld
qualification at the positions of the weld centre line, the fusion line and in the heat-affected zone at 2mm
and 5 mm from the fusion line.
2. For forged materials, the absorbed energy in the transverse direction shall be at least 67% of the values.
3. The lateral expansion shall be greater than 0.38mm.
Table 11: Impact Test Requirements
Hardness testing:
i. Materials hardness shall be tested using Vickers scale at HV10. The hardness tests
shall follow procedures and requirements in ASTM E92. Other hardness scale may
be used subject to Owner approval.
ii. Conversion between the differing units of hardness measurement shall be in
accordance with ASTM E140.
iii. The indentations for hardness survey shall be carried out on a separate test
coupon taken from each heat as per Figure 3 and Figure 4 unless otherwise
specified in respective material standards. Hardness tests shall be carried out on
transverse sections.
iv. Additionally a set of three hardness tests shall be carried out on the finished
machined product on all pressure containing components. The readings shall be
taken from the wetted bore area wherever practical.
v. The maximum hardness for the materials for sour service environment shall
comply with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and the amendments/supplements given
in PTS 12.30.02 and PTS 15.01.05.
vi. For materials in non-sour service environment, the hardness shall meet the
requirement of the respective material standards, unless otherwise specified in
this document.

Figure 3: Hardness survey for seamless pipe

PTS 15.01.07
Page 27 of 47

Figure 4 : Hardness survey for welded pipe
Ferrite Content measurement:

i. FN shall be measured in accordance with ISO 8249. Other test methods shall be
subject to Owner approval.
ii. The requirement for respective materials type shall be as per Table 12.
FN / Ferrite Content
No. Materials
Base metal Weld metal
1 Austenitic stainless steels - 3 FN to 8 FN
2 22% Cr duplex stainless steels 40 % - 60 % (1) 30% - 60%
3 25% Cr duplex stainless steels 40 % - 60 % (1) 30% - 60%
Note:
1. Also applicable for HAZ.
Table 12 : Ferrite content requirements
Metallurgical test for duplex stainless steels:

i. All duplex stainless steels shall be subjected to metallurgical test for detrimental
phase in accordance with ASTM A923 Method A on one test piece from one pipe
representing each lot.
ii. The microstructure shall display a uniform ferrite and austenite phase distribution
and shall have no continuous precipitates at the grain boundaries.
iii. The content of sigma phase shall not exceed 0.5% and total of intermetallic phase
shall not exceed 1.0%.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 28 of 47
Intergranular corrosion (IGC) test for austenitic stainless steels:

i. Austenitic stainless steels material shall pass IGC test in accordance with ASTM
A262, Practice B and Practice E.
ii. Manufacturer shall provide periodic data to demonstrate the material quality
from its production process. If the periodic data are not available, then IGC test
shall be performed for each heat in the purchase order.
iii. All welding procedure qualification test for welded pipe shall include the IGC test
requirement.
Pitting corrosion tests for duplex stainless steels:

i. Pitting corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM G48 A.
ii. Testing shall be carried out on one specimen per lot including the internal pipe
surface and, if applicable, on the weldments. For weldments, the specimens shall
contain the internal pipe surface, the weld root and the Heat Affected Zone.
iii. The exposure time shall be 24 hours.
iv. The test temperature shall be as per Table 13.
No. Materials Parent Metal Weld Metal
1 22% Cr duplex stainless steels 25°C 22°C
2 25% Cr duplex stainless steels 40°C 35°C
Note: A temperature variation not exceeding ± 0.5°C is allowed.
Table 13 : Test temperature for pitting corrosion test

v. The evaluation of results shall be via weight loss measurement and macroscopic
investigation of the surface. Macrographs obtained by low magnification
microscopy shall be provided. The acceptance criteria shall be a weight loss < 4
g/m² and no initiation of localised corrosion > 0.025mm at the test face. Only
pitting corrosion at the test face counts.
The materials certification requirements specified in Appendix 3 shall be applicable.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 29 of 47
5.0 FASTENERS
5.1 GENERAL
The general principles of material selection as per Section 2.0 of this PTS shall be applicable,
This section covers the materials for fasteners used in subsea equipment. Fasteners in this PTS
shall refer to metallic threaded connectors (i.e. bolts and nuts). For the purposes of this PTS,
the terms “bolts” and “studs” are synonymous.
Flange protectors and bolt end caps shall not be used.
LAS fasteners combined with CP shall be used for subsea applications, except where otherwise
specified in this PTS.
For subsea structural applications, the hardness and strength of LAS shall not exceed the
maximum strength and hardness specified for ISO 898 Class 8.8 bolts and Class 8 nuts.
CRA fasteners with PREN ≥40 such as Alloy 625, shall be used under a situation where electrical
continuity to the CP system cannot be ensured, such as in splash zone areas and shielded
locations.
Alloy 625 fasteners shall be used where possibility of damage and/or failure due to corrosion
by process fluids is established.
Duplex and super duplex stainless steel fasteners shall not be used.
Titanium and Monel K500 shall not be used when connected to the CP system.
Fasteners subject to cyclic loading other than pressure, such as in mechanically actuated
components, should be impact tested. The effects relating to fatigue loading shall be
investigated prior to finalizing fastener material selection.
Zinc-nickel plating or PTFE coating shall be specified to protect LAS bolts. If PTFE coating is
used, electrical contact with the CP system shall be ensured.
Cadmium plating shall not be used.
Anti-galling treatments such as nickel-based anti-seize may be applied during manufacturing

prior to shipment when difficulty in tightening and/or untightening of the bolts are expected.
The treatment may be applied to the threads and also to the nut/flange contact face, but not
to the gaskets. Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) and copper-based anti-seize compounds shall
not be used.
The minimum specified strength and/or hardness of nuts which are formed into a component
body shall not be less than that for the bolt.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 30 of 47
Bolts screwed into component bodies should be of a material that is compatible with the body
with respect to galling and ability to disassemble the component for maintenance.
Materials selection for subsea fasteners shall be as per Table 14.
Applicable
Temp. Diameter Required
Application Recommended Standards
No. (1) Range Range Hardness
Materials(2)
(°C) (mm) (HRC)
Bolts Nuts
1 Sour and LAS -46 to ≤ 100 22 ASTM ASTM

Non-sour 400 A193 A194
service Gr. Gr. 2HM
B7M
2 Sour and LAS -70 to ≤ 65 22 ASTM ASTM

Non-sour 400 A320 A194
service Gr. Gr.
L7M 7M/S3(3)
3 Sour and Alloy 625 -196 - 35 ASTM ASTM

Non-sour to 200 B446 B446
service(4)(5) Gr. 2 Gr. 2
Notes:
1. For use on CS, LAS, SS, DSS and SDSS components.
2. All materials specified in this table, with the exception of Alloy 625, shall be cathodically protected.
3. S3 is a supplementary requirement for low temperature in ASTM A194 for Grade 4, Grade 7 or Grade
7M nuts.
4. When CP cannot be ensured.
5. When exposure to internal process fluids are expected.
Table 14: Materials for Subsea Fasteners

PTS 15.01.07
Page 31 of 47

Oversizing of nut threads and under sizing of bolt threads shall not be acceptable.
Nuts for pressure containing and critical load bearing equipment shall be heavy hex type,
where heavy hex means the thickness of the nut is equal to the diameter.
Bolts thread shall be made by rolling from forged bars.
If more than one heat treatment batch is used, then each fastener shall be marked with a
letter indicating the heat treatment batch. The batches shall be kept separate throughout the
heat treatment (hardening and tempering).
The final heat treatment, which may be tempering or stress relieving operation, shall be done
after rolling of the threaded fasteners.
Any required surface coating shall be specified on the purchase order.
Inspection and testing requirements such as tensile test, impact test, hardness test and proof
load test for fasteners shall be as per the applicable manufacturing standards.
PT or MT shall be performed on all fasteners in accordance with ASTM A962 S55 or S56,
respectively. PT or MT shall be carried out according to an approved procedure based on a
recognized industry standard. The acceptance criteria shall be as per ASTM A962 S57.
Positive Material Identification (PMI) shall be performed on all fasteners prior to shipment in
accordance with PTS 15.02.01 and ASTM A962 S58.
The general materials certification requirements specified in Appendix 3 shall be applicable,

All fasteners shall be delivered with material certificates in accordance with BS EN 10204 Type
3.1 or equivalent.
For fasteners manufactured directly from bars, the bar material certificate shall be attached
to the fastener’s manufacturer certificate.
All fasteners supplied in bulk shall be delivered with a specific test report or certification
according to the specified product standard.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 32 of 47
6.0 SEALS AND GASKETS
6.1 GENERAL
Gasket materials for API and ASME type flange shall comply with API 6A and ASME B16.20,
respectively with additional requirements as specified in this section.
The seal and gasket materials shall, as a minimum, be resistant to the internal process fluids
and the external environment conditions.
Metallic seals and gaskets shall at least be as noble as the material of the mating faces.
Alloy 625 seal and gasket materials shall be specified as a minimum for subsea applications
where the seal material is exposed to raw seawater, regardless of the service. Where Alloy
625 seal and gaskets materials are specified, Alloy 625 weld overlay shall be applied on all
sealing surfaces.
Alloy 825 and SS Type 316 seals and gaskets may be used where exposure to raw seawater is
not expected, provided these materials are resistant to the service environment.
Materials for ring gaskets shall be of lower hardness than the base flange material. The
maximum hardness values are as per Table 15.
Unless otherwise specified, the hardness of metallic seals and gaskets shall not exceed 200
HB.
Seals and gaskets shall not be re-used.
Non-metallic seals may be proposed by Contractor, and shall be qualified for use according to
procedures described in applicable material and/or design codes. The selection of non-
metallic seal materials shall be dependent on compatibility with any chemicals, process fluids,
and/or environmental conditions that it may come in contact with, and shall consider all
threats, such as explosive decompression, extrusion under pressure and crevice corrosion at
the metal-to-non-metallic seal interface. If non-metallic seals are chosen, a detailed
compatibility analysis shall be performed prior to start of production.
Non-metallic gaskets shall not be used for main subsea flowline connections or subsidiary
connections (chemical, hydraulic lines etc.)
Graphite gaskets shall not be used for subsea.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 33 of 47
Table 15 lists recommended metallic materials for subsea seals and gaskets.
Recommended Applicable
No. Application Max Hardness (HB)
Materials Standards
1 Seal Rings and 316 SS 160 UNS S31600

Ring Gaskets
Alloy 825 160 UNS N08825
Alloy 625 200 UNS N06625
Notes:
1. Where exposure to seawater is not expected.
2. For any application.
Table 15: Metallic Materials for Subsea Seals and Gaskets

Manufacturing, inspection and testing requirements of seals and gaskets for wellhead and
subsea trees shall comply with ISO 13628-4 and ISO 10423.
The general inspection and testing requirements specified in Appendix 2 shall be applicable.
All seals and gaskets shall be delivered with material certificates in accordance with BS EN
10204 Type 3.1 or equivalent.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 34 of 47
7.0 CONNECTORS
7.1 GENERAL
This PTS shall cover the material requirements for all types of subsea connectors, which
include, but are not limited to:
i. Flange connectors
ii. Clamp connectors
iii. Collet connectors
iv. Wellhead connectors
Flange connections may be specified to either ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47 or API 6A Type 6BX.
The use of proprietary connectors shall be subject to qualification as per clause 2.1.8.
The body materials for subsea connectors shall be forged carbon manganese or low alloy
steels with the surfaces exposed to process fluids weld overlaid with Alloy 625.
Alternatively, HIP 25% Cr super duplex stainless steels may also be specified.
Alloy 625 weld overlay shall be applied on all sealing surfaces, regardless of the material.
The material compatibility between the flange and the adjacent piping, flowline, pipeline or
fitting shall be considered during the material selection process, to ensure weldability and
yield strength matching.
The use of high strength LAS (e.g. AISI 4130, AISI 4140 and AISI 8630) weld overlaid with CRA
(e.g. Alloy 625) requires additional precautions to avoid the development of a brittle fusion
line, and shall be subject to Owner approval.
Recommended materials for subsea connectors are listed in Table 16.
Connector Hub ASTM A182 Grade F22

1 LAS
Connector Body ASTM A694 Grade F65
2 Weld Overlay Alloy 625 UNS N06625
Connector Hub
3 HIP 25% Cr SDSS ASTM A988 (UNS S32750)
Connector Body
Table 16: Recommended Materials for Subsea Connectors

PTS 15.01.07
Page 35 of 47

Manufacturing, inspection and testing requirements of connectors for wellhead and subsea
trees shall comply with ISO 13628-4 and ISO 10423.
Ferrite content measurement for 25% Cr SDSS shall be as per section 4.4.5 of this PTS.
Metallurgical test for 25% Cr SDSS shall be as per section 4.4.6 of this PTS.
Pitting corrosion tests for 25% Cr SDSS shall be as per section 4.4.8 of this PTS.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 36 of 47
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:
PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03
Reading Guide
Thermoplastic Lined Pipelines PTS 11.32.06
Piping General Requirements PTS 12.30.02
Technology Qualification for Subsea Development Project PTS 12.50.02
Materials for Use in H2S-Containing Environments in Oil and Gas PTS 15.01.05
Production (Amendments and Supplements to
ANSI/NACE/MR0175/ISO 15156)
Brittle Fracture of Metallic Materials PTS 15.10.01
Positive Material Identification (PMI) PTS 15.02.01
CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe (Amendments/Supplements to API PTS 15.10.04
Spec 5LD)
Specification for CRA Line Pipe (Amendments/Supplements to API PTS 15.10.05
Spec 5LC)
Specification for Linepipe (Amendments/Supplements to API 5L) PTS 15.10.07
Welding for Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries PTS 15.12.01
(Amendments/Supplements to API RP 582)
Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to PTS 15.23.01
Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (Amendments/Supplements to NACE
TM0284)
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE

Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment API 6A
Specification for Line Pipe API 5L
CRA Line Pipe API 5LC
CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe API 5LD
Heat Treatment and Testing of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Large API RP 6HT
Cross Section and Critical Section Components
Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems – General API 17A
Requirements and Recommendations

PTS 15.01.07
Page 37 of 47
Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems – Subsea API 17D

Wellhead and Tree Equipment
Design and Operation of Subsea Production Systems – Subsea API 17P
Structures and Manifolds
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Materials ASME Section II
Nondestructive Examination ASME Section V
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels ASME Section VIII
Welding and Brazing Qualifications ASME Section IX
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS ½ through NPS 24 ASME B16.5
Metric/Inch Standard
Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and ASME B16.20
Jacketed
Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60 Metric/Inch ASME B16.47
Standard
Process Piping ASME B31.3
Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and ASME B31.4
Other Liquids
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME B31.8
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High- ASTM A106
Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless ASTM A182
Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-
Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for ASTM A193
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special
Purpose Applications
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless ASTM A194
Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,
or Both
Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel ASTM A240

Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for
General Applications
Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular ASTM A262
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

PTS 15.01.07
Page 38 of 47
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic ASTM A269

Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold ASTM A312
Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for ASTM A320
Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for ASTM A333
Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications with Required
Notch Toughness
Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic ASTM A358
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service and General Applications
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of ASTM A370
Steel Products
Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel ASTM A403
Piping Fittings
Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel ASTM A420
and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for ASTM A671
Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe ASTM A694
Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission
Service
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic ASTM A789
Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic ASTM A790
Stainless Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and ASTM A815
Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
Standard Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM A833
by Comparison Hardness Testers
Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic ASTM A923
Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless ASTM A928
Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting ASTM A962
Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
Range
Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel ASTM A988
Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service

PTS 15.01.07
Page 39 of 47
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Unalloyed ASTM B363

Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Fittings
Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought Nickel and ASTM B366
Nickel Alloy Fittings
Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum- ASTM B443
Columbium Alloy(UNS N06625) and Nickel-Chromium-
Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy (UNS N06219) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Columbium Alloys (UNS N06625 and UNS N06852) and Nickel-
Chromium-Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy (UNS N06219) Pipe and Tub
Columbium Alloy (UNS N06625), Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-
Silicon Alloy (UNS N06219), and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-
Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06650) Rod and Bar
Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless ASTM B861
Pipe
Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E10
Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship ASTM E140
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and
Leeb Hardness
Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic ASTM E18
Materials
Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E92
Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing ASTM E709
Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion ASTM G48
Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric
Chloride Solution
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE

Metallic products. Types of inspection documents BS EN 10204
DNV GL
Steel Forgings for Subsea Applications DNVGL RP 0034
Design of Duplex Stainless Steel Subsea Equipment Exposed to DNV RP F112
Cathodic Protection” to avoid Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking
(HISC)
Submarine Pipeline Systems DNV OS F101

PTS 15.01.07
Page 40 of 47
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDIZATION

Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy ISO 898-1
steel – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property
classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
steel – Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes - Coarse thread
and fine pitch thread
steel – Part 5: Set screws and similar threaded fasteners with
specified hardness classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
Mechanical properties of fasteners – Part 7: Torsional test and ISO 898-7
minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters 1
mm to 10 mm
Welding – Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenitic and ISO 8249
duplex ferritic-austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Drilling and Production ISO 10423
Equipment – Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
Steel and steel products – Inspection documents ISO 10474
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of ISO 13628-1
subsea production systems, Part 1: General requirements and
recommendations
subsea production systems, Part 4: Subsea Wellhead and Tree
Equipment
subsea production systems, Part 15: Subea Structures and
Manifold
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S- NACE MR0175/
containing environments in oil and gas production, Part 1 : General ISO 15156 -1
principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials
containing environments in oil and gas production, Part 2: ISO 15156 -2
Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast
irons
containing environments in oil and gas production, Part 3: ISO 15156 -3
Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion resistant alloys) and other alloys

PTS 15.01.07
Page 41 of 47
Petroleum and natural gas industries -- Induction bends, fittings ISO 15590-1
and flanges for pipeline transportation systems -- Part 1: Induction
bends
and flanges for pipeline transportation systems -- Part 2: Fittings
and flanges for pipeline transportation systems -- Part 3: Flanges
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Materials ISO 21457
selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems
NORSK SOKKELS KONKURANSEPOSISJON (NORSOK)

Materials Selection NORSOK M-001

PTS 15.01.07
Page 42 of 47
APPENDIX 1: MATERIALS MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
1.1 GENERAL
1.1.1 The Manufacturer shall be evaluated through a qualification process by the Owner or Owner
appointed party.
1.1.2 A Manufacturing Process Specification (MPS) shall be prepared by Manufacturer for all
materials under this specification. The MPS shall be submitted to Owner for approval. As a
minimum, the following details shall be provided in the MPS:
i. Steel making, manufacturing process and sequence including heat treatment
conditions and chemical compositions
ii. Welding procedures inclusive of weld overlay, weld repair procedures and
qualifications
iii. Inspection requirements during manufacturing including surface and
volumetric inspections
iv. Testing requirements of the product including mechanical tests, corrosion
tests, hydrostatic tests, etc.
v. Dimensional control
vi. Traceability
vii. Materials marking and certification
viii. Materials handling and preservation
1.1.3 Material specifications shall be submitted to Owner for approval.
1.1.4 A specific Manufacturing Process Quality Plan (MPQP) inclusive of Inspection and Test Plan
(ITP) and other procedures such as heat treatment procedures, NDT procedures etc. shall be
issued by the Manufacturer for Owner approval.
1.1.5 A pre-production meeting shall be conducted prior to the commencement of production.
1.1.6 Off-the-shelf materials can be accepted provided that the materials comply with the following
requirements
i. Original or certified true copy materials certificates shall be provided to
Owner by materials supplier.
ii. Markings on materials shall be legible and traceable to the material
certificates. Traceability of materials certificates and marking on materials
shall be witnessed by Owner approved third party.
iii. All chemical, mechanical, dimensional and physical requirements shall comply
with the relevant PTS and project requirements.
iv. Materials shall be inspected physically and shall be free from corrosion or
physical damage.
v. Supplier shall conduct re-testing for chemical analysis and mechanical testing
on the proposed materials at their own cost should full information of the
proposed materials is not available or doubtful to Owner.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 43 of 47
vi. All tests and physical examination shall be witnessed by Owner approved
third party.
vii. All documentations shall be submitted to Owner for review and approval.
1.2 CARBON STEEL
1.2.1 All carbon and low-alloy steel shall be made by the basic oxygen or electric arc furnace
methods, and shall be fully killed and made to fine grain practice.
1.2.2 The manufacturing of CS line pipe shall follow the requirements of API 5L with amendments/
supplementary requirements as per PTS 15.10.07.
1.2.3 CS with a nominal carbon concentration greater than 0.12% shall have a maximum CE of 0.43
calculated in accordance with the following formula:
Mn (Cr+Mo+V) (Cu+Ni)
CE=C+ + +
6 5 15
1.2.4 All materials with CE more than 0.43, shall be post weld heat treated (PWHT) after welding.
1.2.5 Micro-alloyed line pipe steels and carbon steels with a nominal carbon content of 0.12% or
less shall not have a Pcm in excess of 0.20 when calculated using the following formula:
𝑆𝑖 Mn 𝐶𝑢 𝑁𝑖 𝐶𝑟 𝑀𝑜 𝑉
Pcm=C+ + + + + + + + 5𝐵
30 20 20 60 20 15 10
1.2.6 If cold forming during pipe (or clad pipe) manufacture results in >5% strain, the pipe shall be
subject to a stress relieving heat treatment. Properties of the pipe shall be qualified in the
final heat treated condition. The heat treatment procedure for clad pipe shall be subjected to
Owner approval.
1.3 AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
1.3.1 The manufacturing of CRA line pipe shall follow the requirements of API 5LC with
amendments/ supplementary requirements as per PTS 15.10.05.
1.3.2 Welded austenitic stainless steels shall contain no more than 0.03% carbon or shall be
stabilized by Nb or Ti alloying.
1.3.3 Duplex stainless steels Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) components may also be used.
1.3.4 The chemical composition and PREN of super austenitic and duplex stainless steels shall meet
requirements as per Table 17.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 44 of 47
No. Alloy Nitrogen content, min (%) Minimum PREN
1 22% Cr duplex stainless steels 0.14 35
2 25% Cr duplex stainless steels 0.20 42
3 Super austenitic stainless steels 0.18 42
Notes:
1. 22% Cr duplex stainless shall contain minimum of 1.5% mass fraction of Molybdenum
2. The PREN shall be calculated as per equation below:
PREN =% Cr+3.3 %Mo+16 %N
3. When tungsten is present in the alloy, the PREN shall be calculated as per equation below:
PREN =% Cr+3.3 (%Mo+0.5 %W)+16 %N
Table 17 : Chemical Composition Requirements
1.4 NICKEL BASED ALLOYS
1.4.1 The manufacturing of CRA clad line pipe shall follow the requirements of API 5LD with
amendments/ supplementary requirements as per PTS 15.10.04.
1.4.2 Corrosion resistant alloy claddings, including nickel based alloys shall be applied in accordance
with qualified manufacturing procedures. Claddings shall be metallurgically bonded to the
substrate material by means of overlay welding or by roll cladding / explosive cladding
methods. The procedures shall be submitted to Owner for review and approval.
1.4.3 Where Alloy 625 weld overlays are specified, the weld overlays shall have:
i. A minimum of two passes.
ii. Thickness not less than 3 mm at the final finished surfaces, including machined
locations.
iii. Iron content at the finished surfaces not more than 5%, including machined
locations.
1.5 NON-METALLIC MATERIALS
1.5.1 The manufacturing of thermoplastic lined pipe shall be in accordance with PTS 11.32.06. The
non-metallic material is excluding reinforced thermoplastic and thermo composite pipe.
1.6 FORGED COMPONENTS
1.6.1 All forged CS and LAS components shall comply with qualification, manufacturing, inspection
and testing requirements as per DNVGL-RP-0034.
1.6.1 For forged materials, the minimum forging ratio shall be 4:1 for all components. Heavy wall
components shall be subjected to pre-boring before heat treatment.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 45 of 47
1.6.2 All duplex stainless steels forged components shall be impact tested at -50°C.
1.7 HEAT TREATMENT
1.7.1 Heat treatment procedures shall be submitted for Owner approval.
1.7.2 All materials shall be supplied in heat treated conditions as per requirements in Table 18.
No. Material Heat Treatment
1 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Pipes Normalized or thermo-mechanically

treated or quenched and tempered
2 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Fittings Normalized or Normalized and tempered or
Quenched and tempered
3 Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels Solution annealed and rapidly cooled
4 Nickel-Based Alloy Solution annealed and rapidly cooled
Table 18: Heat Treatment Requirements

PTS 15.01.07
Page 46 of 47
APPENDIX 2: INSPECTION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS DURING MANUFACTURING
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1 All materials shall be tested to demonstrate compliance to mechanical properties including
tensile properties, impact value and hardness of the materials as per the base material
standard and this specification. Testing shall be done per heat/ per heat treatment batch / per
lot basis, as agreed by Owner. The mechanical properties shall be measured in the final heat
treatment condition, including PWHT where applicable.
2.1.2 CS for sour service, stainless steels and CRA materials shall undergo corrosion testing to
demonstrate its corrosion resistance. Specific corrosion testing requirements can be found
under the inspection and testing requirements under each section.
2.1.3 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) shall be developed for manufacturing activities. ITP shall as a
minimum cover all testing and inspection required, the responsible parties to each activity,
controlling documents and acceptance criteria as specified in relevant documents. All “Hold
Points” during manufacturing shall be agreed to by mutual consent between Owner and
Manufacturer.
2.1.4 The inspection and testing, including procedures, frequency of testing and acceptance criteria,
shall be in accordance with material standards, ASME Section V and as per requirements
specified in this PTS.
2.1.5 Manufacturer shall have material traceability system and procedures which are fully
implemented and documented. The materials traceability shall be submitted to Owner and
kept by the Manufacturer.
2.1.6 If the material traceability or origin of material is in doubt, PMI test shall be performed.
Manufacturer shall engage third party inspection agency approved by Owner to validate all
inspection and testing results.
2.1.7 All test specimen shall be cut from actual pipes/material from the order with the same heat
number. The heat number shall be transferred to each test specimen appropriately. The test
frequency and test specimen location shall follow the requirements of respective PTS and
international standards.
2.1.8 HIC testing for CS and LAS materials shall comply with PTS 15.23.01.

PTS 15.01.07
Page 47 of 47
APPENDIX 3: MATERIALS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1.1 Material certificates shall comply with BS EN 10204 or ISO 10474.
3.1.2 The language used in material certificates shall be English. Certificates in other languages are
acceptable provided that these are accompanied by an endorsed, stamped and dated English
translation of the original certificate.
3.1.3 Certificates for final products (such as welded fittings) shall include certification of the base
material and a copy of the WPS and PQR applied. If the Manufacturer of a semi-finished
product and the Supplier of the base material are not the same, the certificate shall consist of
two documents covering both stages of the manufacturing process.
3.1.4 All material certificates shall state the following as a minimum:

i. Name of manufacturer and factory symbol
ii. Purchaser order number and date of revision
iii. Certificate number and date of issue
iv. Material specification in full
v. Dimensions
vi. Quantity and/or weight
vii. Heat number, charge number or batch number
viii. Actual chemical, mechanical and physical properties
ix. When applicable, NDT methods applied and results thereof
x. When applicable, heat treatment type and heat treatment records
xi. Supplementary or additional requirements
3.1.5 In addition, Type 3.2 certificate shall state:

i. That identification of the material has been verified by the independent third
party inspector
ii. That all tests were witnessed by the independent third party inspector
iii. Independent third party inspector’s identification symbol
iv. Certificate number and date of issue
3.1.6 All components in pressure containing or pressure retaining components under hydrocarbon
service shall be supplied with materials certification in accordance with BS EN 10204 Type 3.2
or equivalent, unless otherwise specified.
3.1.7 Other pressure containing or pressure retaining components for non-hydrocarbon service
shall be supplied with materials certification in accordance with BS EN 10204 Type 3.1 or
equivalent as a minimum, unless otherwise specified.

Materials Selection For Subsea Applications

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Materials Selection For Subsea Applications

© 2016 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

6.5 MATERIALS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 33

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

Specific Definition of Terms

No. Term Definition

2 Carbon Steel As defined in ISO 13628-1

3 Casting Metal that is obtained at or near its finished shape by the

4 Clad Clad means that the cladding is metallurgically bonded to the

5 Connector A device used to make strong pressure tight connections

6 Corrosion Allowance Total estimated wall thickness reduction of carbon steel

7 Corrosion Resistant As defined in ISO 13628-1

8 Fasteners Threaded hardware device, typically comprising of bolt and

9 Heat Affected Zones As defined in API 6A

10 Hot Isostatic A manufacturing process which applies high gas pressure at

11 Hydrogen Induced As defined in DNV RP F-112

12 Jumper A short pipe or spool piece or flexible pipe with a connector

13 Lined Lined means that the alloy is mechanically or thermo-

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

No. Term Definition

14 Low Alloy Steel As defined in ISO 13628-1

𝐹𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑁 = 𝑤𝐶𝑟 + 3.3(𝑤𝑀𝑜 + 0.5𝑤𝑊 ) + 16𝑤𝑁

18 Type 22% Cr Duplex Ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with minimum 35

19 Type 25% Cr Duplex Ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with minimum 42

20 Umbilical A group of functional components, such as electric cables,

21 Weld Overlay A process where a metallic material is deposited by welding

22 Wetted Surfaces Surfaces exposed directly to the internal process fluids

Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

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MATERIALS SELECTION FOR SUBSEA APPLICATIONS February 2016

No. Abbreviation Description

4 CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy

6 CIU Chemical Injection Unit

7 DSS Duplex Stainless Steel

8 ECT Eddy Current Testing

9 EFW Electric Fusion Welded

10 EJB Electrical Junction Box

11 EPU Electrical Power Unit

12 ERW Electric Resistance Weld

14 HAZ Heat Affected Zones

15 HB Brinell Hardness Scale

16 HFI High Frequency Induction

17 HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking

18 HIP Hot Isostatic Pressing

19 HISC Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking

20 HPU Hydraulic Power Unit

21 HRB Rockwell Hardness Scale B

22 HRC Rockwell Hardness Scale C