BIANCA Slide 1 - Good Day Professor Perla!

We are the Group 5 from class BSBA1d, and we’re here to

present to you our simple historical analysis of the Cavite Mutiny. Please sit back, relax, and we hope
you can appreciate our prepared presentation.

ANGELINA Slide 2 – First, we would like to state the points of our discussion for today. The topics we will
be covering in our historical analysis are, The Happenings in the Cavite Mutiny, , The Spanish and Filipino
Accounts of the Cavite Mutiny, and The Unraveled Truth of this event. Now, let’s dive in to the main
parts of the presentation.

BIANCA Slide 3 – First topic is the Happenings in the Cavite Mutiny. We will discuss what, when, how
and why this certain event happened back then and completely understand the story behind it. But
before we proceed in studying the Cavite Mutiny, let me first explain what the word ‘mutiny’ means. A
mutiny refers a rebellion against authority. This word came from an old verb, “mutine” which means
“revolt”. Now that’s cleared up, let me go to the next part.

BIANCA Slide 4 – In 1872, two major incidents occurred: the 1872 Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of
the three martyr priests, Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).
However, not all of us were aware that separate accounts of the same incident existed. Both Filipinos
must understand the various sides of the narrative, for this incident resulted in another sad and
significant aspect of our history: the execution of GOMBURZA, which was a major factor in the
awakening of nationalism among Filipinos. On January 20, 1872, A small rebellion of 200 Filipino soldiers
and staff at the Cavite arsenal served as justification for Spanish suppression of the emerging Philippine
nationalist movement. In an ironic twist, the harsh reaction of the Spanish authorities eventually helped
to further the nationalist cause. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and the government soldiers executed
many of the participants. On February 17, 1872, the three martyred priests, Jose Burgos, Jacinto
Zamora, and Mariano Gomez were executed by garrote by the Spaniards in Bagumbayan. The execution
of the three priests left a profound effect on many Filipinos including Dr. Jose Rizal who dedicated his
novel Noli Me Tangere to their memory.

MAY Slide 5 – This next topic is about The Spanish Accounts of the Cavite Mutiny. We will discuss
Montero’s account and the official report of Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny.

MAY Slide 6 – According to Jose Montero y Vidal, a Spanish historian, the Mutiny was an attempt to oust
and conquer the Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. The Cavite Mutiny is an attempt by natives to
depose the Spanish government in the Philippines as a result of the abolition of rights enjoyed by Cavite
arsenal laborers such as immunity from tribute and forced labour. The nationalist and republican books
and pamphlets, the lectures and preaching of the missionaries of these revolutionary philosophies in
Spain, the outburst of American publicists, and the barbaric policies of the insensitive governor
appointed by the reigning government. His account centered on how the event was an attempt in
overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines. Montero's account on mutiny was criticized as
woefully biased. Filipinos put into action these ideas where the occurring conditions which gave rise
to the idea of achieving their independence.

ASHLEY Slide 7 – General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez was a Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite
mutiny. He claimed that the mutiny was instigated and planned by native clerics, mestizos, and lawyers
as a protest against the government's injustices such as not paying provinces for tobacco crops, paying
tribute, and enforcing forced labor. It is unclear if Indios intended to establish a kingdom or a republic
because they lack a term in their own language to characterize this distinct type of government, whose
chief will be referred to as "hari" in Filipino. However, it turned out that they would choose a priest as
the supreme of the regime, with Jose Burgos or Jacinto Zamora as the chosen king, which was the
strategy of the rebels who led them and the means they counted on its implementation.

CRISA Slide 8 – Now that we’ve finished discussing the accounts of Cavite Mutiny in a Spanish
Perspective, let’s now go into the Filipino version of this incident’s account. This is the response to
injustices and how they countered the statements made by Spanish historians.

CRISA Slide 9 - Trinidad Pardo de Tavera was a Filipino physician, historian and politician of Spanish and
Portuguese descent. Trinidad, also known by his name T. H. Pardo de Tavera, was known for his writings
about different aspects of Philippine culture. According to him, the mutiny intentioned to deprive the
friars of the power of intervention in the government and of the directions and management of the
university. According to him, friars felt fearful of losing their power in the Government and in education
sector. According to him, the incident was merely a mutiny by native Filipino soldiers and laborers at the
Cavite arsenal who were unhappy with the loss of their rights. Tavera suspected that the Spanish friars
and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a strong lever to topple the Spanish government in the
Philippines by magnifying it as a full-fledged plot involving not just the native army but also citizens of
Cavite and Manila, and most notably, the native clergy. It is worth noting that at the time, the Central
Government in Madrid declared its intention to strip the friars of all powers of interference in matters of
civil government, as well as the direction and management of educational institutions.

ANGELINA Slide 10 – Edmund Plauchut was a French journalist, writer, and traveler. He traced the
immediate cause to a peremptory order from the governor, Izquierdo, levying personal taxes on Filipino
laborers in the Cavite arsenal's engineering and artillery corps and forcing them to conduct forced labor
like common subjects. Before then, these arsenal employees had been excluded from all taxes and
forced labor. The day of the revolution, January 20, was payday, and the workers discovered that the
sum of taxes as well as the equivalent compensation in line of the forced labor had been withheld from
their pay envelopes. According to him, the primary cause of the mutiny was "an order from Governor-
General Carlos to subject the soldiers of the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal taxation, from
which they had previously been excluded." They were supposed to pay a monetary amount as well as do
forced labour known as polo y servicio in order to pay the taxes. The mutiny began on January 20, 1872,
when the workers collected their salary and discovered that the taxes and falla, the fine charged to be
free from compulsory labour, had been withheld from their wages. Various accounts of the Cavite
mutiny have highlighted other possible causes of the "revolution," including the Spanish Revolution,
which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas spread by an unrestrained press, democratic,
liberal, and republican books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines, and, most importantly, the
presence of native clergy who, out of animosity towards the Spanish, were there.

BIANCA Slide 11 – The last topic we will be discussing is the unraveled truth about the Cavite Mutiny.
This will conclude and summarize the historical analyzation of this significant event.

BIANCA Slide 12 - When the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny were compared, some simple facts
remained consistent: First, there was discontent among the arsenal staff and veterans of the native
army after Gen. Izquierdo revoked their privileges; Second, Gen. Izquierdo implemented rigid and
stringent regulations that drove Filipinos away from the Spanish government in disgust. Third, the
Central Government refused to launch an inquiry into what had occurred, instead relying on testimony
from Izquierdo and the friars, as well as public opinion. Fourth, the friars' happy days were already
numbered in 1872, when the Spanish Central Government resolved to deprive them of the authority to
engage in government relations as well as the course and administration of schools, forcing them to
commit frantic steps to expand their stay and influence. Fifth, Filipino clergy members actively engaged
in the secularization movement in order to encourage Filipino priests to seize control of parishes
throughout the region, exposing them to the wrath of the friars. Sixth, Filipinos were active actors at the
time, responding to what they perceived to be injustices; and finally, the execution of GOMBURZA was a
blunder on the part of the Spanish government, as the action severed Filipino ill-feelings and
encouraged Filipino patriots to call for changes and, ultimately, liberation. There are several accounts of
the story, but one thing is certain: the 1872 Cavite Mutiny opened the way for a historic 1898.

ASHLEY Slide 13 - The path to freedom was rugged and difficult to achieve; many patriots, both named
and unknown, shed their blood to gain reforms and independence. The 12th of June, 1898, was a
triumphant day for us, but we do not forget that until we came through to victory, our forefathers
endured a great deal of suffering. If we celebrate our liberties, should we be more historically mindful of
our history in order to have a happier future ahead of us. And, as Elias says in Noli me Tangere, let us
"not forget those who fall during the night."

CRISA Last Slide- That will be all for our group’s presentation. We hope you understood and appreciated
our topic about the Historical Analysis of the Cavite Mutiny as our group also learned a lot while we
were researching about this significant historical event.