Emilio Aguinaldo College

School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology

Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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FEEDERS AND STORAGE SILOS

TECHNICAL REPORT
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MANALO, AXEL JEREMIAH I.

TMEC 4-1

SEPTEMBER 11, 2021

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

CONTENTS:
I. Introduction
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II. History
III. Types and Application of Feeders and Storage Silos
IV. Mechanism of Feeders and Storage Silos

I. Introduction s
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Feeders are machineries used in assembly and manufacturing applications to move
or transport materials or products to a designated storage or to other processing
equipment. A feeder is a piece of material handling equipment used to regulate the flow
of a bulk material from a bin or hopper .Feeder is essentially a conveyor used for short
distances where a constant rate of dispersal is required. There are many types of feeders to
suit many different industries; ranging from mining, to pharmaceuticals, to agriculture.
Feeders are often used in conjunction with other types of material handling equipment, like
conveyors, crushers, dryers, grinders , blenders, and mixers .Silo is a structure for storing bulk
almaterials.

II. History

Archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that silos were used in ancient Greece
as far back as the late 8th century BC, as well as the 5 th Millennium B.C site of Tel Tsaf
in the southern Levant. The term silo is derived from the Greek σιρός (siros), "pit for holding
grain". The silo pit, as it has been termed, has been a favorite way of storing grain from
time immemorial in Asia. In Turkey and Persia, insurance agents bought stores wheat or
barley whilst comparatively cheap, and store it in hidden pits against seasons of dearth. In
Malta a relatively large stock of wheat was preserved in some hundreds of pits (silos) cut in
the rock. A single silo stored from 60 to 80 tons of wheat, which, with proper precautions,
kept in good condition for four years or more .The first modern silo, a wooden and upright
one filled with grain, was invented and built in 1873 by Fred Hatch of McHenry County,
Illinois, USA .

III. Types and Application of Feeders and Storage Silos

VOLUMETRIC FEEDERS

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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Discharge rate is controlled by feeder speed based on prior calibration.

• Amount of materials transported is carefully calculated and controlled by adjusting

the speed at which the screw turns.

• Very accurate feed values to be maintained

• Rotational speed may be presented or constantly adjusted.

GRAVIMETRIC FEEDERS
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• Feeder speed based on direct material weight measurement to result in a precisely
controlled discharge rate. DAS
• Delivery rate is controlled by adjusting the rate at which the materials is introduced
into the machine.

• Used extensively in controlling the discharging of bulk materials from storing

units and stockpiles and directing these materials onto the conveyor belts

• They are especially suitable for a broad rang of bulk materials, are being able to
accommodate a range of particle sizes, and are being particularly suitable for abrasive
materials.

ROTARY FEEDERS

• Also known as Rotary Valves

• They are commonly used in industrial and agricultural applications as comment In

a bulk or specialty material handling system.

• Rotary table feeders are used for the volumetric feeding of fine bulk materials solids
which have reasonably good flow ability.

They are suitable to install under storage unit outlet of larger diameter to prevent
clogging by the sluggish material.

• Power comes from an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor.

VIBRATORY FEEDERS

• Vibratory feeders are used extensively in controlling the discharge of bulk materials
from storing units and stockpiles and directing these materials onto the conveyor belts.

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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They are especially suitable for a broad range of bulk materials, are being are able to
accommodate range of particle sizes, and are being particularly suitable for
abrasive materials.

SCREW FEEDERS

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Used for bulk materials, in which a rotating helicoid screw moves the material
forward, toward and into a process unit.

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Very similar to screw conveyors in their basic structure, both which are based on the
principles of the Archimedean screw.

• Capable of delivering dense slurries and dry granular products with great accuracy
at a range of operational speeds.

• Drives is controlled by servo motors capable of precise stop-start and speed control.

APRON FEEDERS

• Machines that resemble short conveyor belts, and are also known as plate feeders

• Allow automatic control of volume of materials that are added to process

• They are constructed from heavy, durable materials like steel to withstand the load of
the materials fed on it.

CHAIN FEEDERS

• Chain conveyors utilize a powered continuous chain arrangement, carrying a series of

single pendants.

The chain arrangement is driven by a motor, and the material suspended on the
pendants are conveyed.

ROLLER FEEDERS

• Roller feeders are used to handle dry granules and powders

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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Material is fed into a hopper at an uncontrolled rate where it is agitated by guiding
vanes so it keeps a consistent density

• The material passes between two steel rollers, which compresses the material into a
thin uniform ribbon.

BOWL FEEDERS s
• Used to feed parts an assembly line or piece of manufacturing equipment

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Individual components exit the feeders at specific intervals and enter the next step in
the assembly process

• Each bowl feeder uses special sensors to spot jams or parts that maybe misaligned

• One drawback is its precise operation

STORAGE SILOS

• A “SILO” came from a Greek word “SIROS” which means a “pit for holding grain”

• Silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. They are used in a agriculture to store
grain or fermented feed known as silage.

• Silos are more commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black,
woodchips, food products and sawdust.

TYPES OF SILOS

TOWER SILOS

• Most common type of silo

• Can be made of concrete, brick, metal, wood, and other materials.

Loading and unloading is done with automated system

• Silos storing grain, cements and woodchips are typically unloaded with air slides or
augers can be unloaded into rail cars, trucks or conveyors

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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An advantage of tower silos is that the materials tends to pack well due to its own
weight, except in the top few feet.

BUNKER SILOS

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Bunker silos are trenches, usually with concrete walls, that are filled and packed with
tractors and loaders

• The filled trench is covered with a plastic tarp to make it air tight

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These silos are usually unloaded with a tractor and loader

• They are inexpensive and especially well suited to very large operations

BAG SILOS

• Bag silos are heavy plastic tubes, usually around 2.4 to 3.6 m in diameter, and of
variable length as required for the amount of material to be stored

• They are unloaded using a tractor and loader or skid-steer loader

• They can be used as a temporary measure when growth or harvest conditions require
more space

IV. Mechanism of Feeders and Storage Silos

VOLUMETRIC FEEDERS ROLLER FEEDERS

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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BOWL FEEDERS
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CHAIN FEEDERS

GRAVIMETRIC FEEDERS

APRON FEEDERS

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 Emilio Aguinaldo College
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology
Gov. Drive, Mangubat St. Brgy. Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, 4114 Philippines

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TOWER SILOS

ROTARY FEEDERS

SCREW FEEDERS

BAG SILOS

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