语文学刊 ·外语教育教学 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2010年第 5期

S
oci
oli
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siso
fMyFa
irLa
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★ Xi
angTi
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ing
(Be
ij
in
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yUn
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it
y, Be
ij
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　[中图分类号 ] H313　　[文献标识码 ] A　　[ 文章编号 ] 1672-8610(2010)05-0042-03

ma nyv a r i
etiess ucha sBr i
ti
s hEn glis h, Ame ricanEng l
ish, Indi-
I
.Int
rodu
cti
on
anEn gl i
s ha nds oo n.I ne achv a r
ie ty, t h erea rema nyd ial
ects.
So ciolin
g uisti
ci s“ thes tudyo fla ng ua geinr elati
ont os oci
e- Tot h osewh odon ots peakn at
ur als t a nda rdEng l
ish, wec an
ty”.[ 1] 1 Itisb eli
e vedtha tla nguag ei sa ne ssentialp ar
ti no ur alway sf i
ndt ra ceso fdi alectsi nt he i rs pe ak ingf r
o m whi chwe
li
vesbe c ausei tis“ av erys truct
u reds eto fsymb ols” bywh ich ma yf indo utt heirid entit
ies.J usta sPr o fess orHi ggin sh ass aid
[ 1] 12
wec a ni de nt
ifyo ur sel
vesi nt hewo rld .Justa siti simpo ss
i- inthemo vi
e , “a nEn gl
ishma n' swa yo fs pea k in
ga b s
ol utelyclas-
blefo rt wope oplet oh avei den t
icale xp e riences, sot hela nguage si
fieshi m”.
oftwope oplewi lln everb et hes a me .Ape rson' sl anguagei s 2.1 Re gi onalDi al
ect
clos
e lyr elatedt oh is/hers ocialb ackg ro u nda ndv i
c ev er
sa, his/ Re giona ld ialectsa re“v arietieso fal a ng uagewhi c ha r
es po-
here x pe riencewi lltoal argee x
tentbede te
rmi nedbyt hel an- keni nd i f
ferentg eogr aphicalar eas” [ 3] 154 .Ar e
giona l
guagehe/s hes pe aks.Th emo v i
eMyFa irL ad yisag oodillust
ra- dialec td i st
in gu is
he sp e
o pl
eo fo n er e gio nf ro mt hoseo fa nother
ti
on. region.I nt hemo vie, a sal ing uistHi g ginsc ane asilyt ellwh ere
MyFa i
rLa d yi samo viea boutho wapo orf l
owe rgir
lna me d thepe rs o nisf rom byt hea cc enthe/s h ewe a rs.Hek no wsEl iza
Eliz
ac h angesh erl i
feb yc hang in
gh erl a n guagea tth ehe l
po fa isf r
o mt hef a re ast
e rnp arto fBr ita in, Li ss onGr o ve, a ndt hat
famou sl inguistP rofessorHi gg i
ns.El izai sal ower-c las
sf lower Ch arlie,
gir
ls e llingf l
o wer so nthes treetswh os pe a ks“ t
e r
ribleEng lis
h”. Eliza' sf athe r, ma yha v eaWe lshmo the rf ro mt heirs p eaki
ng .
Higginsb o as
tst oh isf ri
endPi ckeringt ha th ec ouldt urnth i
sg ir
l No to nlyc ou l
dhet ellwh ichp a rto fBr ita inape rsoni sfromb ut
int
oar ea lladyi ns ixmo nthss impl ybyt eachingh ers tandard alsoh ec ouldr o ughl
yt el
lwh ichb loc kap erso nl i
vesi fs he/he ris
En g
lis h.El i
zaa lsowa n
tst obe comeg e n t
eels ot hats hec ould aLo nd o n er
.Al thoug hi tma ybee xa g g era tedt op or
t r
ayal i
ngu i
st
fi
ndaj o bi naf l
o wers hop, t herefores h eg oest oHi g
g insfor li
ket hisi nt hemo vi
e , ithasi nde edd e mo ns t
r atedtoush owg reat
help.Th eg ameb eginsa nda ft
ert womo nthsEl izas uccessful
ly thei n f
lu e nceo fadi alectc anb e.Asaf ano fstanda rdBr i
tish
turn
si ntoal ady , d ancingi nt heEmba ss yBa llwi t
hTr an syl
va- En gl
i sh, Hi g g insd es pi
s e
sa nyr egio n a lEng li
shv a r
ie t
ybe si
de s
nianpr i
n cea nde veryonet hink she risap r
incess. st
a nda rdBr itishEng lis
h.“ Th eS co t cha n dt heI r
i s
hl ea vey ou
Thi sp ape rt r
ie stoa na l
yzet hemo vief rom as ociol
inguist
ic closet ot ears.I nAme ricathe yha v e n' tu s e dit(Eng lish)f or
angle, ma inlyf ocu si
n go nl anguag ed iffer encec ause dbys oci
al years, ” s aidt hepr ofe s
sor.
clas
sa ndg ende rd iff
erence. 2.2 S oc ialDi ale ct
s
J us ta sr eg i
onaldi a l
ectsd i
s t
ing u i shp e o plefromo ner egion
Ⅱ .Di
ale
cts
toa nt he r, s od oesas ociald iale c
td i sting ui shpe oplef romo ne
Everyla
nguagemayh a
v ev a ri
eti
es, whic
hd e f
ine
sb yHud - classo rg roupt oa no ther.Twop eop lewhoa rebo r
ni nt hes ame
so
na s“ asetofli
ngui
st
icite mswi ths imil
ardist
ribut
ion” [ 2] 21 . placema yno tu s
et hes a
mev a ri
et yo fl an g uage.Th e irs o
cial
Dia
lectisoneoftheva
rie
tie
so fl an
guag ewhic
hi sbe l
i
evedt ob e backg roun dc o untsal argepa rti nt he irs pe ak inga ndc anma kea
[ 2] 24
exc
ludedfromp ol
it
esoci
ety .Taki ngEngli
shf orexa mp le , greatd ifferen c ei nth eirus eo fl ang ua ge[ 4] 79 .Att het imewh en
asthemo stwil
dly-usedl a ng u ag
ei nt hewo r
ld, Engli
s hha s MyFa i
rL adys etsa sb a ckgroun d, t h eu pp erc l
assa ndt hel o
we r

[ 作者简介 ] 向婷婷 , 北京林业大学外语学院英语语言文学专业研究生 。

— 42 —
 LANGUAGE　　　　　　　　　　　Xi
angTi
ngt
ing/ S
oci
oli
ngu
ist
icAn
aly
siso
fMyFa
irL
ady

classs poket otallyd iff

e ren tl an guage s , a nd me na ndwo me n moreo rth eg irli nt her a ce.S hes p ea ksp ur es tanda rdEng li
sh
talkedd iff
eren tl
yt oo.Themo vieha swe llreflec tedc lass-r elat- andbe hav esg race fully.Th eprin cei sa tt
r ac tedbyhe rc harma nd
eds ociald ialectsa ndg end er-r elateds oc i
alv ar iation s. asksh e rtoda ncewi t
hh i m.Sh ei sr ega rd eda saf ore i
g np ri
nce ss
1.Cl ass-r elateds o ciald ia l
e cts bye very one.
La n gua g
eh a sc lasse st o o.I nt hemo vie, t heu p pe rc l
as s Ther easo nwh yp eo p lerega rdEl izaa saf o reigne ri st hata
spe aks ta ndardEng li
shwhi let h el owe rc lasss p e akn on stand ard Hu ngarianl ing uists ay st ha the rEn glishi st o og oodwh i
chi ndi-
En glishv a
rieties.El i
z ac ome sf romLi s sonGr ove.Gr amma t
i call
y cat
e ss hei sn otEn glishb ecauseEn glishp e o pl ed on o tre cei
ve
shes a ys“h e' sy ours o n, i she ?” i n stea do f“ h e' sy o urs on, educ at
iono nt heirn ativel angua ge.S hemu s tha vel earn ed
isn' th e?”, “ Ia i
n' td o ne ” , “mewo rd s”a nd“ i twe ren' t” i n - Eng l
ishf rom al ing uis t
icp r
ofessor.Andb yh erg race, s a i
dt he
steado f“Iha v en' td on e” , “ mywo rd s” a nd“ i twa s n' t”.El i- Hu ngarianl i
ng uist, h ec ouldt ell“ he rb lo o di sb luert hant he
za' sf ri
e ndswh oa refro mSe lse ya ndHo xtonma k es imi larg ram- Dan ube ” andmu s tb eapr incess.I ns oc iol ing u i
s t
ics, t hisph e-
ma ticalmi sta
ke sa sEl i
z ad o e s .Th eya pp ly“ a in' t ” t oe very nome no ni sc alledhy pe rc or
rection.T het e rm hy perco r
r ectioni s
ne gatives enten ce, r egard lesso fp erso no ra ux i
l iary .Ph o no logi- fi
rstp utfo rwardbyLa b ov .I nhi si nve stiga t
i ono ft he/r/ v aria
ble
callyt he yo mit/ / i nwo rdsl i ke“ g o in g” a nd“ p ay i
ng ”, p ro - inNe wYo rkCi ty, La bo vdi s
co verst ha tt h el owe rmi dd l
ec l
a ss
noun c e“y o u” a s“y a” i ft hewo rdi sa tt hee ndo fas e ntenc e, speakwi thmo rer-p ro n unciati
o nt h ant heup pe rmi d dlec la
ss,
andc on tra
c t“ b elieveme” a s“ b lime y ”.Th eup p erc lass, o n whichi swe irdb e c ausei nt heoryt hea mo un to fru ses houl di n-
theo the rha nd, e ve ni fs o meo ft he m ma ywe a ra cc ent, s peak creasebys ocialc lass.La bovf i
nd so utt h a tl o we rc las spe o
ple
gramma ticallya ndp ho no l
o gic a llyc orr
e ct l
y . whoa rea wareo ft hep r esti
giousus eo frt en dt o“ o utpe rf
orm
Di fferentwa yso fs p ea ki n gma yg iv ed ifferen ti mp re ssion sto thei
rr eferenc eg ro u p” i .e .theup pe rmi d d lec l
a s
s .Lo bavc al l
theh e arer.Th el ang uag eo ft h el owe rc lasss oun d sb arba rousa nd theo ut-pe rforma nc ea shy per
c orrect i
o n.[ 2] 163 I nt hemo v i
eh y-
imp olitewh il
et hel ang uag eo fu pp erc lassi mpl icate sg ra cea nd percorrectionh aso ccu rre dt oEliza .Asal o we rc lassg irlwh oi s
po l
itene ss.La ngua ges e t
sa san a turalb arrierb etwe e nt hec l
as - tr
ainedt obe co meah igh e rclassd uc he sst oa tte ndab a ll
, El iz
a
ses.Pr ofess o
rHi gginsc o nd e mn sEl izaa st hemur de ro fEng l
ish hasma d eg reate ffortsi ni mitat
ingt hewa yt h eu pp erc lasspe o
ple
andpr o posest ha ts hes ho uldb eha ng e df orn o ts pea kin g“ t he tal
ks ot ha tint hee ndh e rs peechi smu c hmo res tanda rdt ha nh er
lang uageo fS hake spea rea n dMi ltona ndt heBi bl e” .Hepr e di
c ts ref
erenc eg roup —t hen o bl e.
thatt heg i
rlwi lll iv
eami sera blel i
fef ort hewh ol el i
febe c aus eo f Af t
eraqu arre lwi thPr ofessorHi gg insb ec auseh ed idno t
he rla ngu age.Toh i
m, El iz ai sad irtya nds hallowg irlwh o praisehe rf ort hes u cces si nt heba ll, El izag oe sb a ckt owh e r
e
drinksal ota ndh asn of ee lin g sl ikeo the r
s .Al lh isa ssump tio ni s shel i
v edo nlyt of indpe op l
ewh owe ref ami l iarwi thh erc a nnot
me relyba sedo nh erl ang u ag e.El iza, ha vinghe ardHi g gins' s evenr ec ognizeh e ra nymo re.Th e yc a l
lhe rmi ssa nds ug ges tt
ha t
bo asttoh isfriendt hath ec o ul dc hang eh erlifebyt eac hingh e r ladyl ikeh ers hou ldn' tb ewa lkinga lon ea rou ndLo nd ont ha t
talk, g oest of indHi g ginst ope rsuadehi mt ot ea chh erho wt o houro ft hemo rnin g.El izai sun de rgo i
nga ni de nt it
yc ri
s is.Ha v-
talks ot ha tsh ec ouldf indaj o ba sas ho pa ssi stanti naf lowe r ingc hang edi nl an g uagea ndbe ha vior, El izan ol ong erb el
o ngsto
sho p.Wh ent hema na ns we r ingt hedo ora s kshe rn a me , El iza herp rev i
ou ss peec hc ommu nit
y.As pe echc o mmu nity, a cco rd
ing
saysn othing .Th ema nr e pe a tsh iswo rdsi nap olit
ewa y.Th e tothed efinit
ionpr ovide dbyBl o omf ield, “ i sag r
oupo fpe o
ple
mo me ntEl izao pe nsh e rmo ut ht h ema n' sa tti
t udet u rnsi nt oa whoi n t
e r
a ctb yme anso fs peech”.[ 2] 119 S tric tlys peak ing, El iz
a
coldpo liteness.Mr s.Pe arc e , t heh o u se keeper , d oesn ots ent doesn o tb elongt ot hes p eechc ommu ni t
yo fu pp erc l
a ss, e ith
e r
.
Elizaa wa yo nlyb ecaus es h et ho ughtEl izawa sc omi n gt or e cord Shema ys peakt h e irlan g uagebu ts hei sn oto neo fthe m.S hei s
he r“g h astlya cce nt” fort hepr ofess o
r.T hei nflue nc eo fla ng uage onlyapo o rflowe rg irlwh oh asl earntano b lewa yo fs peak i
ng.
iss uc ht hatitc anma kepe op lep re judg eap ersonbe forekn o wing Elizaiswo rrieda bo uta n dc onfus edbywh a ts h ewi llb e comeo f
him/h erwe ll
. andwhe r
es hes ho u ldg o .Ap pare ntlyi ti si mpo s siblet og ob ack
El izabe g inst ole arns pe ak ings ta nd ardEng lishf romP ro f
es - tose l
lf lowe r
sn ow.“No wy ou' vema deal ad yo fme , I ' mno t
sorHi ggins.Mo sto ft het i mes hel earnsh owt os tand ardizeh e r fi
tt os ella nythinge l
s e, ” El i
z ac omp laine dt oPr o f
e ssor.Th e
lowe r-c lassp ron unciationo fv owe ls/æa u/ a n d /æi /t o/e i / mo viee ndsa sEl iz ac ont inu i
ngt os taya tt h eP r ofessor ' swh e r
e
and/ a u/, a ndl earnst op r o no un ce/h/ wh ichwa so mi tt
e di n everyon ek no wsh e ride nt i
tya saf lo we rg irla n dy etl oveshe ra sa
he rp reviouss pe aking .Be s ide s, s heha st ol earnt op utt het one duch ess.
atap r
o perpo si
tiono fas e nt e nc e.Fo re x amp le, s h es h oulds ay 2.Ge nde r-r elateds ocialv ariations
“h owki ndo fy out ol etmec o me ” wi tht hes tres so nt hes e cond Be si
de sc lass-r ela teds ociald iale cts, t hemo vieha sc learl
y
wo rd“ki nd” i nste ado fo n“y o u”.Whe nEl izaf i
na llyl ea rnst he demo ns t
ratedd if
fe renc eo ftheu seo fla ng ua gec ausedb yg e n
d er
vowe lsPr of
e ssorHi gginst a ke sh ert ot h er ac ewh eres hei ss up - dif
feren ce.Me na ndwo me ntalkd if
fe r
e nt l
y .Th isi sat ruth
pos edt ot alka bo uto nlywe a t he ra ndh eal
th.The rei sas trong generallya c ceptedi ns o c i
o l
inguistics.
traceo fi mi tat
io ni nhe rs p ea ki ngb uts hed oe swe ll
.Ho we ver, Thel angu ageo fme na ndwo me nv a r
yf o rmma nya sp ects.In
sheb etrayshe rs elfwh ens ho ut in ga ttheh o r
s e“ mo v ey ou rb lo om- ter
mso ft one, wo me np re fertou ser is i
ngt o n ei nt hee ndo fstate-
in' a rse” a tth ee ndo fther a ce .Wec a nu nde r
s ta ndho wh a rdi t ment swhi leme nl ik et ou seaf allingt on e[ 5] 127 .I nt hemo v
ie,
isf orap ersont oc hang eh is /h ers pe aki ngt o t
allyi ns uc has ho r t whe nEl izag o estov i
sitPr ofess
o rHi ggin s, bo t ht h ema nwh oa n-
ti
me .De spiteo ft hea ccide nt , Pr ofess orHi gginsd ec idest ot ake swerst hedo ora ndt heh o usekee perMr s.Pe a rc eh aveut te
re dthe
he rtot h eEmb assyBa lla ftert womo rewe ekst ra ining .Wh e n sentenc e“o nemo me nt, p leas
e”.Th edi ffer enc ei stha tt hema n
Elizaa ppe arsint heEmba s syBa ll
, s hei sn ott hef l
o we rg irla ny - usedaf allingt oneo nt h ewo rd“p leas e” whi leMr s.Pe arceu sed
— 43 —
 语文学刊 ·外语教育教学 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2010年第 5期

ar isi
ngt on e.Wo me na l
sol i ketoa ddt agq u e st
ionst os tat
e - soc
ioli
ngui
sti
cv iew.Co ntaini
ngal a
rgea mounto fphenomena
me nts.“ He ' sy ou
rs on, ish e ?” Elizaa sksawo ma nliket his. whichsoci
oli
ng uist
icsma yfindinte
rest
ing , themo vieisn o
tonly
Wo me nt al
ki nt hi
swa yt oe nc oura
geo the r
st og i
vea ne xp l
ici t agoods t
orytoa ppr
eciat
eb utalsoap ro
pe rma t
e r
ialwo r
thsoci
o-
answe rort oj o i
ni nthed isc u s s
iona ct
ively.Ge n e rallyspe aking, li
nguis
ti
ca t
tention.I thasr efl
ect
edt hed iff
erentu sageoflan-
wome na remo repo l
iteb utl e ssc onf
identt hanme ni nt heu s eo f guageamongc l
assesandbe tweengenders, a ndh asd emons
tra
ted
language.Th eyt rytoma in tai nag oodr elati
on s hipwi tho t he
r s tousinad rama ticwa yhowg reattheinf luenceo flanguagecan
duringc onv ersa t
ionwh ileme nma i
nlyc area boutt hei nforma t
ion betoape rso
n ' sexperi
ence.Th ea ut
horo fthi
sp ap erhopest
hat
conv e
y edinc o nver
sati
o n.[ 6] 64 aft
ertheanal
y sisthereaderc o
uldknowb e t
terabou tthecharmof
Co nt
raryt owo men' sp o l
i t
ewa yo fs peakin g , me ns peaki n lan
guageandi tss oci
alfuncti
ons.
amo reforce fula ndl essp o litewa y.Fo re xampl e , int hemo v
ie
noma tt
erho ws caredo ra n gryEl iz
ai ss heo n lyu sest hewo rd 【Ref
ere
nces
】
“ohh ” and“g arn” toe xpre ssh erfeeli
ng s.Pr o
f e s sorHi ggins, on [ 1] Hu dson, R.A.So ciol
ing
u isti
c s[ M] .Forei
gnLa ngu
age
theo t
he rh and, r epeats“ d a mn” wh enhei sups e ta nda ngry .
Te achinga ndRe se
a r
chPr e
s s, 2000.
Eve ninl owe rc la
sswhe repo l i
teprinciplesa r
en ots or estr
i c
ted [ 2] Wa r
dhaugh , Ronald. An I n t
rodu ct
iont oSo c
ioli
nguis
tics
ast hoseo fup perclass, ag irll i
keEl izawo uldn otu se“ d amn”
[ M] .Fo re i
gnL anguageTe achinga nd Research Pres
s,
toe xpressh era nger.Ot he r wi ses hema yb ec o n de mn eda sv u
l - 2004.
gar.Ho wev er, ama ni nup pe rc l
assc anus ethewo rdtoe xp r
es s [ 3] Mc Kay, Sa ndr
aLe e, NancyH.Ho rn
b er
ger.So ci
oli
nguis-
hisf r
ustrat
io nwi t
houtb eingc o nsi
d e
redv ulgar.
t i
csan dLa nguageTe a
ching[ M] .Fo reignLanguageTe ach-
On eo fHi ggin
s' s tat
eme n tsref
lectsa noth
e rdi f
ferenc e i n
ga ndRe sear
chPr es
s, 2003.
betwee nme na ndwo me ni nt h ei
ruseo fl anguag e .“Yo uwa ntto
[ 4] 李展 , 李道胜 . 社会因素 对语言的 影响及 社会语 言学的
tal
ko fKe atso rMi lt
on;s heo nl ywantst otalko fl ov e.Yo ug oto
应用 [ J ].信阳农业高等专科学校学 报 , 2006, 16(4).
seeap layo rba ll
eta nds p e ndi ts e
archingf orh e rg l
ove ,” said [ 5] 白佳芳 . 社会语言学视角下的英语性别差异 探析 [ J ].广
Hig gi
nswhe nhed escribesho wh orr
ibleitwo uldb elikei fama n
西政 法管理干部学院学报 , 2008, 23(3).
letawo ma ni nhi slife.I ts ee mst hatwo me na ndme np refe
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从社会语言学角度看电影 《 窈窕淑女 》

向婷婷
(北京林业大学 外语学院 , 北京 　100083)

[摘 　要 ] 　《窈窕淑女 》是一部关于一个卖花女如何在一个语言 学家的帮 助下通过改 变自己的语 言而改变

自己的命运的电影 。 电影以戏剧化的 形式充分展示了语言作 为一个 人社会 身份象 征的重 要性及语 言对于 一个人
的人生经历的影响 , 本文从社会语言学的角度对这部影 片中一 些现象 进行分析 和解释 , 分 析电影中 由于社 会阶层
和性别差异产生的语言变体 , 让读者对语言的魅力和电影的主题有更深刻的理解 。
[关键词 ] 　社会语言学 ;　语言的性别差异 ;　语言使用的社会 阶层差异

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