14:635-407

Mechanical Properties of Materials

Section 01
Instructor
Prof. Thomas Tsakalakos
Department of Materials Science & Engineering

Contact Information:
School Engineering Building A100
Tel: 848-445 2888
E-mail: tsakalak@rci.rutgers.edu
 Venue & Time of the Class

•Section: 01
•Days: Mondays & Wednesdays
•Time: 17:00-18:20
•Location: SEC-117 Busch Campus
•Thanksgiving Recess Nov 22-25, 2012
Required Textbook
“Materials Science &”
Engineering
An Introduction
by
W.D. Callister
8th Edition
John Wiley & Sons
Book + CD needed

Supplementary materials
will be distributed as needed.
 Office Hours
Monday & Wednesday
14:30-16:30
School of Engineering Building A100
Open door policy or by appointments outside of
office hours

Dr. T. Tsakalakos’ WWW

Learning Resources:

www.rci.rutgers.edu/~tsakalak/CME407
(will be operational by Thursday Sept 6)
www.rci.rutgers.edu/~
 Computer Requirement

Some classes may be be held at the

Design, Simulation and Visualization
(DSV) Computer Lab in room B-127 in
the Engineering Building.

All students are required to set up an

account prior to the first computer
session.
 Course Outline

 Course Objective…
 Introduce fundamental concepts of materials
 What you will learn…
 Structure of materials
 How structure affects properties
 How processing affects structure
 This course will help you to…
 Use/designate materials properly
 Realize new design opportunities by proper
material selection
Course Outline (Cont’d)
 Grading
Weekly in-lecture 5 min quizzes. Maybe 5% of final
grade as a bonus. Once a week on Wednesdays based
on last lecture.
(Lowest two quizzes will be dropped). Approx. 12
quizzes per semester.

Homeworks –25% of final grade. Approx. 7-10. No

late homework accepted. Lowest HW score dropped.

Tests -25% each. 3 Tests. No final examination.

 Homeworks
a) A lot of weight is placed on homeworks. If
you have troubles, come ask!! BUT only after
the effort has been made.

b) Torn out paper edges are not acceptable – use

real paper.

c) Use a pen.

d) Use staples and paper clips when necessary.

The HW’s are to encourage you to learn the
material and prepare you for the tests.
 Problem-solving Tips

•Homework –Try even if you get stuck, move on, return,

etc.
•Do not wait until the night before the test.
•List quantities asked and all relevant info given to you.
•Draw a picture, schematic, etc. to help you visualize the
problem.
•Consider laws, definitions, and equations.
•Ask yourself: “What are the unique conditions?”
•Ascertain that the relations you use are appropriate.
•There may be intermediate steps in the solution.
•State l steps and assumptions used.
•Make sure you answer all questions asked.
Check the units and conversions.
 Other Administrative Matters
Attendance: Attendance is mandatory! Attendance will be taken each class.
A student will be allowed 2 unexcused absences, after which the student’s
final grade may be dropped by 2.5% for each additional class missed.
Students will be excused without penalty from class because of a religious
observance or matters of health. Come see me if you have missed classes so
that I can help you make up what you missed.
Policy on Calculators: Students will only be allowed to use a simple, four
function calculators on quizzes and exams. Multifunction calculators with
advanced memory capabilities will not be allowed to be used on quizzes or
exams. Students should see the me prior to a quiz or exam if there is any
confusion with this policy.
Policy on Other Electronic Devices: No Electronic Devices during Exams
are allowed. The use of mobile phones, pagers, digital music playersman or
any other electronic devices that may disrupt the class are not permitted.
Students are encouraged not to bring these devices to class. If it is necessary
to bring a device to class, it must be turned off or muted.
 Chapter 1
“Introduction“
 Engineering 101
Maximize as needed!
Don’t overdo though…

Performance
Maximize!
Cost

Minimize as much Always a formidable

as possible! problem in Engineering.

Engineering is the creation of some useful functionality through the use of

human intellect, bound by the laws of Physics, at the lowest possible cost! The concept
of “best” is chiefly determined by the performance/cost ratio!
 “Processing-Structure-Property”
Relationships
 Properties can vary
by orders of
magnitude Properties
 Properties strongly
linked to the
structure
 Processing can alter
the structure
 Understanding the
structure is the key Processing Structure
to mastery of
materials’
properties…
 Multi-scale Hierarchy in Engineering
Materials
 Materials are engineered structures …not black-boxes!!!
 Structure has many dimensions….

Atomic bonding…………………….. <10-10 m

Missing/extra atoms………………. 10-10 m
Crystals (ordered atoms)……….. 10-8 m
Second phase particles………….. 10-8 to 10-4 m
Crystal texture………………………. >10-6 m
Grain structure……………………… 10-8 to 10-3 m

 Structural control over 7 orders of magnitude on the size-

scale produces what is known as macroscopic properties of
materials.
 Example: Structure-Property Relationships in
Steel
Properties depend on structure…hardness vs. structure of steel through
control of quenching rate
(d)

6 00
Brinell Hardness (BHN)

30 m m
5 00 (c)

4 00 (b)
(a)
4mm
3 00
30 m m
2 00 30 m m

100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)
Example: Control of Electrical Properties

 Electrical resistivity of Copper:

6
Resistivity (10-8 Ohmm)

5
Adding “impurity”
4 atoms increases resistivity

3
Deforming Cu increases
2
resistivity slightly
1

0
-200 -100 0 T (°C)
Example: Control of Thermal Properties

Space shuttle tiles Thermal conductivity of Cu

Fiber insulation varies with Zn additions

100 mm
 Example: Control of Magnetic Properties
 Magnetic Storage:  Magnetic Permeability
• Recording medium is • Adding 3% Si in Fe
magnetized by recording head makes Fe a better
recording medium

Fe+3%Si

Magnetization
Fe

Magnetic Field
 Example: Control of Optical Prop’s
 Transmittance: Alumina (Al2O3) can be transparent,
translucent, or opaque depending on structure, which is
governed by processing.
More Polycrystal with Polycrystal with
Expensive! low porosity high porosity

Single crystal Cheapest!

or polycrystal
with virtually
no porosity and
grain size < 400
nanometers.

Most
Expensive!
 Example: Control of Deterioration

 Stress & saltwater can  Proper heat treatment

cause cracks can slow/eliminate
 cracking

“as-is”

Crack speed (m/s)

10 -8

“held at
160 C for 1hr
before testing”
10 -10

Increasing load
Alloy 7178 tested in
saturated aqueous NaCl
solution at 23 C
 The Materials Selection Process
 Pick Application Determine required Properties
such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic,
optical, etc.

 Properties Identify candidate Material(s) , its

chemical composition and microstructure.

 Material Identify the required Processing

 Processing (casting, sintering, vapor deposition,

joining, annealing, deformation, etc.)…. governs
atomic/crystallographic/microstructural constitution of
the material as well as its shape!
Examples: Advanced Materials for
Aerospace Applications
Example: Micro Electrical Mechanical
Devices (MEMS)
Example: Environmental Cleanup
Example: Composites
Used in high
weight/thrust
ratio applications.
 Example: NanoStuff

Nanotube
Nanogear

Nanocones
C60 Buckminsterfullerene
 Example: Bioceramics

Alumina/HA Hip Replacement

Hydroxyapetite Bone Implants

 Summary
 Course Goals:

 Use the right engineering material for the

application of interest.

 Understand the relationship between

processing, properties and structure.

 Recognize new design opportunities offered

by materials selection
 Assignment for Lecture 01

 Reading:

Chapter 1
Chapter 2

 There will be no Quiz next

class!