Lesson 1 - Philippine Literature by Region -at 12 y/o, published her first novel, “Ang Mga

Tunoc Sang Isa Ca Bulac(The Thorns of a

Regional literature (also known as local color) Flower).
pertains to any written literary genre that -other works: Ang Matam-is Kong Pagkabata(My
emphasizes characters, dialect, customs, Sweet Childhood) and Ang Guitara(The Guitar).
topography and other features indigenous or
native to a specific region.
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Regional Literature in the Philippines
1. Ilocano Literature
- Pedro Bucaneg is known as “the father of
Lesson 2 - Introduction to World Religion
Ilocano poetry and literature”.This
blind poet like Homer produced an epic
World Literature- refers to any written literary
for his obra maestra Biag ni Lam-ang
(illustrated on the left). genre that exemplifies the most outstanding
characteristics of particular national literatures.
2. Pampanga Literature
Elements of World Literature
-Amado M. Yuzon’s poem collection written in the
local Kapampangan dialect "Salitang Paca-Versu” love and romance
family and marriages
has earned him accolades here and abroad, such as
the 1959 poet laureate of the Philippines, 1956 individual struggles toward success
humanitarian values
"Who's Who in America", the "International Who's
Who in Poetry", and a Nobel Prize nomination. coping with tragedy (wars, famine, disasters, etc.)
life cycles
3. Tagalog Literature
-Francisco Baltazar THE TWELVE GREAT BOOKS OF THE
- Bulaceno Poet WORLD
- father of tagalog poets 1. Bible
- Shakespeare of the Philippines 2. Koran
- “Florante and Laura” 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey
4. Mahabharata
4. Bicol Literature 5. El Cid Campeador
-Mariano Perfecto 6. The Song of Roland
- “father of Bicolano Literature” and “father of 7. The Book of the Dead
Visayan Literature” 8. Canterbury Tales
- established the first printing press. 9. Uncle Tom's Cabin
- “An Parabareta (The Newsman) 10. The Divine Comedy
-first bicol newspaper 11. One Thousand and One Nights
12. The Book of the Days
5. Cebuano Literature
-Vicente Sotto The Bible
- senator from Cebu during Commonwealth period -Latin word: biblia
- “Maming” -first Cebuao published short story -Greek word: biblos
- at 22, started career as journalist and published -Holy Scriptures, Holy Writs, or
“La Justicia” Scriptures = “sacred writings”
-first newspaper in Cebu the suspended by U.S. and -More Divisions: Pentateuch, Historical Books, the
a week after, he published “El Nacional” Poetry and Wisdom Books, Books of Prophecy, the
- “Ang Suga” (The Light) - first ever Gospels, and the Epistles

6. Ilonggo (Hiligaynon) Literature Koran (Qur’an)

-Magdalena Jalandoni -sacred text of Islam
-a Filipino Feminist Writer. -114 suras
-remembered as one of the most prolific Filipino -word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the
writers in Hiliigaynon language. archangel Gabriel
The Iliad and The Odyssey Lesson 3: Selected Literature of the world

Mahabharata Elements of World Literature

- longest epic poem in the world •Tackles universal theme to which wider
- made up of almost 100,000 couplet audiences/readers can relate or identify with
-18 parvas love and romance
- author: Vyasa family and marriages
individual struggles toward success
El Cid Campeador humanitarian values
-a famous national folk hero and the embodiment coping with tragedy (wars, famine, disasters, etc.)
of chivalry and virtue life cycles

The Song of Roland English World Literature

- “La Chanson de Roland”
- oldest surviving major work of french literature
-the author was possibly Turoldus
The Book of the Dead
-collection of spells which enable the soul of the
deceased to navigate after life
-protect the deceased in the life hereafter.
Canterbury Tales
-wrote by Geoffrey Chaucer
-a collection of stories in a frame story, between
1387 and 1400
Uncle Tom's Cabin
-written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
-showed the stark reality of slavery
-generally regarded as one of the major causes of
the Civil War.
The Divine Comedy
- La Divina Commedia
- long narrative poem written in Italian circa by
Dante Alighieri
- divided into three major sections—Inferno,
Purgatorio, and Paradiso
one Thousand and One Nights
-collection of Middle Eastern folktales compiled
in Arabic during Islamic Golden Age
-King Shahryar
-Sheherazade
The Book of the Days
-Scottish author Robert Chambers
-basis of christian religion by Confucius.
-anecdote, biography and history, curiosities of
literature and oddities of human life and character.
Father of English Literature, Poetry, Language-
-Geoffrey Chaucer
Father of English Essay
- Francis Bacon
Father of English Mystery Plays, Short Story-
Edgar Allan Poe
Father of English Tragedy
-Christopher Marlowe
Father of English Novel-
Henry Fielding
Father of English Sonnet
- Sir Thomas Wyatt
Bard of Avon, Father English Drama, The Bard
- William Shakespeare
English World Literature
William Shakespeare
- (England) poet and playwright considered
- the father of the “modern English language”.
-couplet and the Shakespearean sonnet style.
French World Literature
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was an aristocrat, pilot,
poet and writer whose novella The Little Prince is
now a much loved classic extolling the virtues of
love, inner beauty and friendship. This novella is
the source of the famous quote: "One sees clearly
only with the heart. What is essential is invisible to
the eye”
African World Literature
Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for decades
during the apartheid. But after his release, he
became the president of South Africa from 1994
to 1999. All of his struggles can be read in his
memoir Long Walk to Freedom.

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Asian World Literature
Rabindranath Tagore (India) was the first Asian
to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for
his book anthology of more than a hundred
Bengali verses, the Gitanjali (Song Offerings). It
is incomparable for the beauty of its imageryas a
form of devotion to God and in appreciation for
the wonders of nature.
Rabindranath Tagore
- born in Calcuta, India into a wealthy Brahmin
family
- briefly stayed in England to study law but
returned to India
Gitanjali
-collection of poems written in Bengali
-based on medieval Indian lyrics of devotion
-led Tagore to become the first non-European to
win the Noble Prize of Literature
Mexican World Literature
Octavio Paz was a diplomat, poet and writer who
won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1980) and the
Nobel Prize (1990) for literary excellence
Piedra del Sol (Sunstone)
-circular poem based on the circular “Aztec”
calendar.
-584 lines and the first six lines are repeated at the
end of the poem.
The Labyrinth of Solitude
-Mexican identity and how, at the end of labyrinth,
there is a profound feeling of solitude.
1. The Pachuco and other extremes
2. Mexican Mask
3. The Day of the Dead
4. The Sons of La Malinche
5. The conquest and colonialism
6. From Independence to the Revolution
7. The Mexican Intelligence
8. The Present Day
9. The Dialectic of Solitude
American World Literature
Ernest Hemingway
-a popular short story writer and novelist who as
a war journalist wrote firsthand accounts of both
WW1 and WW2.
Wives:
•Hadley Richardson (1921-1927)
•Pauline Pteiffer (1927-1940)
•Martha Gellhorn (1940-1945)
•Mary Welsh Hemingway (1946-1961)
WORKS
•The Sun Also Rises
•A Farewell to Arms
•For Whom the Bell Tolls
Russian World Literature
Anton Chekhov
-a Russian physician, playwright and writer.
- master of modern short story.
Two of his last works were:
•The Cherry Orchard- social change
•A Marriage Proposal-explores courtship and
marriage both with a touch of humor and
comedy that amuses audiences.
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Lesson 4: Feminism
Selected Writers of World Literature
English – William Shakespeare
French – Antoine de Saint ExuperyA
frica – Nelson Mandela
India – Rabindranath Tagore
Mexico – Octavio Paz
America – Ernest Hemingway
Russia – Anton Chekhov
Feminism
•The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of
the equality of the sexes.
•The belief in full social, economic, and political
equality for women.
•Feminism is a range of social movements,
political movements, and ideologies that aim to
define and establish the political, economic,
personal, and social equality of the sexes.
Social Inequality
•Throughout most of Western history, women were
confined to the domestic sphere, while public life
was reserved for men.
•At the end of the 19th century in France, they
were still compelled to cover their heads in
public, and, in parts of Germany, a husband still
had the right to sell his wife.
•Married women could not exercise control over
their own children without the permission of their
husbands.
Educational and Economic Inequality
•Women had little or no access to education and
were barred from most professions.
•In medieval Europe women were denied the right
to own property, to study, or to participate in
public life.
•Women were prevented from conducting
business without a male representative, be it
father, brother, husband, legal agent, or even son.

Political Inequality
•Women could not vote.
•They could not also hold elective office in
Europe.