THE NEED FOR

ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PHY1901- INTRODUCTION TO INNOVATIVE PROJECTS

Team INFINITY+
Prof SATHYA SWAROOP N.R
CONTENTS
Here’s what you’ll find in this Project:
1. DIVISION OF WORK
2. INTRODUCTION
3. MOTIVATION
4. METHODOLOGY
5. ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA
6. CHALLENGES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA
7. INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
8. FUTURE PROSPECTS
9. BATTERY AND STORAGE
10.REFERENCES
11.THANK YOU
DIVISION OF 01
WORK
 DIVISION OF WORK
NameT Registration Number Division of work

Divij Bahl 19BCE0789 Editing, formatting, questions and referred research

material
Roshan Akthar 19BCE2110 Project approach

Himnish Ishaan 19BCT0243 Organized and conducted interviews

Gautham Sreekumar 19BCE0818 Collected website links and Research papers

Mahankali Sai Sharath 19BCE0316 Referred the research material and found the content
Chandra for project
Niranjan Venkatesan 19BCE0569 Project motivation and interview report

Takkala Harshith Redddy 19BCI0043 Interpreted interview and motivation for the project

Alen M Johnson 19BEC0665 Project approach and need

M Narayana Royal 19BCE0377 Collected website links and Research papers

Tanishq Baweja 19BCE0803 Worked on Transcripts for the interview

INTRODUCTION 02
 INTRODUCTION
An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors
for propulsion instead of the traditional fossil fuel.

First electric carriage was built in 1830s and the first electric automobile was built in 1891
in the United States.

Types : Battery electric Vehicle

✓ Hybrid Electric Vehicle
✓ Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
✓ Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Electric vehicles will play a pivot role in changing the environment and economy around
the globe in the next two decades.
 WHY ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE NEEDED
✓ Prevent fast depletion of fossil fuel.

✓ Usage of EV will result in significant reduction in air pollution (CO2 emission) as

transportation accounts for one third of all energy usage.

✓ With rapid urbanization around the globe electric vehicle is the need of the hour to serve
everyone.

✓ Energy is not consumed while the electric vehicle is stationary, unlike internal
combustion engines which consume fuel while idling thereby making it energy efficient.

✓ Facilitate employment growth in a sun-rise sector.

✓ In December 2019, in the Climate Risk Index 2020 released by the environment think
tank, German watch, India’s rank has worsened from the 14th spot in 2017 to 5th in 2018
in the global vulnerability ladder and did not improve further. This makes it all the more
reason for India to make electric vehicles a priority in the fight against the reliance on
fossil fuels.
MOTIVATION 03
 MOTIVATION
✓ Increasing transportation efficiency is the best place to start efforts to reduce emissions
of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a primary culprit in global warming and Of all CO2
emissions in the United States, about 33 percent comes from transportation and this
efficiency in transportation in order to reduce CO2 emissions can be achieved if we
completely switch to electric vehicles.
✓ We were attracted by its promising features and its own standalone benefits like its
ability to help in the betterment of the environment by reducing pollution and utilizing
renewable resource and there by improving the quality of air we breathe and providing
hope for securing the energy security and the possibility of creating flatter electricity
network.
✓ The fact that we all are aware of the consequences of CO2 emission and the possibility
of electric vehicles serving as an better alternative with so many of its own beneficial
features along with its potential to reduce the emission of CO2 urged us to look into this
stream.
✓ And the difficult to find the cons of using electric vehicles other than the lack of
infrastructure for the development of electric vehicles served as our motivation.
METHODOLOGY 04
METHODOLOGY
We have used the Incremental model to work on this project. Here in this project we have
approached by referring to various research papers, taking interviews of people related to
the industry and understanding the present scope for electric vehicles in our country.

Here is our approach:

1) Need for electric vehicles (Problem Statement)
2) Interviewing the persons present in the sector
✓ Regarding problems that electric vehicles face in our country
✓ Their views on whether electric vehicles will be the new future
3) Researching on the topic
✓ Reviewing and Analysing research papers based on electric vehicles
4) Analysing the topic
✓ Analysing all the website pages on ev related topics
✓ Listening to video lectures of others on their views on this topic
5) Advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles
METHODOLOGY
The team has proposed an effective way to actively interact with each other to attain and
combine parts of the project which was put together for a complete presenting. The project
has several different components each needing the coordination of team members.
Gathering required information to organize the very base of the project was the first step.
Each team member analyzed throughout the various topics on which we could present a
project. On concluding the topic of the project, we proceeded to analyse to pros and cons of
the project so as to asses the very need of the project. The need of project was weighed in
by the help of internet resources and the various other resourceful people which ultimately
made us take our need to do the project. The topic of Electric cars introduced us to various
other challenging questions regarding the topic . Brief analysis of the topic from our
perspective was made by the combined effort of the group by gathering our own intel on
tackling the problems of topics. We faced the challenge of lack of enough information from
the industry and another major component being the lack of experience of people from the
very sector of Electric Cars.
METHODOLOGY
The team put together all our resources on finding possible candidates to interview to get a
new perspective on the sector of Electric car. We allocated a schedule on when to conduct
the interviews. For the interviews, the team conducted a meet amongst the members to
come up with a set of questions to be asked on interviews. After elimination process, we
concluded on the set of questions to be asked . The interview was recorded and analyzed by
the team.

The input put together from the team at the start of the project along with the input from
the interview made us come to various conclusions which we lacked at the start of the
project. All the resources which were made available to us were all used to analyze the
project and deduce various conclusions about the project .
ELECTRIC VEHICLES 05
IN INDIA
 ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA
❖ Presently, EV market penetration is only 1% of total vehicle sales in India, and of
that, 95% of sales are electric two-wheelers.
❖ GOI has a set a target of 30% electric vehicles on Indian roads by 2030 to combat
pollution.
❖ Currently India has only 150 charging stations. GOI has recently sanctioned setting
up of 2636 number of charging stations across 62 cities in India which will reduce
range anxiety to a considerable extent.
❖ Phasing out of combustion engine vehicle is at the initial stage to encourage
purchase of eco-friendly electric vehicle.
❖ Many Indian startups and other manufacturers have come up with EVs for
commercial usage and they have already hit the Indian roads.
❖ Presently, India is targeting to deploy 5 to 7 million electric vehicles in the country
by end of 2020 and target of 40,00,00 passenger battery electric cars (BEVs) by
2020, thus avoiding 120 million barrels of oil and 4 million tons of CO2.
CHALLENGES 06
 CHALLENGES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
❑ The average on-road price of electric vehicles in India is not attractive enough for
consumers.

❑ Inadequate charging infrastructure.

❑ Reliance on battery imports.

❑ Range anxiety among consumers.

❑ Inadequate electricity supply in parts of India.

❑ Lack of quality maintenance and repair options.

❑ Changing the mindset of consumers, i.e adopting to a new technology.

INITIATIVES 07
 INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
➢ The Government of India started Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and
Electric vehicles (FAME) w.e.f 1st April 2015 – I & II scheme which provides financial
incentives for attractive EV production and creation of electric transportation
infrastructure.

➢ The National Mission for Electric Mobility (NCEM) has launched the National Electric
Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)- 2020 with an aim to invest INR 140 billion in the next
8 years for the development of electric infrastructure.

➢ Recently the Government released a two-pronged strategy aimed at both buyers and
manufacturers, in which it offers $1.4 billion in subsidies to buyers while imposing a
hike on import tariffs to increase manufacturing of these vehicles by domestic
companies.
 INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
➢ The Power Ministry is close to finalising a policy for electric vehicles charging
infrastructure that proposes granting subsidies to PSUs for setting up a basic charging
station network in big cities and highways for gaining momentum in electric vehicle
sales.

➢ NITI Aayog, which is coordinating with various ministries, state governments and
stakeholders for the e-mobility policy, will also be seeking inputs from the department
of heavy industries, the finance ministry, the department of science and technology,
the ministry of road transport and highways and the ministry of urban development
for encouraging EVs in India.

➢ The government announced Rs 1,50,000 income tax deduction on interest paid on

loans for purchase of electric vehicles during the Union Budget 2019-20.
FUTURE PROSPECTS 08
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
✓ The future of mobility promises to be silent, efficient, and much better for our
environment.

✓ Public procurement is expected to be an important driver of growth in the coming

years, with the purchase of four-wheeler vehicles for government offices, three-
wheeled vehicles and buses for public transport.

✓ Investments by fleet operators such as Ola and Uber, as well as some operators of
food distribution services, are also expected to boost the initial growth of two- and
four-wheeled electric vehicles.

✓ If the government's 2030 targets are met, India could save Rs. 8 lakh crore on
gasoline and diesel imports for the industry during the period considered, after
considering a certain level of batteries.
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
✓ The geography and diversity of India will present problems that need to be addressed
jointly by GOI, tech start-ups, manufacturers and investors.

✓ The timely adoption coupled with the electrification of the existing vehicles and
growth of charging infrastructure will create a shift, the impact of which will be felt in
metropolitan cities especially given that pollution has reached catastrophic levels.

✓ With the median age of Indians being 27 years, the younger generation is driven for
innovation, sustainability and environmental conservation. At the same time, by
manufacturing vehicles, components and batteries together, various established
conglomerates and startups can ensure indigenous availability of products.
Here are links for the interviews conducted
by Infinity+:
• Ananya Goswal Interview –
https://youtu.be/RjVOUiphUk4

• Charit gupta Palori Interview –

https://youtu.be/416yOI62dpI

• Srigurugan Interview –
https://youtu.be/xaxaJ4wX8pE

• Vijay Chandrawat Interview –

https://youtu.be/Vox6K-rMLRA
BATTERY AND 09
STORAGE
 BATTERY AND STORAGE
✓ Battery and storage technologies are critical for any success in a carbon-constrained
world that uses intermittent sources like solar and wind, or that worries about
resilience in the face of natural disasters and malicious attempts at sabotage.
✓ Battery technologies do keep getting better. Recently, Jack Goodenough, the inventor
of the Li-ion battery, came out with a new fast-charging battery technology that uses
a glass electrode instead of a liquid one, sodium instead of lithium, and have three
times as much energy density as lithium-ion batteries. Other technologies for storing
intermittent energy, such as Thermal energy storage, which allows cooling to be
created at night, when there is excess capacity from the utility, and stored for use the
next day during peak times. The stored ice is then used to cool the building’s
occupants the next day. This provides greater flexibility to smarter and zero energy
buildings.
✓ Pumped hydro storage is the most widely used storage method at present, which uses
surplus electricity to pump water up to a reservoir behind a dam. When demand for
energy is high, the stored water is released through turbines in the dam to generate
electricity. Pumped hydro is used in 99% of grid storage today, but there are geologic
and environmental constraints on where pumped hydro can be deployed.
 BATTERY AND STORAGE
✓ We really need utility-scale chemical battery storage to deal with rapid intermittency
in both generation (renewables) and demand (rapid changes in use throughout the
commercial day). These need to be very large but very stable and long-lasting. Li-ion
batteries have too short an operating life and have issues such as rapid heat
generation. For the near-future, they will dominate the small-volume niche such as
personal devices and electric vehicles, but for the utility-scale commercial battery
market, we need bigger systems that last longer.
BATTERY AND STORAGE
REFERENCES 10
 REFERENCES AND LINKS
1) https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/4/4/693/pdf
2) https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/energyconsortium/files/rwp18-026_lee_1.pdf
3) https://earthjustice.org/features/electric-vehicles-
explainer?gclid=CjwKCAjw9MuCBhBUEiwAbDZ-7ql8QgEcgo3eTpA_x2wvaEa7ay5gLy-
kBTWx8rcYVy9OeWggE4PbDBoCBh4QAvD_BwE
4) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0972262919875548
5) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224585929_Recent_development_on_elec
tric_vehicles
6) https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2019/08/26/energys-future-battery-and-
storage-technologies/?sh=3985735844cf
7) https://www.automotiveworld.com/articles/electric-vehicles-the-now-the-near-
future-and-the-never-again/
8) https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/electric-cars-and-environment
9) https://www.energy-storage.news/blogs/what-needs-to-be-in-the-energy-storage-
toolkit-to-enable-the-grid-of-the-fu
 REFERENCES AND LINKS
10) https://content.sierraclub.org/evguide/myths-vs-reality
11) https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/climate/gm-electric-cars-power-grid.html
12) https://www.ripublication.com/aeee/61_pp%20%20%20471-476.pdf
13) https://www.idealenergysolar.com/electric-vehicles-and-the-future-of-the-grid/
14) https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/explaining-electric-plug-hybrid-electric-vehicles
15) https://www.iip.kit.edu/downloads/No_03_062013_How_to_integrate_electric_vehicl
es_in_the_future_energy_system.pdf
16) https://new.utc.edu/engineering-and-computer-science/research-and-
labratories/cete/electric-vehicles
17) https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/advantages-of-evs/evs-
environmental-impact/
18) https://www.samsara.com/guides/how-are-electric-vehicles-better-for-the-
environment
19) https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1429811
20) https://www.idealenergysolar.com/how-battery-energy-storage-works/
 RESEARCH PAPER REFERENCES
21) Aasness, M. A., Odeck, J. (2015). The increase of electric vehicle usage in Norway—
Incentives and adverse effects. European Transport Research Review, 7(4), 34–42.
22) Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and
review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918.
23) Axsen, J., Bailey, J., Castro, M. A. (2015). Preference and lifestyle heterogeneity
among potential plug-in electric vehicle buyers. Energy Economics, 50, 190–201.
24) Adepetu, A., Keshav, S. (2015). The relative importance of price and driving range on
electric vehicle adoption: Los Angeles case study. Transportation, 44(2), 353–373.
25) Bearden, W. O., Netemeyer, R. G., Teel, J. E. (1989). Measurement of consumer
susceptibility to interpersonal influence. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(4), 473.
26) Beck, M. J., Rose, J. M., Greaves, S. P. (2016). I can’t believe your attitude: A joint
estimation of best worst attitudes and electric vehicle choice. Transportation, 44(4),
753–772.
27) Bentler, P. M., Chou, C. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological
Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117.
THANK YOU
 SUBMITTED TO:
Sathya Swaroop N.R
School of Advanced Sciences
INTERVIEW 1:
Speaker 1 (00:01):

Uh, hello? Uh, yeah. Yeah. Okay. Um, uh, okay. Uh, can you please, uh, can you please state your name and
which branch you're from?

Speaker 2 (00:19):

Alright. My name is Thirumurugan and I'm from B.Tech CSE Third year.

Speaker 1 (00:25):

Okay. Thank you. Uh, so I'm going to stop the interview. Now I'm going to ask you a couple of basic
questions and all I really need from you is to answer them as you see fit. Okay,

Speaker 2 (00:35):

Cool Cool fine.

Speaker 1 (00:38):

Uh, so the question one, uh, do you think the government is actively supporting the coming age of electric
vehicles and emphasizing the people on the need of electric vehicles?

Speaker 2 (00:52):

Ah, so yeah. Yes. In fact, yes. Especially because we can see how this is turning out in Metro Metro is, and
[inaudible] in the public sectors and now [inaudible], India's incorporating the struggle on trying to make
electric buses tools to be phased in all these public transport. And then that's another thing they call it
working on. And in fact, yeah, you have the electric scooters and bikes that are going to be coming up there
as you started that they're working on trying that field too trying to make IOT, if possible. So yeah, the
government has been supporting features.

Speaker 1 (01:36):

Okay. Thank you. Uh, next question. Does our country have required infrastructure for the electric vehicles?

Speaker 2 (01:46):

Uh, I am Sorry?

Speaker 1 (01:46):

Does our country have required infrastructure for electric vehicles?

Speaker 2 (01:52):

I didn't hear you get your first word.

Speaker 1 (01:54):

Uh, does our country have required infrastructure for the electric vehicles?
Speaker 2 (02:02):

Yeah, in fact, yes, we do have the, so okay when we say about conventional vehicles as such, we do have all
the infrastructures that is required to manufacture them, but we don't necessarily have the infrastructure
to implement them, especially considering how the roads and how the traffic control is being implemented
in India. But eventually with time, I think you would find Public transport. Yes. Private transport. Not yet its
gonna take some time.

Speaker 1 (02:34):

Okay. Uh, the question third, what do you suggest to overcome the lack of charging infrastructure, uh, in
the private sector as you said, what do you suggest to overcome the lack of charging infrastructure?

Speaker 2 (02:59):

What infrastructure? Charging? Alright cool, So essentially when you take charging into, I mean, you don't
have a [inaudible] have to implement charging infrastructure today you will have to create some spaces
and you will have to find out new spaces and now actually when you take it into consideration the one
thing that can work with having charging infrastructure in bus stand because India has lot of bus stands and
in railway stations, that is one place that where the charging infrastructure batteries could be put up,
especially because even public transport and private transport could like equally use it. That is one way we
can implement.

Speaker 1 (03:43):

That's true. I totally agree with you. Uh, now question four. What ways you think the government should be
taking to embrace the electric vehicle technology?

Speaker 2 (03:56):

The second word , sorry what?.

Speaker 1 (03:59):

What ways do you think the government should be taking like what steps to government should be taking
in order to embrace the electric vehicle technology ?

Speaker 2 (04:08):

Okay, so basically one thing, one thing we need to also take into consideration here is, uh, most of non
railway public transport is very divided in India it is not centralized to the stage. If you take the buses took
into consideration. They all belong to a few corporations. You have your public companies that lease out
these buses to the corporation, because maintenance which comes a hard tough job. So now all the
governments should essentially, uh, you know, foster relations, atleast help foster relationships between
these startups and corporation, especially because some corporations[inaudible] and the cost that could be
this one to have it on [inaudible] very less number, but easing on yada yada stuff, companies that will
actually cut it. So yeah, think positive relationship is really startups and uh, other companies that do this
thing and also to fund upcoming startups in the best way possible ,[inaudible] that is one thing and yeah,
that's pretty much it, like, I'm pretty sure it would be as bringing E-Vehicles into another comment.

Speaker 1 (05:34):
Oh, okay. Yeah. That is quite an insight now, uh, let's come to the last question and which is kind of a, it's a
question which is, you know, a, more of a personal opinion, but, uh, let me ask it, uh, how many, how, how
many kilometers of charge does the battery of an electric car should last for to consider changing from
petrol based vehicle to battery based vehicles.

Speaker 2 (06:07):

Hmm. Okay. So I am not really amazing to ask this question cause I don't drive a lot, but taking into like
taking all the measures into consideration. I would say it should necessarily last for, at least 8 kilometers
minimum, if you're going to like take into consideration infrastructure being placed in every bustand.

Speaker 1 (06:37):

No.

Speaker 2 (06:37):

o, no, I'm saying like, like for you to completely shift to electric vehicles.

Speaker 2 (06:43):

Like you cant go for the maximum benefit right you always start at some place. So minimum amount Would
be 8 to 10 kilometers per charge. Okay. And, uh, yeah, that, yeah, that way it would be fair a backup is
always good. A method if you can have a backup with you

Speaker 1 (07:07):

Okay. So Thanks a lot for this interview and, uh, yeah.

Speaker 2 (07:17):

Thank you [inaudible]

INTERVIEW 2:
SPEAKER-1: Will you state your name and which branch you're from?

SPEAKER-2: my name is Ronnie above. My head station number is edcs 019. I'm currently my surgeon. And
I'm studying computer science with a specialization in information security.

SPEAKER-1: we will start the interview now. question Why do you think the government is actively
supporting the coming age of electric vehicles and emphasizing the people on the need for electric
vehicles?

SPEAKER-2: I'm honestly not really sure about the kind of focus is being given to electric collectors or the
good birthday in India. But I do know that a lot of governments even like lofi bodies, they gave a lot of
importance, like cng sources, and the different policies and everything. And as far as I know, at least like the
private sector, like companies like Tada, they're coming up with like different electronic electronic
speakers, or different models. But I wouldn't like I perceiving IT infrastructure is not ready. Like, in some
places, you don't have enough Petros? How can you have like, charging stations, right? So I don't think
enough focus is given simply because we don't have the infrastructure for it, all the money for it. But like
within our means, and budgets, we had, like, you know, certain other things that are available to us, for
example, cng. And I see like the government is trying to do what they can with those resources?

SPEAKER-1: Well, as you stated, India doesn't have the infrastructure for electric vehicles, what we should
do to overcome this lack of infrastructure.

SPEAKER-2: I feel like, the main reason we do not have an insistence is obviously because people do not
realize how important it is to start right now. We often start building an infrastructure, and there is a very
obvious need, that they need. That, you know, there's a very obvious need that Oh, now we cannot do
things the old way. I feel like we are not being proactive about it. We are being reactive about things
related to climate change and the environment. Right. So I would say that y'all first thing would be drama,
the awareness that, you know, the government tells me is when it comes to the gaping lack of
infrastructure that we have, in terms of like, the further infrastructure needed to propose the acceptance
of flexibility.

SPEAKER-1: that's really, let's move on to the next question. What ways you think the government should
be taking the steps to embrace the electric vehicle technology?

SPEAKER-2: isn't it? I mean, from what I know, exactly, make a lot of industries flourish any kind of subsidize
them. Ideally, I guess, again, now that I'm a subject matter expert, right. I think that is the approach which a
lot of people take a lot of government state. I feel that you can obviously subsidize and really incentivize
the entire concept of electricity grid technology, right? Because people, I mean, by defibrillator, I mean
companies will only make or invest in the technology when they see the potential. And the widespread
acceptance rate that at this point, we are like the user that uses and says we are not unwilling to, you
know, take up electricity. But the point is, how feasible is it for them today? They, they're going to look at
their convenience, right. So firstly, you should make it convenient for the car drivers to opt for such
technology. And secondly, when you create that kind of conveniences, the private sector itself will come in
and fill that gap automatically like that very obvious. They're always looking for more ways to make money.
it's not like they're not going to do charities or anything. It's up to the government to like completely
incentivize it.

SPEAKER-1: I would like to conclude the interview by asking you one last question. How many kilometers of
charge does the battery of an electric car should last for you to consider a viable for buy
SPEAKER-2: I cannot drive But if I were to put a metric to it, I would say that let's say whatever amount of
traveling 1000 rupees a psycho can give you that is the amount of charge you require your battery ,
because people are going to like again like I am a layperson I do not know the kind of you know, technology
that goes into building a chronic leakers and most of the people do not know that right. So, for them to
compare with the performance of an average car, they will say in 1000 rupees, if I used to put you know,
1000 rupees of petrol or diesel, whatever in my car it used to give me like 30 kilometres. I don't know how
much I'm just like putting it passed away. So, they would want it okay, I wanted in one time of your charge,
I want my electronic eval to run as much as I as it would, which is 1000 liters is that I feel like that is how a
layperson would processes.

SPEAKER-1: thank you for taking the interview. Your insight was very important.
INTERVIEW 3:
SPEAKER-1

Can you please state your name and for the interview recording?

SPEAKER-2

connor

SPEAKER-1

Do you think the government is actively supporting the coming age of electric vehicles and emphasizing the
people on the need for electric vehicles?

SPEAKER-2

As far as government is concerned, they are trying their best to push me. Yeah. And they are, you know,
working on it for many angles. They are working on the demand side, they're working on supply side. So
under demand incentive, I'd like government has announced into subsidies now, so as to make EBS more
affordable to general public and to the business as well. Apart from that, there are some other incentives on
demand sites like there is a legal setting policy which has just been declared, you know, so you get some
incentive on cutting your old way. And going for a new levy many tax related input from the government
getting some relaxation that sparked the interest with you pay for me. on the supply side, I think government
is taking very calculated steps where they're focusing to build a Evie trust structure in India, they don't want
that just import everything on China and say there should be a complete install infrastructure within
countries so that finally good products can be manufactured and supplied to contain. So, there are various
themes for that also various state governments are also doing their date and on the capital part in many state
government policies, they are tax holidays to companies who establish their entity in their respective states.
So overall, dominance cannot cannot dissolve in pushing the one part, I think government should try more is
on people, you know, educating people to buy etc. So that is where I think. And let's go forward.

SPEAKER-1

That is a very good point. How do you suppose the government should incentivize people to buy more TVs?
But how do you suppose the government should incentivize people to buy more TVs?

SPEAKER-2

Think the government is doing as of now, in terms of incentivizing people like it's more than required only
requirement is that there needs to be some good quality raters so that people can just go for it, I think there
is a part of government is looking at like anything like Tesla coming into Indian market, but as we have
commonly known Tesla's price range is quite high. It's not exactly achievable to enter an average Indian. So
does that mean that most of the Indians can't, afford to keep electric vehicle definitely are costly as of now,
but if you see in terms of total cost of ownership, then it is much cheaper than our gasoline counterparts.
The luxury car right so definitely, segment of Indian society can afford it. It's not generally the most
generalized we're taking example of Tesla. There will be many more cars in the lower segment which people
can afford as of now, definitely they will remain costly for Formula One things especially car which will take
some time to see some bike in sales. But 10 seven to fill up and save quite some time to come and people
will start moving to their EDI counterparts into MPLS

that is that is quite see, the main problem that people see with electric vehicles at the moment is that they
don't last long on one charge, especially to viewers like you suggested. So when do you think the battery
technologies will catch up to the like, to the acceptable number of kilometers or two video can achieve in
order for regular people to buy it as a viable option?

SPEAKER-1

So this video is talking about range.

SPEAKER-2

Yes ,I think, we know, like the range And these are some Western concepts. So, if there is something new in
the market, people have to change, you know, they just can't compare it with the gasoline thing. That, okay,
you just fill it in poverty kind of thing. So it's an altogether new paradigm, but he is giving us our data
kilometers a day kind of rage, then they have to change your habits, you should know that, okay, on a daily
basis, or twice a week, I need to charge my vehicle. Right. So it's not only one time that magical gave me
more and more ways. But people can change their habits than even acceptable, they don't say total 6070
kilometers, that's good, for most of the people say for 95% of the people it would have happened, we just
can't target 100% of the people even if we target 95% that would start so, we should not focus much on the
range part as of now, definitely, quality of waiters should be good. So, it should not be that they just break
down, it should not be keep breaking. But from the rain perspective, I think there's no need of you are hiring
like this is one way out of the out of the elementary question. So like, what was your motivation behind like,
enjoying a startup or owning your startup or electric wages. So, while filmmakers What motivated you in that
direction. So, they keep working with online grocery company and I had them 200 donuts a day with partners
who used to deliver coffee to the end customers, and it was a pain in managing fuel expenses of those I have
to put in some decent manpower, you know, looking down at the start of the day, and still after a lot of pills
a lot of issues. So, I thought that it has to be an electric vehicle electric two wheeler, then all these dollars
will get solved. So with that thought I saw it as a big opportunity. In India, we started working on a medicine
of the electric scooter. So that was how I came.

SPEAKER-1

I would like to conclude the interview by thanking yourself for taking the time out of your busy day to attend
an interview. Your input is very valuable thanks a lot.
INTERVIEW 4:
Himnish - Hello can you please state your name and which branch are you from, for the recording.

Charit - Okay so my name is Charit Gupta Palori and I'm a second year CSE student with specialization in
IOT, Internet of Things.

Himnish - Okay thank you for taking time for this interview Charit, can we start this interview now?

Charit – Yeah, yeah sure.

Himnish – Okay, I'm gonna ask you a question then I just want your honest opinion. Okay.

Charit - Okay

Himnish - Do you think the government is actively supporting the coming age of electric vehicles and
emphasizing the people on the need for electric vehicles?

Charit – Well, I mean yeah, I think so but I don't know if it's happening nationally, but I can talk about the
state government here like I'm from bangalore you know, the government, what they're doing is they've
established charging points for electrical vehicles like throughout the city and they also made like an app
for it so they can check where the closest charging point to you is and I think so, if they can do it in Like
some in a big city in bangalore, then they can do it all across the country. That's what I strongly believe

Himnish – Okay, next question. Does our country have the required infrastructure for the electric vehicles?

Charit - Yeah I mean like see, since we all know that Tesla is coming to India like I think in late march or
April so in order for Tesla to come, obviously the Indian government has to fulfil few of the requirements,
right? So if they can fulfil like that last requirement I think they can fulfil other requirements for the
electrical company other electrical companies which manufacture electrical cars, so yeah, that would be a
yes. I guess all we need is like charging points across the city and yeah like let's say every petrol pump can
have a two or three charging stations and they can the petrol pump can charge you for that, so it's a win-
win for both, the environment and the guy who is having the electric car. It's a win situation for all of us.

Himnish - That was quite a nice answer. Next let's move on to question third. What do you suggest to
overcome the lack of charging infrastructure in India. What do you think should happen?

Charit - Okay what I think the government should do is like provide you know subsidies for people to have a
charging point like how they provide subsidies for any key assets right, like if you're buying a new home,
there's a subsidy for LPG gases like if you're getting a new home you can get the gas and the stove along
with it so they can do something like that in you know electrical in electrical charges like as I said before
they can they can encourage the; like Indian oil to have more uh charging points so it will be beneficial for
all of us. All I’m saying is they can introduce subsidies for it so it can have a better impact on the charging
points across India.
Himnish - That would be really good. Okay, next question. What ways do you think should the government
be taking steps to embrace the electric vehicle Technology?

Charit - Embrace as in?

Himnish - Like new technologies which are like you mentioned, that tesla is coming, so what should the
government do in order to-
Charit – Yeah, okay I get it. So, the first step is making good roads, roads without potholes you know like
that's the basic steps they can take firstly. When you're having an electrical car there are high chances of
having an AI in it is also great right? It will be like the interaction with you and an electric car is greater than
compared to a petrol or diesel car you get what I’m saying?

Himnish – Hmm hmm…

Charit - Yeah like let's take MG car like Hector and there's few models in the MG car’s which have internet
inside and it's basically an Alexa in a car, so you can just be like, “hey will you take me to close this thing”.
So for that to work properly we need like proper road infrastructure and proper foot paths and let's say
you're going home and like late night and you you're feeling sleepy you will tell your Tesla autopilot to take
you home but in reality there would be some guy crossing road in all of the seven and like the chances of
the autopilot recognizing is very high but still there is like a small chance of liability in it. So if you talk about
portfolio the smoother your right the better like the better it's better for both of You like the car and your
health. I think that answered your question.

Himnish – Yeah, okay I'll conclude the interview with one last question: How many kilometres of charge
does the battery of an electric car should last, for you to consider viable to buy?

Charit - Okay, let's say I’m like in a very deserted area which is you know just like 150 kilometers away from
the closest city so I, think it should be good enough like once and the battery in your car is like ten percent,
will it be able to cover like at least 110 or 120 like where the area is a bit less deserted and there's some
human interaction in it. So, I’m not quite sure about this answer but that's what I think if it can get you out
of a deserted area like at 10% charge, I think that would be fine. I think you got what I’m saying again. Yeah
you can do the calculations for that…

Himnish - Thanks for taking the interview.

Charit - No problem. Anytime.

Himnish – Bye

Charit – Bye

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Himnish - Hello can you please state your name and which branch you are from for the recording.

Rishal – So, I am Rishal Nayan and I am in second year and studying in EEE.

Himnish – Okay, hi Rishal thank you for taking your time taking time out of a busy day for the Interview and
we shall now commence with the interview, is that okay?

Rishal - Yeah fine okay.

Himnish - We'll start with the questions. Do you think the government is actively supporting the coming age
of electric vehicles and emphasizing the people on the need for electric vehicles

Rishal - Yeah exactly. Often the road transport minister which is Nitin Gadkari also said in one of his
interviews that he's supporting electrical vehicles and after a few years like it might take seven to eight
years after that our whole country will then run on electrical vehicles. Roads will be electrified like
electrification of roads will also take place and the most important part, we need to conserve the fossil
fuels and we have to switch to renewable resources of energy so that is a great step towards the
development of transportation and the government is actively supporting in this, making solar power
plants, making electrification of roads, tesla coming in India and establishing their branch. So I think
government is very well supporting and soon we'll be into an electrical age.

Himnish – Okay, on to our next question: Does our country have required infrastructure for the electric
vehicles?

Rishal - Not fully but yes to a considerable extent yes. Why because? See, the foreign companies like tesla
as I already mentioned has established this branch in India that means our country has something that's
why tesla found a place to establish their branch and tesla we know is the world's biggest electric vehicle or
manufacturing company and also if you remember if you have known or if you have seen the news Hyundai
Kona was also introduced in India which was an electric vehicle. That that was a failure because of lack of
electric charging machines on the roads but, slowly slowly the development is in progress and yeah, at
present we don't have the adequate amount of resources, I’ll say 60% of the things which we have are
present now the rest 40%, it needs time to do that. So if you consider at a considerable extent, yes we have
the required Infrastructure to manufacture electrical vehicles in our country.

Himnish - That's a really good answer. So to the next question: What do you suggest we should do in order
to overcome the lack of charging infrastructure?

Rishal - See first of all since it's an electrical vehicle, we need to increase the demand of electricity. Like the
electric power supply, the power consumption thing you have to save power for that also. So, the
maximum amount of power which is being wasted can be conserved in order to produce electricity which is
the basic component of electric vehicles. Plus the establishment of many instrumentation companies,
electronic companies is also required to make the basic parts which an electric vehicle should have and
establishment of companies that is purely making microprocessors, microcontroller sensors which are also
an integral part of an electric vehicle. So these are the basic small things which the government needs to
keep in mind in order to enlarge their production of electrical vehicles and so, getting and fasten the speed
of transformation from normal vehicles to electrical vehicles. So these are the basic components like the
electronics, the sensors, the instruments which are required the electricity which is the basic component.
They need to be prioritized.

Himnish – Okay, to the next question: In what ways, you think, should the government be taking steps to
embrace the electric vehicle technology?

Rishal – Yeah, first of all, the basic thing is people need to be made aware about the conservation of energy
and transformation into renewable resources, that is the first and foremost thing, the government should
tell the people, convey to the people that yeah conservation of fossil fuels is very important because they
are depleting at a higher rate, so, the transformation from these vehicles to electrical cycles is necessary in
order to conserve a large amount of fossil fuels because as you can know, more than 50 to 60% of the fossil
fuels which is being used in our country are wasted by vehicles. These vehicles consume 50 to 60% of the
fossil fuels which we have, so if we can save those 50 to 60%, that will be the first and foremost
achievement for our country which should be done by an awareness campaign. Second thing, as the
government in delhi has done, scrap rules yeah you see scrap rule is an also important part because as
pollution is increasing, and if a vehicle is with you for more than 15 years, it will increase pollution because
the efficiency of the engine of that vehicle will decrease. Plus it will waste more and more fuel, so that is
also one important part so this 15 years of scrap rule should be applied to whole country. The third thing is
as I said earlier, the electrical component manufacturing companies should increase at a considerable rate.
Plus we should move into sustainable development goals and we should promote sustainable development
goals which will help us to transform from non-renewable resources of energy to renewable resources of
energy without harming the environment. So this I think is the basic step, the government should take to
increase the awareness or whatever or other things so that the people will know.

Himnish - Yeah that is very important. Okay I would like to conclude the interview by asking you one last
question: How many kilometres of charge does the battery of an electric vehicle should last for, for you to
consider it viable to buy?

Rishal - I'll take an example of this, Hyundai Kona which was a great failure because of this major issue
because its charging capacity was very less like it could travel a lesser distance and required more and more
charging so if this issue can be sorted then the problem will be solved, plus electric power charging stations
at a considerable distance like at a regular distance if you consider m/h after every 50 kilometres, after
every 100 kilometres, you should have an electrical power station. So the considerable charge should be, if
you consider an average speed of 50 kilometres per hour, you should have a charging station in regular
intervals such that in two hours you can have a battery backup. So two hours battery backup is the most
important thing. If you consider the most efficiency in like very busy roads and for such things then for
three to four hours of battery backup is important provided the citizens might save electricity by switching
off the vehicle whenever needed.

Himnish - Okay thank you for taking the interview.

Rishal - Yeah it was very it was very great, thank you.

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Himnish – Hi, can you state your name and which branch are you from for the recording.

Samiksha - Hi I am Samiksha and I m in in biotechnology.

Himnish – Okay, hi Samiksha. Thank you for taking time out of your busy day for the interview. Can we start
now?

Samiksha - Yeah Yeah.

Himnish – Okay, let me ask you the first question: Do you think the government is actively supporting the
coming age of electric vehicles and emphasizing the people on the need for electric vehicles?

Samiksha - I’m not too sure about the emphasis on the electric vehicles because I haven't really been seeing
any targeted advertisements or marketing for electric vehicles by the government, so, I’m not sure about
the second part but, as for the first part, yeah. As far as I know there has been some amount of investment
that the government is thinking of doing into sort of integrating electric vehicles into everyday life for the
entire country.

Himnish – Okay, very good answer. Let's move on to the second question: Does our country have the
required infrastructure for the electric vehicles?

Samiksha - I was talking about the whole investment thing right? A large part of it is actually towards
building the infrastructure that's required for electric vehicles, so yeah, in the current scenario I don't think
we have it.

Himnish – Okay, next question: What do you think we should do in order to overcome the lack of charging
infrastructure?

Samiksha - It has to be normalized right? It's like only the government is gonna come up and start putting
charging infrastructure out if electric vehicles become more and more prominent amongst the citizens of
the country so I think the step has to be taken from the sense that like, only if you create a demand for it, it
will be fulfilled. So I think that only if we start leaning towards electric vehicles, will charging infrastructure
be more integrated into society.

Himnish – Yes, okay. The next question: In what ways do you think should the government be taking steps
to embrace the electric vehicle technology?

Samiksha - Like I said, I have not been seeing any targeted marketing or advertisements and I think it starts
over there like you have to make the masses aware of the fact that this technology even exists because I
feel like a lot of people won't even know or consider. The only people that I know that use electric vehicles
are people who can't like drive home because they don't have a license yet and we changed that mindset
right? So, I think it starts only from educating people about this and why it's better for us as well as for the
environment.

Himnish - That's a really nice answer. We'll conclude the interview by asking you one last question and it's
more of a personal opinion so just answer it like that: How many kilometer of charge does the battery of an
electric car should last for, for you to consider it viable to buy?

Samiksha - Okay I'm very um unaware about how electric vehicles work, so I'm just gonna give you an
average mileage answer. I'm gonna say 30 to 40 kilometres per charge.

Himnish – Okay, thank you for taking the interview.

Samiksha - No problem. Good luck.

Himnish - Thank You so Much.