Storage Technology Trends

Storage Technology Trends
Foreword
 Data carries information during the transmission on networks. What is the

relationship between information and data? What is the function of data
storage? This course describes the definition of information and data in the
computer field, their relationship, as well as the concept, development
history, and development trend of data storage.
2 Huawei Confidential
Objectives
On completion of this course, you will be able to understand:

 Definition of information and data
 Concept of data storage
 History of data storage
 Development trend of data storage products
Contents
1. Data and Information
2. Data Storage
3. Development of Storage Technologies
4. Development Trend of Storage Products
What is Data
 SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association) defines data as the digital
representation of anything in any form.
Format in which data is stored
Email 0101001010100010000011
1100011100010001110001
1100000111101010100101
Digital music 0101001010100101001010
1001010101001010100010
1010010101001010101010
Digital video
0101010101010010100010
0101001010101010100101
Ebook
0101001010101010100101
0101010010100101001000
1010101001001010010010
Data Types
Semi-
Structured structured Unstructured
data data data
Data Processing Cycle
 Data processing is the reorganization or reordering of data by humans or
machines to increase their specific value. A data processing cycle includes three
basic steps: input, processing, and output.
Input Processing Output
What is Information
 Information is processed, structured, or
rendered in a given context to make it
Processing Information
meaningful and useful.
 Information is processed data, including
data with context, relevance, and
Data
purpose. It also involves the manipulation
of raw data.
Data
Redundancy
Data vs. Information
 After being processed, data can be converted into information.
 In order to be stored and transmitted in IT systems, information need to be
processed as data.
Item Data Information

Raw and meaningless, with no
Feature Valuable and logical
specific purpose
Essence Original materials Processed data
Dependence Data never depend on information Information depends on data
Meteorological data or satellite
Example Weather forecasts
image data
Information Lifecycle Management
 Information lifecycle management (ILM) refers to a set of management
theories and methods from the stage in which the information is generated and
initially stored to the stage where the information is obsoletely deleted.
Data value
Data Data Data Data Data Data

creation protection access migration archiving destruction
Contents
2. Data Storage
What is Data Storage
Storage in a narrow sense Storage in a broad sense
Data Storage System
 Disaster recovery (DR) solutions

 Backup solutions
 Storage management software

Solutions
 Snapshot and mirroring software
 Backup software
 Multipathing software
Storage software
 Storage devices  Connection elements
 Disk array  HBA cards
 Tape library  Switches
Storage hardware  Virtual tape  Cables
library  ……
 ……
Physical Structure of Storage
Hosts
Network switching devices NAS gateway
Storage application
software
The front-end board of
controllers
Cache
Storage
System The back-end board of Storage management
controllers software
Connectors
Disks
Data Storage Types
Internal DAS
Storage SAN
Storage FAS
External NAS
Storage
Evolution of Data Management Technologies
Distributed
Dedicated storage device
storage device
Tape and single

disk
Big data
management
Card and paper Traditional
tape database
File system system
management management
Manual
management
Data Storage Application
Database servers
Users
Application
servers
Email servers
Offline
storage
File servers Online storage Nearline storage
Employees
Classification based on data access frequencies
Data Data Data

generation processing management
Contents
2. Data Storage

 Storage Architecture
▫ Storage Media
▫ Interface Protocols
History of Storage Architecture Development
2000s
1990s • Distributed
• Storage storage
1980s network • Cloud storage
• External
storage
1950s
• Traditional
storage
From Disks to Disk Arrays
Disks in a server Early external storage Storage arrays

Server Server Server
CPU CPU CPU
RAM RAM RAM
Disks Disks Disks
JBOD
Controllers
From Separation to Convergence
SAN NAS Clients Unified

Storage
Server Server
Ethernet
File
system Server
SAN LAN
File
NAS SAN
system
Storage Storage
File
system
Storage
Distributed Storage
 Physical resources are organized using
software to form a high-performance
Front-end
logical storage pool, ensuring reliability service
network Management
and providing multiple storage services. network
 Generally, distributed storage scatters

data to multiple independent storage
servers in a scalable system structure. It
uses those storage servers to share
...
storage loads and uses location servers
to locate storage information. Node Node Node Node
Back-end storage network
Storage Virtualization
 Storage virtualization consolidates the Clients or servers
storage devices into logical resources,

thereby providing comprehensive and
unified storage services. Management
 Unified functions are provided Logical resources
regardless of different storage forms
and device types.
Virtualization
Physical resources
Cloud Storage
 The cloud storage system combines multiple storage devices, applications, and services. It uses
highly virtualized multi-tenant infrastructure to provide scalable storage resources for enterprises.
Those storage resources can be dynamically configured based on organization requirements.
Legacy New
applications applications
Protocol and interface
Converged
Elastic Block storage service File storage service Object storage service
Open Storage device and storage node
Universal hardware platforms
Contents
2. Data Storage

▫ Storage Architecture
 Storage Media
▫ Interface Protocols
History of HDDs
 Larger capacity with the smaller size.
1950s–1960s 1960s–1970s 1970s–1980s 1980s-1990s 1990s-

Giant disk 14-inch disk 8-inch disk Portable Microdrive
IBM 350 RAMAC IBM 3340 Disks started to 5.25-inch 1.8-inch
IBM 1301 enter the civil 3.5-inch Hitachi: 1-inch
market 2.5-inch Toshiba: 0.85-
inch
...
History of SSDs
 Solid-state drives (SSDs) were invented almost as early as HDDs, but were not
popular at that time due to high price and the rapid development of HDDs at
the end of the 20th century.
 With the requirement for high access speed, SSDs are booming.
• Bell Labs
1976 • SanDisk
1999 • Samsung
2010…
• Floating gate • Dataram sold launched flash • BiTMICRO released laptops • Lower costs
transistor Bulk Core. SSDs. launched flash using SSDs.
• Greater capacity
• 2 MB capacity • 20 MB capacity SSDs. • 32 GB capacity
• 18 GB capacity
1967 1991 2006
Development of Flash Memory
Single-level Quad-level cell

cell (SLC): fast Triple-level cell (QLC): larger
read/write and (TLC): mature and cheaper,
long service mainstream applicable to
life technology warm data
Multi-level cell 3D TLC:

(MLC): improve the
moderate storage density
read/write through multi-
speed and layer
service life overlaying
Contents
2. Data Storage

▫ Storage Architecture
▫ Storage Media
 Interface Protocols
Interface Protocols
 Disk interfaces connect disks to hosts.
 Interface protocols refer to the communication modes and requirements that
interfaces for exchanging information must comply with.
Parallel interface Serial interface
History of Interface Protocols
100G NVMe-oF 400G

Ethernet NVMe-oF 1.0 (FC-NVMe) Ethernet
Host interface (RDMA) NVMe-oF 1.1
(TCP) 64G FC
2G FC iSCSI 4G FC 8G FC 16G FC 32G FC
The first-gen FC
protocol was 2004 2008 2012 2016 2017 2018 2020…
released in 1994.
SATA 1.0
Disk interface SATA 3.0
4G FC
SAS 1.0 SAS 2.0 SAS 3.0 SAS 4.0
SATA 2.0
NVMe 1.0 NVMe 1.2 NVMe 1.3 NVMe 1.4
NVMe and NVMe-oF
 NVMe, Non-Volatile Memory Express
 Improve the performance CPU CPU
 Reduce the latency PCIe PCIe
 NVMe-oF, NVMe over Fabrics
SAS Controller
 Potential: low latency and high
SAS Expander
bandwidth
 Purpose: accelerate the data
transmission among the storage NVMe back-end SAS back-end
physical path physical path
network
Contents
2. Data Storage
History of Storage Products
Cloud
Media
HDD SSD
Architecture Trend
Centralized Distributed
All-flash Intelligence
Management
Manual O&M Intelligent O&M
The Intelligence Era is Coming
Steam Age Electricity Age Information Age Intelligence Age
Industry Cloud Service extension

computing AI
Network coordination
Agriculture
+ Data + Intelligence
Internet
IoT
Intelligent production
Service Big data Customization
Challenges to Data Storage
24/7 µs-level
Time-consuming of Always-on Real-time, high-speed
RAID reconstruction services for all processing of production
Service things connected transactions in the 5G era
interruption due
to multiple points
of failure Finance High disk
failure rate Reliable Fast
Gov & Public Large

enterprise
Low data
deduplication and
compression ratio Large Efficient
Carrier Transportation
EB-level TCO reduction

Energy & Electricity Unstable latency
Data monetized as Edge-center-cloud
under high assets and intelligent synergy, minimizing
Inefficient convergence of concurrency storage tiering, the per-bit data cost
block, file, and object turning cold data to and maximizing the
services warm data to mine value
data value
Characteristics of Storage in the Intelligence Era
Storage in the intelligence
era
Intelligent data lifecycle
management
Storage for AI AI in storage
Data convergence
Zero data migration Data collaboration
Convergence of Simplified protocol stack and data-
SAN and NAS storage convergence
Intelligent storage tiering of hot, Compute-storage collaboration, on-
warm, and cold data demand capacity expansion
Multi-service convergence Dedicated hardware and
(block, file, and object) distributed storage
Hardware + Algorithm + Architecture = Efficient storage
Robust reliability Large capacity High performance
Device-level of 99.99999% PB-level to EB-level ms-level to µs-level
System-level of 99.999% Efficient deduplication & Intelligent distributed cache
compression
Solution-level reliability + Cost-effective media, warm and High-speed protocols
Cloud-level DR cold data storage and algorithms
Minimum cost and maximum value for per-bit data
Data Storage Trend
Distributed
storage
Database Cloud
applications Blockchain
computing Storage in AI
Mainframe the
system
Private software
Hyper- Big data intelligenc
Traditional
and hardware
external
converged e era
solutions with infrastructure 5G
fully coupled storage (HCI) General-
computing, purpose
Brain-like
storage, and computing DNA Graph
Tensor computin
network computing computing computing
VM Container g
resources, x86
applicable only to
CXL HCCS
large RoCE/NVMe
organizations
FC IP
SAS IB Quantum dot
PCM MRAM
HDD SSD
Biomolecule Optical storage
Optical Storage Technology
Blu-ray storage Gold nanostructured glass
Long service High 100 GB+ per Low power Long-term 10 TB per
life reliability disk consumption stable storage disk
50 years >>> 600 years
DNA Data Storage
 A small number of synthetic DNA molecules can store a large amount of data,
and can freeze, dry, transport, and store data for thousands of years.
 Advantages of using DNA as storage media:
 Small size
 High density
 Strong stability
 Bottlenecks and limitations:
 High costs of DNA molecular synthesis
 Slow data read and search
Atomic Storage
 In 1959, physicist Richard Feynman suggested that it was possible to use atoms to store
information if they could be arranged the way we wanted.
 Because an atom is so small, the capacity of atomic storage will be much larger than that of the
existing storage medium in the same size.
 With the development of science and technology, arranging the atoms the way we want has
become a reality.
 Bottlenecks and limitations:
 Strict requirements on the operating environment.
Quantum Storage
 Now, information in electronic devices is stored and moved through the flow of electrons.
 If electrons are replaced by photons, the movement of information within the computer may
occur at the speed of light.
 Although the storage efficiency and service life are improved, the quantum storage is still difficult
to be widely applied at present.
 Quantum storage cannot meet the following requirements:
 High storage efficiency
 Low noise
 Long service life
 Operating at room temperature
Storage Network Trend
AS-IS TO-BE
FC SAN and IP SAN Converged AI Fabric network
High network costs: The FC private network has low latency but high Reduced network costs: Open Ethernet carries high-performance, low-
costs. The IP SAN has low costs but high latency and poor performance. latency, and low-cost storage networks.
High O&M costs: IP SAN and FC SAN require dedicated O&M personnel Reduced O&M costs: No dedicated O&M skills are required, and unified
separately, and do not support cloud-and-network synergy network management is supported for data centers.
LAN Flexibility
Eth
Flexibility
No packet loss
NIC NIC
Low latency
FC SAN FC SAN
IP SAN IP SAN
10G Eth
IP FC
16G FC SAN iNIC iNIC
SAN SAN
10G IP SAN
Low cost Low latency
25/100G Eth
History of Huawei Storage Products
2019
2017 First high-end
2015 Huawei OceanStor storage
2013 2nd-gen high- Dorado, fastest
2011 accelerated by AI
end storage all-flash storage
2008 1st-gen high- chips
2006 Launched self- end storage
2002 Launched 2 -nd
developed Interop Best
Released SmartMatrix
Dived into gen FC storage. HSSDs, pioneer architecture Best-in-class of of Show
self-
storage Founded in the all-flash the year Award
developed
technical IP SAN Huawei industry
research Symantec Co.,
Ltd.
Start out Grow Lead
Released self-
Launched developed Distributed Huawei
FC storage virtual storage clustered Launched T OceanStor V3
2003 NAS storage series
2007 unified storage First SAN&NAS Leader in Gartner Industry's first
2009 converged Magic Quadrant full-series Huawei
2012 storage for the first time
2014 NVMe all-flash OceanStor
2016 storage Pacific series
2018
2020
Architecture of Huawei Intelligent Data Storage Products
Storage Database Big data Edge Intelligent data reduction
• AI-based prediction
Intelligent data reduction Intelligent data storage • Intelligent CPU and GPU reduction algorithms
• Deep • Intelligent • CPU/GPU • Intelligent • Intelligent • Intelligent
compression global acceleration tiering prefetch prediction Intelligent data storage
Intelligence prediction • Optimal media combination using technologies
Intelligent scheduling such as intelligent prefetch, data tiering, hotspot
• Container • Heterogeneous computing power • Near-data computing identification, and data caching
+ Intelligent scheduling
CPU
DRA NPU
SCM GPU
SSD • Dynamic management of heterogeneous
computing resources; near-data computing
Memory Fabric scheduling; quick start of containers
Hardware Network Network
chip chip
Memory Fabric: high-performance network centered
All IP on memory
• High-performance network with ns-level latency
Memory SSD
media
• Memory pooling and tiering
media
All IP: extremely low cost of SSD media

• In-depth disk-controller collaboration,
DRAM SCM SLC/QLC QLC/OLC SLC/QLC/OLC evolution
ns µs 50 µs 200 µs • All IP to build an ultra-simplified network
Edge Production Analysis Backup Archive
Quiz
1. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following are data types?
A. Structured data
B. Semi-structured data
C. Unstructured data
D. Massive amounts of data
2. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following statements about storage are correct?
A. Storage refers to disks.
B. A storage system consists of storage hardware, software, and solutions.
C. Storage types include block storage, file storage, and object storage.
D. File storage is used to store data of data applications.
Quiz
3. (Multiple-answer question) Which are characteristics of cloud storage?
A. Convergence
B. Open
C. Elasticity
D. Scale-up
4. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following are the objectives of integrating AI into storage?
A. Simple
B. Efficient
C. High power consumption
D. Easy to use
Summary
Data and Information
Data Storage Storage Architecture

Trend of Storage
Technologies
Storage Technologies Storage Media
Storage Products Interface Protocols
More Information
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Technical Enterprise
Support App Service App
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All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive

statements including, without limitation, statements regarding
the future financial and operating results, future product
portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that
could cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements.
Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose
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Storage Technology Trends

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Storage Technology Trends

 Data carries information during the transmission on networks. What is the

On completion of this course, you will be able to understand:

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

Input Processing Output

Item Data Information

Data Data Data Data Data Data

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

 Disaster recovery (DR) solutions

 Storage management software

Network switching devices NAS gateway

Tape and single

Data Data Data

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

Disks in a server Early external storage Storage arrays

CPU CPU CPU

RAM RAM RAM

Disks Disks Disks

SAN NAS Clients Unified

 Generally, distributed storage scatters

Back-end storage network

storage devices into logical resources,

Protocol and interface

Open Storage device and storage node

Universal hardware platforms

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

1950s–1960s 1960s–1970s 1970s–1980s 1980s-1990s 1990s-

Single-level Quad-level cell

Multi-level cell 3D TLC:

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

Parallel interface Serial interface

100G NVMe-oF 400G

NVMe 1.0 NVMe 1.2 NVMe 1.3 NVMe 1.4

1. Data and Information

3. Development of Storage Technologies

4. Development Trend of Storage Products

Steam Age Electricity Age Information Age Intelligence Age

Industry Cloud Service extension

Service Big data Customization

Gov & Public Large

EB-level TCO reduction

Biomolecule Optical storage

Blu-ray storage Gold nanostructured glass

50 years >>> 600 years

Start out Grow Lead

All IP: extremely low cost of SSD media

Edge Production Analysis Backup Archive

D. Massive amounts of data

B. A storage system consists of storage hardware, software, and solutions.

D. File storage is used to store data of data applications.

C. High power consumption

Data and Information

Data Storage Storage Architecture