THE NEED FOR ELECTRIC

VEHICLES
J Component-Project Report GROUP 1
PHY1901 Introduction to Innovative Projects
Winter Semester 2020-2021

Submitted to
Submitted to School of Advance Sciences
VIT University, Vellore – 632 014
By

Divij Bahl 19BCE0789

Roshan Akthar 19BCE2110
Himnish Ishaan 19BCT0243
Gautham Sreekumar 19BCE0818
Mahankali Sai Sharath Chandra 19BCE0316
Niranjan Venkatesan 19BCE0569
Takkala Harshith Reddy 19BCI0043
Alen M Johnson 19BEC0665
M Narayana Royal 19BCE0377
Tanishq Baweja 19BCE0803

Faculty In-charge
Prof. Sathya Swaroop
ABSTRACT

Electric vehicles will play a pivot role in changing the environment and economy around the globe
in the next two decades. To mitigate the effects of fossil fuel emission and address environmental
concerns (ECs), electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted aggressively all over the world. Previous
studies indicate that the on-road price of electric vehicles, inadequate charging infrastructure, range
anxiety among consumers, inadequate electric supply, lack of quality maintenance and repair options
and changing the mindset of the consumers are the major challenges in adoption of electric vehicles.
The Government of India started Faster Adoption and manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles
and financial incentives to enhance electric vehicles. The study suggests that policy makers should
focus their support on non-cost market barriers for the electrification of road transport, addressing
specifically the availability of recharging infrastructure.
INTRODUCTION

An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for
propulsion instead of the traditional fossil fuel.
First electric carriage was built in 1830s and the first electric automobile was built in 1891 in the
United States.

Types of electric vehicles:

 Battery electric Vehicle
 Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

The Need for Electric Vehicles:

o Prevent fast depletion of fossil fuel.

o Usage of EV will result in significant reduction in air pollution (CO2 emission) as
transportation accounts for one third of all energy usage.
o With rapid urbanization around the globe electric vehicle is the need of the hour to serve
everyone.
o Energy is not consumed while the electric vehicle is stationary, unlike internal combustion
engines which consume fuel while idling thereby making it energy efficient.
o Facilitate employment growth in a sun-rise sector.

In December 2019, in the Climate Risk Index 2020 released by the environment think tank, German
watch, India’s rank has worsened from the 14th spot in 2017 to 5th in 2018 in the global vulnerability
ladder and did not improve further. This makes it all the more reason for India to make electric
vehicles a priority in the fight against the reliance on fossil fuels.

Challenges for electric vehicles in India:

 The average on-road price of electric vehicles in India is not attractive enough for
consumers.
 Inadequate charging infrastructure.
 Reliance on battery imports.
 Range anxiety among consumers.
 Inadequate electricity supply in parts of India.
 Lack of quality maintenance and repair options.
 Changing the mindset of consumers, i.e. adopting to a new technology.
Electric Vehicles Global Startup Hub Activity Analysis:

METHODOLOGY

We have used the Incremental model to work on this project. Here in this project, we have
approached by referring to various research papers, taking interviews of people related to the
industry and understanding the present scope for electric vehicles in our country.
Our approach:

1) Need for electric vehicles (Problem Statement)

2) Interviewing the persons present in the sector
 Regarding problems that electric vehicles face in our country
 Their views on whether electric vehicles will be the new future
3) Researching on the topic
 Reviewing and Analysing research papers based on electric vehicles

4) Analyzing the topic

 Analyzing all the website pages on electric vehicle related topics
 Listening to video lectures of others on their views on this topic
5) Advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles

The team has proposed an effective way to actively interact with each other to attain and combine
parts of the project which was put together for a complete presenting. The project has several different
components each needing the coordination of team members. Gathering required information to
organize the very base of the project was the first step. Each team member analyzed throughout the
various topics on which we could present a project. On concluding the topic of the project, we
proceeded to analyze to pros and cons of the project so as to assess the very need of the project. The
need of project was weighed in by the help of internet resources and the various other resourceful
people which ultimately made us take our need to do the project. The topic of Electric cars introduced
us to various other challenging questions regarding the topic. Brief analysis of the topic from our
perspective was made by the combined effort of the group by gathering our own intel on tackling the
problems of topics. We faced the challenge of lack of enough information from the industry and
another major component being the lack of experience of people from the very sector of Electric Cars.

The team put together all our resources on finding possible candidates to interview to get a new
perspective on the sector of Electric car. We allocated a schedule on when to conduct the interviews.
For the interviews, the team conducted a meet amongst the members to come up with a set of
questions to be asked on interviews. After elimination process, we concluded on the set of questions
to be asked. The interview was recorded and analyzed by the team.

The input put together from the team at the start of the project along with the input from the interview
made us come to various conclusions which we lacked at the start of the project. All the resources
which were made available to us were all used to analyze the project and deduce various conclusions
about the project.
RESULTS

Electric Vehicles in India:

 Presently, EV market penetration is only 1% of total vehicle sales in India, and of that, 95%
of sales are electric two-wheelers.

 GOI has a set a target of 30% electric vehicles on Indian roads by 2030 to combat pollution.

 Currently India has only 150 charging stations. GOI has recently sanctioned setting up of
2636 number of charging stations across 62 cities in India which will reduce range anxiety to
a considerable extent.

 Phasing out of combustion engine vehicle is at the initial stage to encourage purchase of eco-
friendly electric vehicle.

 Many Indian startups and other manufacturers have come up with EVs for commercial usage
and they have already hit the Indian roads.

 Presently, India is targeting to deploy 5 to 7 million electric vehicles in the country by end of
2020 and target of 40,00,00 passenger battery electric cars (BEVs) by 2020, thus avoiding
120 million barrels of oil and 4 million tons of CO2.

We also conducted a few interviews that we referred for this project

Interview links:
1. Ananya Goswal Interview – https://youtu.be/RjVOUiphUk4
2. Charit gupta Palori Interview – https://youtu.be/416yOI62dpI
3. Srigurugan Interview – https://youtu.be/xaxaJ4wX8pE
4. Vijay Chandrawat Interview – https://youtu.be/Vox6K-rMLRA

In the interview most of the questions were related to the opinion about the government support to
electric vehicles, the intrauterine available, the need of infrastructure development, strategies to
overcome the infrastructure development. Most of the respondents opined that the Government is
supporting electric vehicles in their policy to expand metros, electric buses as public transport.
Electric scooters and bikes that are going to be coming up and government has announced into
subsidies now to promote the use of electric vehicles. Now government has announced tax deduction
for the electric vehicles to improve the sale of electric vehicles.

On the other hand, they believed our country requires infrastructure development for electric vehicles
soon. In the case of conventional vehicles, we do have sufficient infrastructure for manufacture and
maintenance. However, there is a need for improvement in conditions of road as well as traffic
control, especially in remote areas in India. The manufacturing units, and related facilities for electric
vehicles must come up in a full-fledged way, then only we can popularise these vehicles. The main
reason we do not have an insistence is obviously because people do not realize how important it is to
start right now. We often start building an infrastructure, and there is an obvious need, and will arise
as the number of vehicles in practice is improved.

Overcoming the shortage of charging stations for electric vehicles is a real challenge. To implement
charging infrastructure, we can create some new spaces for this purpose. Charging stations can be
provided in bus stands and railway stations, especially because even public transport and private
transport can equally use this facility. There is a need to develop charging stations within every 50-
60 km. Making solar power plants, making electrification of road needs tesla coming in India and
establishing their branch. More start-ups should be encouraged in this sector. As our country have a
centralized railway public transport system, system should be developed in electric vehicle transport
system.

Government is looking at like anything like Tesla coming into Indian market, but as we have
commonly known Tesla's price range is quite high. So does that mean that most of the Indians cannot,
afford to keep electric vehicle are costly as of now, but if you see in terms of total cost of ownership,
then it is much cheaper than our gasoline counterparts.

We need to increase the demand of electricity. Like the electric power supply, the power consumption
thing you must save power for that also. So, the maximum amount of power which is being wasted
can be conserved to produce electricity which is the basic component of electric vehicles. Also,
establishment of many instrumentation companies, electronic companies is also required to make the
basic parts which an electric vehicle should have and establishment of companies that is purely
making microprocessors, microcontroller sensors which are also an integral part of an electric vehicle.
So, these are the basic small things which the government needs to keep in mind in order to enlarge
their production of electrical vehicles.

People need to be made aware about the conservation of energy and transformation into renewable
resources, that is the first and foremost thing, need to conserve fossil fuels is especially important
because they are depleting at a higher rate. So the transformation from these vehicles to electrical
cycles is necessary in order to conserve a large amount of fossil fuels because as you can know, more
than 50 to 60% of the fossil fuels which is being used in our country are utilized by vehicles.
In a survey conducted by our team, out of all people, 98 % of people think that electric vehicles will
have a huge impact on our environment and will help us save the environment and 73% of people are
willing to pay extra for buying an electric vehicle to see the change in environment.

People that think that electric vehicles will have a huge impact on our environment and will help us
save the environment:

People that are willing to pay extra for buying an electric vehicle to see the change in environment:

Increasing transportation efficiency is the best place to start efforts to reduce emissions of carbon
dioxide (CO2), which is a primary culprit in global warming and of all CO2 emissions in the United
States, about 33 percent comes from transportation and this efficiency in transportation in order to
reduce CO2 emissions can be achieved if we completely switch to electric vehicles.
DISCUSSION

We have observed that to promote the usage of electric vehicles, our government has also come up
with various initiatives.

Initiatives by government of India:

 The Government of India started Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric
vehicles (FAME) with effect from 1st April 2015 – I & II scheme which provides financial
incentives for attractive EV production and creation of electric transportation infrastructure.
 The National Mission for Electric Mobility (NCEM) has launched the National Electric Mobility
Mission Plan (NEMMP)- 2020 with an aim to invest INR 140 billion in the next 8 years for the
development of electric infrastructure.
 Recently the Government released a two-pronged strategy aimed at both buyers and
manufacturers, in which it offers $1.4 billion in subsidies to buyers while imposing a hike on
import tariffs to increase manufacturing of these vehicles by domestic companies.
 The Power Ministry is close to finalizing a policy for electric vehicles charging infrastructure
that proposes granting subsidies to PSUs for setting up a basic charging station network in
big cities and highways for gaining momentum in electric vehicle sales.
 NITI Aayog, which is coordinating with various ministries, state governments and
stakeholders for the e-mobility policy, will also be seeking inputs from the department of
heavy industries, the finance ministry, the department of science and technology, the
ministry of road transport and highways and the ministry of urban development for
encouraging EVs in India.
 The government announced Rs 1,50,000 income tax deduction on interest paid on loans for
purchase of electric vehicles during the Union Budget 2019-20.
We as a team came up with a few solutions of our own in future that can be adopted in our country n
order to promote electric vehicles in India

 The future of mobility promises to be silent, efficient, and much better for our environment.

 Public procurement is expected to be an important driver of growth in the coming years,

with the purchase of four-wheeler vehicles for government offices, three-wheeled vehicles
and buses for public transport.

 Investments by fleet operators such as Ola and Uber, as well as some operators of food
distribution services, are also expected to boost the initial growth of two- and four-wheeled
electric vehicles.

 If the government's 2030 targets are met, India could save Rs. 8 lakh crores on gasoline and
diesel imports for the industry during the period considered, after considering a certain level
of batteries.

 The geography and diversity of India will present problems that need to be addressed jointly
by GOI, tech start-ups, manufacturers and investors.
 The timely adoption coupled with the electrification of the existing vehicles and growth of
charging infrastructure will create a shift, the impact of which will be felt in metropolitan
cities especially given that pollution has reached catastrophic levels.

 With the median age of Indians being 27 years, the younger generation is driven for
innovation, sustainability and environmental conservation. At the same time, by
manufacturing vehicles, components and batteries together, various established
conglomerates and startups can ensure indigenous availability of products.
CONCLUSION

In the present scenario of depletion of petroleum-based fuels, there is a vast scop for electrical
powered vehicles and also these are more environment friendly than internal-combustion vehicles.
Even though electric vehicles are becoming popular in other countries, India has to go a long way to
accomplish this. Now Government of India is encouraging electric vehicles by providing subsidy and
tax reduction. However, reduction in vehicle cost, improving electric supply, infrastructure and
charging station development are needed to improve the situation. There is a need for improvement
in conditions of road as well as traffic control, especially in remote areas in India. The manufacturing
units, and related facilities for electric vehicles must come up in a full-fledged way, then only we can
popularize these vehicles. There is also a need for giving awareness among common people in India
about the benefits of electric vehicles.
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