Logarithmic

Functions
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o
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Learning Outcomes:
Determine the properties of

logarithms.

Distinguish between logarithmic

function, logarithmic equation,

and logarithmic inequality.

Solve logarithmic equations and

inequalities.
 𝒙
𝒚= 𝟐
𝒚
𝒙= 𝟐
𝟐 𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙
𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙
−𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙
 𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 𝒂 =𝒙
𝒂>𝟎 𝒂≠𝟏
 𝒂𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙

Examples: 32 = 9 𝟐 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑𝟗

1 𝟏
−4 −𝟒 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏𝟔
2 =
16

2Τ 3
8 =4
𝟐
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟖𝟒
𝟑
Properties of
Logarithms
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 1 = 𝟎
𝑴, 𝑵, 𝒂, 𝒃 𝒄
𝒂≠𝟏
𝒃≠𝟏
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 𝟏

1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = −𝟏
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝒙

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀𝑁 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑴 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑵

𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 = 𝒙
Properties of
Logarithms
𝑀
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑴 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑵
𝑴, 𝑵, 𝒂, 𝒃 𝒄 𝑁

𝒂≠𝟏
𝒃≠𝟏
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀𝑐 = 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑴

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁,
𝑴=𝑵
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝑴
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑀 =
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒂
 Solving
Logarithmic
Equations
 Example: 𝑥
Example: 𝑥
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟐
 Example: 𝑥

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖)
 Example: 𝑥

𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒙 + 𝟓) + 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒙 − 𝟐) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒙 − 𝟐)

 Solving
Logarithmic
Inequalities
 Example: 𝑥

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟐𝒙 < 𝟐
 Example: 𝑥

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒) ≤ 𝟓
 Example: 𝑥

𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙𝟑 ≥ 𝟏𝟖
 Logarithmic
𝑥‫ > 𝑥׀‬0 𝑦‫ ∈ 𝑦׀‬ℝ
Functions
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙

𝒂𝒚 =𝒙
𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 𝑦 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 𝑎>0
𝑎≠1
 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙

𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙
𝒚=𝒙