VIT

UNIVERSITY
(Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EEE2003 – Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab

Experiment No. :2

Title : Open Circuit & Load Characteristics

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of Separately Excited DC Generator

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: 30/07/2020
Date of Experiment
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: L51+52
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Name of Student : Nathan Shankar

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Register Number : 19BEE0381

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 Circuit Diagram – Open Circuit Characteristics & Load Test

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 Exp. No. 2 Date: 30/07/2020

O.C.C. & LOAD TEST ON SEPARATELY EXCITED D.C. GENERATOR

OBJECTIVE
To perform the open circuit & load test on separately excited D.C Generator and draw the open
circuit, internal and external characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

S.NO. NAME TYPE RANGE QTY.

1 Ammeter MC 0-5A, 0-10A 1 each

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MC 0-220V, 0-440V 1 each

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2
Voltmeter

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1000ohm, 2A

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Variable 1 each
3 Rheostat 100ohm, 10A

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4 Loading rheostat
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5 Tachometer Digital 0-3000rpm 1 No.
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THEORY
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A d.c. generator whose field winding is supplied current from an external d.c sources are called
separately excited d.c generator. The flux produced by the poles depends upon the field current
poles (i.e.,  If). But in the
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within the unsaturated region of magnetic material of the

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saturated region the flux becomes nonlinear. Its conventional diagram is shown in Fig - 1
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If Ia
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F1
A2
Voltage
DC G
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SUPPLY A1
F2

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 TABULAR COLUMN:

If
S.NO E0 volts (increase)
Amperes

1. 0 9
2. 0.21 81
3. 0.42 149
4. 0.63 211
5. 0.82 265
6. 1.04 310
7. 1.25 346
8. 1.46 373
9. 1.67 394

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10. 1.88 409

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11. 2.08 423

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12. 2.29 439

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13 2.5 462

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2.71 498
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Name: Nathan Shankar
Regno: 19BEE0381
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Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC generator

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500
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400
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Eo Volts

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200
Th

100
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0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
If Amperes

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 MODEL GRAPH

E0 INCREASING

Residual
Magnetism

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o If

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Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC generator

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It shows the relation between the no load generator emf in the armature (Eo) and the
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field current If at a specified speed. Open the field winding of the generator and connect it to a
separate D.C. source through a rheostat shown in Fig - 4
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Open circuit or magnetization characteristics of a dc machine is tested by driving the

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machine at its normal speed and varying the excitation current in steps from zero to maximum
by adjusting field regulating resistance or potentiometer type regulator. The field is supplied
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through a separate source supply. The connection diagram for test is show in Fig - 2
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A
E0
F1
A1
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Voltage
DC G V
SUPPLY
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A
F Residual
Magnetism
o If
Fig -3 Fig -4
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Since the machine is not carrying any armature current, the terminal voltage is the
induced emf in the armature of the machine. The curve of the induced emf against the
excitation current is the magnetization characteristics or open-circuit characteristics of the
machine. After taking the reading of the voltage induced Vs the excitation current by
increasing the current from zero to maximum, readings are taken by reducing the excitation

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 from maximum to zero. The curve plotted in Fig -4 shows that while reducing the excitation,
the emf does not follow the same curve and at zero value of excitation, does not return to zero
value but ratains some values of the emf. This emf is due to residual magnetism. This due to
magnetic hysteresis effect. Modern dc machines using steel frames and laminated pole
structure normally have residual magnetism of two to three percent.

Load test
The load test is performed on a d.c. generator to know how it’s terminal voltage changes
with the load (electrical). It is generally assumed that the speed of the generator is maintained
constant by prime mover, during this test. The other purpose of the test also could be to find its
regulation, efficiency and to measure its temperature rise at different loads.

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TABULAR COLUMN - LOAD TEST

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S.NO If ( Amps )
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1. 0 439 2.29 439
2. 1.26 436 2.29 438.52
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3. 2.51 432 2.29 437.02

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4. 3.77 428 2.29 435.54

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5. 5.02 424 2.29 434.04

6. 6.27 420 2.29 432.54
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Name: Nathan Shankar LOAD TEST

Regno: 19BEE0381
440
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435
Armature Current

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425

420

415
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Voltage(V)

V Eg

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 MODEL GRAPH

E0 V I
Generated voltage,

II. Internal characteristic

Termianl voltage, Eg vs Ia
III. External characteristic
V vs IL
Eg

Ohmic drop in armature

IL, Ia

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Applications of separately excited generators

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1. Separately excited generators are preferred where the characteristics of dc shunt

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generator are not up to the expected level.

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2. They can be used to excite the field magnets of ac generators.
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3. As the drop in voltage is very small, these generators can be used for supplying loads
needing constant voltage.
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4. They are used as source for battery charging purpose.

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5. These generators are used for electroplating and electrolysis purpose.

PRECAUTIONS
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Before starting and after completion of the experiment

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1 . The DC power supply, DC breaker and DC isolator should be in off position.

2 The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position & motor
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armature rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.

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3 The generator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position

4 There should not be any load on the machines. (In motor OR in generator)
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PROCEDURE
Open Circuit Characteristics
1. Close the DPST (Double Pole Single Throw) switch connecting supply to field
winding of the Separately Excited DC motor.
2. Increase the Separately Excited DC motor field voltage to rated value (220V).
3. Use variable voltage device to increase or decrease the supply

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 4. Close the DPST switch connecting supply to armature winding of the Separately
Excited DC motor.
5. Increase the motor armature voltage to rated value (440V).
6. As Separately Excited DC motor is connected mechanically to Separately Excited DC
generator, so both machines rotate with same speed. Therefore, we can observe speed
of generator in digital tachometer.
7. Now increase the excitation of separately excited generator (VFG).
8. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”.
9. Now again increase the excitation of separately excited generator (VFG).
10. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”
11. Go on repeating this procedure till the rated value of excitation voltage and data is
stored.
12. Now display the data by clicking “Show data”.

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Load Test On Separately Excited DC Motor

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1. Close the DPST (Double Pole Single Throw) switch connecting supply to field
winding of the Separately Excited DC motor.

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2. Increase the Separately Excited DC motor field voltage to rated value (220V).
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3. Use variable voltage device to increase or decrease the supply
4. Close the DPST switch connecting supply to armature winding of the Separately
Excited DC motor.
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5. Increase the motor armature voltage to rated value (440V).

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6. As Separately Excited DC motor is connected mechanically to Separately Excited DC

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generator, So both machines rotate with same speed. Therefore, we can observe speed
of generator in digital tachometer.
7. Now increase the excitation of separately excited generator such that o/p of generator
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will be equal to rated value (220V).

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8. Now connect the load by closing the switch as shown in the figure
9. Note the decrease in voltage of generator and increase in current of generator. As the
load goes on increasing speed and armature voltage of the generator decreases.
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10. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”

11. To keep the speed constant at load condition, adjust the field excitation of motor.
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12. Now again increase the load by closing another load switch.
13. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”
14. Go on repeating this procedure till all loads are connected and data is stored.
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15. Now display the data by clicking “Show data”.

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 INFERENCE :
• From the experiment we are able to infer in the case of open circuit dc generator there
exists a magnetic field even when the given voltage is 0V, however we observe that
when the graph is plotted for the decreasing voltage there lies a residual magnetism
with a difference of 9V when the voltage is brought down to 0V.
• The load test is performed on a d.c. generator to know how it’s terminal voltage changes
with the load (electrical).
RESULT :
The graphs and observations are noted down for the load test and open circuit characteristic of
a dc generator and then analyzed.

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Weblinks:

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http://em-coep.vlabs.ac.in/Exp1/Experiment1.html

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https://www.onlinecharttool.com/

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