186A U N D E R G R O U N D EXCAVATIONS:OPENING STRESS
954285
Impact of weight failing onto the ground
J. M. Roesset, E. Kausel, V. Cuellar, J. L. Monte & J.
Valerio, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering - ASCE, 120(8),
1994, pp 1394-1412.
The application of some nondestructive testing procedures for
soils and pavements, such as the spectral analysis of surface
waves method, requires the use of dynamic sources at some
point on the surface of the ground to create vibrations that
can be recorded and related to the material characteristics of
the medium. These sources are typically accomplished by
means of falling weights of various sizes. This paper applies a
simple mass-spring-dashpot model to assess the characteris-
tics of the forces transmitted to the ground by the falling
weight so as to be able to rationally decide on its size, mass,
and dropping height. It is found that if inelastic effects are
disregarded, a falling weight always rebounds; the drop height
affects only the impact velocity and amplitude of the contact
force - not the duration of contact; and that increases in the
drop weight lead to reductions in damping, increases in
contact time, increases in contact force, and enhancement of
the low-frequency components in the Fourier spectrum of the
contact force. (Authors)
UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS
General
954286
Underground mining
F. M. Russell, in: Annual review of mining, 1994, ed T.
Brewis & others, (Mining Journal Ltd.), 1994, pp 31-39.
This overview of underground mining during 1993 concen-
trates on developments. These include, information tech-
nology, mechanisation of narrow vein extraction, shafts,
drilling and blasting, loading and haulage, ground control
and ventilation. Examples of environmental considerations,
political events and health and safety matters that continue to
affect the industry are given. (S.E.Long)
954287
Moving underground in The Netherlands
F. B. J. Barends & J. Van der Schrier, Tunnelling &
Underground Space Technology, 9(4), 1994, pp 449-453.
In 1992-93, the Dutch working group 'Underground Traffic
Infrastructure' interviewed more than 100 specialists from
governmental institutions, research centres, and private
companies. Based on its investigations, the group proposed
a decision-making methodology for large infrastructure
projects where an underground solution is an option. The
group also proposed a research programme designed to
decrease risks (in design, financing, execution, and use),
optimize existing construction concepts, and develop new
technologies for monitoring during and after construction;
and the establishment of a national center for underground
space science. This article reviews the findings and proposals
of the working group. (Authors)
Geological factors of importance in
underground excavations
954288
Depositional model of roof stability in fully mechanized
coal faces in Pingdingshan Mine area (in Chinese)
Ge Daokai & 6 others, Journal of China Coal Society, 19(2),
1994, pp 170-181.
The investigation indicates that the depositional environment
of a roof controls the integral stability of that roof and its
rules of deployment in fully mechanized faces; and that the
factors, such as tectonic condition, etc. affect the local change
of roof stability. Among the roofs deposited in the delta plain,
the most stable one is distributary channel sandstone
sequence, the least stable one is overbank sequence. Among
the clastic back-barrier coastal sedimentary roofs, the thick
lagoon sequence is relatively stable. The lagoon mudstone-
minor tidal channel sandstone sequences are unstable to
extremely unstable. (from English summary)
954289
Fracturing characteristics of main roof strata when mining
uphill and downhill and its effect on stability of immediate
roof (in Chinese)
Tiang Quzhen, Liu Jichang & Zhang Yunqing, Journal of
China Coal Society, 19(2), 1994, pp 140-150.
The paper regards the main roof strata in uphill and downhill
mining of an inclined longwall as a elastic plate. It is shown
that the interval of periodic weighting and abutment pressure
in uphill mining are less than downhill mining. Manifestation
of ground pressure in uphill mining is more evident than
downhill mining. It is proved that when uphill mining is
introduced, the immediate roof is less stable, and roof failures
are frequent due to component in the direction of rock strata
and due to spaUing of coal rib. When the direction of
component and a face advance are the same, the immediate
roof is more stable. (from English summary)
Stresses around underground
openings
954290
Stresses and stability analysis of rocks surrounding a
tunnel in cyclorama arch section in deep mines (in Chinese)
Tang Chengbo & Shen Qiliang, Journal of China Coal
Society, 19(5), 1994, pp 531-541.
This paper establishes a mapping function calculation, for
tunnels with non-circular cross-section, by the complex
variable method. The calculation optimizes the shape of
tunnels with same cross sectional area at same depth and in
the same geological conditions. The circumferential stresses
on the periphery of the tunnel and comparisons of these
circumferential stresses on various tunnel shapes are also
made. Finally, the stress distribution and stability of the rocks
surrounding the tunnel are analyzed. (English summary)
954291
One-dimensional, semi-analytical solution for time-depen-
dent behaviour of a seam
P. A. Nawrocki, International Journal for Numerical &
Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 19(1), 1995, pp 59-74.
The paper provides a one-dimensional, semi-analytical study
of face advance in a coal seam assuming a Bingham type of
material model. The changes in vertical stress and deforma-
tion in the seam due to change in the geometric configuration
of the excavation are analysed. The general analytical
formulae defining stresses and strains for an arbitrary time
instant iAt (i = 1,2,...) are derived, and the size of the
viseoplastie zone near the opening and its evolution with time
are determined. The influence of the seam extraction rate on
the stability of the seam and rock burst occurrence is
discussed in the light of the developments presented in this
paper. (Author)