Biology-Holt Vocab Review Worksheets

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Biology and You
Circle the term that best completes each sentence.
1. (Homeostasis, Heredity, or Skepticism) is a questioning attitude.

2. (Hypothesis, Metabolism, or Homeostasis) is a possible explanation that can
be tested by experimenting.
3. A (theory, variable, or guess) explains a wide range of observations.
4. When you make notes about objects or events by using your senses, you are
making (theories, observations, or cells).
5. A (cell, variable, or hypothesis) is the smallest unit able to have life.
6. The sum of all chemical reactions that happen in an organism is called (theory,
metabolism, or homeostasis).
7. (Variable, SI, or Heredity) is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
8. The change in inherited characteristics of organisms over generations is known
as (observations, evolution, or cell).
Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

biology experiment reproduction
control group homeostasis SI
9. The act of testing a hypothesis is called a(n) _______________________.
10. No experimental treatment is done to the _______________________
_______________________during an experiment.
11. Scientists worldwide use _______________________ to measure.
12. The study of living things is called _______________________.
13. Keeping a stable internal environment is called _______________________.
14. When organisms produce more of their own kind, it is called
_______________________.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology 1 Biology and You
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Applications of Biology
1. A way to prevent a disease is to give (genetics, biometrics, or vaccinations).

2. The study of data to determine identity of an individual is called
(ecology, biometrics, or genetics).
3. (Genetic engineering, Ecology, or Biometrics) is used to modify a cell’s genes
for industrial use.
4. All of the genes in your body make up your (ecology, genome, or vaccination).
5. The study of how an organism is affected by its surroundings is known as
(epidemiology, biometrics, or environmental science).
Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.
_____ 6. genetics a. studies interactions between two

organisms
_____ 7. ecology
b. study of heredity
_____ 8. epidemiology c. studies the air, water, and land around
organisms
_____ 9. environmental
science d. science that helps prevent outbreaks of
disease

biometrics genetics genome
10. The way traits are passed from parents to offspring is the subject of
_______________________.
11. Fingerprinting and iris scans provide information that is analyzed through
_______________________.
12. All the hereditary information about one kind of organism is called its
_______________________.
Holt Biology 5 Applications of Biology
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Vocabulary Review continued

ecology epidemiology vaccination
13. A way to make someone immune to a disease is to give a
_______________________.
14. The study of the relationships between organisms is called
_______________________.
15. The study of the spread of disease is called _______________________.
Holt Biology 6 Applications of Biology
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Chemistry of Life
_____ 1. ion a. smallest unit of matter that cannot be

broken down by chemical means
_____ 2. atom
b. group of atoms held together by
_____ 3. compound covalent bonds
c. atom or group of atoms that has lost or
_____ 4. molecule gained one or more electrons
d. substance made of the joined atoms of
two or more different elements
_____ 5. cohesion a. attraction between particles of different

substances
_____ 6. adhesion
b. one substance evenly distributed in
_____ 7. buffer another
_____ 8. solution c. attraction between particles of the same
substance
d. prevents pH changes
_____ 9. ATP a. long chain of amino acids

_____ 10. carbohydrate b. biomolecule that repels water
c. nucleotide that carries energy
_____ 11. protein
d. organic compound made up of carbon,
_____ 12. lipid hydrogen, and oxygen; used by living
things as an energy source
_____ 13. amino acid
e. contains chains of nucleotides
_____ 14. nucleic acid f. building block of a protein
Holt Biology 9 Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____ 15. energy a. substance on which an enzyme works

b. ability to move or change matter
_____ 16. substrate
c. location on an enzyme that binds to a
_____ 17. active site substrate
_____ 18. enzyme d. substance that speeds up a biochemical
reaction
_____ 19. reactant a. nucleic acid that contains genetic

information
_____ 20. DNA
b. substance that forms in a chemical reaction
_____ 21. RNA c. nucleic acid that plays a role in protein
synthesis
_____ 22. product
d. substance that is changed in a chemical
_____ 23. nucleotide reaction
e. contains a sugar, base, and phosphate
group
_____ 24. acid a. measure of how acidic or basic a solution

_____ 25. base is
b. compound that forms extra hydronium
_____ 26. pH ions when dissolved in water
_____ 27. valence electrons c. compound that forms extra hydroxide
ions when dissolved in water
_____ 28. element d. substance made of atoms that have the
_____ 29. activation energy same number of protons
e. energy needed to start a chemical
reaction
f. are found in the outermost shell of an
atom
Holt Biology 10 Chemistry of Life
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Ecosystems
biodiversity community habitat
climate ecosystem succession
1. The number of species living within an ecosystem is its
__________________.
2. The place where a particular population of a species lives is called its
_______________________.
3. A(n) _______________________ is a community and all the physical parts of
its habitat, such as the soil, water, and weather.
4. The average weather conditions over a long period of time is an area’s
_______________________.
5. A regular progression of species replacement is called __________________.
6. All the living things that interact together in an area is a(n)
_______________________.

carbon cycle nitrogen cycle phosphorus cycle respiration
7. Oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere in the
process of ___________________.
8. Nitrogen is made available for use by living things in the
___________________ ___________________.
9. Photosynthesis, respiration, and combustion are parts of the _______________
___________________.
10. An animal eating plants is an important part of the ___________________
___________________.
Holt Biology 15 Ecosystems
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

biome decomposer producer
consumer energy pyramid trophic level
11. A(n) _______________________ is determined by climate and latitude.
12. An organism in a community that captures energy from the sun is a
_______________________.
13. An organism that eats plants and animals is a(n) _______________________.
14. A level in a diagram based on an organism’s source of energy is called a(n)
______________________ ______________________.
15. A triangular diagram that shows the amount of available energy at each level
is a(n) _______________________ ______________________.
16. A(n) _______________________ is an organism that breaks down dead
bodies and organic waste.
In the space provided, write T if the statement is true or F if it is false.
_____ 17. Organisms in an ecosystem that first gain (capture) energy are called
decomposers.
_____ 18. A triangular shaped model that uses blocks to represent the amount of
energy in each trophic level is called an energy pyramid.
_____ 19. The process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia is part of
the phosphorus cycle.
_____ 20. Organisms that get energy by consuming plants or other organisms are
called consumers.
Holt Biology 16 Ecosystems
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Populations and Communities
_____ 1. population a. the largest population that an environment can

support at any given time
_____ 2. carrying capacity
b. when one species evolves in response to
_____ 3. predation another species
c. two or more species living together in a close,
_____ 4. coevolution
long-term relationship
_____ 5. parasitism d. one organism feeds on and usually lives on or
in another larger organism
_____ 6. symbiosis
e. a group of organisms of the same species that
live in the same area and interbreed
f. the act of one organism feeding on another
_____ 7. mutualism a. a relationship in which both participating

species benefit
_____ 8. commensalism
b. the entire range of conditions an organism is
_____ 9. niche potentially able to occupy
c. the role of a species in an ecosystem
_____ 10. fundamental niche
d. the elimination of a competing species
_____ 11. realized niche e. the part of its fundamental niche that a
species occupies
_____ 12. competitive exclusion
f. a relationship in which one species benefits
and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Holt Biology 21 Populations and Communities
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best completes each
statement.
_____ 13. The largest ecological niche where an organism or species can possibly
survive is its
a. habitat. b. fundamental niche. c. community.
_____ 14. A relationship between two species in which both species benefit is called
a. predation. b. parasitic. c. mutualism.
_____ 15. A single species in an ecosystem that affects the survival of many other
species is called a
a. parasite species. b. keystone species. c. predator.
carrying capacity parasitism realized niche

competitive exclusion predation symbiosis
16. When a shark eats a seal, ______________________ is taking place.
17. Mutualism and commensalism are two types of ______________________.
18. In the face of competition, an organism may occupy only part of its
fundamental niche. That part is called its ______________________
______________________.
19. A characteristic of ______________________ is that these organisms often do

not kill their prey because they depend on the prey for food and place to live.
20. The maximum population number that the environment can support at one
time is called ______________________.
21. The principle of ______________________ states that when two species are
competing, the one that competes better will eliminate the other species.
Holt Biology 22 Populations and Communities
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
The Environment
acid rain erosion
deforestation greenhouse effect
1. Wind and rain can wash away the soil in a process called
_______________________.
2. Precipitation that has an unusually high amount of sulfuric acid or nitric acid is
called _______________________ _______________________.
3. When greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere, it is known as the
_______________________ _______________________.
4. When trees are cut down for timber or farmland, _______________________
may result.
_____ 5. fossil fuel a. the process of reusing things instead of using

more resources
_____ 6. biodiversity
b. a way to educate people about the environment
_____ 7. recycling and support conservation
c. the variety of organisms in a given area
_____ 8. ecotourism
d. a nonrenewable energy source formed from the
remains of organisms
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each sentence or answers each question.
_____ 9. A gradual increase in the average temperatures on Earth is known as

a. the greenhouse effect.
b. the ozone hole.
c. global warming.
_____ 10. The death of every member of a species is called
a. extinction. b. endangerment. c. biodiversity.
Holt Biology 27 The Environment
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Cell Structure
Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with letters of the terms being
described.
a. cell membrane c. nucleus
b. cytoplasm d. ribosome
_____ 1. barrier between the outside environment and the inside of a cell
_____ 2. cell structure on which proteins are made
_____ 3. structure that contains a cell’s DNA
_____ 4. includes the fluid and structures inside a cell

eukaryote organelle prokaryote
5. One of many structures that carry out specific activities in a cell is a(n)
_______________________.
6. A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus is a(n)
_______________________.
7. An organism made of one or more cells that have a nucleus is a(n)
_______________________.
Holt Biology 31 Cell Structure
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with letters of the terms being
described.
a. chloroplast c. Golgi apparatus e. vacuole
b. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion f. vesicle
_____ 8. small sac formed by a membrane

_____ 9. membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell
_____ 10. sacs that package and distribute proteins
_____ 11. sac that stores water and may contain ions, nutrients, and wastes
_____ 12. organelle that uses light energy to make sugar
_____ 13. organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP
14. A long, threadlike structure that moves an organism is a (flagellum, vacuole,
or chloroplast).
15. A (vesicle, ribosome, or tissue) is a group of similar cells that have the same
function.
16. An (organ, organelle, or endoplasmic reticulum) is made of different tissues and
has a specific function.
17. A group of organs that work together make up an (organelle, organ system,
or observation).
18. A single-celled organism that lives connected to a group of identical organisms is
called a (colonial organism, ribosome, or Golgi apparatus).
Holt Biology 32 Cell Structure
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Cells and Their Environment
_____ 1. phospholipid a. difference in the concentration of a

substance across a space
_____ 2. concentration gradient
b. made of a phosphate “head” and two
_____ 3. equilibrium fatty acid “tails”
c. movement of a substance from an
_____ 4. diffusion area of high concentration to an area
of lower concentration
d. concentration of a substance is equal
throughout a space
_____ 5. osmosis a. double layer of phospholipids that form the

cell membrane
_____ 6. lipid bilayer
b. transports substances across a cell
_____ 7. carrier protein membrane
_____ 8. sodium-potassium c. diffusion of water through a selectively
pump permeable membrane
d. carrier protein used in active transport
_____ 9. signal a. acts as a signal molecule within the

cell
_____ 10. receptor protein
b. binds to a signal molecule, letting
_____ 11. second messenger the cell respond to the signal
molecule
c. produced by a signaling cell and
detected by the target cell
Holt Biology 37 Cells and Their Environment
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
In the space provided, match the words on the left with the statements on the right.
_____ 1. ATP a. the process some organisms use to store energy

from sunlight by making carbohydrates
_____ 2. cellular respiration
b. substance with three phosphates that organisms
_____ 3. pigment use to temporarily store and then use energy
c. the process cells use to get energy from
_____ 4. photosynthesis
carbohydrates
_____ 5. ATP synthase d. an enzyme that helps cells make an “energy
currency”
e. a substance that absorbs some colors of light
and reflects other colors of light

Calvin cycle electron transport chain
chlorophyll thylakoid
6. ___________________________: The main pigment involved in
photosynthesis
7. ___________________________: Disc-shaped sacs inside chloroplasts where
the main reactions of photosynthesis take place
8. ___________________________: Excited electrons go down this series of
molecules on the inner membranes of some organelles, giving up their energy,
which gets used for ATP production.
9. ___________________________: The main way that photosynthesizing
organisms use carbon dioxide to make a sugar.
Holt Biology 41 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Aerobic fermentation Krebs cycle
anaerobic glycolysis
10. ___________________________: Describes a process that requires oxygen
11. ___________________________: Describes a process that does not require
oxygen
12. ___________________________: The process that breaks down glucose to
pyruvate and which produces a small amount of ATP
13. ___________________________: A series of chemical reactions that break
down pyruvate and produces electron carriers that enter an electron transport
chain
14. ___________________________: The process that recycles NAD+ without
the need for oxygen so that carbohydrates can continue to be broken down to
produce ATP
Holt Biology 42 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Cell Growth and Division
sentence.
_____ 1. A segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein is a

a. gene.
b. chromosome.
c. chromatid.
_____ 2. At the beginning of cell division, DNA and the proteins associated with
the DNA coil into a structure called a
a. gene.
b. chromatid.
c. centrosome.
_____ 3. The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called the
a. centromere.
b. centrosome.
c. looped domain.
_____ 4. chromatin a. a type of protein that aids the packing of DNA

b. a group of diseases characterized by
_____ 5. nucleosome
uncontrolled cell growth
_____ 6. histone c. material in a cell made of DNA and proteins
_____ 7. tumor d. DNA molecule wrapped around a core of
proteins
_____ 8. cancer e. a mass of unhealthy cells that grow very quickly
9. DNA is organized and packaged into structures called (genes, chromosomes,

or centrosomes).
10. In eukaryotic cells, (chromosomes, centrosomes, or centrioles) are the
structures that move to the opposite sides of the cell to help direct movement
of the chromatids during cell division.
Holt Biology 45 Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
11. During cell division, chromatids attach to the (chromatin, centromere, or

spindle), which pulls the chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
each sentence.
_____ 12. The repeated sequence of growth and division during the life of a cell is
called
a. the cell cycle.
b. cytokinesis.
c. mitosis.
_____ 13. The first three phases of the cell cycle are called
a. anaphase.
b. mitosis.
c. interphase.
_____ 14. The process during which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two
nuclei is called
a. the cell cycle.
b. mitosis.
c. cytokinesis.
_____ 15. The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides is
called
a. cytokinesis.
b. interphase.
c. mitosis.
Holt Biology 46 Cell Growth and Division
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
each sentence or best answers each question.
_____ 1. An organism’s reproductive cells, such as sperm, or egg cells are called
a. genes.
b. chromosomes.
c. gametes.
_____ 2. Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and have the same kinds
of genes are
a. diploid.
b. haploid.
c. homologous chromosomes.
_____ 3. When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes, it is said to be
a. haploid.
b. binary.
c. diploid.
_____ 4. When a cell contains one set of chromosomes, it is said to be
a. separated.
b. haploid.
c. diploid.
_____ 5. The cell that results from the fusion of gametes is called a(n)
a. autosome.
b. zygote.
c. organism.
_____ 6. A female reproductive cell is called a(n)
a. ovum.
b. sperm.
c. sex chromosome.
Holt Biology 51 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
_____ 7. A male reproductive cell is called a(n)

a. ovum.
b. sperm.
c. sex chromosome.
_____ 8. The repeated sequence of events in the life of an organism including
growth and development until maturity is called
a. a life cycle.
b. cytokinesis.
c. binary fission.
_____ 9. Which occurs during prophase I in meiosis?
a. DNA replication
b. crossing-over
c. cytokinesis
_____ 10. The process during which a diploid cell divides twice to become four
haploid cells is called
a. fertilization.
b. metaphase.
c. meiosis.
_____ 11. The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different
chromosomes during meiosis is called
a. independent assortment.
b. fertilization.
c. variation.
Holt Biology 52 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Mendel and Heredity
_____ 1. character a. a form of a character

b. an inherited physical feature
_____ 2. hybrid
c. the offspring of a genetic cross
_____ 3. trait between parents with contrasting
traits
_____ 4. recessive a. a version of a gene

b. group of offspring produced by a
_____ 5. generation given set of parents
_____ 6. homozygous c. having two identical alleles of a
gene
_____ 7. allele d. allele is not expressed in presence
of corresponding dominant allele
_____ 8. genotype a. detectable expression of a gene

b. an expressed allele by itself
_____ 9. phenotype
c. set of alleles an individual has
_____ 10. dominant d. alleles of a particular gene are
different
_____ 11. heterozygous
Holt Biology 57 Mendel and Heredity
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

genetic disorder pedigree probability Punnett square
12. ___________________________ diagram that predicts the outcomes of a
genetic cross
13. ___________________________ an inherited disease or condition
14. ___________________________ the likelihood that a specific event will
occur
15. ___________________________ a family history that shows how a trait is
inherited

codominance linked polygenic character
16. ___________________________ genes that are inherited together
17. ___________________________ when several genes influence a character
18. ___________________________ two alleles are fully expressed at the same
time
Holt Biology 58 Mendel and Heredity
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
DNA, RNA, and Proteins
_____ 1. DNA replication a. enzyme that unwinds the DNA

helix
_____ 2. DNA helicase b. catalyzes the formation of DNA
_____ 3. DNA polymerase c. the process of making a copy of
DNA
_____ 4. gene a. subunit of DNA containing a

phosphate, sugar, and a base
_____ 5. nucleotide b. has a double helix
_____ 6. DNA c. segment of DNA that codes for a
trait
_____ 7. RNA a. a three-nucleotide sequence in

DNA
_____ 8. codon b. nucleic acid that plays an
important role in building
_____ 9. gene expression
proteins
c. the process of gene activation to
produce specific traits

transcription translation purine pyrimidine
10. ___________________________ making RNA from DNA
11. ___________________________ thymine and cytosine
12. ___________________________ making a protein from RNA
13. ___________________________ adenine and guanine
Holt Biology 63 DNA, RNA, and Proteins
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Genes in Action
Refer to the word bank to unscramble each term. Then fill in each blank provided.
exon mutation transcription factor
intron plasmid transposon
1. rrinacntsipot rfocta ________________________________________________
2. sanorpntso ______________________________________________________
3. smipdal _________________________________________________________
4. xeno ____________________________________________________________
5. nrntoi ___________________________________________________________
6. utotianm_________________________________________________________

apoptosis exon intron
cell differentiation genome
_____________________ 7. cell specialization
_____________________ 8. non-coding section of DNA
_____________________ 9. all the DNA in a species
_____________________ 10. coding region of DNA
_____________________ 11. programmed cell death
Holt Biology 67 Genes in Action
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
domain operon
nondisjunction polyploidy
12. noaidm_________________________________________________________
13. loyyoipdlp _____________________________________________________
14. roponeo ________________________________________________________
15. unonisnjnoctind __________________________________________________

domain operon
mutation polyploidy
_____________________ 16. adjacent and related gene unit
_____________________ 17. change in genetic material
_____________________ 18. multiple sets of chromosomes
_____________________ 19. functional unit in protein
Holt Biology 68 Genes in Action
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Gene Technologies and Human Applications
clone microarray restriction enzyme
genomics recombinant DNA stem cell
1. igosecnm ________________________________________________________
2. oceln ___________________________________________________________
3. smte lcle ________________________________________________________
4. brtnneacimo DAN _________________________________________________
5. rmrcaaroyi _______________________________________________________
6. ttiicrneosr meenyz _________________________________________________

DNA fingerprint genetic engineering restriction enzyme
electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction
_____________________ 7. a pattern of DNA banding that is unique
_____________________ 8. uses an electrical field inside a gel to separate
molecules by their size and charge
_____________________ 9. binds to specific short sequences of DNA and then
cuts the DNA
_____________________ 10. the process of manipulating genes for practical
purposes
_____________________ 11. a technique for making many copies of DNA
Holt Biology 71 Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
bioinformatics genetic library
electrophoresis genome mapping
12. nboioimfratcis ___________________________________________________
13. ssierhpocretelo __________________________________________________
14. geonem npmpagi _________________________________________________
15. eegncit bilrray ___________________________________________________

clones DNA sequencing
DNA polymorphisms recombinant DNA
_____________________ 16. DNA from different sources that has been
combined by genetic engineering
_____________________ 17. variations in DNA sequences
_____________________ 18. genetically identical organisms, cell, or pieces of
genetic material
_____________________ 19. the process of determining the order of every
nucleotide in a DNA sequence
Holt Biology 72 Gene Technologies and Human Applications
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Evolutionary Theory
each statement.
_____ 1. The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an

environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is
a. origin of species.
b. genetic principles.
c. natural selection.
_____ 2. In biology, the formation of species is called
a. speciation.
b. adaptation.
c. artificial selection.
_____ 3. The process by which species change over time is called
a. homologous.
b. evolution.
c. speciation.
_____ 4. The process by which a species becomes better suited to its
environment is
a. speciation.
b. adaptation.
c. extinction.
_____ 5. Structures that share a common ancestry are
a. not related.
b. homologous.
c. analogous.
_____ 6. Selection done by humans is
a. natural selection.
b. artificial selection.
c. adaptation.
_____ 7. Remnants of organisms living in the past are
a. gradualism.
b. fossils.
c. adaptations.
Holt Biology 76 Evolutionary Theory
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Population Genetics and Speciation
genetic equilibrium population genetics subspecies
normal distribution reproductive isolation
1. tengice brilimuequi _______________________________________________

2. scubspesei ______________________________________________________
3. droptivecure tinosoila _____________________________________________
4. nopalopitu tengices _______________________________________________
5. lornam buittoindirs _______________________________________________

genetic equilibrium population genetics subspecies
normal distribution reproductive isolation
6. A population that is different from, but can interbreed with other populations
of the same species is called a ___________________________.
7. If you were to plot the height of everyone in your class on a graph, the values
would probably form a hill-shaped curve called a
___________________________ ___________________________.
8. The study of changes in the numbers and types of alleles in populations is
called ___________________________ ___________________________.
9. A population in which no genetic change is occurring is in a state of
___________________________ ___________________________.
10. A state in which two populations can no longer interbreed to produce future
offspring is called ___________________________
___________________________.
Holt Biology 81 Population Genetics and Speciation
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________
_____ 11. A normal distribution produces a graph with a

a. hill-shaped curve.
b. a straight line.
c. a curve on one end.
_____ 12. A population that is in genetic equilibrium is no longer
a. growing.
b. breeding.
c. changing.
_____ 13. Population genetics is the study of changes in the
a. biodiversity of an ecological community.
b. numbers and types of alleles in populations.
c. adaptive radiation of a species.
_____ 14. A subspecies is one that is different from another similar species, but
the two species can still
a. interbreed.
b. compete.
c. look alike.
_____ 15. When two populations are no longer able to breed with one another or
produce fertile offspring, they are in
a. genetic equilibrium.
b. reproductive isolation.
c. a normal distribution.
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term.
_____ 16. genetic equilibrium a. a species that has diverged from another
_____ 17. normal distribution species, but can still interbreed with it
b. graph produces a hill-shaped curve
_____ 18. population genetics c. study of changes in population alleles
_____ 19. reproductive isolation d. two populations can no longer
interbreed
_____ 20. subspecies
e. the state of a population in which no
genetic change occurs
Holt Biology 82 Population Genetics and Speciation
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Classification
statement.
_____ 1. A method of analysis based on shared derived characters is

a. evolutionary systematics.
b. heredity.
c. cladistics.
_____ 2. The evolutionary history of a species is its
a. phylogeny.
b. kingdom.
c. heredity.
_____ 3. Similar species are combined into a(n)
a. order.
b. genus.
c. family.
_____ 4. The science of naming and organizing organisms is
a. evolution.
b. taxonomy.
c. kingdom.
_____ 5. The two-word system for naming organisms that was originated by
Linnaeus is
a. cladistics.
b. evolutionary systematics.
c. binomial nomenclature.
_____ 6. archaea a. cells have nucleus and other internal

compartments
_____ 7. bacteria b. the more modern way of using ancestry to group
_____ 8. cladistics organisms
c. group of prokaryotes with strong exterior cell
_____ 9. eukaryote walls and a unique genetic system
_____10. taxonomy d. the science practiced by Linnaeus
e. group of prokaryotes that includes extremophiles
Holt Biology 85 Classification
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
History of Life on Earth
1. The theory that explains how chloroplasts and mitochondria got to be part of
cells is called (cyanobacteria, microsphere, endosymbiosis).
2. The period of time determined for the decay of radioactive elements used in
radiometric dating is the (half-life, era, Precambrian).
3. (Microspheres, Ribozymes, Cyanobacteria) are tiny hollow structures made of
short chains of amino acids and might have been the first step towards cellular
organization.
4. Describing a fossil as being older than the layer of rock above it is called
(fossil, relative, absolute) dating.
_____ 5. fossil record a. the death of all members of many species

b. shows the different parts of Earth’s
_____ 6. geologic time scale
4.5 billion years of history
_____ 7. mass extinction c. made up of all the fossil evidence that has
been found so far
_____ 8. radiometric dating
d. a way of finding the absolute age of a
fossil

cyanobacteria isotopes
eras ribozyme
9. Oxygen entered the atmosphere because of the _______________________.
10. A kind of RNA that can act like an enzyme is a(n) _______________________.
11. Radiometric dating uses unstable _______________________.
12. The geologic time scale is divided into large blocks of time called
_______________________.
Holt Biology 89 History of Life on Earth
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Bacteria and Viruses
_____ 1. Which of the following is a protein-carbohydrate compound found in

bacterial cell walls?
a. peptidoglycan b. plasmid c. Gram-negative
_____ 2. A small extra loop of DNA is a
a. pilus. b. chromosome. c. plasmid.
_____ 3. A bacterial structure that can survive environmental stress is a(n)
a. endospore. b. plasmid c. toxin.
_____ 4. Bacteria that stain pink with a Gram stain are
a. Gram-positive. b. Gram-negative. c. archaea.
_____ 5. A process in which two organisms exchange genetic material is called

a. conjugation. b. binary fission. c. transformation.
_____ 6. A process in which bacteria take up DNA from their environment is
called
a. conjugation. b. transduction. c. transformation.
_____ 7. Bacteria that stain purple with Gram stain are
a. Gram-positive. b. Gram-negative c. archaea.
_____ 8. A process in which DNA is transferred from a virus to a bacterium is
called
a. binary fission. b. conjugation. c. transduction.
Holt Biology 93 Bacteria and Viruses
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

bacteriophages envelope lytic cycle
capsid lysogenic cycle
Pieces of nucleic acid contained in a protein coat are called viruses. The protein
coat, or (9) ___________________, may enclose RNA or DNA, but not both.
Many viruses have a membrane, or (10) ___________________, that gives the
virus a spherical shape and helps the virus enter a cell. Viruses that infect bacteria
are called (11) ___________________. Viruses cause damage when they replicate
inside cells many times. When the viruses break out, the cell is destroyed.
The cycle of infection, replication, and cell destruction is called the
(12) ___________________ ___________________. Sometimes, a virus becomes
part of the host DNA and remains in the host cell for a long period of time. This
process is called the (13) ___________________ ___________________.

antibiotics pathogens toxins
Koch’s postulates resistance
Diseases are caused by agents called (14) ___________________. The

four-step procedure that is used to identify these agents is known as
(15) ___________________. Bacteria cause disease in two ways. They destroy
body tissues, or they release poisonous (16) __________________. Bacteria that
cause disease can be killed or prevented from growing by the use of chemicals
called (17) ___________________. The overuse of these chemicals can cause
(18) ___________________, which allows the bacteria to tolerate them.
Holt Biology 94 Bacteria and Viruses
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Protists
alternation of generations holdfast zygospore
gametes red tide zygote
1. A _______________________ is caused by a bloom of dinoflagellates.
2. Brown algae use a _______________________, a rootlike structure, to
prevent being washed away by waves.
3. Many protists reproduce sexually when two _______________________
combine to form a _______________________.
4 The process of reproduction in which two distinct forms that differ in method
of reproduction are produced is called _______________________.
5. A _______________________ can survive freezing, drying, and UV radiation.
6. A (pseudopod, plasmodium, flagellum) is a mass of cytoplasm with many

nuclei.
7. The side-by-side reproduction of two paramecia where nuclear material is
exchanged is (mitosis, conjugation, binary fission).
8. (Sporozoans, Flagellates, Amoeboids) are protists that have no means of
locomotion.
9. Paramecia use (a contractile vacuole, an oral groove, cilia) to remove excess
water from the cell.
10. Amoebas engulf food particles with their (pseudopodia, vacuoles, oral
grooves).
11. A (water mold, flagellate, sporozoan) caused the great potato blight in Ireland
in the 1800s.
Holt Biology 99 Protists
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Questions 12–14 refer to the figures below, which show three single-celled
organisms. Circle the term that best completes each sentence.
12. Organism A moves using flexible extensions called (pseudopodia, flagella,

cilia).
13. Organism B moves by means of a (flagellum, tail, cilium).
14. Organism C moves by means of (cilia, pseudopodia, flagellum).
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the
term.
a. first stage of malaria parasite that infects the
_____15. blade liver
_____16. algal bloom b. diploid phase of multicellular algae
_____17. merozoite c. overgrowth of protists in an aquatic
environment
_____18. sporozoite d. second stage of malarial parasite that infects
red blood cells
_____19. test
e. leaflike structure in kelp
_____20. sporophyte f. outer shell of an amoeboid protist
Holt Biology 100 Protists
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Fungi
_____ 1. chitin a. aid in the transfer of minerals from the soil to a

plant
_____ 2. zygosporangium
b. thick-walled sexual structure
_____ 3. rhizoid c. the tough polysaccharide found in fungal cells
and the hard outer covering of insects
_____ 4. mycorrhiza
d. close living association (symbiosis) between a
_____ 5. lichen fungus and a green alga
e. the hyphae that anchor a fungus to its source of
_____ 6. hyphae
food
f. thin filaments that make up the body of a fungus
_____ 7. mycelium a. saclike structure in which haploid spores are

formed
_____ 8. dermatophyte
b. tangled mass formed by hyphae
_____ 9. ascus c. fungi that infect skin and hair
_____ 10. yeast d. the common name given to unicellular fungi
e. club-shaped sexual reproductive structure
_____ 11. basidium
f. fungi that absorb nutrients from dead
_____ 12. saprobe organisms
Holt Biology 105 Fungi
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____ 13. The partial walls between some fungal cells are called
a. membranes.
b. septa.
c. mycelia.
_____ 14. Fungi that do not have an observed sexual stage are grouped together as
a. imperfect fungi.
b. asexual fungi.
c. parasitic fungi.
_____ 15. What is the fungal structure in which asexual spores are produced?
a. sporangium
b. ascus
c. basidium
_____ 16. A dikaryotic hypha has cells with
a. no nuclei.
b. one nucleus.
c. two nuclei.
_____ 17. The phylum of modern fungi that provide clues about the evolution of
kingdom Fungi is
a. Zygomycota.
b. Chytridiomycota.
c. Ascomycota.
_____ 18. Ascomycetes produce asexual spores in specialized hyphae called
a. asci.
b. conidiophores.
c. an ascocarp.
Holt Biology 106 Fungi
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
antheridium pollen grain sorus
archegonium pollination spore
____________________ 1. a structure that makes eggs
____________________ 2. a structure that makes sperm
____________________ 3. a group of sporangia on a fern frond
____________________ 4. contains a male gametophyte of a seed plant
____________________ 5. a reproductive cell or structure that is resistant to
environmental conditions
____________________ 6. the transfer of pollen grains from the male to the
female reproductive structure
_____ 7. angiosperm a. leaflike structure that is part of a plant embryo

_____ 8. cotyledon b. a seed plant that produces seeds in fruit
c. flowering plant with seeds that have one seed
_____ 9. dicot
leaf
_____10. gymnosperm d. a seed plant that produces cones instead of
fruit
_____11. monocot
e. made up of a plant embryo surround by a
_____12. seed protective coat
f. flowering plant with seeds that have two seed
leaves
13. The female reproductive part of a flower is the (anther, pistil, or rhizome).
14. The (fruit, rhizome, or spore) is the horizontal underground stem of a fern.
15. The (petal, frond, or stamen) of a flower consists of an anther and a filament.
16. A structure in which spores form is called a (sporangium, frond, or fruit).
Holt Biology 111 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

cuticle frond fruit
17. The spore-bearing leaf of a fern is called a _______________________.
18. The _______________________ is a waxy layer that covers the nonwoody,
aboveground parts of most plants.
19. The seeds of angiosperms develop within a _______________________.

anther ovule sporophyte
gametophyte pollen grain
____________________ 20. a structure that carries a plant’s sperm
____________________ 21. the pollen-producing sac of a seed plant
____________________ 22. the stage in plant life cycles that produces spores
____________________ 23. the stage in plant life cycles that produces gametes
____________________ 24. a flower structure that contains an egg and becomes
a seed
Holt Biology 112 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Seed Plant Structure and Growth
_____ 1. apical meristem a. makes up much of the inside of the nonwoody

parts of a plant
_____ 2. dermal tissue b. region that causes a plant to grow in width
_____ 3. ground tissue c. conducts materials and provides support for a
plant
_____ 4. lateral meristem
d. region that causes a plant to grow in length
_____ 5. vascular tissue e. forms the protective outer layer of a plant

blade petiole stoma
guard cell phloem xylem
______________________ 6. lets a plant exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
______________________ 7. the broad, flat part of a leaf

______________________ 8. one of a pair of cells that open and close each stoma
______________________ 9. tissue made of soft-walled cells that carry organic
nutrients
______________________ 10. tissue made of hard-walled cells that carry water and
mineral nutrients
______________________ 11. the stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant
_____ 12. heartwood a. lies outside the heartwood and has vessel cells that
can conduct water
_____ 13. meristem
b. the ground tissue in a leaf
_____ 14. mesophyll c. area of actively dividing cells in a plant
_____ 15. sapwood d. the wood in the center of a mature stem or tree trunk
Holt Biology 117 Seed Plant Structure and Growth
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

bundle pith secondary
germination primary
16. The ground tissue used for storage in the center of most plant stems is called
_______________________.
17. The roots and stems of a plant get longer through _______________________
growth.
18. A vascular _______________________ consists of both water-conducting tissues
and sugar-conducting tissues.
19. Woody stems and roots get wider because of _______________________ growth.
20. The process by which a plant embryo resumes growth is called
_______________________.
Holt Biology 118 Seed Plant Structure and Growth
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Plant Processes
1. The loss of water vapor from a plant is called (perspiration, sweat, or

transpiration).
2. The condition of a seed or plant that is inactive is called
(dormancy, movement, or tropism).
3. The closing of a Venus’ flytrap is a (continuous, growth, or nastic)
movement.
_____ 4. gravitropism a. causes a stem to wrap around a wire

b. growth of a plant part toward or away from
_____ 5. photoperiodism
gravity
_____ 6. phototropism c. the response of plants to the length of days
and nights
_____ 7. thigmotropism
d. growth of a plant part toward or away from
light

dependent independent tropism
8. The movement of a plant part in a nastic movement is
_______________________ of the direction of the stimulus.
9. The way a plant part moves because of a tropism is
_______________________ on the direction of the stimulus.
10. The upward growth of the shoot of a seedling is an example of a
_______________________.
.Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Biology 121 Plant Processes
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Introduction to Animals
amniotic egg gastrovascular cavity therapsid
cephalization notochord
1. dronchoot _____________________________________________________
2. shparited ______________________________________________________
3. zephianioctal ___________________________________________________
4. rostaguscavlar tavicy ____________________________________________
5. matoinic geg ___________________________________________________

endoskeleton heterotroph invertebrate
exoskeleton hydrostatic skeleton vertebrate
6. An animal that has a backbone is called a(n)
___________________________.
7. An animal that obtains food by eating other organisms or their byproducts is
called a(n) ___________________________.
8. A hard, external supporting structure for the bodies of some animals is called
a(n) ___________________________.
9. A fluid-filled cavity under pressure that gives support to soft-bodied animals is
called a(n) ___________________________.
10. An animal that does not have a backbone is a(n)
________________________.
11. A hard, internal supporting structure made of bone and cartilage is called a(n)
___________________________.
Holt Biology 125 Introduction to Animals
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

blastula cleavage gastrulation
In all animals except sponges, the fertilized egg immediately begins to divide. The
first series of cell divisions that occur are called (12) ______________________.
Further cell divisions result in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a
(13) ______________________. Then, the hollow ball of cells begins to fold in to
form a cup shape. This process is called (14) __________________________.

coelom deuterostomes protostome
The cup of cells continues to divide. The open side of the “cup” is called the
blastopore. An animal whose mouth develops near the blastopore, such as a snail,
an earthworm, or an insect, is called a(n) (15) ______________________. In other
animals, such as humans, the mouth develops from cells on the end opposite the
blastopore. These animals are called (16) ______________________. Some of
each of these types of animals develop a(n) (17) __________________________,
which contains and protects the internal organs.
In the space provided, write T if the statement is true or F if it is false.
_____18. An example of a deuterostome is an insect.

_____19. An example of a protostome is an earthworm.
_____20. An example of an animal with a coelom is a human.
Holt Biology 126 Introduction to Animals
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Simple Invertebrates
_____ 1. spicules a. sponge cells that have irregular amoebalike

shapes
_____ 2. spongin b. tiny needles of silica or calcium carbonate that
_____ 3. choanocytes form a sponge’s support structure
c. flagellated cells also known as collar cells
_____ 4. amoebocytes
d. tough, flexible protein fibers found in sponges

cnidocytes nematocyst polyp
medusa planula
5. _______________________ free-swimming larva of a cnidarian

6. _______________________ free-floating body form of a cnidarian
7. _______________________ stinging cells located on tentacles of cnidarians
8. _______________________ sessile body form of a cnidarian
9. _______________________ tiny barbed harpoon in a cnidocyte that is used

to capture prey
nematocyst proglottid
planula pseudocoelom
10. gloptodirt ____________________________________________________
11. mattencosy ___________________________________________________
12. mousepocoled _________________________________________________
13. pullana _______________________________________________________
Holt Biology 131 Simple Invertebrates
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

amoebocyte proglottid
cnidocyte pseudocoelom
14. A cnidarian cell called a(n) ___________________________ contains a
nematocyst that can fire outward to capture prey.
15. A sponge cell called a(n) ___________________________ moves around in
the body wall to deliver nutrients to other cells.
16. A tapeworm body segment that contains a complete reproductive unit is called
a(n) ___________________________.
17. A body cavity between the mesoderm and the endoderm that is not a true
coelom is a(n) ___________________________.
each statement or best answers each question.
_____18. The cnidarian body form called a medusa

a. has tentacles pointing downward.
b. always has its tentacle pointing upward.
c. is the body form of anemones and corals.
_____19. Which cnidarian structure reproduces asexually?
a. planula
b. medusa
c. polyp
_____20. The planula of a cnidarian
a. results from sexual reproduction.
b. is sessile.
c. attaches to the ocean bottom and becomes a medusa.
Holt Biology 132 Simple Invertebrates
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Mollusks and Annelids
foot radula visceral mass
mantle trochophore
Mollusks and annelids were probably the first major groups of organisms to
develop a true coelom. Another feature shared by many mollusks and annelids
is a larval stage called a (1) _______________________ that develops
from the fertilized eggs. The body cavity in mollusks is a true coelom and
usually has bilateral symmetry. Organ systems of mollusks are inside the
(2) _______________________. A (3) _______________________ wraps
around the visceral mass. Every mollusk has a muscular region called a
(4) _______________________ that is used mostly for movement. Many
mollusks have one or two shells, which protect their soft bodies. All mollusks,
except bivalves, have a tonguelike organ called a (5) _______________________.
_____ 6. cerebral ganglion a. external bristles

b. internal wall between segments
_____ 7. siphons
c. primitive brain of an annelid
_____ 8. setae
d. hollow tubes used to carry water to and
_____ 9. septum from gills
Holt Biology 137 Mollusks and Annelids
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Arthropods and Echinoderms
appendages spiracle tracheae
cephalothorax thorax
____________________ 1. structures that extend from the body wall.
____________________ 2. the midbody region (wings grow from here)
____________________ 3. head connected with the thorax
____________________ 4. network of tubes for breathing
____________________ 5. air from outside the arthropod’s body passes
through this opening

chelicerae mandibles spinnerets
Malpighian tubules pedipalps
____________________ 6. waste removal system of arthropods
____________________ 7. appendages modified into pincers or fangs
____________________ 8. appendages modified to catch and handle prey and
insert sperm into a female spider
____________________ 9. appendages that secrete (let out) strands of silk
____________________ 10. chewing mouthparts of subphylum Hexapoda
Holt Biology 141 Arthropods and Echinoderms
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____11. molting a. the physical change of a young insect

into an adult
_____12. metamorphosis
b. stage in metamorphosis during which
_____13. chrysalis a larva becomes an adult
c. a protective capsule
_____14. pupa
d. periodic shedding (getting rid of) the
_____15. caste exoskeleton
e. the role played by an individual in a
_____16. compound eye
colony
f. made of thousands of individual units
_____17. ossicle a. structure that is used to move or grip

surfaces
_____18. water-vascular system
b. part of the endoskeleton of an
_____19. tube foot echinoderm
c. interconnected canals that aid gas
_____20. skin gill exchange and other functions
d. fingerlike structures that provide a
larger surface area for gas exchange
Holt Biology 142 Arthropods and Echinoderms
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Fishes and Amphibians
gill kidney operculum
gill slit lateral line swim bladder
1. The _______________________ is an organ that regulates salt and water balance
and removes wastes from the blood.
2. A fish’s major respiratory organ is the _______________________.
3. The hard plate that covers and draws water over the gills is the
_______________________.
4. The _______________________ _______________________ helps a fish sense
its own position and other objects in the water.
5. The _______________________ _______________________ helps a bony fish
to regulate its vertical position in the water.
6. The opening at the rear of the cheek cavity is called the
_______________________ _______________________.
_____ 7. teleost a. an internal, baglike respiratory organ

_____ 8. tympanic membrane b. separates the atrium into right and left
halves
_____ 9. lung c. a larval frog or toad
_____ 10. septum d. a fish with a symmetrical tail, highly
mobile fins, and thin scales.
_____ 11. pulmonary vein e. carries oxygen-rich blood from the
_____ 12. tadpole amphibian’s lungs to its heart
f. vibrates and sends sounds to the inner
ear
Holt Biology 147 Fishes and Amphibians
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Reptiles and Birds
_____ 1. down feathers a. top part of a turtle shell

b. fluffy feathers that keep birds warm
_____ 2. oviparous
c. bottom part of a turtle shell
_____ 3. ovoviviparous d. females that keep eggs inside the body
_____ 4. contour feathers until shortly before hatching
e. feathers that have many branches called
_____ 5. plastron barbs to keep the feather smooth
_____ 6. carapace f. organisms that produce eggs that hatch
outside the mother’s body

constrictors endothermic talons
ectothermic Jacobson’s organ
7. Birds of prey capture their prey with their_______________________.
8. Snakes that wrap their bodies around their prey to suffocate them are
_______________________.
9. Animals that maintain their body heat internally are _______________________.
10. Snakes smell their environment using a structure called
_______________________.
11. Animals whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of the
surroundings are _______________________.
Holt Biology 151 Reptiles and Birds
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Mammals
echolocation mammary glands
gestation period placenta
1. Structures that produce a source of rich nutrients for feeding young after they
are born are _______________________ _______________________.
2. The time it takes for a baby to develop inside its mother is the
_______________________ _______________________.
3. An organ called the _______________________ lets nutrients (food) and
oxygen go from the mother’s blood into the blood of a developing fetus
(baby).
4. Dolphins make high-pitched clicks that bounce off things, and this is called
_______________________.

hominid monotreme primate
5. A mammal called a _______________________ lays eggs that hatch.
6. A mammal that walks upright on two legs is a _______________________.
7. A mammal that has grasping hands and may walk upright or on all fours is a
_______________________.
Holt Biology 155 Mammals
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Animal Behavior
behavior innate
fixed action pattern learning
1. A(n) _______________________ is an action or series of actions performed
by an animal in response to a stimulus.
2. Genetically programmed behavior (instinct) is often called
_______________________ behavior.
3. Innate behavior is called a _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ when the behavior
always happens in the same way.
4. The development of behaviors through experience is called
_______________________.
_____ 5. conditioning a. an animal’s reaction to something

_____ 6. reasoning b. something in the environment, such
as a sound or smell, that causes an
_____ 7. stimulus animal to react
_____ 8. response c. learning by association
d. drawing a conclusion based on facts
or an assumption
Holt Biology 159 Animal Behavior
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

courtship sexual selection
imprinting territorial
9. Learning that happens during a brief period early in a young animal’s life is
___________________.
10. When a female chooses a mate based on a certain trait or set of traits, she is
showing ___________________ _______________________.
11. When a mating male sets boundaries for other males, he is showing
___________________ behavior.
12. A ritual that helps males and females recognize each other and leads to mating
is known as ___________________ behavior.
each statement.
_____13. A cycle that takes place each day is called a

a. fixed action pattern.
b. response.
c. circadian rhythm.
_____14. Behaviors that help animals find and gather food are called
a. communication.
b. foraging.
c. territorial behavior.
_____15. Seasonal movement from one area to another to find food or a mate is
a. migration.
b. circadian rhythm.
c. territorial behavior.
_____16. Chemicals, touch, sound, and sight are all forms of
a. sexual selection.
b. communication.
c. foraging.
Holt Biology 160 Animal Behavior
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
_____ 1. nervous tissue a. carries information throughout the body
_____ 2. muscle tissue b. supports, protects, and insulates the body

_____ 3. connective tissue c. lines body surfaces
_____ 4. epithelial tissue d. cancer of the tissues that make blood cells
_____ 5. leukemia

bone marrow ligaments stem cells
joint osteocytes tendons
6. Bones of a joint are held together by strong bands of connective tissue called
_______________________.
7. _______________________ _______________________ is the soft tissue that
either makes blood cells or stores energy inside spongy bones.
8. A junction between two or more bones is called a(n) ____________________.
9. Tightly packed mature bone cells are called ____________________.
10. _______________________ _______________________ can become more
than one type of cell.
11. Strips of strong, flexible connective tissue called _______________________
attach muscles to bones.
Holt Biology 165 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____12. epidermis a. layer of connective tissue and fat found

under the dermis
_____13. keratin
b. oil that lubricates the skin
_____14. dermis c. outer layer of skin
_____15. sebum d. pigment in skin cells
_____16. melanin e. layer of skin that contains blood vessels,
hair follicles, and glands
_____17. subcutaneous
tissue f. hard protein found in skin, hair, and nails
One muscle in a pair of muscles pulls a bone in one direction. The other muscle
pulls the bone in the opposite direction. A(n) (18) (tight, flexor, or extensor)
muscle causes a joint to bend. A(n) (19) (flexor, extensor, or loose) muscle causes
a joint to straighten.
Skeletal muscle cells are called (20) (muscle fibers, stem cells, bone marrow).
Each muscle fiber is made of small cylinder-shaped structures called (21)
(sarcomeres, myofibrils, or ligaments). These structures have alternating light and
dark bands when looked at under a microscope. One group of myofibrils is called
a (22) (ligament, tendon, sarcomere).
Two types of protein are grouped together in a sarcomere. Thick protein filaments
are called (23) (actin, myosin, myofibrils). Thin protein filaments are called (24)
(actin, myosin, myofibrils).
Holt Biology 166 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Use the word bank to fill in the blanks.
arteries capillaries cardiovascular
lymphatic veins
The heart, blood, and blood vessels make up the (1) _______________________
system. (2) _______________________ are blood vessels that carry blood away
from the heart. From the arteries, the blood passes into a network of smaller
arteries called arterioles. Eventually, the blood is pushed through to the
(3) _______________________, which are tiny blood vessels. These tiny vessels
allow the exchange of materials between blood and the fluid around cells. After
leaving the capillaries, the blood flows into small vessels called venules. Next,
blood flows into larger blood vessels called (4)_______________________,
which carry blood back to the heart. The (5) _______________________ system
collects and recycles fluids that leak out of capillaries. This system is also
involved in fighting infections.
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
definition.
a. force exerted by blood as it moves through the
_____ 6. ventricle
vessels
_____ 7. atrium b. rhythmic stretching of the blood vessels leading
away from the heart
_____ 8. heart attack
c. when an area of the heart does not get enough
_____ 9. stroke blood
_____10. blood pressure d. when an area of the brain does not get enough
blood
_____11. pulse e. chamber of the heart that pumps blood away
from the heart
f. chamber of the heart that receives blood from
the body and lungs
Holt Biology 171 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Use the word bank to fill in the blanks.

plasma platelets red blood cells
white blood cells
Blood is made up of cells and a liquid called (12) _______________________.

Most of the cells that make up blood are (13) _______________________
_______________________, which carry oxygen. The main job of (14)
______________________________________________
_______________________ is to defend the body against disease. Cell pieces in
the blood called (15) _______________________ play an important role in the
clotting of blood.

alveoli bronchi diaphragm
larynx pharynx trachea
____________________ 16. a long, straight tube in the chest cavity through
which air passes
____________________ 17. two small tubes that lead to the lungs
____________________ 18. the voice box
____________________ 19. a muscular tube in the upper throat
____________________ 20. tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries
____________________ 21. a muscle below the rib cage that drives breathing
Holt Biology 172 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Digestive and Excretory Systems
nutrient calorie excretion digestion
1. _______________________ is the process that rids the body of wastes made
during metabolic reactions.
2. The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use is called
_______________________.
3. A _______________________ is a unit for measuring the energy released
from food.
4. A _______________________ is a substance the body needs for energy,
growth, repair, and maintenance.
definition.
_____ 5. vitamin a. inorganic substances that occur

naturally and are not made by living
_____ 6. mineral things
_____ 7. pepsin b. fingerlike structures that line the
small intestine
_____ 8. villi c. a long tube that connects the mouth to
_____ 9. esophagus the stomach
d. a stomach enzyme
_____10. peristalsis
e. the squeezing of muscles in the
esophagus in a wavelike way that
pushes food to the stomach
f. carbon-based substances that are
found in small amounts in foods
Holt Biology 177 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
definition.
_____11. urea a. a liquid that removes metabolic wastes

from the body
_____12. nephron
b. a sac that stores urine
_____13. urine c. a tube that carries urine out of the body
_____14. ureter d. microscopic structures in the kidneys
that filter blood
_____15. urinary bladder
e. a tube that carries urine from the kidney
_____16. urethra to the urinary bladder
f. a toxic metabolic waste
Holt Biology 178 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
The Body’s Defenses
Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with the term being described.
antigen inflammation mucous membrane
histamine macrophage pathogen
1. _______________________ a disease-causing agent
2. _______________________ makes a sticky liquid that traps disease-causing
agents before they can cause infection
3. _______________________ a protective response that happens in tissues that
have been injured or invaded with disease-causing agents
4. _______________________ a chemical that causes local blood vessels to
dilate (get large)
5. _______________________ a white blood cell that takes in and kills
pathogens
6. _______________________ a protein on the outside of a cell that tells the
body a cell is foreign

antibody cytotoxic memory
B cells helper plasma

7. _______________________ T cells activate other cells in the immune system.
8. Infected cells are killed by _______________________ T cells.
9. Y-shaped proteins that bind specific antigens are _______________________.
10. White blood cells that produce and release antibodies during the first time that
a pathogen invades the body are _______________________ cells.
11. _______________________ fight pathogens outside body cells.
12. After an infection is over, _______________________ cells continue to patrol
the body.
Holt Biology 181 The Body’s Defenses
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term.
_____13. allergen a. long-lasting resistance to a disease-causing agent

_____14. allergy b. a solution that contains dead or weakened disease-
causing agents
_____15. vaccine c. weak antigens that do not make most people sick
_____16. immunity d. an immune response to an antigen that most people do
not react to
sentence or answers each question.
_____17. The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome is

a. AIDS.
b. HIV.
c. SCID.
_____18. Which is caused by a virus that infects and kills helper T cells?
a. AIDS
b. autoimmune disease
c. allergies
Holt Biology 182 The Body’s Defenses
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Nervous System
_____ 1. neuron a. bundle of axons of neurons

b. part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses
_____ 2. dendrite
away from the cell body
_____ 3. axon c. part of a neuron that receives information from
other neurons
_____ 4. nerve
d. nerve cell
_____ 5. action e. difference in electrical charge between the inside
potential and the outside of a cell
_____ 6. membrane f. sudden change in the polarity of a neuron’s
potential membrane
_____ 7. sensory receptor a. layer of specialized cells lining the inner

surface of the eye
_____ 8. synapse
b. chemical that sends nerve impulses
_____ 9. neurotransmitter across synapses
_____10. retina c. neuron that detects sensory stimuli
d. fluid-filled canal in the inner ear that
_____11. semicircular canal helps with balance
e. where a neuron meets another cell
_____12. taste bud a. the body’s main processing center

b. part of the brain that controls balance,
_____13. cochlea posture, and movement
_____14. reflex c. sudden, rapid, and involuntary response
to a stimulus
_____15. brain
d. fluid-filled chamber of the inner ear
_____16. cerebellum that is important to hearing
e. concentration of sensory nerve endings
on the tongue
Holt Biology 185 Nervous System
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

addiction psychoactive tolerance
depressant stimulant withdrawal
17. A drug than can alter the functioning of the central nervous system is called
a(n) _______________________ drug.
18. A psychoactive drug that generally decreases the activity of the central
nervous system is called a(n) _______________________.
19. _______________________ is caused by repeated use of a drug that alters the
normal functioning of neurons and synapses.
20. A psychoactive drug that increases the activity of the central nervous system is
called a(n) _______________________.
21. _______________________ is a set of emotional and physical symptoms
caused by removing a drug from the body of an addicted person.
22. The need for increasing amounts of a drug to achieve the desired feelings is
called _______________________.
_____23. cerebrum a. cable of nerves that goes from the bottom of

the brain through the backbone to just below
_____24. spinal cord the ribs
_____25. brainstem b. largest part of the brain
c. contains sensory neurons and motor neurons
_____26. central nervous
system d. includes the brain and the spinal cord
e. part of the brain that include the midbrain,
_____27. peripheral pons, and medulla oblongata
nervous system
Holt Biology 186 Nervous System
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Hormones and the Endocrine System
_____ 1. hormones a. a cycle of events in which information from

one step affects an earlier step
_____ 2. endocrine glands
b. chemical messages that are made in one part
_____ 3. target cell of the body and cause changes in another
part of the body
_____ 4. feedback c. ductless organs that secrete hormones into
mechanism either the bloodstream or the fluid around
cells
d. a specific cell on which a hormone acts
_____ 5. progesterone a. a hormone that counteracts the effect of

another hormone
_____ 6. antagonistic
b. a molecule that passes a chemical message
hormone
from the first messenger to the cell
_____ 7. second messenger c. a hormone produced by the ovaries
_____ 8. epinephrine a. a hormone that increases heart rate and

blood flow to the muscles and is
_____ 9. norepinephrine responsible for the fight-or-flight response
_____10. androgen b. a male sex hormone that is produced
mainly by the testes
_____11. estrogen c. a hormone that regulates the female
reproductive system
d. a hormone that increases blood pressure
and is responsible for the fight-or-flight
response
Holt Biology 191 Hormones and the Endocrine System
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Reproduction and Development
_____ 1. ovum a. muscular tube that leads from the outside of a

female’s body to the uterus
_____ 2. semen
b. a mature egg cell
_____ 3. menstruation c. a mixture of fluids secreted with sperm
_____ 4. vagina d. the male organ that releases sperm into the
female reproductive system
_____ 5. penis e. the shedding of blood and tissues from the
lining of the uterus through the vagina during
the monthly cycle

epididymis ovary uterus
fallopian tube testis vas deferens
6. The ___________________is the hollow, muscular organ in which an embryo
implants itself and grows.
7. One of the gamete-producing organs of the male reproductive system is a(n)
___________________.
8. One of the passageways through which an ovum moves from an ovary toward
the uterus is a(n) ___________________.
9. The ___________________ is the long, coiled tube where sperm mature and
are stored.
10. One of the gamete-producing organs of the female reproductive system is a(n)
___________________.
11. The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
___________________.
Holt Biology 195 Reproduction and Development
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
statement or best answers each question.
_____12. A developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization is
a(n)
a. blastocyst.
b. embryo.
c. fetus.
_____13. What is the burrowing of the blastocyst into the lining of the uterus?
a. sperm production
b. gestation
c. implantation
_____14. The developing human from the eighth week of pregnancy until birth is
a(n)
a. blastocyst.
b. embryo.
c. fetus.

genital herpes ovulation prostate gland
menstrual cycle pelvic inflammatory disease seminiferous tubule
15. A severe inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes that often
results from an untreated bacterial STI is called ___________________.
16. The release of an egg cell is called___________________.
17. The series of changes that prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy each
month is called the ___________________.
18. One of the coiled tubes inside the male gamete-producing organ where sperm
are produced is called a(n) ___________________.
19. The ___________________ secretes a liquid that neutralizes the acids in the
female reproductive system.
20. One of the most common viral STIs in the United States is
___________________.
Holt Biology 196 Reproduction and Development
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Vocabulary Review
Forensic Science
_____ 1. ballistics a. study of disease

b. study of harmful substances and their
_____ 2. toxicology
effects on the body
_____ 3. pathology c. science that deals with the motion and
impact of projectiles
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 4. Forensic scientists use science to investigate

a. legal matters.
b. only crimes.
c. disease.
_____ 5. A tool that separates chemicals based on their physical properties is
a. luminol.
b. a chromatograph.
c. a spectrometer.
_____ 6. Which tool records how a substance interacts with wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation?
a. chromatograph
b. spectrometer
c. microscope
_____ 7. autopsy a. stiffening of a body after death

_____ 8. rigor mortis b. examination of a body after death
c. settling of blood in a body after death
_____ 9. livor mortis
d. cooling of a body after death
_____ 10. algor mortis
Holt Biology 201 Forensic Science

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Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

1. (Homeostasis, Heredity, or Skepticism) is a questioning attitude.

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

1. A way to prevent a disease is to give (genetics, biometrics, or vaccinations).

_____ 6. genetics a. studies interactions between two

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

Vocabulary Review continued

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

_____ 1. ion a. smallest unit of matter that cannot be

_____ 5. cohesion a. attraction between particles of different

_____ 9. ATP a. long chain of amino acids

Vocabulary Review continued

_____ 15. energy a. substance on which an enzyme works

_____ 19. reactant a. nucleic acid that contains genetic

_____ 24. acid a. measure of how acidic or basic a solution

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

Vocabulary Review continued

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

In the space provided, write T if the statement is true or F if it is false.

_____ 1. population a. the largest population that an environment can

_____ 7. mutualism a. a relationship in which both participating

Vocabulary Review continued

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

carrying capacity parasitism realized niche

16. When a shark eats a seal, ______________________ is taking place.

17. Mutualism and commensalism are two types of ______________________.

19. A characteristic of ______________________ is that these organisms often do

called _______________________ _______________________.

3. When greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere, it is known as the

4. When trees are cut down for timber or farmland, _______________________

_____ 5. fossil fuel a. the process of reusing things instead of using

_____ 9. A gradual increase in the average temperatures on Earth is known as

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

6. A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus is a(n)

7. An organism made of one or more cells that have a nucleus is a(n)

Vocabulary Review continued

_____ 8. small sac formed by a membrane

Circle the term that best completes each sentence.

14. A long, threadlike structure that moves an organism is a (flagellum, vacuole,

16. An (organ, organelle, or endoplasmic reticulum) is made of different tissues and

has a specific function.

18. A single-celled organism that lives connected to a group of identical organisms is

called a (colonial organism, ribosome, or Golgi apparatus).

_____ 1. phospholipid a. difference in the concentration of a

_____ 5. osmosis a. double layer of phospholipids that form the

_____ 9. signal a. acts as a signal molecule within the

_____ 1. ATP a. the process some organisms use to store energy

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

Vocabulary Review continued

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

_____ 1. A segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein is a

_____ 4. chromatin a. a type of protein that aids the packing of DNA

Circle the term that best completes each sentence.

9. DNA is organized and packaged into structures called (genes, chromosomes,

Vocabulary Review continued

11. During cell division, chromatids attach to the (chromatin, centromere, or

Vocabulary Review continued

_____ 7. A male reproductive cell is called a(n)

_____ 1. character a. a form of a character

Name ____________________ Class_Date__________

called _ _.