Summary of Findings,

Conclusions and
Recommendations
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the topic the students should be able to:
• Discuss the general guidelines in writing the summary
of findings;
• Discuss the general guidelines in writing the
conclusions; and
• Discuss the general guidelines in writing the
recommendations.
 Summary of Findings
General Guidelines in Writing the Summary of Findings
• The section is introduced first.
• Subtitles of the summary of findings should follow the statement of the
problem. Only averages or means and final values should be mentioned.
• There should be e brief statement about the main purpose of the study,
the population or respondents, the period of the study, method of research
used, the research instrument, and the sampling design
• The findings may be lumped up all together but clarity demands that
each specific question under the statement of the problem must be written
first to followed by the findings that would answer it. The specific questions
should follow the order they are given under the statement of the problem.
• The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, a summary of
the important data consisting of text and numbers. Every statement of
fact should consist of words, numbers, or statistical measures woven into
a meaningful statement. No deductions, nor inference, nor interpretation
should be made otherwise it will only be duplicated in the conclusion.
 Conclusions
General Guidelines in Writing the Conclusions
• The section is introduced first.
• Conclusions must be one is to one correspondence, that is, if there are five specific
problems, there will be five summary of findings and five conclusions.
• Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions, implications, interpretations,
general statements, and/or generalizations based upon the findings. Conclusions are the
logical and valid outgrowths upon the findings. They should not contain any numeral
because numerals generally limit the forceful effect or impact and scope of a
generalization. No conclusions should be made that are not based upon the findings.
• Conclusions should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the beginning of
the investigation in the order they are given under the statement of the problem. The
study becomes almost meaningless if the questions raised are not properly answered by
the conclusions.
• Conclusions should point out what were factually learned from the inquiry. However, no
conclusions should be drawn from the implied or indirect effects of the findings.
• Conclusions should be formulated concisely, that is, brief and short, ye they convey all the
necessary information resulting from the study as required by the specific questions.
 Recommendations
General Guidelines in Reporting and Writing Recommendations
• This section is introduced first
• Recommendations are based on important results and conclusions
• The output may also be recommended for use of the concerned
agency/school.
• A future may be recommended as the last item.