STEALTH TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

 Stealth technology also known as low observable technology.

 Stealth technology is a sub-discipline of electronic counter
measures which covers a range of technique used in Aircraft
, missiles , ships and submarines in order to make them less
visible[ideally invisible] to radar, infrared, sonar and other
detection methods.
 Stealth technology is not a single technology but it is a
combination of technology that attempts greatly reduces the
distance at which vehicle can be detected.
 Stealth is a technique in which we can make any, object
invisible.
 Stealth is an important technology which used in military
operations.
 The concept of stealth is not new: being able to operate
without the knowledge of the enemy has always been a goal
of military technology and techniques.
 A mission system employing stealth may well become
detected at some point within a given mission, such as when
the target is destroyed, however correct use of stealth systems
should seek to minimize the possibility of detection.
STEALTH AIRCRAFT

 A stealth aircraft is an aircraft that uses stealth technology to make

it harder to be detected by radar and other means than conventional
aircraft.
 Stealth aircraft were most notably used during the Gulf War.
 The metal body of an airplane is very good at reflecting radar
signals, and this makes it easy to find and track airplanes with
radar equipment.
 The goal of stealth technology is to make an airplane invisible to
radar. There are two different ways to create invisibility:
 The airplane can be shaped so that any radar signals it reflects are
reflected away from the radar equipment.
 The airplane can be covered in materials that absorb radar signals.
HISTORY
 The first true "stealth" aircraft may have been developed in
Germany during the last years of WWIl.
 With the advent of radar technology in second world war efforts
were made to make radar detection in-effective.
 Germans were to work on stealth technology.
 The developed the anti-absorbent paint though its application was
limited to submarines as it made aircraft too heavy.
 Experimental bomber yb-49 flying wing paved the way for united
states when it was not detected by radar for a period of time.
 This technique has also been used in ships as we can see in the
figure.
.
What’s the need for stealth?
 The rapid improvement of detection techniques like radar,sonar
.Since 1930’s and 1940’s
 To reduce the causalities during war.

 More important strategic importance by countries to develop

,Radar –aided anti detection system in aircrafts missiles
submarines.
HOW DOES THE STEALTH TECHNOLOGY WORKS.

 The concept behind the stealth technology is very simple.As a

matter of fact it is totally the principle of reflection and absorption
that makes aircraft “stealthy”.

 Deflecting the incoming radar waves into another direction and

thus reducing the number of waves does this , which returns to the
radar.

 Another concept that is followed is to absorb the incoming

radar waves totally and to redirect the absorbed electromagnetic
energy in another direction.

 What ever may be the method used , the level of stealth an

aircraft can achieve depends totally on the design and the
substance with which it is made of.

RAS

 RAS or Radar absorbent surfaces are the surfaces on the

aircraft , which can deflect the incoming radar waves and reduce
the deflection range.
RAM
 Radar absorbent surfaces absorb the incoming radar waves
rather than deflecting it is in another direction.RAS totally
 depends on the material with which the surface of the aircraft is
made.

 Radar-absorb Radar-absorbent material (RAM), often as

paints, are used especially on the edges of metal surfaces.

 While the material and thickness of RAM coatings is

classified, the material seeks to absorb radiated energy from a
ground or air based radar station into the coating and convert it to
heat rather than reflect it back.

IR

 Another important factor that influences the stealth

capability of an aircraft is the IR (infrared) signature given out by
the plane.

WHAT IS RADAR?

 Radar is abbreviated as radio detection and ranging.

 Radar was developed for war application , now its applications had
diversified.

 Radar is a detection system that tracks the location, speed, and

direction of a vehicle by sending out (transmitting) short bursts of
 radio waves, and then listening for an "echo" as the waves bounce
off the vehicle.

 By measuring how long it takes for an echo to arrive back, and

how much of a frequency shift has occurred in the echo (as
compared to the transmitted signal), the distance to the vehicle, and
its velocity, can be tracked.

Where is the stealth-technology already used?

B-2 Bomber
 bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea
targets, by dropping bombs on them, or - in recent years - by
launching cruise missiles at them.
 The B-2 bomber, commonly known as the stealth bomber, was an
ambitious project, to say the least. In the 1970s, the U.S. military
wanted a replacement for the aging B-52 bomber.
 They needed a plane that could carry nuclear bombs across the
globe, to the Soviet Union, in only a few hours. And they wanted it
to be nearly invisible to enemy sensors.
 Stealth Aircraft, military aircraft, fighters, and bombers designed
to elude detection and tracking systems, such as radar and infrared
monitoring.
 Stealth technology is used to mask unmanned objects such as
cruise missiles.
 The United States is a world leader in developing and deploying
stealth technology, although much about its program remains
classified.
How to make things invisible?
But how could it works, that Martin is able to see Katja ?

How could the light be deflected?

 Refractive Index
 Optical Materials
 Metamaterials
Refractive Index
 Measure of the bending of a ray of light as it passes from one
medium to another.

 The refractive index or index of refraction of a substance is a

measure of the speed of light in that substance.

 It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to

that in the considered medium.

 The velocity at which light travels in vacuum is a physical

constant, and the fastest speed at which energy or information can
be transferred. However, light travels slower through any given
material, or medium, that is not vacuum. (See: light in a medium).

OPTICAL FIBER

 All substances used in the construction of devices or instruments

whose function is to alter or control electromagnetic radiation in
the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared spectral regions.

 Optical materials are fabricated into optical elements such as

lenses, mirrors, windows, prisms, polarizers, detectors, and
modulators. These materials serve to refract, reflect, transmit,
disperse, polarize, detect, and transform light.
  The term “light” refers here not only to visible light but also to
radiation in the adjoining ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions.
At the microscopic level, atoms and their electronic configurations
in the material interact with the electromagnetic radiation
(photons) to determine the material's macroscopic optical
properties such as transmission and refraction.

METAMATERIAL
 Metamaterials offer a more compelling vision of invisibility
technology, without the need of multiple projectors and cameras.
these tiny, artificial structures are smaller than the wavelength of
light.
Factors of Stealth Technology
 The object can be shaped so that any radar signals it reflects are
reflected away from the radar equipment.
 The object can be covered in materials that absorb radar signals.

Shape of any object

 Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape.
 This shape makes them aerodynamic ,but it also creates a very
efficient radar reflector.
 The round shape means that no matter where the radar signal hits
the plane, some of the signal gets reflected back.

 While we use Stealth Technology

 A stealth aircraft , on the other hand, is made up of completely flat
surfaces and very sharp edges.
 When a radar signal hits stealth plane, the signal reflects away at
an angle , like this.
AWCT (Adoptive water curtain technology)
 This technology is a part of
stealth which is used in the

ships for making low

observable.
 This technology is to reduces surface ships . vulnerability to rcs ,
infrared signature and visual signature reduction.
 Rcs reduction elements are generally implemented in ships to
further reduce the remaining.Rcs AWCT is used.
 In which a water curtain is developed around the ships called as
Clutter.
What is Radar Absorbing Materials (Stealth)?
 Nanostructural composite material, absorbing without
reflectionradar wave.
 This new material is based on nanotechnology.

Materials

 Carbon fiber composites.

 Magnetic ferrite-based substance
 RAM reduces the radar cross section making the object appear
smaller.
 Dielectric composites are more transparent to radar, whereas
electrically conductive materials such as metals and carbon fibers
reflect electromagnetic energy incident on the material's surface.
 Composites may also contain ferrites to optimize the dielectric and
magnetic properties of the material for its application.
Advantages of stealth technology
Reduce the causality rate during the war.
Saving military budget.
Develop the military secretes.
Bluff the anti-detective device.

Disadvantages of Stealth Technology

Instability of design
Electromagnetic emissions
Cost of maintenance
Sensitive skin
Cost of operations

Future of stealth technology

 Stealth technology is clearly the future of air combat.
 In the future, as air defense systems grow more accurate and
deadly, stealth technology will not only be incorporated in
fighters and bombers but also in ships, helicopters, tanks and
transport planes.
 Stealth technology is just one of the advancements that we
have seen.In due course of time we can see many
improvements in the field of military aviation which would
one-day even make stealth technology obsolete.
CONCLUSION
 Well to conclude the current scenario appears some things similar
to the cold war both sides are accumulating weapons to counter
each other and each side can be termed as “stealth technology” and
the other as “anti-stealth technology”.
 An advance in one fields , such as materials or aerodynamics,
must be accomplished by advances in other fields , such as
computing or electromagnetic theory.
 Stealth teaches the lesson that technology is never static – a
”stealth breakthrough” may only last for few years before an
adversary finds a means of countering it.
….