OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

PULMONARY
TOPICS OBJECTIVES REFERENCE
Disorder of Ventilation 1. Recognize patient with Harrison’s Principle of
1.Definition & Physiology disorders of ventilation. Internal Medicine 20th
2. Hypoventilation 2. Distinguished the Ed. Chapter 290 pp
2.1 Definition different causes of 2010-2013
2.2 Clinical Features hypoventilation base on the
2.1.1 Restrictive lung different clinical
disease manifestation.
2.1.2 Impaired 3. Properly work-up patient
respiratory drive for confirmation of the
2.1.3 Muscle different diseases causing
weakness ventilation disorder.
2.1.4 Sleep- 4. Properly institute
disordered breathing treatment for patient with
2.3 Diagnosis dysfunction of ventilation
2.3.1 Arterial Blood
Gas
determination
2.3.2 Chest X-ray or
Chest CT
Scan
2.3.3 Pulmonary
function test
2.3.4 Questionnaire
2.3.4.1 Berlin
Questionnaire
2.3.4.2 Epworth
Sleepiness
Scale
2.3.4.3 STOP-
Bang

Questionnaire
2.3.5 Oxygen/CO2
challenge test
2.3.6 Brain CT Scan
2.3.7 Sleep study
2.4 Treatment
3. Hypoventilation Syndrome
3.1 Obesity
hypoventilation
syndrome
3.2 Central hypoventilation
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

syndrome
4. Hyperventilation
4.1 Definition
4.2 Clinical features
4.3 Diagnosis
4.4 Treatment

Sleep Apnea 1. Explain the Harrison’s Principle of

1. Definition
2. Pathophysiology
3. Risk factors and
prevalence
4. Diagnosis
4.1 Symptoms & history
4.2 Physical Findings
4.3 Diagnostic findings
5. Health consequences and
co-morbidities
5.1 Hypertension
5.2 Cardiovascular,
cerebrovascular and
metabolic diseases
5.3 Sleepiness
5.4 Quality of life & Mood
6. Treatment
6.1 CPAP
6.2 Oral appliances
6.3 Surgery
7. Central Sleep Apnea
pathophysiology of sleep Internal Medicine 20th
apnea. Ed. Chapter 291 pp
2. Correlate the risk factors 2013-2018
with the pathology of sleep
apnea.
3. Properly diagnose
patient with sleep apnea.
4. Explain the health
consequences of patient
with sleep apnea
5. Prescribe the proper
treatment for patient with
sleep apnea base on the
cause and severity of the
problem.

2 PNEUMONIA 1. Discuss the prevalence, Harrison’s Principle of

1 Definition of pneumonia
2. Classification of
Pneumonia
3. Risk factors
4. Modes of transmission
5. Diagnosis
6. Management
6.1. Guidelines in the
management of CAP
7. Risk factors of HAP
8. Pathophysiologic
mechanisms in development
etiology and pathogenesis
of Community Acquired
Pneumonia (CAP).
2. Explain the clinical
manifestations, laboratory
findings and other
diagnostic of CAP.
3. Discuss the
prognosis/outcome and
complications of CAP.
4. Institute appropriate
treatment of patient with
Internal Medicine 20th
Ed. Chapter 121 pp
908-919
Philippines Guideline
for Diagnosis and
Treatment of
Community Acquired
Pneumonia 2016
IDSA Guideline for CAP
2016
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DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
of HAP & VAP
9. Diagnosis & management
of HCAP & HAP
3 ASTHMA
1. Definition of Bronchial
asthma
2. Risk factors and triggers in
the development of asthma
3. Phenotypes of asthma
4. Pathogenesis of bronchial
asthma – different
inflammatory cells, mediators
and effects to the bronchial
tree
5. Pathologic changes noted
in the bronchial tree and its
pathophysiologic effects
6. Clinical manifestations and
differential diagnosis of
asthma
7. Laboratory work ups to
confirm diagnosis- Lung
function tests, blood
examinations, radiological
examinations
8. Goals in the treatment of
Bronchial asthma
9. Therapeutic management-
drugs for immediate relief
and for long term control and
their mechanisms of action
CAP
5. Discuss the prevalence,
etiology and pathogenesis
of Hospital Acquired
Pneumonia (HAP).
6. Explain the clinical
manifestations, laboratory
findings and other
diagnostic of HAP.
7. Discuss the
prognosis/outcome and
complications of HAP.
8. Institute appropriate
treatment of patient with
HAP
Harrison’s Principle of
1. Define asthma Internal Medicine 20th
2. Discuss the pathogenesis Ed. Chapter 281 pp
and pathology of asthma. 1957-1969
3. Explain the clinical
manifestations in GINA Guideline 2019
correlation with the
pathology of asthma.
4. Discuss the basis of
diagnosis & diagnostic
work-up of asthma.
5. Outline the management
plan of asthma during
acute exacerbation &
maintenance control of
asthma.
6. Discuss measures for the
prevention of
complications.
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DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
10. Approach to control
asthma symptoms
11. Complications of asthma
and its medications
4 COPD
1. Definition of COPD
2. Risk factors in the
development of asthma
3. Pathogenesis - Mechanism
underlying airflow
obstruction in COPD
4. Pathologic changes noted
in the respiratory tract and
its pathophysiologic effects
5. Clinical manifestations of
COPD
6. Differential diagnosis of
COPD
7. Laboratory work ups to
confirm diagnosis- Lung
function tests, different
radiological examinations
8. Goals in the treatment of
COPD
9. Combined assessment of
COPD according to
symptoms, Spirometric test
results and risk of
exacerbations and
corresponding drug therapy
10. Management of COPD
during acute exacerbations
11. Complications of COPD
5 PLEURAL DISEASES
1. Functional anatomy of
pleura
2. Causes of transudative &
exudative pleural effusion
3. Management of different
causes of pleural effusion
4. Types of pneumothorax &
its management
5. Discuss the different
Harrison’s Principle of
1. Define Chronic Internal Medicine 20th
Obstructive Lung Disease Ed. Chapter 286 pp
(COPD). 1990-1999
2. Enumerate the risks of
COPD.
3. Discuss the pathogenesis GOLD Guideline 2019
& pathology of COPD.
4. Explain the clinical
manifestations in
correlation with the
pathologic changes of
COPD.
5. Discuss the basis of
diagnosis and diagnostic
work-up of COPD, including
the classification of patient.
6. Outline the management
plan of COPD during acute
exacerbation and stable
stage.
7. Discuss plans for the
prevention of
complications.
1. Discuss the structure & Harrison’s Principle of
function of the pleura. Internal Medicine 20th
2. Explain the pathogenesis Edition Chapter 288 pp
of transudative and 2006-2009
exudative effusion.
3. Enumerate the causes of
transudative and exudative
effusion.
4. Discuss the management
of pleural effusion base on
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
diseases of the mediastinum
6. Discuss the diagnostic
work-up & management of
mediastinal diseases
6 ARDS
1. Definition of ARDS and ALI
and its differences
2. Risk factors and clinical
disorders associated with
development of ARDS
3. Pathogenesis of ARDS
4. Pathologic changes noted
in the lung parenchyma and
its pathophysiologic effects
5. Clinical manifestations of
ARDS
6. Laboratory work ups to
confirm diagnosis-
radiological, arterial blood
gas
7. General principles in the
treatment of ARDS
8. Treatment strategies of
ARDS – Lung protective
strategies
9. Approach to use of
mechanical ventilation
among patients with ARDS
10. Risk factors and
predictors of mortality in
ARDS and its prognosis
ACUTE RESPIRATORY
FAILURE
1. Definition of ARF
the cause.
5. Explain the pathogenesis
of pneumothorax.
6. Discuss the treatment of
the different causes of
pneumothorax.
7. Discuss the different
diseases of the
mediastinum.
8. Discuss the diagnostic
work-up and management
of mediastinal diseases
1. Define Adult Respiratory Harrison’s Principle of
Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Internal Medicine 20th
2. Enumerate clinical Ed. Chapter 294 pp
conditions with increased 2030-2034
risk of ARDS.
3. Discuss the pathology
and pathophysiology of
ARDS.
4. Know the clinical
manifestation of ARDS.
5. Enumerate the different
diagnostic and laboratory
work-ups for the
confirmation of ARDS.
6. Outline the treatment
plan for ARDS.
1. Define acute respiratory Harrison’s Principle of
failure Internal Medicine 20th
2. Enumerate and discuss Ed. Chapter 293 pp
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
2. Functions of the
respiratory system and its
requirements to be carried
out properly
3. Classification of ARF – 4
different types based on
pathophysiological
derangements
4. Different conditions
associated with the different
types of ARF
5. Pathogenesis and
pathophysiology of ARF
6. Clinical manifestations of
ARF
7. Approach to patient with
hypoxemia
8. Different laboratory work
ups to confirm its diagnosis –
Blood gas determination,
Radiologic tests
treatment modalities for its
type of ARF
the classification of acute 2026-2028
respiratory failure.
3. Discuss the
pathophysiology the
different causes of acute
respiratory failure.
4. Discuss the clinical
manifestation of the
different type of acute
respiratory failure.
5. Enumerate different
diagnostic work-up for the
different causes of acute
respiratory failure base on
the abnormalities of the
different components of the
respiratory system.
6. Discuss the treatment
for the different type of
respiratory failure base on
the disease affecting the
different component of the
respiratory system.