ixialrKh l< PdhdrEmhla

jákdlfuka ySk jkjdo@ ,d,a yEf.dv

PdhdrEmh
fuu ,smsh ;=<§ PdhdrEmhla hhs woyia flfrkafka mg, fyda äðg,a leurdjlska .;a"
ridhksl lvodishl uqøKh l< fyda ;srhla u; m%lafIamKh jk rEmhlgh'

miqmsßhu ^Post Processing&

miqmsßhu hkafkka woyia flfrkafka leurdfjka igyka lr.;a rEmh ñksia weiska
krUkakg fmr wksjd¾Hfhkau miq l< hq;= l%ufõohhs' miqmsßhfï fojeks wÈhrlao ;sfí'
tA ñksia weiska kerUQ miq leurd fikairfha fyda mg,máfha we;s ;dlaI‚l wvq ¨yq~qlï
ksid PdhdrEmfha we;s jk jerÈ fyda wiïmQ¾K;d ksjerÈ lr .ekSugh'

ixialrKh ^Editing&
bÈßm;a lrk wjidk rEmrduqj ;=< we;s jia;+ka o j¾Khka o bj;a lsÍu" fjkia lsÍu yd
msg;ska we;s jia;+ka yd j¾Khka rduqj ;=<g f.k tAuh'

PdhdrEmh .ekSug fmr iajNdúl o¾Ykfha we;s jia;+ka bj;a lsÍu" fjkia lsÍu yd msg;ska
jia;+ka we;=<;a lsÍu isÿ úh yelsh' PdhdrEmh .;a miq o bj;a lsÍu" fjkia lsÍu fyda
msg;ska f.k tAu isÿ lrkq ,efí' Editing hhs ckm%sh joklska meyeÈ,s lrkq ,nkafka
PdhdrEm .ekSfuka miqj lrk l%shdjhs' tho miqmsßhï l%shdodufhau fldgils'

Page 1 of 9
ksjerÈ PdhdrEmhla ^a correct photograph&
ñksia weiska fmfkk o¾Ykfha ;shqKqlug" j¾Khg yd yevhg wdikak jYfhka iudk
jQ tys PdhdrEmhlg" ksjerÈ PdhdrEmhla hhs lshkq ,efí' fuh fndfyda úg miqmsßhug
Ndckh ù ;sfnkjd jkakg mq¿jk' zwdikak jYfhka iudk jQZ hhs i|yka lf<a" ñksia
weiska olsk foa tf,iskau PdhdrEmfha igyka lsÍug fkdyels neúks'

id¾:l PdhdrEmhla ^a successul photograph&

PdhdrEm .ekSfï mrud¾:h bIaG l<d jQ tA fya;=fjka krUkakdf.a wjOdkh Èkd.;a
PdhdrEmhla fuys§ id¾:l PdhdrEmhla f,i ye¢ka fõ'

PdhdrEm .ekSfï mrud¾:h

mqyqKqùu i|yd .kakd PdhdrEm yerekq fldg f,dj ish¨u PdhdrEm" PdhdrEm .ekSfï
mrud¾: wkqj f;jeoEreï fõ'

1' jd¾;d ^Documentry&

2' ks¾udKd;aul ^Creative&
3' l,d;aul ^Art& jYfhks'

PdhdrEmhla ixialrKh lsÍu

ixialrKh hkq ´kEu l,djl§ ±lsh yels jQ ks¾udKfha uQ,sl mshjrls' kjl;djl"
lúhl" fõÈld kdgHl" iskudjl h:dj tf,iskau olajkafka ke;' ksrEmKh lrkafka ke;'
th l< fkdyelsh' m%;sks¾udKh werfUkafka ixialrKfhks' ks¾udKd;aul PdhdrEmhl§
PdhdrEmh .ekSug fmro miqjo" ;u m%ldYhg whs;s oE" Ys,amshd úiska ;ukg ßis mßÈ
ilialrkq ,efí'

ridhksl PdhdrEm hq.fha § fmr msßhï fukau miqmsßhïo" ixialrKho" Ndú; lr ;sfí'
kQ;k PdhdrEm Ys,amshd" äðg,a PdhdrEmlrKfha § mer‚ ÿIalr ridhksl l%ufõohka
fjkqjg" mß.Klho" kQ;k uDÿldx.hka o Ndú; lrñka miq msßhuo" ixialrKho
myiqfjka bgqlr .kafkah'

m%Yak lsÍu we;af;a t;ekh' äðg,a PdhdrEmlrKfha § flfrk ixialrKh jrola f,i
olskakg iuyreka fm<ö we;' tys w.h ySk jkjdo@ tfia ixialrKh l< PdhdrEmh
jrolao@

Page 2 of 9
f,dalfha l,d;aul PdhdrEmh hhs uq,a ye¢kaùu ,enQ ì%;dkH cd;sl PdhdrEm Ys,amS fykaß
mSÉ frdìkaika ^Henry Peach Robinson, 1830-1901& ks¾udKh l< Fading Away yd
Days work is done (1852) hk PdhdrEm ms<sfj<ska RK M,l 12la yd RK M,l 6la
tlalr ;ekQ PdhdrEm folls' fujka ks¾udK ye¢kaùu i|yd tl, ifudaOdkh ^Montage&
hk jok Ndú; flreŒ' fuu PdhdrEm tlalsÍu lrkqfha w÷re l=áfha PdhdrEmh uqøKh
lrk w;rjdfr§h'

frdìkaikaf.a fuu PdhdrEmh ye¢kaùfï§ yd úfõpkh lsÍfï§ Montage hk jok Ndú;

lsÍfuka .uH jkafka" Bg fmro" PdhdrEm tlalr ;ks PdhdrEm ks¾udKh lr we;s njhs'

© Henry Peach Robinson - Fading Away

frdìkaikaf.a PdhdrEmh yd tys ifudaOdkh tl, ì%;dkH PdhdrEm ix.ï iy PdhdrEm

m%ldYkj, ±ä m%Yak lsÍïj,g Ndckh úh' fufia RK M,l ^Negatives& tlalr PdhdrEm
ks¾udKh lsÍu PdhdrEm l,dj ;=< kS;Hdkql,
+ ±hs ì%;dkH PdhdrEm iudch frdìkaikaf.kaa
m%Yak lr isáfhdah' tl, PdhdrEm ks¾udKfha§ ifudaOdkh isÿlrñka isáfha kuq;a" fuu
m%Yak lsÍu isÿ jQfha wehs'

fuu m%Yak lsÍu werUqfKa Fading Away kï PdhdrEmh RK M,l 12l tl;=jla nj
frdìkaika l< fy<sorõfjka miqjh' bka fmr Tjqyq PdhdrEmh ú|.;ay' tys ;dlaIKsl
id¾:l;ajh ms<sn| Tjqyq uy;a i;=gg m;aj isáfhdah'

Page 3 of 9
fuu PdhdrEmh olsk flfkl= th ú|.kakjd úkd tys ifudaOdkhla olskafka ke;'
ixialrKh id¾:lh' weo m¿ÿ ±lsh fkdyelsh' fuu PdhdrEmh tl;= l< PdhdrEm 12lska
ks¾udKh lr we;ehs hkak th b;d mßiaifuka msßlaik flfkl=g jqjo fkdfmfka' tla l<
PdhdrEm follaj;a fidhd.; fkdyelsh' tA frdìkaikaf.a l=i,;djhhs'

PdhdrEmh krUkakd ;=< lïmkhla we;s l<d kï PdhdrEmh .;a wkaou;a" th miqmsßhï l<
wdldrh;a úuiSu wufkda{ l%shdjls' miqmsßhu fyda ixialrKh wid¾:l ù kï" PdhdrEmh
krUk w;r ;=r ±fka kï" th riúkaokhg ndOdjls' tu PdhdrEmh bj;a lrkq yer wka
ljr úi÷ulao@

PdhdrEmfhka ±lafjkafka i;Hhuo@

leurdfjka igyka jkafka th bÈßfha mj;sk fN!;sl i;Hh hhs lshkq ,efí' tÈfkod
jHjydrfha § zleurdjg fndre lrkak neyeZ lshkafka o fï woyisks' f,dj fN!;sl i;Hh
fidhd §¾> .ukla hEug fuu ,smsfha bvlv u| neúka ixlaIsma;j mejiSug isÿfõ'

ñksid ;ud bÈßfha mj;sk oE i;Hh hhs mjikafka th Tyq ;u bkaøshhkaf.ka .%yKh
lr.;a ;rugh' mj;skafka tlls' Tyq ;u bkaøshkaf.ka .%yKh lr .kafka mj;sk fohu
fkdjkafkah' zh:drEmSZ hhs lshkafka mej;s fohu fkdj ñksid ;u bkaøshhkaf.ka jgyd.;a
fohgh' PdhdrEmhla hhs lshkafka" Tyq w;aú¢" h:drEmS hhs jHjydr lrk fN!;sl jia;=fõ
msgm;lgh'

PdhdrEm i;Hh
meje;s f,dalh yd ñksid w;aú¢ f,dalh w;r we;s mr;rhg jvd mr;rhla" ñksid w;aú¢
f,dalh yd tys PdhdrEmh w;r mj;skafkah' ñksid ÿgq f,dalfha meje;s foa PdhdrEmhg
tf,iskau igyka lr.; fkdyelsh' PdhdrEmh" Igrfha" újrfha" ldpfha" fikairfha
O¾u;djhkag hg;aj" wjk;j ìysjkakla neúks' PdhdrEmh úYd,kfhka" j¾Kfhka"
meyeÈ,slñka" h:do¾Yfhka" ;%sudk;ajfhka ñksid mjik h:dfjka neyer fõ' fï ksid
f,dalfha jHjydßl i;Hh fjkqjg" PdhdrEm iïnkaOfhka zPdhdrEm i;HhZ hhs jokla
Ndú;d lsÍug fhd.Hh'

leurd ldpfha kdNsh ÿr ñ'ñ' 50g ilia lr iajhxl%Sh;djh Ndú; lrñka .kakd
PdhdrEmfhys wdikaku oDYHuh ksjerÈ;djhla we; fndfyda úg fuu PdhdrEmh miq
msßhfuka jvd;a ksjerÈ lr .ekSug wjYH jkq we;'

jd¾;d PdhdrEmhl mrud¾:h jia;=fõ isÿùfï fyda o¾Ykfha zi;Hh jd¾;djhlaZ bÈßm;a
lsÍuh' PdhdrEmh krUkakdf.a wfmalaIdjo i;Hh jd¾;djla keröuh' zi;HhfhaZ ;d¾lsl
lreKq fkdi,ld zPdhdrEm i;HhZ i;Hh fia i,ld lghq;= lsÍu f,dalfha ck iïu;
úÈhhs'

Page 4 of 9
jd¾;d PdhdrEm
jd¾;d PdhdrEm w;r mqj;am;a PdhdrEmlrKh m%uqL jk w;r mdGlhd ,sÅ; jd¾;djg
jvd PdhdrEm jd¾;dj flfrys úYajdih ;nhs' wmrdO ia:dkhl§ j.lsj yels fmd,sia
ks,Odßhl= úiska .kakd PdhdrEm i;Hh idlaIshla hhs ms<s.efka' mqoa., ye÷kqïm;l we;s
PdhdrEmh Tyqf.au nj th mÍlaId lrkakl= ms<s.kS'

jd¾;d PdhdrEmhl mrud¾:h" ksjerÈ jd¾;djla kï" krUkakd bka wfmalaId lrkafka;a
ksjerÈ jd¾;djla kï PdhdrEm i;H fjkia lsÍu" kS;s úfrdaë fõ' iudc úfrdaë fõ' iodpdr
úfrdaë fõ'

m<uq mekh
fuys§ mek kefÕk m%:u mekh jkafka .;a PdhdrEmfha flfrk ixialrKh' mrud¾:hg
ndOd fkdjkafka kï th kS;s úfrdaë fyda iodpdr úfrdaë fkdjkafkao fkdfõo@ hkakhs'

flfia fj;;a fuys§ ixialrkfha mrud¾:h hkak" iïu;hlg" ;¾lhlg" fmdÿ

tlÕ;djlg yiqlr .; fkdyels fõ' th PdhdrEmfhka PdhdrEmhg ixialrKfhka
ixialrKhg idfmalaI fohla jkafkah'

Rcq WodyrK lsysmhla

² mqj;a m;aj, ks;r m<jk l%slÜ l%Svdfõ PdhdrEm ÿr rEm ldp Ndú; lr .;a tAjdh'
tAjdfha we;s rEm úYd,kh zPdhdrEm i;Hh fõZ' wvq kdNsh ÿrla iys; ldphlska
tu PdhdrEmh .;a úg" tys wjYH úYd,kh fkdue;slñka kSri fõ' tneúka mdGl
wjOdkh fhduqlr .ekSug;a" rij;a lr .ekSug;a" PdhdrEmfha jgdmsgdj Crop lr
Ndú;hg .kS' fuys ljr jrolao@

² foaYmd,k /iaùul msßila fõÈldfõ jdä ù isá;s' fï PdhdrEmfha wdl¾IKh wruqKq

fldg th Crop lrkafka kï" thska foaYmd,k jYfhka jeo.;a mqoa.,hl= bj;a jkafka
kï th jrolao@ .;a PdhdrEmfha Crop lr bj;a l< fldgi PdhdrEmfha i;H iÕjd
kï" th jd¾;d fõ mrud¾:h ì£hdula fkdjkafkao@

² mdf¾ tl me;a;l iduldó Woaf>daIKhl fh§ isák msßils' wks;a me;af;a negka
fmd¨ /f.k isák fmd,sia ks,OdÍkah' wjia:dfõ i;Hh fuhhs' fï isÿùï fofla
PdhdrEm f.k" negka fmd¨ .;a fmd,sia ks,OdÍka" Woaf>daIlhka bÈßfha isák fia
ixialrKh lf<d;a we;s jk ;;ajh fln÷o@ th fl;rï ÿrg i;Hhlao@

fujka lreKq ksid jd¾;dj ñi jd¾;dfõ mrud¾:h hkak ixlS¾K ;;ajhla Woa.; lrhs'
tneúka ms<s.;a f,dal u;h jkafka" jd¾;d PdhdrEm lsisfia;a PdhdrEm .ekSug fmr fyda miq
ixialrKh fkdl< hq;= njhs' mqj;am;a PdhdrEm muKla fkdj" jd¾;d mrud¾:h uq,afldg
.kakd ^Wod - jk i;aj& PdhdrEm ixialrKh lsÍu jrols'

Page 5 of 9
ks¾udKd;aul yd l,d;aul PdhdrEm
f,dj mej;s iajNdúl;ajh Ndú;d lrñka .kakd kuq;a" mshú ñksia weiska w;a±lSug
fkdyels" PdhdrEmfhka muKla ±lsh yels rEmuh w;a±lSu ks¾udKd;aul PdhdrEm fõ'

PdhdrEmfha ks¾udKd;aul nj PdhdrEm .kakd wjia:dfõ§ PdhdrEm Ys,amshdg jqjo w;a±lSug

fkdyelaflah" ñka woyia flfrkafka ks¾udKh isÿ jkafka o¾Ykh PdhdrEmhla njg
mßj¾:kh jk wjia:dfõ§ njh' id¾:l ks¾udKd;aul PdhdrEmhla ùug jd¾;d ,laIK
wNsnjd wmQ¾j;ajhla we;s lr f.k ;sìh hq;=h' ks¾udKd;aul PdhdrEmh tys wmQ¾j;ajh
iuÕ wm yeÕSï yd nef|a kï" wm wdOHd;auh wu;d kï" th l,d;aul PdhdrEmhla fõ'

fujka PdhdrEmhl§ tys i;H;dj fyda iajNdúl;ajh mj;ajdf.k hdug PdhdrEm Ys,amshd
W;aidy .;af;a ke;' Tyqf.a wruqK jkafka oDYHuh wmQ¾j;ajhla we;s lsÍu fyda yeÕSula
±kùuhs' PdhdrEmh krUkakd wfmalaId lrkafka o thhs' fufia PdhdrEmhlska th mej;s
iajNdjhu wfmalaId fkdlrk wjia:djl iajNdúl;ajh ixialrKh lr PdhdrEmhla
ks¾udKh lsÍug Ys,amshdg wjia:dj ,efí' by; i|yka l< f,i meje;s iajNdjh fjkia
lsÍu" wjia:d foll§ isÿ fõ'

PdhdrEmh .ekSug fmr iajNdúlj mj;sk oE bj;a lsÍu" fjkia lsÍu yd msg;ska rduqj
;=<g /f.k tAu tlls' th ^PdhdrEm .ekSug& fmr ixialrKhhs'

ixialrKh hkakg ;j;a wre;ls' tfia iajNdúl o¾Ykh fjkia lr fyda fkdlr .kakd
PdhdrEmh" PdhdrEmh .;a miq fjkilg Ndckh lsÍu fojekakhs" th ^PdhdrEm .ekSug&
miq ixialrKhhs'

fuu fjkia lsÍï foj¾.hu wE; b;sydifha isgu PdhdrEm Ys,amSka w;ska isÿ úh' tod w÷re
l=áfha § l< ÿIalr miq ixialrKh fjkqjg äðg,a PdhdrEmlrKfha§ miq ixialrKh
b;d myiq ld¾hhla njg m;aúh'

iajNdúl;ajh ksrEmKh jk
f,dalfha b;d m%isoaêhg m;ajQ PdhdrEm lsysmhla
f,dalfha m%isoaO PdhdrEm w;r" iajNdúl hhs yeÕSu ,nd fok" kuq;a iajNdúl;ajh
ixialrKhg Ndckh lr ,nd .;a PdhdrEm we;' iajNdúl hhs" h:drEmS hhs" ks¾udKd;aul
hhs" yeÕSïokjkafka hhs fuu PdhdrEm krUkakkaf.a fkduo m%idohg m;ajQ tAjdh'

fykaß mSÉ frdìkaikaf.a ^Fading Away&

frdìkaikau miqj fy<s l< mßÈ Fading Away i;H isÿùula fkdfõ' fhdod.;a pß;hkaf.a
rÕ±laùuls' krUkafkda fuu PdhdrEmh ú|.;af;dah' tfia ú|.ekSug PdhdrEmfha m%Odk
N+ñldj ksrEmKh lrk ;reKsh ñh hñka isákakS hhs" yeÕS hd hq;=h' PdhdrEmh krUk
úg tfia yeÕShhs'

Page 6 of 9
fvdr;shd ,Eka.af.a ^Migrant Mother&
1936 le,sf*dakshdfõ ixl%uKslhkaf.a l|jqrl§ fvdr;shd ,Eka.ag uqK.eiqKq Flowrenee
owene kï wkd: ujf.a iy orejka ;sfokdf.a PdhdrEmh wehg uy;a m%isoaêhla ,ndfoñka
1941 § Guggenhein ;Hd.h Èkd .;af;ah' th f,dj jvd m%isoaêhg m;a jQ PdhdrEm w;rg
tl;= úh'

fvdr;shd fuu PdhdrEmh .ek mejiQ foa fufiah'

“I saw and approached the hungry

and desperate mother, as if drawn
by a magnet. I do not remember how I
explained my presence or my camera
to her, but I do remember she asked me
no questions. I made five exposures,
working closer and closer from the
same direction. I did not ask her name
or her history. She told me her age, that
she was thirty-two. She said that they
had been living on frozen vegetables
from the surrounding fields, and birds
that the children killed. She had just
sold the tires from her car to buy food.
There she sat in that lean-to tent with
her children huddled around her, and
seemed to know that my pictures might
help her, and so she helped me. There
was a sort of equality about it. [10]
© Dorothea Lange - Migrant Mother

1960 § fuu PdhdrEmh .ek fvdr;sf.a meyeÈ,s lsÍuls'

In 1960, Lange spoke about her experience taking the photograph:The original photo
featured Florence’s thumb and index finger on the tent pole, but the image was later
retouched to hide Florence’s thumb. Her index finger was left untouched (lower right in
photo).

bkamiqj m%isoaêhg m;ajk fvdr;shdf.a PdhdrEm tl;=fõ Migrant Mother PdhdrEmhg fmr
t;ek§u .;a t ujf.a iy orejkaf.a PdhdrEm fõ'

Page 7 of 9
fvdr;shd PdhdrEm .ek lrk meyeÈ,s lsÍfrï§ i|yka fkdl<o" m%isoaêhg m;a PdhdrEmh
yd miqj yuqjQ PdhdrEm iei£fï§ PdhdrEm .ekSug fmr wE l< ieleiau jgyd .ekSug
wmyiq fkdfõ' leurdjg uqyqK fokakg wdYdlrk orejka fjkqjg weh ilialr .;af;a
leurdjg uqyqK iÕjd .;a orejkah' uq,a PdhdrEmj,§ uqyqKg w; ;nd fkd.;" wïudf.a
iajNdúl bßhõj fjkqjg" fvdr;shd wjidk PdhdrEmh i|yd wef.a uqyqKg w; ;nd
.ekSug i,iajhs' uq,a PdhdrEmj, fkdisá ;j orefjl= wjidk PdhdrEmh i|yd fhdod .ks'

© Dorothea Lange - Migrant Mother Series © Dorothea Lange - Migrant Mother Series

fvdr;shd fmr ixialrKh fukau miq ixialrKho Ndú; lr ;sfí' PdhdrEmh

iajNdúl hhs yefÕk yeÕSu fkdìf|a'

iaàõ uelalßf.a ^Afgan Girl&

fuu PdhdrEmfha ienEj

kï fuu ;reKsh ish
uqyqK jid isáh nj
fkdfõo@

uelalßf.a ´kElug
m¾odj bj;a lr úúO
ú,dihkaf.ka PdhdrEm
f.k we;'

l=uk h:d¾:hlao@
t;ek§u .;a ;j
PdhdrEmhla fuys
±lafõ'
© Steve Mccurry - Afghan Girl © Steve Mccurry - Afghan Girl Series

Page 8 of 9
ñksia mjq, PdhdrEm m%o¾Ykfha m%:u PdhdrEmh

tâjâ iaghslka ixúOdkh

l< Family of Man
PdhdrEm m%o¾Ykfha m<uq
PdhdrEmh .kq ,nkafka
weußldkq PdhdrEm Ys,amS
Wynn Bullock úisks' tA
iaghslkaf.a wdrdOkhlg
wkqjh'

ud;D;ajh yd f,dj
úiu;djh ishqïj m%ldY
jk fuu PdhdrEmh
zñksia mjq,Z m%o¾Ykhg
© Wynn Bullock - Child in Forest (Family of Man Exhibition)
kj udkhla ,ndÿka nj
lshefõ'

fuu PdhdrEmfha ±lafjkafka uyd le,hla ueo ;ksj ksrej;ska ìu È.dù isák ±ßhls'
fuh ksrEmKhla úkd i;H isÿùula fkdfõ' PdhdrEm Ys,amshdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ fhdod.;a"
ilid.;a PdhdrEmhls' PdhdrEmh w.h lsÍug Ndckh jQfha thska we;s l< yeÕSu fya;=fjks'

by; i|yka WodyrK lsysmh bÈßm;a lf<a f,dj b;d m%isoaêhg m;a iuyr PdhdrEmj,
we;af;a meje;s iajNdj fjkia lr" PdhdrEm Ys,amshdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ fmr yd miq ixialrKh
lr .;a ks¾udK hkak hehs meyeÈ,s lsÍugh'

ks¾udKd;aul PdhdrEmhla ±l thska úYauhg m;aj th ‘edit’ lr we;a±hs úuiSu’ ndf.g

PdhdrEm Ys,amSkaf.a zfglaksl,aZ ±kqfï w,a,la ú;r iSudfõ isÿjk fohls' rislfhda uyd
PdhdrEm f,dalfha" wmßñ; yeÕ=ï ú|.ks;s'

Page 9 of 9