Extended Abstract

SMARTROVE: CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A SOLAR CELL-BASED

SMART CHARGING SYSTEM TO REALIZE SELF-SUFFICIENT
MANGROVE TOURISM AREA ENERGY IN INDONESIA

Nabila Alvin Nadhiro, Gina Yunita Panosa, Firman Hidayat,

Muhammad Nauris Firdaus Rofaudin, Bakdiyatul Mukarromah

Advisor: Dr. Soegianto Soelistiono Ir., M.Si.

Universitas Airlangga
nabila.alvin.nadhiro-2019@fst.unair.ac.id

Abstract

After oil and gas, tourism has become Indonesia's second-largest

foreign exchange earner. Ecotourism is a potential source of income for
coastal communities. Tourists are drawn to the mangrove forest because it
is a beautiful place to visit and capture. In this circumstance, technology
plays an essential role because it has already in the grip of our hands
(mobile phone). Obviously, technology requires the usage of electricity as
an energy provider for both lighting and cellphones consumption.
However, natural tourism in the mangrove forest is known to have limited
electricity resources. Natural resources and regional conditions in
mangrove forest nature tourism have the potential to be strategically
developed into energy-independent mangrove tourism. Therefore, the
author takes the initiative to provide an innovation which takes advantage
of the country's potential from its natural resources in the form of
Smartrove: Solar Cells-Based Smart Charging System. The goal of this
research is to find out the principle and working mechanism of the
Smartrove: Solar Cells-Based Smart Charging System, to explain how to
design Solar Cells-Based Smart Charging System to realize energy-
independent mangrove tourism, and to explain the efficiency of the A Solar
Cells-Based Smart Charging System when it is used on a regular basis.
This study employs the method of a literature review. According to the
findings of this study, Solar Cell-Based Smart Charging System can be
used to achieve energy-independence in Indonesian mangrove tourism
zones. This method is supposed to help with the problem of electricity
shortages in tourist destinations in Indonesia with the lack of electrical
supply needed for tourists.
Key word: Mangrove, Smart Charging, Solar Cell
Introduction
After oil and gas, tourism
has become Indonesia's second-
largest foreign exchange earner.
The growth of the tourism
industry is also one of the
government's and private sector's
initiatives for promoting certain
locations as tourist destinations in
order to boost the economy and
provide job opportunities.
Tourism development initiatives
are also associated to future
market potential, in which the
World Tourism Organization
(WTO) projecting a global rise of
1,561.1 million people by 2020
with Asia-Pacific experiencing the
fastest growth at 6.5 percent
(Budhyana, 2008).
Ecotourism is a potential
source of income for coastal
communities. In addition,
stakeholder participation is critical
in ecotourism management and
mangrove forest conservation
methods. If stakeholders execute
their responsibilities in ecotourism
management and mangrove
forest protection, ecotourism
initiatives can be effectively
presented (Satyanarayana et al.,
2012).
Mangrove ecotourism is a
type of eco-friendly tourism that
emphasizes aspects of the
natural beauty of the mangrove
forest and the fauna that live
nearby without destroying the
ecosystem to make it more
appealing to tourists. It is
because mangrove forests have
unique characteristics and a
diverse range of flora and fauna.
Mangrove forest is a kind of
tropical and sub-tropical
vegetation that grows along river
banks, river estuaries, and tide-
affected coastlines. Mangroves
are classified as halophytic
vegetation, which can only be
found in areas with significant salt
concentration in the soil (Arief,
2003).
Tourists are drawn to the
mangrove forest because it is a
beautiful place to visit and
capture. In this circumstance,
technology plays an essential role
because it has already in the grip
of our hands (mobile phone).
Obviously, technology requires
the usage of electricity as an
energy provider for both lighting
and cellphones consumption.
However, natural tourism in the
mangrove forest is known to have
limited electricity resources. The
authors are able to provide
conveniences to their mobile
phone users as a result of
excessive use of mobile phones,
allowing them to be more relaxed
while visiting the mangrove
forest's natural tourism
attractions. Mangrove forest
nature tourism has the potential
to evolve into energy-
independent mangrove tourism
due to its natural resources and
strategic location. As a result, the
author takes the initiative to
develop innovation that takes
advantages from the country's
natural resources potential in the
form of Smartrove: Solar Cells-
Based Smart Charging System to
achieve self-sufficient mangrove
tourism area energy in Indonesia.
Objective
The primary objective of
this study are to determine the
principle and working mechanism
of the Smartrove: Solar Cells-
Based Smart Charging System
as well as to explain how to
design Solar Cells-Based Smart
Charging System, also to achieve
self-sufficient mangrove tourism
area energy and to determine the
Smartrove: Solar Cells-Based
Smart Charging System's
efficiency when it is used on a
regular basis.
Materials and Method
This research will be
conducted at the Optical Physics
Laboratory (photonics), Faculty of
Science and Technology,
Universitas Airlangga. The tools
and materials that will be used in
this research are 3 Solana 250
WP Solar Panels, an iron panel
holder, a Scneider inverter, 2
Solana 100 Ah batteries, cables,
sockets, jumper cables, and other
work aids needed in the
assembly design.
The study’s variables
include independent variables
such as battery voltage and
current, a dependent variable in
the form of smart charging
design, and solar panels as the
control variable. The procedure in
this study starts with the
installation of solar panels on the
gazebo's roof. The inverter and
battery should then be placed at
the bottom of the gazebo’s roof,
which must be fastened to the
gazebo's base. The battery and
inverter had earlier been placed
in a box container, which was
then affixed to the gazebo's roof
bottom. An outlet will be
connected into the inverter to
allow electricity to flow. The
inverter is connected via wires
from the panel. The inverter will
supply current to the battery,
which will then be stored. The
green light will show up when the
power is being filled, and the red
light will shine when the power is
fully charged.
Picture 1. The Experiment Setup
Results and Findings
Calculations to be
conducted are load calculations,
battery power calculations, and
solar cell module calculations
(Haryadi, S & Syahrillah, F.R.G,
2017). First, we do the load
calculation. The load is limited to
a maximum of 10 portable
electronic devices with a charging
specification of 5V – 1A. Hence, it
can be calculated as follows:
V = 5V
I = 1A
P = 5 x 1 watt
P = 5w x 10 = 50 watt per hour
Therefore, 50 watts per
hour is required to charge 10
units of portable electronic
devices with 5V-1A charging
specifications.
In general, portable
electronic devices such as mobile
phones have various battery
sizes, from 1000 mAh to 3500
mAh. To simplify the process,
we'll suppose that all 10 units
have the same capacity battery,
which is 2000 mAh or 2 A.
It is known:
I = 2 x 10 = 20A
V = 5V
P = 5 x 20 watt
P = 100 watt per hour
Afterwards, we calculate
the battery power. The power
required to charge 10 units of
electronic equipment with a
battery capacity of 2000 mAh
each is 100 watts per hour, so the
battery power for the planned
system can be calculated as
follows:
2 batteries with a capacity
of 100 Ah are arranged in parallel
to produce a battery with a
capacity of 200 Ah with;
V = 4,2 V
I = 200A
V = 4.2V
P = 200 x 4.2
P = 840 watt per hour
Batteries in portable
electronic devices, particularly
cellphones, typically have a
warning mechanism for remaining
battery power. As a result, if a
cellphone's warning system is set
at 20% remaining battery power,
and it reaches 20% capacity, the
phone will display a warning and
we must charge it. If the battery is
charged promptly at that point, it
can be assumed that the battery
is not empty; for example, we can
assume if the battery has a
capacity of 20%, there is still 400
mAh left in the battery.
At the same time, the
power required to charge 10 units
of portable electronic devices with
a battery capacity of 2000 mAh
per unit is 100 watt per hour
under one condition; i.e. all units
are empty and the design
system's battery has a charging
capability of 840 watt per hour. A
step up dc voltage module is
used to increase the voltage to 5
V due to the difference in battery
and system voltages. Because
this module is 95 percent
efficient, the system battery
power is 124.45 watt per hour.
The next step is to
calculate the solar cell module.
Considering that the battery
capacity is 840 watts per hour
and that the maximum effective
sun exposure is 5 hours, a 230
watt solar cell module or a 5V - 6
A power supply is assumed.
E = 30 watt
T = 5 hour
P = 5 x 30 = 150 Watt
So, for charging the
system battery which is 840 watts
per hour with 230 watts per hour,
you get 840 / 230 = 28 which is
about 3 hours 13 minutes.
Because the voltage from the
solar panels fluctuates, a voltage
regulator is required to charge
batteries that have been
connected in parallel. The Auto
Buck Boost DC Converter is
applied instead of a solar panel
controller, which typically
functions at 12v. Because solar
panels contain voltages ranging
from 5 to 19 volts, an Auto Buck
Boost DC Converter is a voltage
regulator that is suited for
application. The Auto Buck Boost
DC Converter would then be
adjusted to provide an output
voltage of 4.2 volts. Regardless
of the quantity of input voltage, it
will continue to modify the output
voltage. If the incoming voltage is
less than 4.2 volts, the voltage
will be automatically increased; if
the voltage is greater than 4.2
volts, the voltage will be dropped
to the required level. 840 watt of
charging power are required to
charge from empty to full capacity
in one hour for effective charging
of 840 watt per hour.
Conclusion and Dissusion
Because solar cell
modules are extremely fragile
and break easily, assembling
solar cells using modules is a
challenging task. Unlike solar
cells sold as panels, solar cells
sold as modules must be built by
hand to achieve parameters that
are consistent with design
calculations.
Sunlight is an important
consideration in the tool's
placement. If the device is placed
in an area where sunlight is
blocked, the solar cell will not
receive adequate light and will
not produce maximum power.
The solar cell will produce power
more efficiently if the equipment
is placed in an area with high
sunlight intensity.
With an average yield of
around 21.41 watt per hour, the
system will generate
approximately 214 watt of power
per day, which is equivalent to 10
hours of exposure to sunlight on
a solar cell, and can charge the
system's battery in approximately
6 hours 12 minutes.
Recommendations
Recommendations for
future research, specifically for
the community, is to attempt to
create Smartrove: Solar Cells-
Based Smart Charging System to
achieve daily electrical energy
needs in mangrove forest natural
tourism areas. For the
government, on the other hand,
should collaborate and support
one another in order to realize the
use of solar cells-based smart
charging system.

References
[1] Arief, A. 2003. Hutan
mangrove fungsi dan
manfaatnya. Penerbit Kanisius.
[2] Budhyana, I. (2008).
Kebijakan Disbudpar dalam
Mengembangkan Kawasan
Wisata di Jawa Barat. Makalah
pada Seminar Pembangunan
Kepariwisataan di Jawa Barat.,
Bandung: UPI.
[3] Haryadi, S & Syahrillah,
F.R.G. 2017. Rancang Bangun
Pemanfaatan Panel Surya
Sebagai Charger Handphone di
Tempat Umum. Jurnal Teknik
Mesin UNISKA, Vol.02, No.02
[4] Satyanarayana. B and
Friends. (2012). A Socio-
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Management and Sustainable
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