CELL DIVISION AND

GROWTH
GENERAL BIOLOGY I
MS. JANE ESMIL
 CELL DIVISION
A process of producing new cells from the pre-existing cells.
enable cells to grow and develop
parent cells divide to produce daughter cells
it is responsible for growth, replacement of old cells, repairing of damaged cells and
tissues, and reproduction
 Cell division in Eukaryotes
1. Karyokinesis ( Nuclear division)
2. Cytokinesis ( Cytoplasmic division)
 CELL CYLCE
1INTERPHASE
G1
phase that growth and increase in cell
size. The RNA and proteins are being
synthesized.
S
phase that is DNA is being synthesize and
replicate.
G2
phase wherein cell size continuing to
increase and asters are formed.

2. M I T O S I S

3. C Y T O K I N E S I S
 abc

MITOSIS
occurs in somatic cells (body cells)
Process of cell division in which
chromosomes are replicated and divided
identical to parent cell.
each daughter cell will receive exact copy
of DNA from parent cell
Mitosis has four stages: PMAT
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
 PROPHASE
Condensing/coiling of chromosomes and

it become visible

spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes

nuclear envelope breaks down

centrosome moves toward opposite poles

 METAPHASE
Chromosomes are line up at the

metaphase plate

Each sister chromatid are attached to the

spindle fiber originating from opposite

poles
 ANAPHASE
Centromeres split into two

Sister chromatids (now called as

chromosomes) pulled towards opposite

poles

certain spindle fibers begin to elongate

the cells
 TELOPHASE
Chromosomes arrived on the opposite

poles and begin to decondense

nuclear envelope begin to surround each

sets of chromosomes

nucleus are formed

mitotic spindle fibers break down but

continue to push each poles apart.

beginning of cytokinesis
 MEIOSIS
occurs in gametes (sex cells)
process of nuclear division wherein
chromosome is reduce in half (haploid n)
two types of Meiosis--Meiosis I and II

Meiosis I (segregation)
homologous pairs are separated reducing
chromosome numbers by half

Meiosis II
sister chromatids are separated
producing four haploid gametes
 PROPHASE I
90% of meiotic division

nucleolus disappears and chromosome

condense

Homologous chromosomes form bivalent

tetrads and undergo crossing over.

spindle fiber assembles and move the

chromosomes into the equator of the cell

Crossing over

the homologous pairs move closer

together and exchange genetic materials

that result to unidentical genes.

 PROPHASE I
90% of meiotic division

nucleolus disappears and chromosome

condense

Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis)

form bivalent tetrads and undergo crossing

over.

spindle fiber assembles and move the

chromosomes into the equator of the cell

Crossing over

the homologous pairs move closer together

and exchange genetic materials that result to

unidentical genes.

Chiasmata

area of crossing over

 METAPHASE I ANAPHASE I
The chromosomes begin to separate
The bivalent chromosomes align
towards the opposite poles.
themselves in the equatorial plate.
 TELOPHASE I
nuclear envelope reappears in each set of

chromosomes

formation of cleavage furrows

cytokinesis will begin

 MEIOSIS II
Process are identical to mitotic

division however resulted to four

haploid daughter cells.

 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES

1. Answer for 10 minutes.

2. Erasures means wrong
 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES

1. Answer for 10 minutes.

2. Erasures means wrong