Cheat Sheet (Latin Terminology)

Lower Limb:
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 Hip and thigh muscles

Mm. glutei Origin Insertion Innervation Function

Lateroposterior surface
of os sacrum and os
coccygis, Facies glutea Articulatio coxae: Thigh extension,
Tractus iliotibialis, Nervus gluteus
M. gluteus alae ossis ilium (behind Thigh external rotation, Thigh
Tuberositas glutea inferior
maximus linea glutea posterior), abduction (superior part), Thigh
femoris (L5-S2)
Fascia thoracolumbalis, adduction (inferior part)
Ligamentum
sacrotuberale

Facies glutea alae ossis

M. gluteus ilium (between lineae Lateral aspect of
medius gluteae posterior et trochanter major femoris
anterior) Articulatio coxae: Thigh abduction,
Thigh internal rotation (anterior part);
Facies glutea alae ossis Stabilizes pelvis
M. gluteus ilium (between lineae Anterior aspect of Nervus gluteus
minimus gluteae anterior et trochanter major femoris superior
inferior) (L4-S1)

Articulatio coxae: Thigh internal

Spina iliaca anterior
rotation, (Weak abduction);
M. tensor superior, Labium
Tractus iliotibialis Articulatio genus: Leg external
fasciae latae externum cristae
rotation, (Weak leg flexion/
externae
extension); Stabilises hip & knee joints
 Inner Hip
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Muscles

M. Iliacus Fossa iliaca Nervus femoralis (L1-L3)

Corpus of vertebrae T12-L4, Trochanter minor Articulatio coxae: Thigh/

Disci intervertebrales
M. psoas major
between T12-L4, Processus
costales L1-L5
M. psoas minor Corpus of vertebrae T12-L1
femoris trunk flexion, Thigh
external rotation; Trunk
Rami anteriores of nervi
lateral flexion (Psoas
spinales L1-L3 major/minor only)
Eminentia iliopubica,
Pectin ossis pubis

Anterior surface of membrana

M. obturator Fossa trochanterica Nervus obturatorius
obturatoria, Bony boundaries
externus femoris (L3, L4)
of foramen obturatum

Ramus ischiopubicus, Facies Medial aspect of

M. obturator
posterior of membrana trochanter major
internus Nervus musculi
obturatoria femoris
obturatorii interni
M. triceps coxae

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

(L5-S2) external rotation, Thigh
M. gemellus Medial surface of
Spina ischiadica abduction (from flexed hip);
superior trochanter major
Stabilises head of femur in
femoris (via tendo acetabulum
M. gemellus musculi obturatorius Nervus musculi quadrati
Tuber ischiadicum
inferior internus) femoris (L4-S1)

Facies anterior of os sacrum

(between S2-S4), Facies glutea Apex of trochanter Nervus musculi
M. piriformis
ossis ilii, (Ligamentum major femoris piriformis (S1-S2)
sacrotuberale)

Crista Articulatio coxae: Thigh

M. quadratus Nervus musculi quadrati external rotation; Stabilises
Tuber ischiadicum intertrochanterica
femoris femoris (L4-S1) head of femur in
femoris acetabulum

Anterior thigh
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

Proximal end of tibia flexion, Thigh abduction,
below condylus Thigh external rotation;
M. sartorius Spina iliaca anterior superior
medialis Articulatio genus: Leg
(via pes anserinus) flexion, Leg internal
rotation

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

M. rectus Spina iliaca anterior inferior,
flexion; Articulatio genus:
femoris Sulcus supraacetabularis Tuberositas tibiae
Leg extension
(via lig. patellae), Os
patella
M. quadriceps femoris

M. vastus Facies anterior of corpora Nervus femoralis (L2-L4)

intermedius femoris

Tuberositas tibiae
M. vastus Linea aspera femoris, (via lig. patellae),
lateralis Trochanter major femoris Patella, (Condylus Articulatio genus:
lateralis tibiae) Leg extension

Linea intertrochanterica, Linea Tuberositas tibiae

M. vastus spiralis, Linea aspera, Linea (via lig. patellae),
medialis supracondylaris medialis of Patella, (Condylus
femur medialis tibiae)
Posterior thigh
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

(Impressio
M. Articulatio coxae: Thigh
superolateralis of) Condylus medialis tibialis
semimembranosus extension, Thigh internal
Tuber ischiadicum
Divisio tibialis nervi rotation;
ischiadici (L5-S2) Articulatio genus: Leg
(Impressio Proximal end of tibia
flexion, Leg internal
M. semitendinosus posteromedialis of) below condylus medialis
rotation; Stabilises pelvis
Tuber ischiadicum (via pes anserinus)

Caput longus:
(Impressio
inferomedialis of) Caput longus: Divisio
Articulatio coxae: Thigh
Tuber ischiadici, tibialis nervi ischiadici
extension, Thigh external
Ligamentum (L5-S2)
(Lateral aspect of) rotation;
M. biceps femoris sacrotuberale
Caput fibulae Articulatio genus: Leg
Caput breve: Divisio
flexion, Leg internal
Caput breve: Linea fibularis communis nervi
rotation; Stabilises pelvis
aspera femoris, Linea ischiadici (L5-S2)
supracondylaris
lateralis

Medial thigh
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

Nervus femoralis (L2-L3) flexion, Thigh adduction,
Linea pectinea femoris,
M. pectineus Pectin ossis pubis (Nervus obturatorius Thigh external rotation,
Linea aspera femoris
(L2-L3)) Thigh internal rotation;
Pelvis stabilization

Pars adductoria: Ramus Pars adductoria: Pars adductoria: Nervus

Articulatio coxae: Thigh
inferior ossis pubis, Tuberositas glutea, Linea obturatorius (L2-L4)
flexion, Thigh adduction,
Ramus ossis ischii aspera (labium mediale),
Thigh external rotation
Linea supracondylaris Pars ischiocondylaris:
M. adductor (pars adductoria);
Pars ischiocondylaris: medialis Divisio tibialis nervi
magnus Thigh extension, Thigh
Tuber ischiadicum ischiadici (L4)
internal rotation (pars
Pars ischiocondylaris:
ischiocondylaris);
Tuberculum adductorium
Pelvis stabilization
femoris

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

M. adductor Ramus inferior ossis Tuberositas glutea
adduction, Thigh external
minimus pubis femoris
rotation

M. adductor Facies anterior of corpus Nervus obturatorius

longus ossis pubis (L2-L4) Articulatio coxae: Thigh
Linea aspera femoris flexion, Thigh adduction,
Facies anterior of corpus (labium mediale) Thigh external rotation;
M. adductor
ossis pubis, Ramus Pelvis stabilization
brevis
inferior ossis pubis

Articulatio coxae: Thigh

Facies anterior of corpus
Proximal end of tibia flexion, Thigh adduction;
ossis pubis, Ramus Nervus obturatorius
M. gracilis below condylus medialis Articulatio genus: Leg
inferior ossis pubis, (L2-L3)
(via pes anserinus) flexion, Leg internal
Ramus ossis ischii
rotation
 Leg muscles

Anterior leg
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

Condylus lateralis tibiae, Articulatio talocruralis: Foot

M. tibialis (Proximal half of) Facies Os cuneifome mediale, Nervus fibularis dorsiflexion; Articulatio subtalaris:
anterior lateralis tibiae, Membrana Basis ossis metatarsi 1 profundus (L4, L5) Foot inversion; Supports arcus
interossea longitudinalis medialis pedis

Articulatio metatarsophalangealis
(Middle third of ) et articulatio interphalangealis 1:
M. extensor Basis phalangis distalis of
Facies medialis fibulae, Great toe extension;
hallucis longus hallux
Membrana interossea Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
dorsiflexion

Articulatio metatarsophalangealis
(Proximal half of) Facies et articulatio interphalangealis 2-5:
M. extensor Phalanges distales et Nervus fibularis
medialis fibulae, Toe extension;
digitorum phalanges mediae of profundus (L5, S1)
Condylus lateralis tibiae, Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
longus digits 2-5
Membrana interossea dorsiflexion; Articulatio subtalaris:
Foot inversion

(Distal third of) Facies

Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
M. fibularis medialis fibulae, Septum Dorsal surface of basis
dorsiflexion;
tertius intermusculare anterius ossis metatarsi 5
Articulatio subtalaris: Foot eversion
 Lateral leg muscles
M. fibularis longus
M. fibularis brevis
Posterior leg
muscles
M. gastrocnemius
M. triceps surae
M. soleus
M. plantaris
M. popliteus
M. tibialis posterior
M. flexor digitorum
longus
M. flexor hallucis
longus
Origin
Caput fibulae, Proximal
2/3 of facies lateralis
fibulae, Septi
intermusculares cruris
anterius et posterius
Distal 2/3 of facies
lateralis fibulae, Septum
intermusculare cruris
anterius
Origin
Caput laterale:
Posterolateral surface of
condylus lateralis femoris
Caput mediale: (Facies
posterior of) Condylus
medialis femoris, Facies
poplitea femoris
Linea musculi solei, Margo
medialis tibiae, Caput
fibulae, Margo posterior
fibulae
Linea supracondylaris
lateralis femoris,
Ligamentum popliteum
obliquum genus
Condylus lateralis
femoris, cornu posterius
of meniscus lateralis
genus
Facies posterior tibiae,
Facies posterior fibulae,
Membrana interossea
Facies posterior tibiae
(inferior to linea musculi
solei)
(Distal 2/3 of) Facies
posterior fibulae,
Membrana interossea,
Septum intermusculare
cruris posterius, Fascia
musculi tibialis posterioris
Insertion Innervation Function
Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion; Articulatio
Os cuneifome mediale,
subtalaris: Foot eversion,
Os metatarsale 1
Supports arcus longitudinalis
Nervus fibularis
lateralis et transversus pedis
superficialis
(L5, S1)
Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
Basis ossis metatarsi 5 plantar flexion; Articulatio
subtalaris: Foot eversion
Insertion Innervation Function
Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion;
Articulatio genus: Knee flexion
Facies posterior
calcanei Nervus tibialis
(via tendo calcaneus) (S1, S2)
Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion
Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion;
Articulatio genus: Knee flexion
Proximal part of facies Nervus tibialis Unlocks and stabilizes articulatio
posterior tibiae (L5-S2) genus
Tuberositas ossis Articulatio talocruralis:
navicularis, Ossa Foot plantar flexion;
Nervus tibialis
cuneiformia, Bases of Articulatio subtalaris:
(L4, L5)
ossa metatarsi 2-4 Foot inversion; Supports medial
(Os cubdoideum) longitudinal arch of foot
Articulatio metatarsophalangealis
et articulatio interphalangealis
Bases phalangium Nervus tibialis 2-5: Toe flexion;
distalium of digits 2-5 (S1, S2) Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion; Articulatio
subtalaris: Foot inversion
Articulatio metatarsophalangealis
et articulatio interphalangealis 1:
Basis phalangis distalis Nervus tibialis Great toe flexion;
of hallux (S2, S3) Articulatio talocruralis: Foot
plantar flexion; Articulatio
subtalaris: Foot inversion

Medial plantar
Origin
muscles
Processus medialis of tuber
M. abductor calcanei, Retinaculum
hallucis muscle musculorum flexorum,
Aponeurosis plantaris
Tendo musculi tibialis
M. flexor
posterioris, Os cuneiforme
hallucis brevis
medialis, Os cuneiforme
muscle
lateralis, Os cuboideum
Caput obliquum: Bases of
ossa metatarsi 2-4, Os
cuboideum, Os cuneiforme
M. adductor
laterale;
hallucis muscle
(*located in
Caput transversum: Ligg.
central
metatarsophalangeales
compartment)
plantares and ligg.
metatarsalia tranversa
profunda of digits 3-5
Foot muscles
Insertion Innervation Function
Articulatio metatarsophalagealis 1:
Basis phalangis Nervus plantaris
Toe abduction, Toe flexion; Support
proximalis of hallux medialis (S1-S3)
of arcus longitudinalis pedis
Lateral and medial
Articulatio metatarsophalangealis 1:
aspects of basis Nervus plantaris
Toe flexion; Support of arcus
phalangis proximalis of medialis (S1,S2)
longitudinalis pedis
hallux
Articulatio metatarsophalangealis 1:
Lateral aspect of basis
Nervus plantaris Toe adduction, Toe flexion; Support
phalangis proximalis of
lateralis (S2,S3) of arcus longitudinalis and
hallux
transversus pedis
Central plantar
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

Articulationes
M. flexor
Processus medialis of tuber Phalanges mediae of Nervus plantaris metatarsophalangeales 2-5:
digitorum
calcanei, Apon. plantaris digits 2-5 medialis (S1-3) Flexion, Supports arcus
brevis
longitudinalis pedis

Facies medialis calcanei, Articulationes

M. quadratus Tendon musculi flexor Nervus plantaris
Processus lateralis of tuber metatarsophalangeales 2-5:
plantae digitorum longus lateralis (S1-3)
calcanei Flexion

Nervus plantaris Articulationes

Medial aspect of bases
medialis (M. 1), metatarsophalangeales 2-5:
M. lumbricales Tendines musculi flexor phalangium
Nervus plantaris Flexion, Adduction;
(4) digitorum longus proximalium/ Apon.
lateralis (Mm. Articulationes interphalangeales
extensoria of digits 2-5
2-4) (S2-3) 2-5: Extension

Articulationes
Medial aspect of bases
metatarsophalangeales 3-5:
Mm. interossei Medial aspects of ossa phalangium
Flexion, Adduction;
plantares (3) metatarsi 3-5 proximalium/ Apon.
Articulationes interphalangeales
extensoria of digits 3-5
3-5: Extension

Nervus plantaris
M. 1: Medial aspect of
lateralis (S2-3)
basis phalangus Articulationes
proximalis 2, metatarsophalangeales 2-4:
Mm. interossei Opposing sides of ossa
Mm.2-4: Lateral aspect Flexion, Abduction;
dorsalesn (4) metatarsi 2-4
of bases phalangium Articulationes interphalangeales
proximalium/Apon. 2-4: Extension
extensoria of digits 2-4

Lateral plantar
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
muscles

Articulatio
Basis phalangis
M. abductor Tuber calcanei, Aponeurosis Nervus plantaris metatarsophalangealis 5: Toe
proximalis of digit 5, Os
digiti minimi plantaris lateralis (S1-S3) abduction, Toe flexion; Supports
metatarsi 5
arcus longitudinalis pedis

M. flexor digiti Basis ossis metatarsi 5, Basis phalangis Nervus plantaris Articulatio
minimi brevis Ligamentum plantare longum proximalis of digit 5 lateralis (S2-S3) metatarsophalangealis 5: Flexion

Ligamentum plantare longum, Articulatio

M. opponens Margo lateralis of os Nervus plantaris
Basis ossis metatarsi 5, Vagina metatarsophalangealis 5: Toe
digiti minimi metatarsi 5 lateralis (S2-S3)
tendinis m. fibularis longus abduction, Toe flexion

Dorsal muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function

Facies superolateralis of
M. extensor calcaneus, Ligamentum
Phalanges mediae of Articulationes interphalangeales
digitorum talocalcaneum interosseum, Nervus
digits 2-4 2-4: Toe extension
brevis Retinaculum musculorum fibularis/
extensorum inferius peroneus
profundus (S1,
S2) Articulatio
M. extensor Facies superolateralis of Phalanx proximalis of
metatarsophalangealis 1:
hallucis brevis calcaneus hallux
Toe extension
 Complete your muscle charts collection
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Cheat Sheet (English Terminology)

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