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n]vs M s]bf/ ;ª\st]

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kfOg] 7]ufgf M M In UK
Kedar Sanket's address
12 Cripley Road, Farnborough
Hampshire, GU14 9PZ
M In USA
International Nepali Literary Society
1727 Horner Road,
Woodbridge, VA 22191
703-491-1014
Email: info@inls.org
http://www.inls.org
In Nepal
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh
k| s fzs ç uNnL—#), gofF afg]Zj/, sf=g=kf= !)
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL
kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh sf7df8f},+ g]kfn
ISBN: 978-9937-2-2217-4
jfl;Ë6g 8L=;L=,;+oQ
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ATHENCE KO JHARI, A collection of travelogue, Memories-By Kedar Sangket
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dfG5]sf] d"n k|fs[t :jefjnfO{ of] lgofqfn] :kz{ ug]{ k|of; u/]sf]
5 . To;sf] k|df0f xf] —lglif4k|ltsf] dfG5]sf] cfsif{0fsf] of]
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n8, 8n/sf] v]tL gu/ .Ú o:tf gf/f n]v]/ lxF8]sf k|fs[t
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f0fdf, afh| f ;x/df cd] l /sL / a] n fOtL
cg' e jsf] ;Dk| ] i f0fdf
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/ ;dfh ;'wf/df f/df, 3'; g]kfnsf dfG5]n] dfq s] / O6fnLsfn]
klg vfFbf /x]5g\, ljZjs} dfgj hfltn] htftt}, t/ /f]Sg] k|of;
gug'{ ck/fw xf] , h:tf e|i6frf/ tYonfO{ klg ;ª\st] n] ;ª\st]
ug{ 5f]8s] f 5}gg\ . g]tfnfO{, ljsf;nfO{ / /fhgLltnfO{ tLj| Joª\Uo
u/]sf 5g\ ;'wf/sf] lgldQ . 8fof:kf]/fsf kL8fdfkL8fdf, 8fof:kf]/fsf
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lyof] k|ultjfb klg . zAbk|of]uafb htfaf6 kfP klg 3'dfOlbg] .Ú
of] eO/x]s} ;flxTosf/nfO{ ;ª\st] n] ;ª\st] u/]sf] eGg] a'em]+ t/
w]/n
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b]vfpg]x¿nfO{ . t/ o:tf ljljw jfb / ljjfbsf bz{gl;t pgL
kl/lrt ePsf] s'/f lgofqfn] g} k|dfl0ft ub{5 .
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stfstf d c¿ g} a'66\ f eg{ yfN5' . ;fFRr} cfhsnsf] ;d;fdlos
;flxTo slt /ª\uLg xFb' f] 5 xlu . htf tfg] klg tflgg] . 5f]l6g]
klg . sf]N6] km]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ ;flxlTos ljwfn] esfes . eG5g\,
casf pQ/cfw'lgs ;flxTodf x/]skg gf}nf] . If0f gf}nf] . dfG5]
gf}nf] . zAb gf}nf] . k|of]u gf}nf] . afkm/] afkm ;a} gf}nf] . dfG5] klg
gf}nf] . ;fRr} ca t d}n] dfG5] dfG5]df klg gf}nf] b]Vb} 5' .
afafcfdf ;]tfsf] sfnf gfgL hlGdg] . sfnfsf] aRrfsf] v}/f] skfn
x'g] . Pl;ofnLx¿sf aRrfx¿df s'O/f cfFvf, 3'uF l' /Psf] skfn
b]lvg] .
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laxfgLsf] 3fdn] d g'xfP/ g/d ePsf] 5' oltv]/ .
yfnel/ em';L kf/]/ g]kfnL jfª\do ;flxTosf] 8fnfdf .
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jl/kl/df 8fsf] / 8]/f, 8fof:kf]/f, 8G8f h:tf zAb / jfSo
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;'Gb/ ;dfof]hg ePsf] 5 . 8fF8fsf] lzv/ x}g, w'/L x}g, r'nL x}g,
6'Kkf] k|of]u u5{g\ . slt ;'Gb/ ag]sf] 5 of] k|of]u . cfFvfsf 9sgL
vf]lnG5g\ d]/f . slt;Dd lrKn]ls/f aGg'kg]{ xf] .
efiff M jfSo 5f]6f / ld7f 5g\ . lalardf sljtf klg
5g\ . cfnÍfl/s efiff 5 . h:tf] M …l:j6h/NofG8sf /d0fLo
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zAb
zAbdf l6d'ls{P/, t'Ot'OtL, ‰jfDd, 5\jf:; tyf r/// h:tf
zAbsf] k|of]u k|z:t u/]sf 5g\ . cª\uh zAbdf SofDk;fO6,
]| L zAb
6] G 6, Uofª, cf/ o' k| m f] d g] k fn < cflbsf] k| o f] u ePsf]
5 . 8fof:kf]/fdf o:tf] k|of]unfO{ :jfefljs g} dflgG5 .
of] lgofqf ;ª\ux| sf s]xL vf; ljz]iftf 5g\ . != k|To]s
lgofqfsf] k|f/De s'g} g s'g} Ps lgofqfsf/sf] /rgfsf] sf]6; ] gaf6
ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} —8f=uf]ljGb/fh e6\6/fO{, tfgf zdf{ cflb . @=
8fof:kf]/f ef]us
] fn] 8fof:kf]/f a9L ;hLj n]Vg ;S5 / Tof] ljZj;gLo
klg x'G5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cu|;/ u/]sf] . #= a]nfOt, a]lnh /
O/fs dfq x}g g]kfnnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]/ ljljwtf ckgfpg
;kmn ePsf] . $= If0fsf] dlxdf u/]sf] . %= 8fof:kf]/fdf g]kfnLsf]
klxrfgnfO{ lbuf] / hLjGt /fVg jsfnt u/]sf] . oL ljz]iftfn] of]
lgofqf ;ª\ux| ;f/ule{t 5 .
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xf] of] . g]kfnL 8fof:kf]/fsf klg w]/} k|sf/ 5g\ —gy{ cd]l/sfnL
8fof:kf]/f, o'/f]kn] L 8fof:kf]/f, hfkfg]nL 8fof:kf]/f, c:6«l] nofnL
g]kfnL 8fof:kf]/f cflb . oL 8fof:kf]/fnfO{ cGo ljleGg k|sf/n]
klg ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ of] lgofqf ;ª\ux| o'/f]kn ] L g]kfnL
8fof:kf]/fsf] k|ltlglw dfq xf] d eG5', lsgeg] o;df n]vs
a]nfotdf a:5g\ / pgsf] o'/f]k e|d0f / SoflDkËsf lgofqf o;df
u'lF yPsf 5g\ . k|sfzs cg];f; s]Gb| ePsfn] / cg];f;sf] s]Gb|
cd]l/sf ePsfn] o;nfO{ pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] k|sfzg dfg]/ pQ/
cd]l/sfnL g]kfnL 8fof:kf]/fsf] eGg klg ;lsG5 t/ To;f] eGg
x'Gg lsgeg] cg];f; s]Gb| cd]l/sfdf eP klg o;n] ljZjsf] ;a}
g]kfnL 8fof:kf]/fsf] g]tT[ j u5{ . csf]{ s'/f of] a]nfots} g]kfnLn]
n]vs ] f] xf] . To;}n] a]nfots} dfGg'k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 .
h'g;'s} 8fof:kf]/fsf] eP klg g]kfnLsf] ;DklQ xf] .
d"nwf/sf ;dfnf]rssf cfFvf klxn] 8fof:kf]/fdf lyPgg\ , bf]if
pgLx¿sf] klg x}g To; a]nf otflt/ s;}sf] klg cfFvf v'ns ] f]
lyPg . clxn] ldld{/] pHofnf] ePsf] 5 . xfd|f pkGof;sf kfqx¿n]
8fof:kf]/fsf] bb{ af]ss ] f 5g\ . n]vsx¿n] To;nfO{ ;flxTosf]
cfn]v agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ / 8f=uf]ljGb/fh e6\6/fO{, 8f= vu]Gb|
n'O6]n, /fh]Gb| ;'jb] L, 3gZofd sF0f]n, 8f= b]jL ;'jb] L / g]q P6d
h:tf ;dfnf]rsx¿n] oL n]vsx¿sf af/] ;dfnf]rgf n]Vb} v]bf]
vGg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cy{ xf] — g]kfnL 8fof:kf]l/s ;flxTon]
ca g]kfnL d"nwf/sf] ;flxTosf] 5ftLdf jh|kft ul/;s]sf] 5 .
ca p;sf] cl:tTj / a:g] 7fpFsf] a]jf:tf ;don] ug{ lbFbg} .
lsgls ;do ;a}eGbf anjfg\ x'G5 . g]kfnLx¿ ljZju|fddf km}ng'
of] ;dosf] dfu xf] . o'usf] of]ubfg xf] . g]kfnL ;bf g]kfnL g} /
xG5 . ljZjsf] h'g;'s} /fi6«df g]kfnL k'uk] lg g]kfnLn] cfˆgf]
klxrfgnfO{ lbuf] / hLjGt /fvf];,\ g]kfnL ;j{bf g]kfnL /xf];\ eGg]
;ª\st] of] lgofqf ;ª\ux| n] lbPsf] 5 .
xf] d gfy ;' j ] b L

g]kfnL ofqf ;flxTosf] Ps cgdf]n k'ik
Py]G;sf] ´/L
8f= uf] l jGb/fh e §/fO {
e§/fO
w]/} jif{ lat] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ´/L jiff{ gePsf], c;f/
;fpgdf klg w'nf] p8]sf], s[ifsn] wfgsf laof8 l;ª\u} dfof
df/]sf] . o;kfln dfq /fd|f] dg;'g rNof]— t/ n]6 dg;'g . ;fpg
kGw|bl] v /fd|f] jiff{ ef] . k5'jf v]tL nufP . c´ ebf} nfu]bl] v
cfh;Dd} cfFvf p3f/]sf] 5}g . cfsfz ;w}F 8Dd 5, afbnn]
9fs]sf] . af6fx¿ lxnfDd], c´ 6\ofª\nfkmfF6sf] e§/fO{ lgjf;b]lv
ahf/ hfg', cyjf ljZjljBfno k'Ug' c;Dej ePsf] 5 . hLjg
o:t} 5 .
ljB'tLo dfWoddf k/f]If kl/ro ePsf s]bf/n] dnfO{ lgs}
cl3 Psxf/ ofqf lgaGw tof/ ePsf] ;'gfPsf lyP . To;n] dnfO{
ljz]if k|;Ggtf lbof] . geGb} Pslbg pgsf ldq k'ik /fh s]=;L= n]
Py]G;sf] ´/L NofO{ 5f]8]sf lyP . cfh ´/Lafbnn] cfsfz
9fs]sf] 5 . sLlt{k/' df s]xL n]Vg a;]sf] 5' .
afbn cf]n/]{ pkTosfsf 8fF8flt/ ;]tf] km"n l;p/]´F} 5 .
sLlt{k/' 8fF8f] 8Dd 5f]lkPsf] 5 . cfsfz sfn} 5, Psl5gdf
´/L al;{G5 xf]nf . o:tf] a]nfdf d}n] Py]G;sf] ´/L x]g{ yfn]F .
of] ´/L / Tof] ´/Lsf] Ps WjGofTds lgs6tfn] dnfO{ lgDTofO
/x]sf] lyof] . d k9]/ af]Ng n]Vg rfxGy],+ t/ pko'Qm ;dosf] k|tLIff
lyof] .
´/Lsf n]vs s]bf/nfO{ d}n] e]6s
Py]G;sf] ´/L ] f] 5}g . cl3
a]nfotsf] e|d0fdf k'us ] f] ;dodf ljZjf;bLkn] pgsf] w]/k} N6 gfd
lnPsf lyP, t/ e]6 ePg . ;'G5'— oltv]/ ltgL ckmuflg:tfgsf]
s'g} cgsG6f/ k|bz] df ;}Go cEof; ul//x]sf 5g\ . Tof] ;lDeFmbf oL
;|i6f efOk|lt of] x[bodf k|d ] plDnP/ kf]lvg vf]H5 / o;dfly
n]Vg d lgs} xtfl/PF . lgolt 5 Pp6f t/ x[bodf 5 ;flxToÙ aGb's
5 5]pdf t/ snd le/]sf] 5 5ftLdf— s;/L slta]/ n]Vtf x'g\ .
dnfO{ s]bf/n] 5f]P . hLjg / ;flxTosf] ;DaGw sxfF 5 < d]/f] dg
kL8fn] plåUg eof] / ;D´F] tL efO tf]/faf]/fsf] cgsG6f/ kj{tb]lv
slt 6f9f xf]nfg\ < cfhsf] ckmuflg:tfg ljZjslj /jLGb|gfy
7fs'/sf] kfq sfa'nLjfnfsf] b]z h:tf] 5}g . 5 cs{} tflnafgsf] tL
s'g} s7f]/ 7fpFdf n's/] , st} 5]lnP/ n]lv/x]sf xf]nfg\ d]/f s]bf/ .
oltv]/ ;}Go ;flxTosf] s;/L pTkfbg x'bF f]5, of] /fi6«n] a'‰g' kg]{
;do 5 .
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k|frLg ;Eotf s]Gb| lu|;sf] Py]G; k'Ug] / To;af/] ofqf;+:d/0f
n]Vg] d dfq} x'n
F f h:tf] 7fGby+,] t/ s]bf/ efOsf] zLif{s b]Vtf Ps
efUodfgL ;|i6f Tof] e"lddf k'u5 ] g\ eGg] xif{n] d]/f] dg el/of] . Tof]
e"ldsf] e|d0f kZrft\ g]kfnL ;flxTo l;h{g] deGbf klxn]sf dg'hafa'
ld> / kl5sf s]bf/nfO{ ;lD´G5' .
Ps ;sf{] zLif{s kN6fPF— gf}j6f ofqf ;+:d/0fn] el/Psf]
o; ;ª\ux| sf] lgdf{0f cs{} 9ª\u\ n] ePsf] 5 . k|To]s lgaGw cf/De
ug{e
' Gbf cl3 Ps k"jo{ fqfsf/sf] s'g} ;ª\ux| af6 clnslt p4/0f
/fv]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu klxnf] lgaGw 5 kxf83/lt/
nfUbf To;df d]/f]] ;ª\u} a;f}F of] /ft zLif{s ofqf lgaGwsf] Ps
p4/0f /x]sf] 5 . o:tf p4/0fn] n]vsnfO{ dgkg{] gf} hgf lgofqf
n]vsnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
tL gf} n]vs / ltgsf s[ltnfO{ oxfF j|mdzM /fVg rfxG5'M
uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{sf] ;Fªu\ } a;f}F of] /ft
/ftaf6
ljZjf;bLk ltu]nfsf] b]z af]Sg'sf] kL8f kL8faf6
df]bgfy k|l>tsf] ;'Gb/L /ft / ;':s]/fsf cg'xf/ f/af6
w|j' rGb| uf}tdsf]] hd{gLM gofF cfFugdf kfOnf 6]Stf
tfaf6
o'j/fh gofF3/]sf] cgfd kxf8df kmgkmgLkmgkmgLaf6
cd/ g]Djfª lnDa"sf] ;D´gfsf t/]nLx¿ Lx¿af6
bofs[i0f /fO{sf] ;D´gfsf] cflnª\ugdf afFlwP/ wP/af6
ho 5fª\5fsf] laANofF6f] cfsfzsf] w/ftnlt/
w/ftnlt/af6
tfgf zdf{sf] a]nfotlt/ af/flnFbffaf6 .
of] 5gf]6n] cg]s gofF cy{ lbG5— n]vs s]bf/ slt
cWoogzLn /x]5g\ . pgL ;d;fdlos ofqf ;flxTonfO{ slt
glhsaf6 slt k|]dn] kl9/x]sf /x]5g\ . clg g]kfnL ofqf
n]vg slt Hofbf ljljwtfk"0f{ x'g yfn]sf] /x]5 . s]bf/n] /f]hs
] f gf}
s[ltdWo] Ps hgf tfgfzdf{sf] a]nfotlt/ a/flnFbf ´G8} rf/
bzs clwsf] xf] eg] afFsL cf7 s[lt jt{dfg Ps bzs leqsf
cyf{t\ ;dsfnLg e|d0fsf x'g\ .
k/b]z ofqf ;flxTosf] vf]hL ubf{ hª\uaxfb'
uaxfb'/sf] a]nfot
ofqf k|yd xf] eg] nfdf] ;do kZrft\ cfw'lgs ;flxTo / lrqsnfsf
Ps lzv/ n}gl;+x jfª\bn ] sf] e|d0f ;flxTo k|sflzt x'g yfn]sf]
klg cfwf ztfAbL eO;Sof] . xfn} pgsL 5f]/L 8Lgf afª\bn ] / b]jG] b|
e§/fO{åf/f ;Dkflbt d'n'saflxaflx/ d ofqf ;flxTosf] Ps cd/
ufyf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o;n] krf; ;f7L jif{ cl3sf] k|mfG;
a]nfot k|:t't ub{5 . To; kl5sf tfgf zdf{ kl5sf ljho rfln;]
ofbj v/]n cflb x'g\ . t/ jt{dfg Ps bzssf] n]vg / klxn]sf]df
7'nf] cGt/ 5 . cfh g]kfnLdf lgofqf n]vgsf] dfqfTds /
u'0ffTds ult leGg ePsf]] 5 . Tof] s'/f dflysf s[lt zLif{s k9\bf
yfxf x'G5 . g]kfnL n]vgsf] cjl:ylt -nf]sn ] _ cs{} ePsf] 5, kfq
kl/j]z 36gf cs}{ . ljifoj:t' leGgÙ z}nL klg cs{} ePsf]
5 . ;a} cfZrfo{ nfUbf] 5 .
ltg} cfZrfo{ nfUbf ;d"xsf Ps hgf lgofqfsf/ x'g\
s]bf/ . oxfF b]lvG5— gofF n]vgsf gf} hgf ;|i6fdWo] tLg hgf
b]zleqsf lgofqfsf/ 5g\ . uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{, cd/ g]Dafª /
o'j/fh gofF3/] . c¿ ;ft hgfn] k|:t't u/]sf ljljwtfk"0f{ lrq
x]bf{ g]kfnL lgofqf n]vgsf] c;Ld lj:t[lt b]Vg kfOG5 . cfhsf]
b]zsf] eGbf k/b]zsf] ofqfn] Hofbf s[lt hGdfpg yfn]sf] 5 .
oxfFsf n]vsdWo] ljZjf;bLkn] a]nfot, blIf0f cd]l/sf /
Pl;ofnL d'ns ' 8'n,] w'j| rGb|n] hd{gL, bofs[i0fn] k"jL{ Pl;of,
tfgfzdf{n] a]nfot, c¿n] ljljw klZrdL b]z . o;} j|mddf bfdf]b/
k'8f;}gL, ONof e§f/O{, hLjgfy wdnf, O{;fg uf}td, u0f]z /fO{,
/fh]Gb| cof{n klg ljljwtfk"0f{ zlQm lnP/ p7]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL ofqf
;flxTo lrlgg;Sg' ePsf] 5 . ltg} lrlgg;Sg'sf nx/df Ps x'g\
s]bf/ .
jt{dfg ofqf n]vgsf ljljwtf 7DofOg;Sg] 5g\ .
ljZjf;bLk, u0f]z /fO{, s]bf/n] Ps k|sf/sf] ;}Go ;flxTosf] hu
a;fPsf 5g\ . b]jG] b| e§/fO{n] /]lu:tfg 8fo/Ldf k|jf;L g]kfnLsf
hLjg b] v fPsf 5g\ . u0f] z /fO{ n ] , ljZjf;bLkn] g] k fnL
8fo:kf]/fsf] lrq klg ptf/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL hflt oltv]/ ljZjJofkL
ePsf] 5— ;}lgs eP/, sfdbf/ eP/, cfk|jf;L eP/, hflu/] jf
Jofkf/L eP/ Tot}sf] :yfoL gful/s e} 8fof:kf]l/s ;d'bfosf]
;b:o eP/ a]nfotL–g]kfnL, cd]l/sL–g]kfnL, xª\sª]–g]kfnL
eP/ . logLx¿df k|To]s g]kfnL hLjg km/s km/s 5 . bofs[i0fn]
NofPsf], s[i0f k|;fO+n{ ,] d'lQm sfˆn]n,] x]d/fh kxf/Ln], uf]ljGb
lu/Ln], rGb|k;| fb e§/fO{n,] rGb|sfGt cfrfo{n] k|To]sn] a]Unfa]Un}
;+;f/lrq NofPsf 5g\ .
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nfUbf] l:ylt 5 . o;n] b'O{ s'/f atfpg]5 . lzlIft jf ;|i6f g]kfnL
;j{q k'us ] f] 5 . To;}n] Tof] lg/Gt/ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
xl/x/ vgfnsf] rLg e|d0f cfPsf] 5, rGb| e§/fO{sf] kk'cf
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rGb|sfGt cfrfo{sf] cd]l/sL / kf]if/fh rfkfufO+s { f] cd]l/sL e|d0f
cfpg nfu]sf] 5 .
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lelq/x]sf] a]nf s]bf/ cfPsf 5g\ . s]bf/sf] cfudg dnfO{ ck|Tofl;t
h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . t/ pgsf] n]vgz}nL, k|:t'lt / ljifoj:t' b]Vtf
pgL Ps cgdf]n j:t' lnP/ pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ . oxfF tL vfl/Psf
klg .
of] s[lt k9\bf pTkGg ePsf] cfgGb x[bodf tfhf 5 / of]
slxNo} gd]l6g] u/L /x]sf] 5 . a]nfotL–g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/fdf uB
n]vsx¿ w]/} k'lu;s]— O{Zj/ dfgGw/b]lv otf xl/l;+x yfkf,
;'/z
] hª\u zfxL, olta]nfsf u0f]z /fO{, bofs[i0f /fO{, hof /fO{,
ev{/} s[lt ljdf]rg u/]/ hfg] lasnrGb| cfrfo{ of] x]bf{ a]nfotL–
g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/fsf] :jtGq cWoog ug{ k'Ug] uBsf/ cfPsf 5g\Ù
uB cfPsf 5g\ .
hof /fO{sf] syf;ª\ux| k|tLIff/t 5 t/ cfh d s]bf/d}
;dlk{t 5' .
lsgls s]bf/sf] n]vfOn] afFw/] NofPsf] 5 . pgL cfˆg}
hGde"ldsf] ofqfaf6 cf/De ub{5g\ kxf83/lt/ nfUbf nfUbfaf6 .
s7df8f},+ nfdf];fF3,' bf]nvf, lh/Lsf] ofqf x[bon] cfˆgf] df6f]nfO{
cToGt} ;"Id leqL cfFvfn], dfofn], k|d ] n] leh]sf] a]nf ctLt;Fu
ufFl;Psf] k|To]s x]/fO{ s;/L 5'g] 5 of] lgaGw M af/Ldf kmn]sf
cf?sf /ftfDd] km"nx¿ / /ftf] df6fn] ag]sf 3/x¿n] kfl/kl§sf
kfvfx¿df a'§f´} nfUYof] . vf]nfsf] ;ª\nf] kfgL uGtJoljxLg ofqL
h;/L aUb} lyof] . ‰ofn vf]n/] cf¿sf km"nx¿sf] s]xL dfqfdf eP
klg af:gfsf] ;sf{] lnof}+ xfdLn] . a; rf/vfnsf] hª\un /
vf]N;fx¿ l5rf]Nb} x'OlF jFmb} lyof] .
 c¿ afFsL cf7 ofqf cGo e"ldsf 5g\, cg]s e"ldsf,
ljljwtfk"0f{ cg'el" tsf ;/n / ;'Gb/ . s'gd
} f Ps abL{wf/L e}
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;w+} Pp6f tLI0f lg/LIfs cjl:yt 5, To;nfO{ JoQm ug{] lzi6
z}nL 5 . To;}n] pgnfO{ n]vfPsf] 5 .
O6nLsf kxf8df k'Ubf uf]vf{nLsf :df/s x]g{] OR5f ePsf
s]bf/ ha cGo b]zsf] ;d'Gglt b]V5g\ cfˆgf] b'ul{ tsf] ;D´gf
ub{5g\ . g]kfnL klg ;fob To:t} pGgt x'g ;SYof], t/ ;s]g, b]z
kl5 5 . cfˆgf] b]z kl5 kgf{sf sf/0f ;f]r/] pgL b'Mv JoQm
ub{5g\ M l;ª\ufk'/eGbf sdL nfu]g oxfFsf af6f3f6f dnfO{ . ;f]rF]
x}g xfd|f] g]kfn klg of] eGbf sdsf] 5}g k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{df . ;a}
s'/f d]xgt / ljsf;sf cfof]hgfdf lge{/kg{] s'/fx¿ x'g oL t .
l:j6h/NofG8 klg ;a} ;dyn e"uf]nn] ;d]l6Psf] 5 / oxfF ´g\
g]kfnsf] eGbf ljs6 kxf8, kj{t / le/kfvfx¿n] el/Psf 5g\ .
le/fnf kfvfx¿df g} dgUu] v]tL–kftL nufPsf 5g\ . oL ;a}
s'/fx¿ ljsf;sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;+/rgf, cfly{s nufgLdf sd
r'xfj6 / ;f] b]zsf hgtfsf] OdfGbf/Lkg xf] of] .
efjgf / sf]dntf ldl;Psf] s]bf/sf] uB sltj]nf ;'Gb/
slj nfU5 Py]G;\sf] ´/L
´/Ldf Ps pbfx/0f x]/f}F M
– d ha l;GtfUdfsf] pBfgdf cf]nG{ 5'
– l;GtfUdf ;x/ oltv]/ klg ?l´/x]sf] b]V5' g]kYodf .
– lqm;d;df oyfjt\ /flvPsf s[ l qd w" k Lsf ¿vx¿
?l´/x]5g\ .
– hflkof Kofn]; ?l´/x]5 .
– af]6flgsn au}r+ f ?l´/x]5 .
kxf8x¿ qmdzM dfgfl:t/fsL, sf]nfgfsL / Nofsfj]6;
' klg ?l´/
x]5g\ . ?l´/x]5 a8]dfsf] ejg Py]G; .
– kfln{ofd]G6 xfp; ?l´/x]5 .
– d t ´g\ To;} ?l´/x]5' .
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leh]sf] 5 . Pp6f pbfx/0f M Ps} l5gsf] u8\Øfª\u8' ª' n \ ] w'n] ;8s
leh]/ lxnfdf kl/0ft . Nof;Nof:tL k/]sf /ftf lrD6]df6fsf] /hfO{F
. clg t xfd|f lrNnf uf8Lx¿ lxn]df5f h:tf Noft]Koft] eP
Ps}l5gd} . 3/L tNnf] 5]p, 3/L kNnf] t slxn] cyfx kfgL ePsf]
vfN6f]lt/ ntkltg yfn] a8f] l5lNnFbf] kf/fn] . ;'/z ] hLnfO{ a9f]
sl7g ef] sG6«fn ] df Nofpg . d eg] lrpFlrpF x'bF } kfvfsf pd]s | f
zKt OGb|0] fLnfO{ s}b ug{ Sofd/fsf] 9sgL k'5g\ yfn]F . ;fyLx¿ 3'g{
yfn] lrl8ofvfgfsf lrt'jf 3'/] ´}+
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pbfx/0fLo / ljlzi6 s'/f oxfF lbPsf 5g\ .
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– xfd|f] g]kfndf h:tf] uf]7fnfsf] oxfF cfjZostf b]lvgF d}n] .
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k'uL a;]sf g]kfnL 8fof:kf]l/s ;d'bfosf] hLjg ´NsfpF5, ;Dk"0f{
aflx/L r]tgf / k|ultsf] g]kfnl;t t'ngf 5, ;j{q /fd|fs ] f] sfdgf
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a;]sf] 5 cfˆgf] hflt ;D´]/ n]vsdf b]lvPsf] k':tsk|d] , ljåfg\kl| tsf]
cfb/ nfn /fkrf/fkrfdf 5 . 7fpF7fpF k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf s'/fdf
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o;/L M xfdL klg bza;{] hg o'4n] pFwf]ultlt/ ws]ln+b}
5f}+ . ´g\ cfh cfP/ b]zn] cs{} ljs/fn o'4lt/ ws]Nb}
u/]sf] Plsg ul//x]5' d . lnË, j0f{ / hfltTjnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/
cufl8 a9\g' lgd'vf hgtfnfO{ lzIffdf pGd'Qm u/fpg'eGbf klg
laTyfsf] /ut pDng] efif0fn] ;f]´f g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf] dgnfO{
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d]/f] . s] cj xfdL d'l:nd / lxGb", a'l4:6 / ls|l:rPg cyjf hft
/ hfltTjnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ n8fO{F n8\g] ls b]z ljsf;sf] nflu
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n]vs w]/} 7fpF ;}lgs kf];fsdf 5g\, t/ hxfF k'uk] lg
;|i6fsf] dg / efjgf lnP/ k'us] f 5g\ . pgn] u/]sf] ckmuflg:tfgsf]
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hut\sf] s'/f 5 .
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– bfofFafofF ;8ssf k]6Lx¿df t}gfy u/]sf ;}lgsx¿ .
sDd/df gfOg ldlnld6/ lk:tf]n . sfFwdf Ps] kmf]6L{
;]e]g aGb's . sDd/sf] kf]r];df ^=&@ uf]nLsf Dofuflhg .
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xf];, u]6sf] cufl8 cfP/ O/fsL l;kfxL plePkl5 ;af/L g;s'Gh]n
s;}sf] s]xL gnfUg] . xfdL klg /f]lsG5f}+ . kl;gf r'x] t////
lhpel/, kfs]sf] sfutL lgrf]/] ´}+ . lar/f xfdL . 7'6] 6'l/:6sf]
xl/lahf]u s:n] b]Vg] . g]kfnL ;flxTodf s]bf/sf] k|jz ] nfO{ Ps
dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f 7fGb5' . pgsf] n]vg ;/n, ;/; ;flxlTos sf]dntfn]
lgld{t 5 . cTolws g]kfnL ;|i6f ljZjlt/ 5l/P/ cg]slt/ ;"rgf
NofO/x]5g\ . g]kfnL jfª\donfO{ c´ ;DkGg agfO/x]sf 5g\ .
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] dxŒjk"0f{ sd{ u/]sf] 5 .
xf]dgfy ;'ab] L / bofs[i0f /fO{sf] cToGt} ;'Gb/ ljZn]if0f / JofVofn]
lgaGwsf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;flxTo pQ/
cfw'lgs kl/j]zsf] lj:t[lt 5 . o;n] ljljwtfk"0f{ l:yltsf] :jfut
u5{ . 8fof:kf]l/s Ps xf], o'4 ;flxTo csf{] xf] . a]nfotL g]kfnL
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gfd lng rfxG5' . ca gofF ;dosf] / ;flxTosf] cWo]tfn] yKg]
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n]vg cyf{t\ of] uB z}nL .
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lh1f;f c´} 5 . Ps ;kmn lgaGw o:t} x'G5 .
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leqsf] n]vssf] Tof] cfj/0f Tof] xf]Og t/ n]vs ToxfF klg ´'s/]
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;]jfdf ;dlk{t, leGg e"uf]nsf, ;+:s[ltsf, k|sl[ tsf, Oltxf;sf
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g]kfnL ;flxTodf n]vgsf] Ps leGg ljwf 5 o'4 ;flxTo .
k| : t' t s[ l t Py] G ;sf] ´/L´/Lleq aGb' s n] 5] l nPsf] , slxn]
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ljleGg d'ns ' e|d0f u/]/ ;Fufn]sf cg'ejx¿, ;+:d/0fx¿ clÍt ePsf
5g\ . Pp6f ljb]zL ;}Go ;]jfdf /x]sf] g]kfnLsf] sdnf] / efj's dgn]
/r]sf oL l;h{gfdf g]kfns} ;'jf; cfpF5 . g]kfnLs} x[bo af]ns
;'lgG5 . ;'Gb/ g]kfnL k|sl[ t / ;+:s[ltsf] 5fkn] lgld{t g]kfnL x[bosf]
k|ltlaDa emNs]sf] b]lvG5 . pgsf ofqf lgaGwn] h'g;'s} g]kfnLnfO{
klg uf}/j / uj{ ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf lgaGwn] ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnL hfltsf ljz]iftf Jol~ht u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn eg]kl5 x'?Ss x'g,]
g]kfnsf] pGglt, k|ult / pHHjn eljio b]v/] /dfpg] ;Rrf g]kfnL
;k"tsf] c;nL cg'xf/ oL lgaGwn] k|ltlalDat u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf
lgaGwsf] efsf g]kfnL 5, pgn] k|of]u u/]sf] g]kfnL efiff hlt
8fof:kf]l/s 5, Tolt k'an {] L g]kfnL eflifsfsf] ;'uGwn] ;'jfl;t klg
5 . ;Í]tsf] efiffz}nL ;Í]ts} h:tf] 5 . o;sf] t'ngf s;};uF ug{
ldNb}g . o:tf] ;'Gb/ s[lt lnP/ g]kfnL ;flxTodf pbfpFb} u/]sf
s]bf/sf] d x[bob]lv g} :jfut ub{5' / dnfO{ k'/f ljZjf; 5 s]bf/sf
s[ltsf] :jfut ;a} g]kfnL kf7ssf dgn] cjZo ug]5 { .
] f]
…Py]G;sf] em/LÚdf ?em]kl5
lkm/Gt] 9'Ë] o'ub]lv clxn];Ddsf] Oltxf; cWog ug]{ xf]
eg] dflg;x¿ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF :yfgfGt/ x'bF } rnfodfg
cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;a}eGbf klxnf dflg;sf] pTklQ clk|msfdf
ePsf] ls+jbGtL ;'Gg kfOG5 eg] cfw'lgstflt/ nlDFsb} uPkl5
sfnfGt/df dflg;x¿ ;+;f/el/ g} 5l/P/ a;f]af; ug{ k'u] .
k|f/lDes r/0fdf Pl;of / o'/f]k k|jz ] ubf{ a]Unfa]Un} juL{s/0f
ul/P klg dflg;sf] k'vf{ clk|msfsf] lrDkfGhL xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{
ljsf;jfbsf k|ltkfbs rfN;{ 8flj{gn] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L
dflg;sf] ljsf; x'g] qmd;Fu} hxfF–hxfF k'u] ToxfFsf] kof{j/0fLo
k[ySstfsf] k|efjn] ubf{ g} ltgLx¿sf] ¿k /Ëx¿ kl/jt{g x'bF }
uPkl5 g} Zofd, Zj]t / kLtj0f{df ljeflht ePsf] x'g ;S5 . t/
xfdL slxn] sfxLF ;f]d/;n] n¶ k/]/ e§Ldf ts{ ub}{ rfN;{ 8flj{gsf]
ljsf;jfbnfO{ lvNnL p8fP/ elg/x]sf x'G5f}MF xfdL afFb/sf ;Gtfg
xf}+ eg] kz'kltsf afFb/x¿ lsg dfG5] gePsf < olb clk|msfdf
xfd|f k'vf{sf] pTklQ ePsf] xf] eg] xfdL klg Zofd j0f{sf] lgu|f] g}
x'gk' g]{ lyof], lsg ePgf}F < pka'hs|' eP/ asDkm';] o:t} o:t} ts{
ljts{ u/]/ xfdL slxNo} yfSb}gf}F . t/ rfN;{ 8flj{gn] afFb/sf]
ljsl;t ¿k g} dflg; xf] eGg] tYo k|df0f h'6fpg ljZjel/ g}
kl/qmdf u/]/ ljleGg b'ne { cjz]ifx¿ km]nf kf/]sf lyP .
k/fk"js
{ fnb]lv g} 3'dGt] lkm/Gt] dflg; qmdzM 3'dlkm/
ubf{ub}{ cTofw'lgs o'ult/ k|jz] u/L xjfO{ofgsf] cfljisf/ u/]/
;'ne tl/sfn] ljleGg b]zsf] 3'dlkm/ ug{ ;Ifd eP . 8flj{gn] em}+
cGo a} 1 flgsx¿nfO{ klg ljljw ljifosf] cGj] i f0f
u/L b:tfj]h ;ª\sng ug{ klg ;j{;n ' e x'g k'Uof] / n]vsx¿sf]
nflu rflxF h'g b]zdf k'Uof] ToxfFsf] hghLjg, k/Dk/f, efiff,
;+:s[lt, jftfj/0f, ef}uf]lns agfj6 / ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts 56fx¿
;d]6/] Pp6f dxŒjk'0f{ lkm/Gt] b:tfj]h tof/ kf/]/ To; 7fpFdf
gk'us ] f kf7snfO{ 3/ a;L g]kfn b]vfpg] k/Dk/f rNof] . g]kfndf
slxn]bl] v ofqf;+:d/0f n]Vg] k|rng cf/De eof] < Tof] dnfO{ olsg
geP klg d}n] k9]sf] klxnf] ofqf ;+:d/0f n}gl;+x afªb]nsf]
:k] g sf] ;Demgf xf] / To;kl5 tfgf ;df{ s f] a] n fotlt/
a/flnFbf / kftfn k|jf; x'g\ . oL ;+:d/0ffTds k':tsx¿
k9]kl5 dnfO{ klg o; ljwfn] cToGt} cfslif{t u¥of] / cGttM d}n]
klg hfkfgsf] d]/f] ;ft jif{sf] a;fOsf lttf ld7f cg'el" tx¿nfO{
…;Demgfsf] cflnª\ugdf afFlwP/Ú zLif{sdf kf7sx¿ ;fd' kl:sg]
k|/] 0ff log} cu|h ;|i6fx¿af6 g} ldNof] .
oxL qmddf k]ml/ cfÏgf] lkm/Gt] b:tfj]h lnP/ cfOk'us ] f
5g\ lgofqfsf/ s]bf/ ;ª\st] . d}n] o; ljwfnfO{ lkm/Gt] b:tfj]h
lsg elg/x]sf] 5' eg] h;n] k':ts k9\5 pm To; 7fpFdf gk'u] klg
pQm 7fpFaf/] kof{Kt 1fg lbg ;Sg] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{{ b:tfj]h xf]
ofqf ;+ : d/0f . ofqf ;+ : d/0f dfq} geP/ o; ljwfnfO{
cfTd;+:d/0f klg eGg ;lsG5 . n]vsn] ToxfF ef]us ] f ld7f cg'el" tx¿
dfq} ;d]6/] n]Vgfn] kf7ssf nflu p8Gt] l6kf]6 dfq} x'g5 ] . ljZj
e"d08nLs/0f / cTofw'lgs pRr k|ljlwn] ljZjsf] h'g} s'gfdf
ePklg ToxfFsf] j:t'l:yltsf] af/]df sDKo'6/sf] dfp;sf] Ps} lSnsn]
e|d0f ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] ToxfFsf] ;fdGo ljj/0f dfq}n] kf7snfO{
cjZo lkmSsf nfUg ;S5 . n]vsn] d kfq ag]/ cfk"mn] ef]us ] f
lttf cg'e"tLx¿ / cfk"mn] u/]sf gsf/fTds sfo{x¿ klg
OdfGbfl/tf;fy lrqsf/n] Sofgef;df lrq ptf/]em}+ h:tfsf] t:t}
ptfg{ ;Sg] ;fx;sf ;fy kf7s ;fd' pleg ;s]g eg] kf7ssf]
dgdf cjZo lh1f;f p7\g] 5 . To; 7fpFdf /fd|f s'/fx¿ dfq}
5g\ < n]vsn] ToxfF k'u/] /fd|f s'/fx¿ dfq} pkef]u u/] < ToxfF
gsf/fTds s'/fx¿ 5}gg\ < eGg] k|Zgx¿n] kf7ssf] dg dl:tisnfO{
layf]ln/xG5 . n]vsn] oyfy{tfsf] w/ftndf pleP/ cfTd;dLIff
u/]/ kf7ssf] dg lhTg w]/} s;/t ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] of] ljwf cGo
ljwfx¿ eGbf hf]lvd xf] ls eGg] dnfO{ clxn] efg eO /x]sf] 5 .
x'g t ;a}n] ;+:d/0f ljwfnfO{{ Pp6} ;+/rgfdf n]Vg'k5{ eGg] d]/f]
egfO xf]Og . h;/L ePklg k/Dk/fut z}nL / ;+/rgfnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg'eGbf klg kl/is[t u/]/ h'g ljwfsf] qmdeË u/]/
cfˆgf] 5'§} klxrfg :yflkt ug{ rfxG5g\ ;a} n]vsx¿ .
o;/L k/Dk/fut z}nL / ;+/rgfnfO{ tf]8/] cfk"m cufl8 a9\bf To;
ljwfnfO{ cfk"mn] slt Gofo ug{ ;s]sf] 5' eGg] s'/fdf klg TolQs}
Wofg /fVg' ckl/xfo{ b]lvG5 .
ha d}n] s]bf/ ;ª\st] sf lkm/Gt] b:tfj]hsf] kf08'lnlk
k|fKt u/]+ / gh/ nufpg yfn],+ cfkmgf] df}lns /rgfeGbf dflyNnf]
efudf cGt} st}af6 pl5l§P/ crfgs a;]em}+ b'O{ rf/ x/km
zAbx¿df d]/f] cfFvf 6Ss cl8of] d s]xL a]/ c;d~h:odf k/]F .
t/ Tof] t lgofqfsf/nfO{ dg k/]sf cGo lgofqfsf k':tsaf6
5gf}6 u/]/ /flvPsf cleJolQmx¿ /x]5g\ . d}n] lgofqf ljwfdf
Pp6f gofF k|of]u kfPF . dfly /flvPsf x/kmx¿ / tn n]lvPsf
lgofqfsf] ljifoj:t';uF s'g} cGtM;DaGw g/x] klg of] gofF k|of]un]
;|i6fn] ;|i6fk|lt ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ eGg] l;4fGtnfO{ phfu/ u/]sf]
5 . csf]{ t kf7sdfem k':tssf] pTs[i6tf / n]vssf] ljlzi6tfnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fP/ ;|i6fnfO{ dfly p7fpg k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . x'g t
s]bf/hLn] ;d]6s ] f ;a} h;f] ;|i6fx¿ jl/i7 ;flxTosf/x¿ g} eP
klg ;a} g]kfnL kf7s;Dd k'Ug cjZo klg ;Dej 5}g . o;af/]
d}n] jl/i7 g]kfnL n]vsnfO{ klg kf7ssf] v8]/Laf/] ;do ;dodf
n]Vb} cfO/x]s} 5' / slgi7 n]vssf] af/]df t s'/} gu/f}+ . h] xf];\
s]bf/ ;ª\st] n] h'g gofF k|of]u NofPsf 5g\, o;n] g]kfnL afª\dodf
csf]{ gf}nf] rf:gL yk]sf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
ca eg] d kf08'lnlkdf lg/Gt/ cfFvf bf}8fpg yfN5' .
la|l6; uf]/vf ;]gfdf ;]jf/t x'bF f k'Ug] cj;/ gkfPsf] a]lnhdf
lgofqfsf/;Fu} ljr/0f ug{ yfN5' . ljz]if u/]/ a]lnhsf] P8e]Gr/
6«l] gªdf af]8a{ f6 kfgLdf v;]/ af]8s { f] OlGhgn] sf6]/ Ps hgf ldq
;Vt 3fOt] ePsf] ;+:d/0fn] d eml:sG5' / b'O{ bzscl3 xjfO{
6fk'df ;}lgs cEof;df hfFbf cd]l/sg dl/g;Fu l:k8 af]8d
;d'bs | f] e|d0f ubf{ d]/f] ;ftf] p8]sf] lyof] . k|To]s b'O{ ltg ldg]6sf]
cGt/fndf ljzfn kxf8 h:tf 5fnx¿ xfd|f] ;fd' cfOk'Ug] ub{Yf] .
5fnsf] dfly dfly :kL8af]8a{ f6 plk|mP/ tn v:bf 5fFufaf6 v;]
em}+ kfgLsf] ;txdf tn k5fl/P/ Hofg kfs]sf] cfFke}mF lynlynf]
ePsf] lyof] eg] To;a]nf rflxF xfdL d'bf{df kl/0ft ePsf lyof}+ .
sl/a b'O{ 306fkl5 lsgf/df cjt/0f ePkl5 dfq} xfdLn] ;f;
km]¥of}+ . ToxL d]/f] ;DemgfnfO{ cfnf] agfOlbof] a]lnh ofqfn] .
s]bf/ ;ª\st] n] laBfyL{sfnsf] sf7df8f}bF l] v cfˆgf] ufpF
/fd]5fksf] ;+:d/0f klg o; ;ª\ux| df ;d]6s] f 5g\ . sf7df8f}aF f6
af6f] nfu]kl5 hlt cfkmgf] ufpFsf] ;fdLKonfO{ l5rf]Nb} hfG5g\
plt plt k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] pgsf] dg cXnflbt ePsf] :ki6
¿kdf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . w]/} ;dokl5 l:gUw uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfnnfO{
b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ kfpFbf emg} pgL efj's x'G5g\ . lh/L /
uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfnsf] ljj/0fn] k]ml/ snfsf/ ;fDb] z]kf{sf] ofbnfO{
d]/f] cfFvf cufl8 emnemNtL k|ltlAlDat u/fO lbof] . ;g\ !(((
;fndf d hfkfg x'bF f snfsf/ ;fDb] z]kf{n] k|x;g cf/De ug'{ eGbf
klxnf, 5f]6f] cfkmgf] kl/rofTds b'O{ x/kmsf] d'Qms eg]sf lyP .
uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfnsf] sfv}df 5 lh/L d]/f] ufpF .
snfsf/x¿dWo] d klg Ps x'F ;fDb] d]/f] gfpF .
k|ltefjfg\ JolQm ;fDb] z]kf{n] cfkmgf] d'Qmsdf j0f{g u/]sf
lh/L / uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfn, s]bf/ ;ª\st] n] klg cfkmgf] ;+:d/0fdf
j0f{g u/]sfn] s]xL aif{bl] v a]kQf snfsf/ ;fDb]sf] cfs[lt d]/f] ;fd'
6Ss plePemF} nfUof] . o;/L hlt k9\b} uof] ;ª\st] sf ;+:d/0fn]
d]/f ctLtsf kfgfx¿ klN6Fb} uP . O6fnLsf] P]ltxfl;s :yn
{ f
;gdfl/of]df uf]vf{nLsf] :df/sdf k'u/] ^!* hgfdWo]df !& hgf
uf]vf{nLnfO{ tYofÍljxLg cj:yfdf /flvPsfn] lgofqfsf/sf] dgdf
cldnf] pTkGg x'G5 . :df/sdf tYofÍ gePkl5 a]nfotL ;fd|fHosf]
nflu Hofgck{0f u/]sf tL jL/ ;k"tx¿sf] kl/jf/n] cjZo klg
s'g} v'6va/ kfPgg\ . pgLx¿ cem} cfˆgf 5f]/fx¿ cfpnfg\ eg]/
k|ltIff ul//x]sf xf]nfg\ . h;/L zflGtdfof lnDa" bf];f| ] ljZjo'4df
uPsf] cfˆgf] v;d cem} klg kms]{/ cfpg] cfzfdf k|tLIff
ul//x]sL l5g\ To;} u/L t8lk /x]sf xf]nfg\ / g} lgofqfsf/n]
v'n:t ¿kdf o;/L eg]sf 5g\M o:tf jL/x¿sf] gfdfjnL
vf]hLlgtL ug{' /fi6« nufot Oltxf;ljb\x¿sf] cfjZostf
b]lvG5 . u/]s} eg] b]lvGg . xf] xfdL cˆg} /fi6« / ;fd|fHojfbL
a]nfotb]lv lg/Gt/ pk]lIft x'bF } cfO/x]s} 5f}+ . of] b'j} b]zsf] bfloTj
xf] . dfly pNn]v ul/Pem}+ klxnf] / bf];f| ] ljZjo'4df jL/ult k|fKt
ug]{ tYofÍljxLg uf]vf{x¿ xhf/f}+ 5g\ . oL tYofÍlaxLg jL/
uf]vf{x¿nfO{ o'4 kZrft\ s's'/ d/] ;/x s'g} vf]h gu/L,
kl/jf/nfO{ ljgf vj/ s'g} IflQk"lt{, e/0f kf]if0f gu/L lgw{Ss a:g'
eg]sf] dxfck/fw xf] . s]bf/ ;ª\st] n] o; P]ltxfl;s :yndf k'u/]
>4fsf] km"n r9fP/ tL xfd|f k'vf{x¿sf] d[tfTdfn] ;Gt'li6 t
kfP g} xf]nfg\ . xfdL kf7s klg ToxfF k'u/] Ps y'Ëf >4fsf] km"n
r9fpg kfP tL cfTdfx¿nfO{ cem} ;Gt'li6 ldNYof] ls <
uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfnsf] sfvdf x's]{sf] l76f] O6fnLsf]
8f]nLld6Lsf kxf8sf] Gofgf] cfltYodf kfPsf] dgf]/d b[Zon] dGqd'Uw
agfPsf] cg'el" tnfO{ pgsf] snfTds cleJolQmn] kf7snfO{ klg
pgL;Fu} To; 7fpFsf] ljr/0f u/fOlbG5g\ . h;/L xfdL 8«fOleË
l;d'n6] /sf] :6]l/Ë ;dft]/ bf}8fpg cf/De u5f},+{ xfdLnfO{ jf:tljs
sf/ ;o/ u/]sf] cg'et" x'G5, To;/L g} s]bf/ ;ª\st] sf] lgofqf
k9g yfn]kl5 yfx} gkfO{ jf:tljs :yndf lgofqfsf/;Fu} cfkm"nfO{
kfpg] u5f}+{ . l:j6h/NofG8sf] 8fF8f kfvfx¿df 3/}3/ . k|To]s
3/sf] 5] p sf] s6] / fdf sr] t bfp/fsf rfF ª sf rfª b] v ] /
lgofqfsf/n] cfkmgf] b]z g]kfn h:t} eg]/ j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . xf]
ef}uf]lns cfwf/df t'Nfgf ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfn / l:j6h/NofG8 b'j}
e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿ x'g\ . To;}n] ef}uf]lns tfnd]n ldNg uPklg
cfly{s ¿kdf ;an /fi6« xf] l:j6h/NofG8 . ToxfFsf] k|lt JolQm
b}lgs cfo / xfd|f] b]zsf] k|lt JolQm jflif{s cfo emG8} ;dfg x'g
hfnf . o;af/] n]vsn] hfgsf/L gu/fP klg dnfO{ Hofb} uDeL/
;f]r
+ fOdf kf¥of] . lgofqfsf/n] j0f{g u/]em}+ htftt} s]an ' sf/ /
;fgf af6fx¿ klg ;a} cnsq] dfq} slxn] x'g] xf] < l:j6h/NofG8
h:t} slxn] aGnf t xfd|f] b]z g]kfn <
O6fnL / l:j6h/NofG8 h:tf b]zx¿sf] dgdf]xs k|fs[lts
;f}Gbo{df nÝ x'bF fx'bF } lgofqfsf/n] ck|Tofl;t ckmuflg:tfgsf]
o'4e"lddf k'¥ofOlbG5g\ . uf] n Lsf] cfjfh 8\ Ø fDd alh| o f]
sfg}df . sfgsf u|lGyx¿ l6lglggL /lGsP . Sof km;fb Û
æ6]s se/Æ lnof}+ b'jn } ] . pgsf] of] cleJolQmn] Hofgdf sfF9f
pld|G5 . a;f}b+{ l] v o'4sf] df/df k/]sf] ckmuflg:tfgaf/] dnfO{ k]ml/
;f]Rg afWo u/fof] . sf/0f ckmuflg:tfg klg csf]{ e"kl/j]li6t
/fi6«g} xf] . t/ a;f}{+ jif{sf] o'4n] of] /fi6«n] 6fpsf] p7fpg ;s]sf]
5}g . csf]{ t ulx/f] cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf l5d]sL
/fi6«x¿ klg ;an / d}qLefj ePsf] x'gk' bf]{ /x]5 eGg] ljleGg
ts{gfx¿n] d]/f] dl:tisleq cGodg:stf 5fof] . To;kl5 o'4n]
hh{/ c;/Nn eUgfjz]ifx¿df O/fssf /ftx¿ latfpg k]ml/
lgofqfsf/;Fu} ofqf/t …dÚ csf]{ pgsf] eofgs aofgn] k]ml/ Psk6s
sf]N6]k]m5'{ . uf]/fx¿ lrRofpg yfn] æu]6–8fpg u]6–8fpgÆ
eGb}+ . xfdL klg sf]7fdf g} 5ftL hf]t]/ nDk;f/ k¥of}F .
s]xL cfsfzdf g} k8\lsP s]xL glhs}sf] xftflt/ v;] .
d'6'df 9Øfª\u|f] aHg yfNof] . a]Ssf/df 5Fbf vfFbfsf] 3'/]gsf]
hflu/ 5f]8]/ 7'nf] efu vfg cfsf] x}g < vfO;\, dHhfn]
vfg] eO;\ . wLt\ dg{] u/L vf . ;/fKg yfnF] dgdg} cfkm}n]
cfkm}nfO{ . o;/L cfk"mn] cfˆg} cg'xf/df nf]Kkfdfb}{ cfˆgf] Hofg
xTs]nfdf /fv]/ a:g'k/]sf] If0fn] kSs} klg ;a} kf7ssf] d'6n ' ] klg
9ofª\uf| ] 7f]Sg]5 . nfDk'R5«] r/femF} p8]/ cfpg] nfdf] b"/Lsf] If]Kof:qn]
of] t lu|ghf]g kf] /x]5 geGbf] /x]5 eGg] klg dfly plNnlvt
zJbx¿n] :ki6 5 . O/fsd} km';b{ sf] a]nf Sofkm] 3'Dg hfFbf sfd
ug{ uPsf g]kfnL r]nLx¿n] g]kfnL xf] eGg] rfn kfP/ klg a]jf:tf
ug'{' / ljb]zLx¿;Fu d'v aª\ufP/ cª\uh ]| L efiff af]Ng' . O6fnLsf
k|x/Ln] klg g]kfns} h:tf] 3'; vfPsf] 36gfn] cfkm} cfZro{rlst
ePsf 5g\ lgofqfsf/ . o:tf cfZro{hgs 36gfx¿nfO{ ykSs
l6Kg' g} ;+:d/0fsf] ljz]iftf xf] . s]bf/ ;ª\st] sf ljleGg b]zsf gf}
yfg ;+:d/0ffTds lgaGwx¿df pgsf] 5f]6f] a;fOsf cg'ejx¿
;d]6s ] f 5g\ . pgn] kf7snfO{ Ps5Q cfˆgf] a;df kfg{ ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ , em/f]{ clg k|tLsfTds zJbn] . pgn] sf7df8f}af6
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l;¢fGt / lghL ljrf/ efjgfx¿ .
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kftfnsf] g} km/s .
ofqLx¿ aflx/ lg:s] s]xL a]/sf nflu . d klg cf]ln{PF . v;|s ' f
sfF8b] f/ a'6o\ fgx¿n] ;a}sf] nfh 5]ls/x]sf] lyof] . d eg] d'6' uf}/Lzªs/ lxdfn jl/kl/sf kxf8x¿ 5n{u+ b]lvPsf 5g\ .
ldr]/ kx]nF f] ;n cf]9g\ l] t/} nlDsPF . ;f]r]F kl/ro ug{ klg lsg
8/fpg] . geGb} kl/ro klg eof] . cfdf k'¥ofpg lh/L cfPsL /] .
s]xL lbg kZrft\ sf7df8f}+ g} kmls{g] c/] cWoogsf nflu . Psbd
5f]6f] eof] xfdLlarsf] kl/ro klg . ;f]rF] ofqfsf] kl/ro o:t} xf]
;kgfh:tf] emNofsem'nS' s lah'nL rDs]h:Tff] . slt hgf;Fu kf]
kl/ro ePsf] x]Ssf /fVg ;lsG5 / Û pgL a;lt/ nflug\, kl5
e]63f6 u/f}n + f eGb} . Tof] …kl5Ú eGg] zAbn] stfstf Ps k|sf/sf]
sf}tx" n nfuL g} /Xof] dgdf .
uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfn
v'nf 5 cfsfz of] ;do . afbnsf x'nx¿ l5GgleGg
ePsf 5g\ cfsfzdf, k'ln;n] nf7L rfh{ ubf{ dflg;x¿ ltt/
d'8a] hf/ ljz]if u/]/ cfn' / v/L9'ªu\ fsf nflu k|l;4 5 .
lat/ ePem}F . ufFpsf s]6f s]6Lx¿ e'mlDdg yfN5g\ a; jl/kl/ .
oxfFsf v/L9'ªu\ fx¿ d"lt{ / kfp8/ agfpg sf7df8f}+ nufot
lylnlkltnL ePsf] s]/fklg a]Rb} lyOg\ Pp6L cwa}; F ] tfdfª\gL
b]lvg] lbbL . ljleGg b]zx¿df lgof{t ul/G5 . t/ d'8j] f;Lx¿ eg] Pp6f /fd|f]
:s'n;Dd aGg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] kf]V5g\ . x'g klg Nxf;fdf ;'g 5
htfht} xl/of kxf8 / ufpFa;
] Lsf xl/of–kl/of u/fx¿nfO{
sfg d]/f] a'Rr} eg]h:t} Tof] plQm w]/} g} ;flat ePsf] 5 xfd|f]
xfdL r9]sf] a;sf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿n] Sofd]/fleq s}b ub{} lyP .
;8ssf dflyNnf le/fnf kfvfx¿df r/]sf e]8f / rf}/LufO{sf b]zdf . jf:tjdf eGg] g} xf] eg] o:tf ljifdtfn] el/e/fp k|fs[lts
ayfgx¿n] ;fFRr} g} Pstdf;n] nf]EofO/x]sf lyP . a;sf] x/g ;Dkbfsf wgL xfdL g]kfnLn] g k|of]udf NofP/ b]znfO{ pFef] ultdf
Py]G;sf] em/L % s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L ^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ws]n]sf 5f}+ g ufpFsf hgtfnfO{ snf tyf lzNk1fg k:s]/
/f]hL/f]6Ls} Joj:yf lbnfpg ;3fPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f g]tf / xfdL g]kfnL
hgtf kl5 lsg 5f}+ < olt w]/} vf]nfgfnf x'bF f klg lsg ;d;fFem}
cf]5Øfgdf k:g'k5{ . aQL x'bF f] xf] t Ps b'O{ cIf/x¿ t kl9GYof]
jf c¿ s'g} sfd ul/GYof] . @$ 306fdf !$ 306f g} ;'tk] l5 xfdL
slt k5fl8 ws]lnFb} 5f}+ < hf] s;}n] klg cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f]
xf] of] .
Ps 306f kZrft\ xfdL rl/sf]6 ahf/ k'U5f}+ . bf]nvfsf]
eLd;]gyfgnfO{ j/}af6 bz{g u5'{ d . ;fgf] 5Fbf PskN6 dfq
k'us
] f] 5' . le/fnf] kxf8sf] lz/df cjl:yt 5 bf]nvf eLd;]gsf]
dlGb/ . a8fb;}+ / r}tb] ;}d+ f eg] bz{g g} ug{ ufx|f] . ls+jbGtL
cg';f/ oxfFsf] eLd;]gsf] d"lt{ /fd]5fksf] /:gfn' ufla;sf]
eLd;]gyfgaf6 NofOPsf] xf] . a6'jfx¿n] af6fdf vfgf ksfpFbf
ltgj6f 9'ªu\ f 78fP/ r'Nxf]df vfgf ksfOG5 cem} klg . vfgf
ksfpFbf k6s k6s ltgdWo] Pp6f 9'ªu\ f r}+ n8]sf] n8\o} u/]/
vfgf 3f]lK6g yfn]kl5 pQm a6'jfn] l/;sf] emf]sdf 9'ªu\ fnfO{
xftsf] kGo'n] lxsf{P5g\ . lxsf{pbF f 9'ªu\ fdf /ut cfPkl5 n of] t
eujfg\ kf] /x]5 eg]/ bf]nvf k'¥ofPsf] s'/f cem} klg ufFpsf
a'9fkfsfn] eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
k"hf /fd|f] eP dgdf lrtfPsf] s'/f k'/f x'G5 eGg] egfO
cem} klg hgdfg;df 5Fb} 5, t/ eLd;]gsf] b]ak]| f6fdf kl;gf
b]lvof] eg] /fhkl/jf/sf nflu ckzs'g x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 .
k'uL klg cfpFb} 5 -of] lgofqf n]Vbf;Dd 1fg]Gb| g} /fhf lyP _ . ca
t emg\ nf]stGq lelqPsf] b'O{ jif{ eO;Sof] . g]kfnsf ljåfg\ tyf
Py]G;sf] em/L & s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
;+f;bx¿n] ;+ljwfg agfpg hgtfsf /utsf yf]kf alnbfg lbP/
k7fPsf] ;f]Rb} xf]nfg\ VofnVofn 7fg]/ . ca Tof] a]nfdf km]l/
eujfg\ eLd;]gsf] kl;gf b]lvG5 ls < x]g{ afFsL g} 5 .
ls/fFtL5fkM tfdfsf];L, gfDb' / d}gfkf]v/L x'bF } xg'dGt]
eGHofª jl/kl/ km'ns ] f u'/fF;sf cUnf kxf8x¿ l5rf]Nb} ljleGg
/ªdf km'ns ] f u'/fF;sf km"nx¿ l6Kb} dgel/ l;pl/lbG5' d . klxnf
;8s gaGbf dfjnsf] ah";uF sf7df8f}+ k]G;g lemSg hfFbfsf]
;Demgf emNemNtL cfof] dnfO{ . Tof] ;dodf lxF8s ] f] ofb yf]/} dfq
eP klg Tof] g} d]/f] nfdf] ofqf lyof] . afNosfnsf] k}bn ofqf .
lqz"n] 8fF88} fF8f, vfjf eGHofªsf] kfvfaf6 gfDb' x'bF } ls/fFtL 5fkdf
jf; a;]Yof+} To;tfsf . afx| jif{sf] x'bF f] x'F .
o;kfnL lh/L k'Ubf /ft kl/;s]sf] lyof] . kxf8L e]udf
cjl:yt eP klg lh/Ldf l:j; ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ag]sf] xfO8«f]
kfj/ :6];gsf sf/0fn] ubf{ /ft lemlnldnL g} b]lvGYof] . xfd|f
jl/kl/ nhsf sfdbf/x¿ emf]nf af]Sg tfgftfg u5{g\ . xfdL r]bª'{
nhlt/ nDsG5f}+ . ;Demgf / pgsL cfdfn] pgLx¿s} 3/ hfg
cfu|x u/]klg xfdL c1fgL aGb} labf x'G5f}+ . Psl5gsf] kl/ronfO{
lnP/ xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] 3/ hfg' klg Tolt ;fGble{s 7fg]gf}+ . a?
kl5 e]6g\ ] jfrf /fVb} xfdL xf]6nlt/ nDSof}+ lj>fdsf] lglDt .
k"jk{ l§sf] tfFa] 8fF8f / pQ/kl§sf] r]bª{' 8fF8fn] lh/Lsf]
lnªsg ahf/nfO{ 9kSs} 5f]ks ] f] cfef; x'GYof] . kxf8sf] s'gfdf
cjl:yt eP klg lgSs} ;';DkGg ePsf] ufpF xf] of] . kxf8sf
ahf/x¿df o:tf ;'ljwf kfpg lgs} ufx|f] k5{ xfd|f] g]kfndf . vfgf
vfg'eGbf cufl8 cfFsfnf bfOn] lrof lkpg yfNg' eof] . d}n] eg]
tftf] kfgL xfn]/ sf]bfsf] tf]ªa\ f tfGg yfn]+ . Psb'O{ 3'6s
\ f] d} l;lgQ}
kf/F] klxnf] kfg] . lbge/df 36]sf s'/f cfFsnf bfOn] vfgf kZrft\
8fo/Ldf ptfg{ nfUg' eof] . d eg] 3/kl/jf/ ljz]if u/]/ ;f7L
Py]G;sf] em/L * s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
jifL{of xh'/cfdfsf] xfd|} dfof / ddtfn] rfpl/Psf] cg'xf/ x]g{
xtfl/+b} lgb|f b]jLsf] sf]qmfdf e'mNg yfn]F .

[
a]lnhM st} 3fd st} 5fofF

klxnf] lbg xfdL ;fugf k'UofF} . ToxfF P8\efGr/;{ tflnd

cGtu{t sfolsª, ;kmf/L, /flˆ6ª / /s SnfOlDaªaf/] Joj:yf
u¥of}F . To:t}u/L bf];f| ] lbg gfOef;f tfntkm{ nfUofF} . gfO/f]aLaf6
gfOef;fsf] af6f] nfUbf lgSs}a/] gfO/f]aLdf af6f] x/fofF} . ToxfF
/f]8sf lrXgx¿ c:ki6 lyP / w]/} 7fpFdf lrXg g} lyPgg\ .
aNntNn af6f] kQf nfUof]] / To;tkm{ xflgofF} . af6fsf] 5]p5fpsf
7fpFx¿ ;fFRr} g} /dfOnf lyP . d]/} ufpF wgs'6f, w/fgh:tf] 7fpFdf
k'Ubf d bË k/]F .
-b]z af]Sg'sf] kL8f_ ljZjf;bLk ltu]nf
n x]/ slt k'ms]s { f oL l76fx¿ Û s] s] g} 5f]kf}n
+ f eGb}
km¥ofsk'm?s ub}{ cf]Nnf] lalN8ªaf6 kNnf] lalN8ª, kNnf]af6
csf{] . slt /f}l:;Psf Û of] gofF 7fpF, gofF j:q, gofF a]xn' L slt
/x/nfUbf lrhx¿ . xfdL Pp6} ˆNof6df l;ª h'bfP/ a:g]x¿ g/
dflvd, ldng /fO{, k|d ] /fO{ / nLnf efO / ;dsfnLg ;'/z ]
yfD;'xfª . e§Ldf hfpm ;Fu,} l8:sf] hfpm ;Fu,} sf]tdf aGb's
lgsfn ;Fu,} tf/f] xfg ;Fu,} Pp6f Uofª g} lyof], Tof] ;dotfsf
xfd|f] Kof/f cyf{t\ Kof/f;'6 a6flnogdf . Kof/f a6flnogdf 5Fbf
uf9f /ftf] 6f]kL 9nSs 58\s] kf/]/ lz/df nufPkl5 xfGg] uf]?h:t}
Py]G;sf] em/L ( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L !) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
b]lvlGyd xfdL . /ftlbgsf] Kof/fsf] sDtLdf klg cf7 dfOn cfh efUodfgL ;lDemG5', g cefuL g}, sd{df sf]l/Psf w;f{x¿
lv/lv/] bf}8fOn] ufnf a]:sg rfp/L k/]sf lyP . eF8' L leq VjfKk /]vfx¿ cfˆg} xftsf x]b}{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\b} 5' . b'O{ x/km sljtf
k;]sf], ahf/df a]Rg /fv]sf] df5fsf] k]?ª\uf] h:tf] . clg rf}sf];] 5Øf:; /flvxfnf}M+
5ftL ;'lsufsf] l6lkSs} . xfjf km':s]sf] es'G8f] em}+ .
cfkm} n]Vb} 5f}+
o;} ;Gbe{df a]nfotsf] :k];n kmf];{x¿sf] klg 5f]6f] cfˆgf gn]lvPsf syfx¿
kl/ro /fVg' a]; 7fG5' d . P;=P=P; cyf{t :k]zn Pc/ ;le{;\ cfkm} k'b}{ 5f}+
xjfO{ dfWodaf6 cjt/0f u/]/ hldgaf6 n8\g] Ps kmf}hL hTyf dgs} cf]vtLn]
xf] . logLx¿sf] Pp6f egfO g} 5 'x' 8]c/;\ ljG;\' cyf{t\ s;n] uf]nLn] 5]l8Psf dgx¿
lhTg ;S5 eGg] . csf]{ ;}Go ;]jf P;=aL=P; cyf{t :k]zn af]6 ca aGb}gg\ a]jfl/;]
;le{;\ h:nfO{ /f]on dl/g sdfG8f] klg elgG5 . of] kfgLhxfhsf] xfd|f syfx¿
k|of]u u/L hdLgdf n8\g] ;d"x xf] eg] t];f| ] 5 Kof/f;"6 /]lhd]G6 b'Mv ug'{ kb{g}{
h:n] dflysf b'j} kmf}hnfO{ ;3fpF5 . ;fy} l;lS:6g Pc/ c;N6df c¿sf xftx¿n]
kg{] ;a} OGkm]G] 6«L a6flnogx¿nfO{ o'4d}bfgdf k/]sf] vt/fsf] hlt;Sbf] lvk]/ /Rg' kb{g}
rfF8f] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;w+} tDtof/ eP/ …/]l8 6' uf]Ú df a;]sf] x'G5 xfd|f Oltxf;sf kfgfx¿ .
of] .
ca ;fFRr} l;kfxLsf] syf p;}n] g} n]Vg]5 sfnfGt/;Dd .
x]/, uj{sf ;fy n8\g cfPsf xfdL Û csf{sf] b]zsf nflu
o'4sf syfx¿ s'?If]qdf kfOnf g6]ss ] fn] s]sf] cfwf/df n]Vg] <
t/ xfd|f] dgdf n8\g'eGbf klg a]/f]huf/Lsf] e'6e'6L lyof] .
/f]hL/f]6Lsf] vf]hL lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ;'gs] f e/df < ca bGt]syfdf ljZjf; /fv]/ syfx¿ n]lvg'
ul/lbPsf] eP cfh cfP/ nfvf}+ g]kfnL o'jfx¿ sfFwdf sfFw x'Gg . jf:tljstfnfO{ aflx/ gf3]/ hfg' a]; g7xl/onf ls cfhsf]
ldnfP/ g]kfnd} a:y] xf]nfg\ . of] ;F3f/df < of] k|Zg xfdL ;a}sf] yfKnfdf pd|g,] pd|s ] f] /
–;fFRRf} xfdL a]lrPsf dfG5] . lnnfdL eGbf klg x'G5 . b;f}+ pld|/xg] k|Zg xf] .
xhf/df 5flgPsf . b;}d + f snªsLdf /fv]sf laqmLsf e]8fafv|fem}+ . 8fo:kf]/fsf ;|i6fx¿sf] vf]hL u/]/ lxF8g\ ] . Oltxf; n]Vg] .
–;/sf/n] a]rs ] fÛ xfd|f ;dfhdf cf}nf efFr/] uGbf kfFr cf}n + f;Dd klg efFlrg
–/fi6«n] a]rs ] fÛ cfOk'Ub}g . t/ xfd|f af/]df snd rnfO /xg] . ;w+F} xf};nf /
a]nfot ;/sf/nfO{ @)) jif{ klxnfb]lv olb ga]lrPsf ;xof]u ug{ dl/d]6g\ ,] To:tf xfd|f :jb]z tyf ljb]zsf n]vs tyf
;|i6fx¿nfO{ km]l/ xfdL 8fo:kf]/f af;Ln] vf]h/] csf{] Pp6f cWofosf]
eP xfdL lsg cfh csf{sf] e"lddf 8fo:kf]/fsf 8f]ax¿ vGb} cfwL
cfTd;+od ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 . ;dLktf efjk|lt ;~hfn lj:tf/
;Gtfg g]kfn clg cfwL a]nfotdf a;]/ 5'l§g'kYof{] xf]nf / < g d
Py]G;sf] em/L !! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L !@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ug{k' g{] b]lvG5 of] ;dodf gq g'g lagfsf] t/sf/L aGg ;S5
vNnf] .
dGb ultsf] lr;f] xfjfsf] j]u;Fu} lbgn] sf]N6] km]l/;s]sf]
lyof] . gf}hjfgx¿ cfjZos ;fdfg lnP/ cufl8 nflu;s]sf
lyP . s]xL If0f kZrft\ ;a} ;fdfg r]s u5{g,\ cfcfˆgf ;d"xsf
sdfG8/x¿n] . 3fdsf] cfwf efu Aof/]s cjl:yt klZrdlt/sf]
;]G6 PlG8«cp rr{sf] r'Rrfn] 5]Sg] hdsf{] ul//x]sf] lyof] .
lzlz/ofdsf] hf8fn] ubf{ ¿vsf em/]sf kftx¿n] ljleGg /ªdf
;lhP/ xl/of] rp/df a'§f e/]sf lyP, dfgf}+ Pp6f dxFuf] un}r + f
s'g} wgf9\osf] 3/df la5\ofPem}}+ .
ltg dlxg] 6]«lgªsf nflu o's] 5f8]/ a]lnhtk{m nfUg'
k/]sfn] xf]nf Aof/]ssf 5]p5fpdf /fv]sf 6]lnkmf]gsf a'yx¿ vfnL
lyPgg\ . s;}n] st} g st} kmf]gdf gDa/x¿ lylr/x]sf lyP .
cfhsf] h:tf] Tof] a]nfdf ;:tf df]afOnx¿ lyPg . df]afOnx¿ t
lyP, t/ Psbd dxFuf lsGg cfF6 cfpb}gYof] .
s]xL If0fd} xfdL a;leq sf]lrg k'U5f}+ . a;sf rSsf
;fpy;gL{lt/ u'8g\ yfN5g\ . s]xL 3G6fd} xfdL Toxf+F+ k'U5f}+ . ToxfFsf
xflsdx¿åf/f ;fdfg r]s ul/;s]kl5 xfdL a|fOh g6{g ;}lgs
xjfO{c•flt/ nfU5f}+ . ToxfF;Dd k'Ubf gk'Ub} k/]nfsf] 3'D6fn]]
cf/fd ug{ vf]lh;s]sf] x'G5, t}klg lrof / skmLsf] 3'6s \ fOn] lgb|f
km6fOlbG5 . cfwf 3G6f kZrft\ xfdL ;a} a]lnhlt/ k|:yfg
u5f}+{ .
a]lnhdf k|:yfg ugf{sf] d'Vo sf/0f hªunL ;}Go o'¢snfsf]
cEof; ug{' lyof] . To:tf vfnsf ;}lgs cEof; ug's { f] d'Vo
sf/0f eljiodf cfOkg{] vt/fsf] ;fdgf tyf k|ltsf/ ug{ ;Sg'
xf] . To;sf ;fy} gofF ;}GoljBfsf] klg 1fg xfl;n ug'{ lyof] . ltg}
cEof;x¿ l;Sgsf nflu 6' Kof/f;'6 a6flnog cGtu{t kg{] …;LÚ
Py]G;sf] em/L !# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
uf]vf{ sDkgL a]lnhtkm{ k|:yfg ub}{ lyof] .
xjfO{ p8fg nfdf] ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ hxfhdf k6\of/
nfUg' :jfefljs} lyof], t}klg d oL rGrn] gogn]] hxfhsf] ‰ofnaf6
clns k/;Dd x'ŒofpFb} lyP . x'gt v'nf cfsfzdf b]Vg g} s] ;SyF]
/ < s]jn 3'D6Øf}nL afbnsf sfpnL cfsf/sf u'R5fx¿ Affx]s .
afbnsf ljeflht ;]tf u'R5fx¿ a]nfa]nf 6'lqmGy] clg k'gM
hf]l8Gy] d]/f efjgfx¿em+} . xs{'n; cfsfzdf :jtGq¿kdf
pl8/x]sf] lyof] . p8fg rfnsåf/f s]xL a]/d} Sofg8fsf] af]8f{S] ;
ljdfg:yndf cjt/0f ug{] ;ª\st] kfof}+ . hxfh la:tf/} k[YjLsf]
;txlt/ emg{ yfNof] . Sofg8fsf] nf]e nfUbf] xl/of] hª\un, pRr
kxf8x¿ / lxpFsf l9:sf 6lNsg yfn] . ;d'bs | f] ;tx eg] dnfO{
a/km hd]sf] efg eof] lsgls ToxfF g t 5fn g} b]lvGYof] g t
kfgLdf t}l/Psf kfgLhxfhx¿ g} . lsgeg] ToxfFsf] tfkqmd dfOg;
cf7 l8u|L ;]lN;o; lyof] . s]xL a]/df xfdL Sofg8fsf] ljdfg:yndf
plqof}+ . lr;f] xfjfsf] l;/]6f];uF } cfcfˆgf] ;fdfg af]s/] vfgf vfg]
sIflt/ nfUof}F . ljdfg:ynleq} xf]6n ] nufot c¿ ljleGg ;'ljwf
cG8/u|fpG8df ag]sf lyP . vfgfkl5 Tof] /ft, ToxLF g} a:g]
ePsfn] xfdL ;a} !)% hgfsf] hdft Po/kf]6l{ eqsf] h'/n ] Lsf] u'8F
h:tf] xf]6n] df uP/ a:of}+ .
ef]lnkN6 laxfgsf] vfhf vfPkl5 xfd|f] hxfhn] blIf0fL
dfu{ lnof] . Sofgf8faf6 sl/a ;ft 3G6f kZrft\ a]lnhsf]
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf :yfgLo ;do cg';f/ ck/fXgsf] rf/
ah] k'Uof}+ . udL]{ t 5Fbl} yof], t/ ToxfFsf] w'nf] / ef}uf]lns agfj6n]
dnfO{ o'/f]k ;Demg afWo t'Nofof] . dgdg} ;f]r]+ o'/f]k eg]sf] o'/f]k
g} /x]5 . oL v}/f hfltx¿ xfdL nfn j0f{sf dfG5]x¿ eGbf w]/}
klxNo} ljsl;t / ljj]szLn ePsf /x]5g\ .
a]lnhsf] 6]l« gª SofDkaf6 xfdLnfO{ lng cfPsf] a;df
Py]G;sf] em/L !$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
r9\of}+ . aflx/af6 x]bf{ a; geP/ OlG8ofsf] 6f6f sDkgLsf] 6«s
h:t} lyof] . cufl8 6«ssf] efu t 5Fb}lyof] t/ k5fl8 eg]
ha/h:tL l;6x¿ /fv]/ a;sf] cfsf/df kl/0ft ul/Psf] lyof] .
a;sf] cfsf/ h] h:tf] eP klg leq Po/ slG8;g nufPsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ s]xL xb;Dd /fxt eg] ldNof] .
w'na] f6fx¿, skmL / lrofsf aufgx¿, gl/jn / s]/f
3f/L, h'gf/sf au}r + f, sfutL v]tL, ;8ssf bfofFafofF yflkPsf
6'qm] k;nx¿ / g]kfnLkg ;Demfpg] w/fgsf h:tf sf7sf 3/x¿n]
dnfO{ t Tof] 5 306fsf] af6fdf cN5L / cfn:osf] cg'ej g} ePg,
uGtJodf To;} k'luof] . t/ Tof] lbgsf] df};d ttfPsf] xfjf eGbf
sd eg] lyPg .
;'?sf s]xL lbgx¿df ToxfF nfUg ;Sg] /f]ux¿, :yfgLo
afl;Gbfsf] cfr/0f, 6«flkmssf lgod / hª\undf hfFbf Vofn
/fVg'kg{] s'/f cflb OToflbsf af/]df k|lzIf0f lbOof] .
sDtLdf xfdL Ps dlxgfdf ltg ;ftfeGbf a9L hª\unL
jftfj/0fdf /Dg' lyof] . ToxfFsf] pi0f ;bfaxf/ hª\unsf] kl/j]zdf
zLtntfsf] ;xf/f t ldNyf] g}, t/ Tof]eGbf klg a9L eg] lkpg]
kfgLsf] cfjZostf lyof] . k|To]s ltgj6f u'|kdf 5'6\ofOPsf
hjfgx¿n] cfcfˆgf] ;}lgsL tflndsf] lgk'0ftfsf] nflu a9L Wofg
lbg'kg{] cfjZos lyof] .
a]lnhsf afl;Gbfsf] ¿k /ª emG8} g]kfnLsf];uF ldNbf]hN' bf]
ePsf] sf/0fn] xf]nf ToxfF ;fdfg a]Rg a;]sf rl/gª\u]| sfnf
hfltsf gtd:ts a}; + fn' o'jtLx¿ a9L cfslif{t b]lvGy] xfd|f
cNnf/] hjfgx¿;Fu . 5fnfsf] dfq ;d'lrttf x6fOlbg] xf] eg]
s]xL km/s kfOgF d}n] g]kfnsf] eGbf c¿ . xfd|f] ofqf xfOj]
;8snfO{ 5f]8/] sRrL af6f]tkm{ cled'v x'G5 . a]; SofDkaf6
emG8} ^ 306fsf] nfdf] ofqfkl5 dfq xfdL Ujf6]dfnf gfds t];f{]
Py]G;sf] em/L !% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
vf]nfsf] bf]efgdf /f;g kfgLsf ;fy k'Uof+} . vf]nfsf] 5]jd} f t6aGwsf]
klg Joj:yf ul/Psfn] xfdL ToxL a:of}+ .
ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6 g]kfnsf] h:t} ePsf] sf/0fn]
ubf{ w]/] h
} ;f] kxf8} kxf8n] 9fs] klg ;dyn e"efu gePsf] eg]
xf]Og . hª\undf a9L ljiffn' ;k{ / hLjhGt' kfOg] sf/0fn] ubf{
s]xL 36gf ePdf /]l8of] dfkm{t x]lnsf]K6/ dufP/ ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ ;lsGYof] .
bfofFafofF hª\un / vf]nfsf] 5]jd } f xfd|f] 6«l] gªSofDk ePsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ lbgel/ h:tf];s ' } 6\oflS6;sf ;}Go sfo{x¿ u/] klg
k|foM /ftsf] ;dodf eg] tL s'/f x'bF g} y] . To;}n] ;fFemkv vf]nfsf]
lsgf/df uP/ df5f dfbf{ lgs} /dfOnf] x'GYof] . aN5Lsf] 6'Kkfdf
kmf}hL /f;gdf kfpg] la:s'6 kfgLdf d'5/] rf/fsf] ¿kdf /fv]/
df/]sf e'/f df5fx¿ a]ns ' Lsf] e'6j' fsf] nflu dgUo x'Gy] .
xfd|f …;LÚ sDkgLsf sDkgL 6'=cfO=;L SofK6]g anaxfb'/
u'?ª klg df5f dfg{ lgs} ;f]lvg lyP . s8f ldhf;sf JolQm
ePsf sf/0fn] xf]nf …sf]af| Ú eGg] pkgfdn] sxlnPsf lyP pgL .
Ujf6]dfnf vf]nfdf afFw afFw/] kf}8L v]Ngsf nflu Pp6f kf]v/L klg
agfPsf lyof}+ . lbgel/sf] udL{ / ysfO d]6g\ xfdL a]ns ' Lkv Kff}8L
v]Ng] uYof}{ . ;fFemkv s/fpg] ‰ofpFls/L / ljleGg vfnsf
r/fx¿sf] lr/la/L cfjfhn] d ;fFRr} /fd]5fks} jgkfvflt/} 5'
h:tf] nfUYof] . Pp6f ld7f] cfgGbsf] cg'el" t x'GYof] . xfd|f] lbgrof{
o;/L g} laTb} lyof] .
k|To]s xKtfdf P8e]Gr/ 6«l] gªsf] nflu hª\unaf6 hh{ s]
eGg] 6fk'df ljleGg vfnsf kfgLdf v]lng] h:t} M ljG8 ;le{ª,
jf6/ l:s, 8fOleª, :s'af 8fOleª h:tf v]nx¿ Kffn}kfnf] v]Ng
k7fOGYof] . xfdL Tof] 7fpFdf qmlds ¿kn] hfg'kYof]{ . bf];f| ] xKtf
Py]G;sf] em/L !^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
xfd|f] u|k' n] klg pQm 6fk'df hfg] df}sf kfof] . jl/kl/ ;d'b,| lardf SofK6]g l6sf lnDa"n] af]6af6 lgsfn]/ pgnfO{ sf]7ftkm{ nfg]
;fgf] 6fk' . b'Ot{ n] /fd|f–/fd|f 3/x¿ . ;d'bs | f] 5]pdf ldnfP/ ;Nnfx lbPkl5 sf]7ftkm{ nUof+} .
/f]lkPsf gl/jn / ;'kf/Lsf af]6x¿ . n6/Dd kmn]sf ltgsf 6]lnkmf]gaf6 x]lnsf]K6/ af]nfpg vf]Hof+,} t/ ;Dks{ x'g
bfgfx¿ . ;d'bs | f 5fnn] kmfn]sf] lr;f] kfgLsf s[lqd OGb|g] Lx¿ . ;s]g . d}n] cfdL{ /]l8of] kL=cf/=;L #@) eGg] Pr Pkm /]l8of]
dl;gf afn'jfsf] yfKnfdf ;g jflyª\ u/]/ a;]sf klZrdL xfpefp dfkm{t a];SofDkaf6 x]lnsf]K6/ dufPF . s]xL If0fd} cjt/0f eof] .
x]lnsf]K6/n] 6«l] gª SofDksf] c:ktfn;Dd k'¥ofP klg ToxfF pkrf/
ePsf ko{6sx¿ . ;d'bL| t6df xfjfn] 5f]8s ] f xNsf :kz{, xl/of]
ug{ g;Sg] ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cd]l/sfsf] dfodL c:ktfndf
gl/jnsf kftn] 5fk]/ agfOPsf 6x/fdf, ljleGg lr;f] k]okbfy{ nluof] . ToxfFsf lrlsT;sx¿sf] cys k|of;n] ubf{ cfh d]3 /fO{
a]Rg] kftnf n'uf nufPsf ;]N; un{x¿n] dg} gnf]EofPsf] eg] klxn]sf] h:tf] geP klg ;fwf/0f lxF88'n ug{;Dd eg] ;Sg'
xf]Og . x'G5 . pxfF xfn uf]vf{ ;ªu|xfno sf]nr]:6 a]nfotdf sfo{/t
b'O{ lbg t ljG8 ;le{ª l;Sbf g} laltxfNof] . Psftk{m x'gx' G' 5 . cfpFbf lbgx¿df pxfFsf] :jf:Yodf cem /fd|f] ;'wf/
uPkl5 xfjfsf] ult sf6] / kmls{ g } g;lsg] . t/ gDa/L cfcf];\ eGg] xfd|f] sfdgf 5 . pQm 36gf afx]s a]lnh uPsf] xfd|f]
-Ps} ;dodf etL{ ePsf_ ldq sfhLdfg lnDa"nfO{ eg] /fd|f; ] uF hTyf 5 dlxg] 6«l] gª ;s]/ ;s'zn a]nfot kmls{of] .
cfpFYof] / cln cln l;lsof] klg pxfFaf6 . ;d'bd | f xfjfsf] ult
Psbd} tLj| lyof] . dWofXgkl5 xfjfsf] j]u a9\g yfN5 . hlt !((^ a]lnh
sf]l;; ubf{ klg tl/sf gcfPkl5 ;fyL k'ikhLnfO{ ;a} ;'Dk]/, d
eg] elnan v]Ng larlt/ nfu]F . lbgsf] emG8}+ b'O{ alh;s]sf] [
lyof] . k|r08 udL{nfO{ klg xfdL a]jf:tf u/]/ pT;fxk"js { v]Nb}
lyof+} ;d'bs| f] 5]p5fp . crfgs xfd|f] cufl8 tf/f efO ctflnP/
…d]3 efOsf] v'§f af]6n====Ú eGb} xfdL ePlt/ cfOk'U5g\ .
xfdL ;a} bf}8/] ;d'bs | f] lsgf/df k'Uof},+ hxfF xfd|f] Pp6f
l6d kfgLaf]6 v]Ng k"jk{ l§sf] ;d'bd | f uPsf] lyof] . d]3sf] z/L/af6
/utsf] wf/f] alu/x]sf] lyof] . kfgL af]6af6 crfgs pgL ;d'bd | f
v:g k'u5 ] g\ / kfgL af]6sf] OlGhg 3'dfpg] kªvfn] afofF v'§f,
afofFtkm{s} s/ª / z/L/sf] cGo efux¿df uDeL/ rf]6 nfUg
k'u5
] . ;fyL ljgf]b / 8fs afxfb'/ bfO{ eP/ /utsf] /f]syfdsf]
k|of; u/] tfklg /ut auL g} /x]sf] lyof] . xfd|f l6dsf sdfG8/
Py]G;sf] em/L !& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L !* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

O6fnLsf kxf8x¿
;'vt]{ / b}nv
] sf xl/ofnL 8fF8f sf6\b} uPkl5 sxLF–sxLF
dfq b; la; ¿v b]lvP ;jf{ªu\ gfª\uf d?e"ld aGg tof/ cUnf
8fF8f b]lvg yfn] . lar lardf b]lvg] ufpFdf Pp6f;Dd klg ¿v
gb]lvg] c/asf gfª\uf b[Zosf] cfef; ldNbf dg ;fx|} p/f7 eof] .
-;'Gb/L /f/f / ;':s]/fsf cg'xf/_—df]bgfy k|l>t
o'ss
] f] cN8/;6sf] df]G6]ud/L nfOgdf laxfgLkvsf] lr;f]
xfjfsf] emf]+Ssfn] ydf{]Pan skdf lrofsf r':sL lnFbf klg
sdfO/x]5 d'6' . oBlk ;a]/} af6f] ttfpg'kg{] ljleGg sf/0fx¿n]
ubf{ kfFr} ah] u'G6fu'G6L ?s:ofsdf vfFbvFb' kf/]/ a;sf] 5tlt/
x'OSF ofOlbG5f}+ .
hDdf la; hgf hjfgx¿ O6fnLsf] 8f]lnld6L kxf8df
P8e]Gr/ 6«l] gªsf nflu 5flgG5f}+ . l6dsf ln8/ lyP ;/f]h /fO{ .
xfdL pgs} aGbf]a:tLdf lgw{Ss;Fu cfª k'mnfP/ 8f]a/ aGb/ufxsf]
t6lt/ alQG5f}+, dg g} efFRg] laxfgLsf] l;/]6fnfO{ d'6'el/
u'6d'6ØfpFb} .
a]nfotaf6 xfdL O6fnLsf] pQ/L efudf kg{] 8f]lnld6Lsf]
pRr kxf8sf z[ª\vnfx¿ x]g{ ;a}df xtf/f] lyof] dgel/,
cfFvfel/, d'6e
' l/ . ToxfFsf kxf8x¿ c¿ b]zsf] bfFhfdf k[ys\
ePsf] s'/f ;/f]hhLn] a]; SofDkdf g} cjut u/fPsf lyP .
Py]G;sf] em/L !( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
a]nfotsf] clt lr;f] clg wldnf] laxfgLsf] cfsfz lrb{}
xfdL 8f]e/ aGb/ufxlt/ x'lQG5f},+ b'Oj{ 6f ldgLa;df . rf}w 306fsf]
ofqfdf k|mfG;, l:j6\h/NofG8 x'Fb} O6fnLsf] 8f]lnld6L kxf8sf]
k]mbLsf] lhcf]dfgL ahf/df k'U5f+} . ;/f]hhLn] ToxfFsf] 6'l/:6
Ogkm/d];g ;]G6/df uP/ ;a} s'/f a'em]/ cfPkl5 xfdL a]ns ' Lsf]
SofDk ;fOl6ª ug{tk{m nfU5f}+ . /ftsf] cf7 ah] pQm 7fpFdf k'us ] f
sf/0fn] ubf{ eg]h:tf] 7fpF kfpFbg} f}+ . uG7\ØfªdG7\Øfª gldn]sf bfx|]
bfFt h:tf hldgdf . l;dl;d] kfgL / ToxfFsf] l5lKkPsf] lr;fn]
ubf{ a]ns' Lsf] vfgf ksfP/ vfg clns ufx|f] k¥of] xfdLnfO{ .
laxfgsf] 5 ah] p7]/ x':;'sf] kbf{ RofT5f}+ . lrofkfgkl5
kbofqf ;'? ug{ kmfNhfl/uf]lt/ a; u'8\5 . xfdL k|fs[lts
/;f:jfbg ug{ dUg x'G5f}+ . hlt x]/] klg x]/f}x+ /] f+} nfUg] O6fnLsf
ln/f h:t} oxfFsf] k|fs[lts b[Zoklg sd ;'Gb/ b]lvGg .
kmfNhfl/uf] k'Ug' Tof] lbgsf] xfd|f] p2]Zo . k'Ug' cufj} gfua]nL h:tf
3'DtL af6fx¿df 7'nf7'nf a;x¿ klg a]:sg rNg] x'gfn] ;fO8
lbg lgs} ufx|f] kYof{] ;'/z
] hLnfO{ . psfnL af6fsf df]8x¿, 8fF8fsf]
6'Kkf–6'Kkfaf6 df]l8Psf] sf/0fn] ubf{ slxn]sfxLF t d'6n ' ] 7fpF g}
5f]8Y\ of] .
xfdL psfnL r9\bfsf] b[Zo clt cfgGbdo lyof] . lrl6Ss
k/]sf 3/x¿ clg 3/sf] afb{nLdf ;hfOPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf
k"mnx¿n] dg} nf]EofpFy] . g]kfnsf eGbf clns leGg} vfnsf ;Nnf
/ w'kLsf af]6df ;';n ] L v]Nb} axg] lr;f] xfjfn] xfd|f hf8fn]
slqmPsf cf]7 / sfgnfO{ emg} sqm\ofpFYof] . ;kmf / lrl6Ss k/]sf
O6fnLsf afl;Gbfx¿sf] xFl;nf] r]x/f b]Vbf k|sl[ tsf k|tLs h:tf
nfUy] . hlthlt pRr kxf8df r9\b} uof] Tolt g} /dfOnf clg
Py]G;sf] em/L @) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
dgf]x/ kxf8–kj{tdf t/lËt eP/ lg:sg] k|ltWjlgn] xfd|f] dg
slDkGyf] .
8f]lnld6L kxf8sf] 5]jd
} f d / ;fyL ;'/z
]
kNnf] 8fF8fdf rfFbLsf] h:tf] 6Nsg] lxpFsf hnkdf kbofqf
ug{]x¿n] nufPsf /ª\uLrª\uL sk8fx¿n] kxf8 cfkm}+ PSn}
;nanfPsf] efg x'Gyf] . oxfFsf ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts 56fx¿n] eb{} lyof]
d]/f] dg klg /ª\u} /ª\un] . cs{} vfnsf] gf}nf] /ª oxfFsf] . k|sl[ tsf
/ªx¿ klg b]zl} kR5]sf cnu–cnu .
oxfFsf ;fFu/' f 3'DtLx¿, ;kmf :jR5 a:tLx¿, r'Rr] 9'ªu\ fsf
gfª\uf kxf8 kj{tsf km]bLx¿df :jtGq;Fu ;';n ] L kfb{} ;';fpg]
;Nn]/L jgx¿ . kxf8el/ htftt} s]an ' sf/sf ;'ljwfx¿ . jNnf]
8fF8faf6 kNnf]8fF8fdf uPsf b[Zo . To;s} k]mbLdf cjl:yt lgnf]
tfn . tfn jl/kl/ ljleGg /ªn] ;lhPsf Sofkm] clg /S;L a]Rg]
af/x¿ / af/sf d}ofFx¿sf d':sfg . ;]tf kfgLxfF; / kfgLaf]6sf]
cf]xf]/–bf]xf]/ . pQ/kl§sf] kfvfaf6 kmfNhfl/ofsf] lz/af6 cf]xf| nf]
emb{} u/]sf sldnfsf tfFtL h:tf dfG5]sf x'nx¿ . j0f{g u/]/ ;fWo
g} 5}g . dfGg} k5{ oxfFsf k|fs[lts dgf]x/ b[ZonfO{ .
Py]G;sf] em/L @! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
Ps hgf xfdLh:t} 3'dGt] ldq;Fu xNsfkm'Nsf s'/fsfgL
eof] . b Sofkm] 6kdf skmL ;'Sof{pbF } lyP pgL . oxfFsf] dgf]/d
k|sl[ tdf /dfpg l:j6\h/NofG8af6 otf alQPsf /x]5g\ . ;Demgf¿kL
Psb'Oj{ 6f kmf]6f] Sofd]/fleq aGb ub{} km]l/ st} e]6g\ ] jfrfsf ;fy
xfdL 5'l§of}+ .
l6dx¿ ljefhg ul/of] . ldq k'ik, ;/f]h / d]/f] Pp6f
l6d eof] . rf/ 306fsf] k}bn ofqf kZrft\ #,!%@ ld6/df /x]sf]
nfª\sf]km]nsf] lxpFsf] /d0fLo b[Zon] psfnL r9\bf nfu]sf] ysfO g}
eufOlbof] . Pskl5 csf{] b]lvg] jl/kl/sf lxd kxf8sf z[ªv \ nfa¢
t/]nLx¿n] ef]s nfUbf klg kfOnfx¿ nDsL g} /x] Pskl5 csf{]
ub{} . 6fs'/} 6fs'/fsf] dflydfly . r'Rr] 9'ªu\ fsf r'r/' fnfO{ 9fSb}
kftnf] s'lx/fn] luHofpg yfNof] xfdLnfO{ . lel8of] Sofd]/fdf
oxfFsf ;'Gb/ b[Zox¿ s]xL xb;Dd ePklg n'sfpg] sf]l;; u¥of}+ .
;do uPsf] kQ} ePg . k'ikhLn] af]ss ] f] yd{;sf] lrof la;f}gLdf
lkpFbf kf] ef]s nfu]sf] efg eof] . "yfs]sf a]nf kfs]sf] s]/f" eg]em}+
tftf] jf lr;f] kbfy{n] dhfn] g} lbFbf]/Ú} 5 an, cfTdan ;a} . xfdL
?s:ofsdf af]ss ] f ;fdfg lems]/ k]6k"hf u/] kZrft\ k'gM kxf8
r9\g nfUof}+ . hlt r9] klg r9f}+ r9f+} nfUg] . Pskl5 csf{] kq
b]lvg] ;okqL k"mnh:t} oxfFsf kxf8n] lt;{gf a9fO/x] . xfd|f]
ysfOn] stf 6fk s:of], kQ} ePg .
lbgel/sf] lxF8fOn] nvt/fg k/]sf xfdL, ;gaflhof]sf]
hª\unsf] / vf]nfsf] bf]efgdf xfdL h:t} hd{gLsf 3'dGt] ldqx¿
;Fu;Fu} al;of] Tof] /ft . ysfOsf sf/0fn] ubf{ s]xL If0f lbgdf
36]sf tfhf ukm u/]kl5 vfgf ksfP/ vfO{j/L tDa'leq lgb|fb]jL
kmsfpg yfNof}+ . t/ b'ef{Uojz laxfgsf] ^ ah] g} aflx/sf] l;¶L
km'sfOn] ubf{ xfdL ;a} cfcfˆgf] tDa'af6 h¥ofsh'?s p7]/ aflx/
lg:Sof}+ . aflx/ t e';lt3|] b'O{ hgf O6fnLsf] jg ljefusf kfn]x¿
Py]G;sf] em/L @@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
kf] . ToxfFsf k'ln;x¿n] Tof] ;fj{hlgs jg gePsf sf/0fn] ubf{
Ps nfv ln/f kmfOg ltg{] ls k'ln; l/kf]6{ u/f}+ eg]/ Psflaxfg}
lgxF' vf]Hg yfn] . csf{sf] b]zdf sxfF sfg'g hf]t/] a:g' . xfd|f] kfnf]
Ps nfv ln/f kfn]nfO{ a'emfP/ ld;'l/gftk{m nfUof}+ . O6fnLdf klg
g]kfnsf k'ln;n] h:t} 3'; vfPsf] b]Vbf of] 3'; eGg] lrh e';} eP
klg ld7f] dfg]/ vfFbf/}Ú5g\ htftt}sf dfgjn] eGg] yk k'li6
eof] .
laxfgsf] b; ah] g} ld;'l/gfsf] SofDk ;fO8df k'u/] cfh
/ftsf] nflu 7fpF 5flgof] . lxhf]sf] lxF8fOn] ubf{ ltg hgf u0f]z,
k'ik / kjgsf] v'§fdf kfgLkmf]sf cfPsf sf/0fn] ubf{ a]; SofDkd}
af; al;of] . pgLx¿nfO{ ToxLF 5f]8/] xfdL eg] cl:6«ofsf] l;dfgfdf
kg{] @,*#( ld6/sf] d':;]l6g eGg] lIflth;Fu nkSs 6fFl;Psf]
kftnf] lxdkxf8sf] yfKnf]lt/ nDSof}F .
ldh'l/gfaf6 sfjf]lgg x'bF } sf]l6{gfaf6 ufpF3/sf] af6f] l5rf]Nb}
kmfNhfl/of]df lrofkfg ug{ k'U5f}+ . "Sofk]m O6fnLsf]" Nof6] skmLn]
Hofg ttfPkl5 k'gM sfgfh]n ;x/ k'U5f},+ hxfF xfdLn] klxnf] /ft
latfPsf lyof}+ . ef]lnsf nflu O6fnLsf] 8f]lnld6L lxdz[ªv \ nf x]g{
af6f]lt/ nDsG5f}+ . lbgsf] l7s Ps ah] af]Nhsf] x'bF } l;nf8«f]
k'U5f}+ . df};d t dg} s7\ofpg] 5Fb} lyof], hlt tftf] skmL lkP
klg .Tof] /ft eg] dhfsf] 7fpFdf g} jf; a:g k'luP5 . hxfF Psb'O{
Kofnf eP klg 3'6S\ ofP/ /ftsf] sltah] uP/ la:t/fdf ;'ltof]
yfxf g} ePg .
O6fnLsf] of] e"efudf jif{el/ g} ko{6sx¿ c6'6\ /xgfsf]
sf/0fn] oxfFsf] ko{6sLo Joj;fo ;kmn ag]sf] /x]5 . lsgls lxpFb
Ct'df :sL, /s SnfOd, xfOlsª / k}bnofqf ug{ l:j6\h/NofG8,
hd{gL, a]nfot, k|mfG; nufot ljleGg /fi6«sf ko{6sx¿ oxfF
cf]Ol/g] u5{g\ . ha lxFp lalng yfN5, ta oxfFsf lxdkxf8x¿n]
Py]G;sf] em/L @# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
kq] r§fgdf sfFrn
' L km]g{ yfN5g\ . t/ dnfO{ ljlrq s] nfUof] eg]
Pp6} prfOdf /x]sf kxf8x¿ klg jNnf] kxf8 lgtfGt lxpFljxLg
eP/ plePsf] 5 t kNnf] kxf8 lxdkj{tsf] dfnf pg]/ .
oxfFsf lxdkxf8x¿sf] log} ljlzi6tfn] ubf{ g} ko{6s
cf]Ol/g] O6fnLsL o'jtL lnl/gn] atfOg\ . Psl5g xfdL ;Fu} a;]/
s'/fsfgL u¥of}+ . kxf8, kj{t / b]z ljb]zsf s'/f xfFSg l;kfNgL
lnl/gn] ce}m klg ;u/dfyfdf cfˆgf] kfOnf 6]s/] } 5f8\g] s'/fnfO{
xfdL;fd' JoQm ul/g\ .
oxfFsf] kxf8 r9\bf n]s gnfUg] sf/0fn] ubf{ pd]/sf
lx;fan] 8fF8f sf6]sf a'9fa'9Lx¿ klg xftdf b'j}lt/ nf}/fsf]
;xfotfn] psfnL–cf]xf| nL u/]sf] e]l6GYof] . ltgLx¿ ;fob g]kfnlt/
klg k'Ug EofPsfn] xf]nfÙ æcf/ o' k|md g]kfnÆ eg]/ k|Zg uy{] .
æg]kfnsf] 8fF8fsfF8f;Fu kl/lrt JolQmx¿nfO{ O6fnLsf kxf8x¿
r9\g gf] k|f]And eg]/ xfF:y] . ;fFRr} xfd|f ;fyLx¿ psfnL
cf]/fnLlt/ rfF8–\ rfF8f] lxF8b\ f c¿ b]zsf ko{6sx¿ kmsL{kmsL{
x]y]{ .
o;/L xfdL rf/lbg] lxdkxf8x¿sf] /;f:jfbgkl5 O6fnLsf]
blIf0fL efudf kg{] u0ftGq ;gdfl/of] glhs}sf] l/ldgL eGg] 6fk'tkm{
nfU5f}+ . pRr kxf8x¿sf] lr;f] atf;af6 xfdL 6fl9Fb} hfG5f}+
qmdzM cgf}7f] kf/fn] . lxdkxf8x¿ cf]em]lnG5g\ Pskl5 csf{]
ub{} . dg gld7f] tj/n] lrdf]l6g yfN5 leqleq} .
:ofp kfs]/ /ft} 5 . cª\u/' sf bfgf Aff]6el/ e'mlG8Psf
5g\ . 6fF8 kf/]/ cª\u/' sf nx/fx¿nfO{ ;dfn]sf 5g\ . k|foM ;a}
e"efudf of] ;do cªu'/sf] v]tL ul/Fbf] /x]5 . Pskl5 csf{
/dfOnf b[Zo b]lvg yfN5g\ . 8f]lnld6Laf6 l/ldgL k'Ug hDdf 5
306f nfUg] s'/f ToxfFsf afl;Gbfn] atfP . vf; xfdL l/ldgLtkm{
hfgfsf] sf/0f bf];|f] ljZjo'¢df Hofg u'dfPsf uf]vf{nLx¿sf]
Py]G;sf] em/L @$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
:df/s;Dd k'Ug' lyof] . Ps 306fsf] nfdf] ofqfkl5 l/ldgL sdL nfu]g oxfFsf af6f3f6f dnfO{ . ;f]rF] x}g xfd|f] g]kfn klg of]
uf]vf{ :df/ssf ;fOgaf]8x{ ¿ xfOj]sf] lbzflgb{z
] g af]8x{ ¿df b]lvg eGbf sdsf] 5}g k|fs[lts ;f}G+ bo{df . ;a} s'/f d]xgt / ljsf;sf
yfN5g\ . xfdL ;dod} k' U 5f} + . a;df ;' t ] / :jKgnf] s df cfof]hgfdf lge{/ kg{] s'/fx¿ x'g\ oL t . l:j6\h/NofG8 klg ;a}
x/fO/x]sfx¿nfO{ p7fpF5f}+ . ;dyn e"efun] ;d]l6Psf] 5 / oxfF emg\ g]kfnsf] eGbf ljs6
sl/a b; /f]kgL hUufdf ;+/lIft pQm :df/ssf] jl/kl/ kxf8, kj{t / le/kxf8x¿n] el/Psf 5g\ . le/fnf kfvfx¿df g}
sfF8] tf/sf] af/ nufOPsf] 5 . sDkfpG8df l5g{' cufj} cfuGt's dgUu] v]tL–kftL nufPsf 5g\ . oL ;a} s'/fx¿ ljsf;sf] ef}lts
k'l:tsfdf cfcfˆgf] gfd n]v/] leq k:5f}+ . pQm xftfleq ljleGg k"jf{wf/, ;+/rgf, cfly{s nufgLdf sd r'xfj6 / ;f] b]zsf
/ªsf u'nfasf k"mnx¿ /f]lkPsf lyP . k|To]s d[ts JolQmsf] gfd hgtfsf] OdfGbf/Lkg xf] of] .
;]tf 9'ªu\ fdf k|:6 n]lvPsf] 5 . hDdf ^!* hgfdWo] !& hgfsf] slt w]/} 6g]nx¿ . O6fnLaf6 k|mfG; cfpg hDdf $! j6f
gfd eg] lznfn]vdf n]lvPsf] 5}g, To;df ljleGg sf/0f x'g;S5g\ 6g]n Kff/ ul/of] . o;/L xfdL sl/a rf/ 306fkl5 l:j6\h/NofG8sf]
t/ o:tf] jL/x¿sf] gfdfjnL vf]hLlgtL ug{sf] nfuL g]kfn xl/ofnLn] dGqd'Uw kfg]{ kxf8 / /dfOnf ufpFx¿ 5f]8b\ } k|mfG;sf]
;/sf/, Oltxf;sf/ / ljåfg\x¿sf] Wofg hfg' lgtfGt cfjZos
lhjf]dgLdf k'U5f}+ . ToxfFaf6 sl/a !) 306fsf] nfdf] 8«fOleªkl5
b]lvG5 . xfdL ;a}n] k'iku'R5f ck{0f u¥of}+ . s]xL kmf]6f] lvr]/ xfdL
km]l/ ;gdfl/of]sf] psfnL r9\5f}+ . Ps 306fkl5 ;gdfl/of] 8f]e/ aGb/ufx x'bF } !,$%)) lsdLsf] nfdf] / clt /f]dfl~rt
k'U5f}+ . ToxfFsf afl;Gbfsf] d'Vo Jofkf/ /S;L /x]5 . ;/f]h efOn] P8e]Gr/ 6«l] gª ;s]/ lgof;|f] clg k'mË p8]sf] cN8/;f]6 Aof/]s
Ps af]tn lslgxfn] . d}n] klg ;f]elg/sf] nflu ToxfFs} 6fk'sf] k'U5f}+ .
cfsf/df agfPsf] £ofDk] kf/fsf] Pp6f lsg]F . ef]lnkN6 laxfg}
a]nfot kmls{gk' g{] sf/0fn] ubf{ a]nfd} ;'ltof] . af6fdf O6fnLsf
7'nf–7'nf ;x/ kfdf{, ldnfg x'bF } l:j6\h/NofG8sf l;dfgf5]p n'hgdf [
uP/ lr;f] /ftdf dhfn] ;'ltof] . laxfgsf] vfhf vfg afn]h eGg]
7fpFdf k'U5f}+ .
l:j6\h/NofG8sf /d0fLo b[Zox¿ d]/f cfFvfdf gc6fP/
kf]lvG5g\ 5tf5'Nn . 8fF8fkfvf htftt} g]kfnsf h:tf 3/}3/ .
k|To]s 3/sf] 5]psf] s6]/fdf sr]6sf bfp/fsf rfªsf rfª . ;fg}
eP klg cnsq] ;8s tyf s]a'nsf/ k'u]sf] x/]s 3/df .
;8sv08x¿ klg hª\unsf] laraf6 lkn/ nufP/ ¿vsf
xf/fxf/Ldf k'¥ofOPsf 5g\ . ;8s slt ;kmf x'g\ . l;ª\ufk'/eGbf
Py]G;sf] em/L @% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L @^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

Py]G;sf] em/L
pgLx¿ ;flxTonfO{ cfˆgf] uf}/jsf] ljifo 7fGb5g\ . xfdLsxfF
cg'Tkfbs dflgG5 . ToxL km/s b]lvof] . pgn] atfP, …gofF
;flxTosf/nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg lbg] gLlt x'G5, xfd|f] pgnfO{ l;h{gzLn
n]vgsf nflu j[lQ lbOG5 . pgsf] k':ts k|sflzt ul/G5 .
k'/:sf/x¿sf] Joj:yf 5 . oL ;a u/]sf] ;flxTodf gofF cfO/xf];\
eg]/ xf] .Ú
-hd{gLM gofF cfFugdf kfOnf 6]Stf_ –w|'jrGb| uf}td
d O/fsaf6 cfˆgf] sfo{sfn ;s]/ a]nfot kmls{b+ } lyPF .
sDkgLn] lbPsf] ;doeGbf s]jn b'O{ lbg cufl8 a]nfotdf hfg]
laGtLkq b'O{ dlxgf cufl8 g} r9fPF, t/ klg sDkgLsf e/f}6]
sdfG8/x¿sf] x}sdjfbL dgf]efj / oyfl:yltsf] sfo/tfkg ;]nfPsf]
b]lvPg . of] ztfAbL;Dd cfOk'Ubf klg dxfzox¿sf] dgdf lbUe|ldt
nf5Lkg b]lvof] . cGttf]uTjf r'krfk d ltgLx¿sf] d'vdf 3fF;sf]
Psd'7f] a'hf] sf]rf/]/ #%) 8n/ cfˆg} vNtLaf6 lt/]/ afh|faf6
:sfO Pc/nfOG; dfkm{t s'jt] k'U5' @^ tfl/v hgj/L @))(
df . lal6«; ;fd|fHojfbsf] sfnf] 5fk cem} klg oxfFsf hgtfdf
gd]l6P em} k|foM xfd|f pRr kbsf laNnf leg{] uf]vf{nL bfh' efOsf
dgdf klg uf]ak]| gsf] k5f}6] dgf]efj oyfjt\ /x]sf] b]Vbf l;Sg'kg{]
lgSs} b]lvG5 .
Py]G;sf] em/L @& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
b'O{ lbgk"j{ g} a]nfotdf k'Ug'sf] sf/0f eg] ls/fFt ;'gj' f/
;dfh o'sn ] ] …ls/fFt ;d'bfox¿lar ;'dw'/ ;DaGw tyf d/fdz{Úsf]
Ps P]ltxfl;s cGtM;+jfb cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . a]nfotdf k'u/]
tof/L ug{k' g{] sf/0fn] ubf{ cln cufj} hfg] hdsf{] u/]sf] lyPF .
;f]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ d @( tfl/v cufj} k'Ug' ;fGble{s eP/ g} xf],
of] lgj]bg d]/f l;lgP/ uf]/f tyf uf]vf{nL ;'k/efOh/x¿nfO{
r9fPsf] lyPF t/ k6s k6s lnlvt lgj]bg lbFbf klg :jLs[lt
gkfPkl5 cfˆg} vr{df Py]G; x'bF } a]nfot hfg] lgwf] u/F] .
w]/} k6s Py]G;sf] Pqmf]kf]ln; / l;GtfUdf -k|frLg ;x/sf]
gfd_ ;'g] klg pQm e"lddf kfOnf 6]Sg] df}sf eg] ldn]sf] lyPg .
To;}n] d}n] klg …kz'kltsf] hfqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/Ú eGg] pvfg la;{g
;lsgF . a; s'//] a:g]sf] le8 t 5Fb} lyof] . h'g b]zdf ofqf
u/] klg dflg;sf] le8 / xf]xNnf gx'g] 7fpF eg] b]Vof 5}g cfh;Dd
d}n] .
n]vs cfˆg} kmf]6f]
Py]G;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] kfFr gDa/sf] u]6af6
aflx/ lgl:sPkl5 a;sf] l6s6 sf6\5', ltg o'/f] la; ;]G6
lt/]/ . a; kv{G5' d . sl/a kfFr ldg]6 kZrft\ l7s )&M#) ah]
(% gDa/sf] a; r9]/ d PSn} alQG5' Pqmf]k] f]ln;sf] y'Dsf]lt/ .
Pqmf]kf]ln; (Acropolis) lu|s zAb xf] . o;sf] cy{ x'G5,
Py]G;sf] em/L @* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
wfl/nf] ;x/ . t/ oxfF Py]G;sf] kljq 9'Ëfsf] kxf8 elgG5 .
a; r9]/ l6s6 Pp6f kx+]Fnf] aS;sf] c6f]d]l;gdf
3';f/]kl5 ofqLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof ulgFbf] /x]5 . a;sf ;a} l;6x¿
Ps} l5gdf el/G5g\ . d a;]sf] l7s cufl8sf] l;6df ltg hgf
sfnf hfltsf cNnf/] s]6fs]6Lx¿n] sfg} vfg] u/]/ ukm u5{g\ .
;/sf/ / cleefjsn] cg'zf;gsf] hlt g} lzIffbLIff lbP klg
To;nfO{ gdfGg' cfhsf p/G7]pnf gfgLx¿sf] kl/ro g} ePsf]
5 . Ps hgf a;leq}sf] ofq'n] lu|; efiffdf xkf/]sf] s'/f p;sf
h'uF fsf] kmkm{/fOaf6 a'lemGYof] . t}klg s] sf] 6]/k'R5/ nufpFy]
tL a];f]dt p/G7]pnfn] . Ps l5gkl5 ltgLx¿n] k'gM xNnf ug{
yfn] dfx'/L e'ge'gfPem}F a]tf]8;Fu .
a;sf] ult xfOj]df hlt tLj| lyof] Tolt g} lyof] dgdf
pT;'stf¿kL pi0ftfsf] . ;8ssf aQLx¿ laxfgLsf] ;"os { f] k|sfzaf6
cf]em]lnFb} lyP . afofFlt/ b]lvg] kxf8sf] 3'D6f] afbnn] 5f]ks ] fn]
dflyNnf] efu b]Vg} ;lsgF . afh|fsf] ;dy/ efudf afn'jfsf] /
phf8kgn] lgofl;|Psf] d]/f] dg kxf8 b]Vg] lalQs} ;':t/L el/g
yfNof] . ufpFdf 5Fbf 3/s} cfFugaf6 b]lvg] k"jl{ t/sf xl/of kxf8,
;Nnf / l7ª\/]sf] hËnsf] yfKnfdf 3'/]sf] tfd]8fF8f / lxdfn
uf}/Lzª\s/sf] bz{gdf 6Dd /dfpg] dg ljb]zdf st} cfh;Dd
/ldPg . xfd|f kxf8, kj{t, lxdfn vf]nfgfnf eg]sf xfd|}
x'g\ . h;sf] lt;{gf d]6g\ c¿ b]zdf ;lhn} kfOGg . vf]h/] ;lsGg
e]§fpg . afudtL uGxfP klg, ;'sk] lg To;sf] dxŒj cs}{ 5 .
Tof] b]lvg] kxf8sf] 6'Kkf];Dd oL cfFvfx¿n] k5Øfpg
vf]h] . pQm 8fF8f jl/kl/ 7'N7'nf :of6]nfO6sf l8:sx¿ lyP .
af6fsf ;;fgf ahf/x¿sf] a; la;f}gLdf a]nf a]nfdf /f]lsG5f+} .
l;dl;d] em/Ln] dg lr:ofO/x]5 . PSnf] ofqfn] s]xL xb;Dd
PlSnPsf] cg'ejdf a};fvL vf]H5' d .
Py]G;sf] em/L @( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
l;GtfUdf ;x/df klg o:t} kfgL k/]df s]sf] wLt dg{] 3'dfO
ef] / < dg Ps tdf;n] s'lF 8/x]5 . ;8s bfofFafofFsf b[Zox¿df
lgSs} g} km/s kfpF5,' c¿ o'/f]kn] L ;x/x¿sf bfFhfdf . 3[twf/f
h:t} w'dlnPsf 3/x¿af6 em/]sf] kfgL . tL 3/sf /ªx¿ Dffgf}F
ev{/ k/]sf] kfgLn] kvflnFb} 5g\ t/ d]/f] dg eg] kf]ltFb} 5 gofF
k|bz
] sf] gofF b[Zon] .
df;'sf bf]sfgx¿, lslr|ª–ldlr|ª k/]sf k;nx¿ b]Vbf
s;/L dfGg] dfgj ;Eotfsf] klxnf] k|tLssf] b]z eg]/ . d dgdg}
3f]lTng yfN5' / klg 5f]6o\ fpFb} 5' af6f], Pp6f ;Eotfsf] P]ltxfl;s
7fpF l;GtfUdfsf] Pqmf]k] f]ln; h'g cfw'lgs o'usf] ;ftf}+ cfZro{dWo]
Ps kb{5 . j[tlrq x]/e ] m}+ efU5g\ oxfFsf ;a} lrhx¿ PsfPs .
cf]emlnG5g\ kxf8x¿ . cf]emlnG5g\ psfnL / cf]/fnL / ;a};a} .
of] x':;'sf bu'/fOn] g]kTYodf lsg 5]ss
] f oxfFsf gf}nf
nfUg] b[Zox¿ < d]/f oL 6f]8Ns] k/]sf cfFvfx¿ lglj{sf/ eP .
a;rfnsn] psfnL–psfnL k/]sf] a;kfs{df nu]/ a;sf] OlGhg
ckm u5{ . ;a} ofq'x¿ cf]ln{Psfn] d klg ToxLF g} em5'{ . d ha
l;GtfUdfsf] pBfgdf cf]nG{ 5' M
— l;GtfUdf ;x/ oltv]/ klg ?lem/x]sf] b]V5' g]kYodf .
— lqm;d;df oyfjt\ /flvPsf s[lqd w"kLsf ¿vx¿
?lem/x]5g .\
— hflkof Kofn]; ?lem/x]5 .
— af]6flgs auFr } f ?lem/x]5 .
kxf8x¿ qmdzM dfgfl:t/fsL, sf]nfgfsL / Nofsfj]6'; klg
?lem/x]5g\ . ?lem/x]5 a8]dfsf] ejg Py]G; .
— kfln{ofd]G6 xfp; ?lem/x]5 .
— d t emg\ To;} ?lem/x]5' .
— v';Ldf ?lem/x]5' lgy|S' s .
Py]G;sf] em/L #) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
 t/ Py]G;sf] 3gf a:tLsf] /fhwfgL l;GtfUdf :SjfP/sf]
;x/df d]/f] leqL dg eg] k6Ss} ?e]ms} 5}g lsg lsg . d cem}+
kfgLn] :gfg ul//x]5' . d lu|;n ] L z}nLdf Ps}l5g eP klg 8'Ag]
k|of;df 5' . oxfFsf hgdfg;sf] z}nLdf lemg} ePklg k|oTg
ul//x]5' leHg] . gug{ vf]Hg' kf] cgy{ nfUnf clzi6tf 7x/ xf]nf,
enf] s'/fdf t ;Daf]wg ug{' klg t l;Sg' k¥of] lg .
d l7Ë pleP/ k|frLg ;x/sf] pBfgdf jqm/]vf sf]b}{ 5' .
bfofFafofF rf/}lt/ x]bf{ klg Pqmf]kf]ln;sf] kxf8 gb]vk] l5 glhs}sf]
5fk|] k;ndf uP/ ;f]wk'5 u5{' . k;n]n] …l;GtfUdfsf] 6«g] :6];gaf6
csf{] :6]; emg{Ú" ToxLF g} b]Vg]5f} Pqmf]k] f]ln; eg]kl5 d nfU5'
l;GtfUdfsf] Kn]6kmfd{lt/ n'?n'? .
ha d pqG5' Pqmf]k] f]ln;sf] :6];gaf6 clg a9\5' cufl8
/ b]V5' Pqmf]kf]ln;sf] kq] kxf8 . leh]/ lr;f] ePsf] of] z/L/
aflkmg yfN5 .
ljZjsf] Pp6f k|Voft :df/s . lu|; b]znfO{ dfq glrgfP/
ljZjdf lrlgg] Pp6f ljz]if dxŒjn] el/Psf] ljlzi6 ;f+:s[lts
;x/ . kfFrf}+ ztfAbLdf lgld{t k[YjLsf] jf:t'snfsf] klxnf] k|tLs .
Py]G;sf] em/L #! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
dfgj ;Eotfsf] uf]N8]g Phsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] Pp6} dfq
pbfx/0fLo :df/s h'g hldgdf geO{sg r§fgsf] kxf8df lgld{t
ul/Psf] k'/ftŒjsf] Pp6} dfq j[Qv08 lzNkljBfdf .
d x'lQFb} 5' pe}lt/ . v'nf af6fdf g sf/ kfs{ ul/Psf
lyP, g t dfG5]sf] le8 g} lyP . b]a]| efudf !( / @)cf}+ ztfAbLdf
agfOPsf clt nf]enfUbf 3/x¿ lyP . tL 3/x¿nfO{ Toltv]/
Pqmf]k] f]ln;sf] sfkaf6 l5/]sf] k|sfzn] xNsf :kz{ lbFb} lyof] eg]
hldgaf6 p7]sf] afkmn] Tof] lbgsf] Gjf/fg ub{} .
p8\b} lyP r/fx¿ j;f{tkl5sf] laxfgLdf rf/f] vf]Hg .
d]/f] dgdf eg] pd|bF } lyof] sf}tx" nsf] v8]/L . ;'Sb} lyPF d / ;'Sb}
lyof] Pqmf]kf]ln; kxf8 laxfgLsf] Gofgf] 3fdn] . dg ;ª\nf] eP/
alxd{v' e}/x]Yof] Pqmf]kf]ln; y'Dsf]lt/} .
d]/f] bfofFkl§ 8fof]g; lyP6/ af6faf6 k|:6 eg] b]lvPg
hlt g} 3fF6L tGsfP/ x]/] klg . wLt\ dg{] u/L kl5 kfly{gg\sf]
;F3f/sf] af/bnLg]/ pleP/ x]/F] . ;aeGbf k'/fgf] sf]qm] gfr3/
-sf]qmf] cfsf/sf] ePsfn]_ hxfF Tof] ;dodf gf6s d~rg uy{,]
7'nf–7'nf sfo{qmd uy]{ .
s]xL cufl8 k'uk] l5 km]l/ csf{] lx/f]8f; lb Pl6s';, bf];f| ]
ztfAbLdf lgld{t Wjlg k|efljt lyP6/ ePsfn] cem} klg ljleGg
gfrufg x'g] u5{ oxfF . ;;fgf xl/of a'6ØfgnfO{ pl5Gb} l6s6
clkm;g]/ k'U5' . !@ o'/f]sf] l6s6 lsg]kl5 d km]l/ gS;f kN6fpFb}
k|fl] klnofsf] leq k:g] 6]Dkn ckm PK6]/f];lgsL -h;nfO{ sflnqmf6];n]
$@) cf}+ ztfAbLdf lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP_ tkm{ nfU5' . d d'Vo åf/af6
:jf§ l55{,' lu|;sf ufO8 ug{] cwa}; + ] lu|;n
] L lbbLalxgLsf] a];f/
3;fO lgDtf] gsfb{} . pgLx¿n] eg] x'g,\ s:tf] nf]eL dfG5] .
;DejtM kfhL klg eg] xf]nfg\ dnfO{ . cGt{dgleq l5g{ g;lsg]
ePsfn] csf{n] h] eg] klg /fd|} eg] x'g\ eGb} r9\g yfn]F psfnf],9'Ëfsf]
Py]G;sf] em/L #@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
v'6lsnf g} v'6lsnf .
d cfˆg} /ˆtf/df x'lQFb} lyPF . /dfpFb} lyPF . e'mlDdGb}
lyPF . ToxfFsf] /ª\uLg laxfgLdf . xftdf ToxfFsf] gS;f ePkl5 lsg
rflxof] ufO8 . ;a}yf]s t 5 .
Py]G; plw|Psf] 5 oltv]/ . d klg v'ns ] f] 5' laxfgLsf]
x':;' sf7df8f+} vfN8fdf v'ne
] mF} dWofXg kvsf] .
s]xL v'6l\ snf r9]kl5 lgsL dlGb/sf] 9f]sfg]/ k'U5' d .
lgsL dlGb/sf] l;lnª rf/ efudf ljeflht ul/Psf] /x]5 .
k"jk{ l§sf] dflyNnf] efudf eujfg\sf d"lt{ sf]l/Psf 5g\ eg] c¿
afFsL efudf P]ltxfl;s sfnv08sf n8fOFsf lrqx¿ sf]l/Psf
5g\ . To;}n] elgG5 ljhosf] k|tLs xf] lgsL dlGb/ . ha lgsL
dlGb/nfO{ oyfjt\ /fVb} c¿ v'6l\ snf r9\g yfN5' , $#& b]lv $#@
O;fk"j{df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ljzfn 9'Ëfdf s'FlbP/ 78\ØfOPsf
vDafx¿Aff6 pFef] r9]kl5 aNn Pqmf]kf]ln;sf] kfy{g] g\sf] ;F3f/df
k'U5' . of] kfFrf}+ ztfAbLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
k"jk{ l§sf] åf/df eujfg\ Py]gf hlGdPsf] b;f{OPsf] 5 .
klZrddf eujfg\ Py]gf / kf];l] 8jg -;d'b| / 3f]8fsf b]jtf_ n]
xfnsf] Py]G; ;x/ k|flKtsf] nflu n8fOF u/]sf] s'/f Ps kf}/fl0fs
tYo dflgG5 . t/ n8fOFdf pgsf] xf/ ePsf sf/0f Py]gfn] Py]G;
/ cf]lnesf] af]6 lu|;sf hgtfnfO{ pkxf/ lbP5g\ . cfh cfP/
klg cf]lne t]n t ljZjdf k|Voft 5 . kf];l] 8jg O/]ry]p; 3f]8f
/ ;d'bs| f b]jtf eP klg /y / 8'Ëf eg] eujfg\ Py]gfn] g} agfPsf
lyP eg]/ Oltxf;df n]lvPsf] 5 . oL b'js } f] zlQm ;lDd>0f u/]/
…qf]hgÚ o'¢ klg n8]sf lyP /] . oL s'/fdf ce}mF klg a]nf a]nfdf
ljjfb eg] rNg] u/]sf] kfOG5 ljlslkl8ofsf kfgflt/ .
bfofF afofFsf ;x/x¿ rsdGg 5g\, t/ 5}g d]/f] dg .
ljleGg u|k' df ljeflht ko{6sx¿ k|foM Pl;ofaf6} cfPsf lyP .
Py]G;sf] em/L ## s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
oxfFaf6 b]lvg] 7fpFx¿ cf]nlDks :6]l8Pd, hflkof]g, sf]nf]gfsLsf]
Nofsfj]6f]; l5/la/] kxf8 / Py]G;sf] ljzfn ;x/n]] lgZro g}
dgdf Psk|sf/sf] zflGt lbnfpFYof] . lg/fdo agfpYof] s]xL xb;Dd
ePklg .
Pqmf]k] f]ln; 8fF8fs} k"jL{ efudf h]p; kf]lncf]; / klZrd
efudf cfof]lgs l/bdsf] dlGb/ 5 . To;}u/L klZrd efusf] $)%
O;fk"jd
{ f agfOPsf] O/]lSyof]g cjl:yt 5 . of] klg b'O{ efudf
ljeflht 5 . pQ/L efudf afb{nL lgsflnPsf] 5 eg] blIf0fL
efudf b'O{j6f eujfg\x¿ qmdzM Pl6sf P]y]gf / kf];]l8cg
O/]ry]p;sf] hxfF eujfg\ Py]gf / kf];l] 8cgsf] pkf;gf ul/GYof]
elgPsf] 5 . ;DejtM kf];l] 8cg O/]ry]p; oxLF hlGdPsf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
ca d oltv]/ cfˆg} kmf]6f] lvRg e'ns
] fn] Ps b'Oj{ 6f
tl:a/x¿ lvrfpFb} csf{] Ps kmGsf] nufpF5' Pqmf]kf]ln;nfO{ .
Py]G; lgb|faf6 glapFemb} d p;sf kljq cËx¿nfO{ r'Dg EofO;s]sf]
x'G5' . lgb|f layf]ln;s]sf] x'G5' .
of] k[YjLsf] c/af}+ dfgjn] b]vs ] f], r'ds
] f], 5f]Psf] / w]/}
zAbn] j0f{g ul/;s]sf] eP klg d}n] klg s]xL n]Vg] hdsf{]
ul//x]sf] lyPF . tf]if eg{] lgwf{] af3rfn v]Nb} lyPF .
Py]G;sf] em/L #$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
— sljtfdf 5f]6f x'g] eP j0f{g .
— syf a]kfqsf x'g] eP d]/f kftnf cIf/x¿ / zAbx¿df .
a? lgofqfdf g}+ 6Dd afFwe " mF} nfUof] . a'ge ] f ;a}
F" mF} nfUof], b]vs
b[Zox¿ t/ 5f]8/] af6f] nfUb} 5' y'k}| c¿ oxfF 3'Dg gkfPsf 7fpFx¿
cfh d . h:t}M g];gn cfls{of]nf]lhsn ;ª\ux| fno, g];gn uf8{g] , dhf/f;l/kmb]lv 6f/vf]h;Dd
a]gfsL cflb t}klg km]l/ eljiodf 3'Dg] jfrf /fVb} d Py]G;sf]
em/Laf6 a]nfotsf] lr;f] v]Kg af6f] nfU5' kfFr gDa/sf] l;6L a;
r9]/ Py]G;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynlt/ dgsf] kf6fdf 6Dd Py]G;s}
clg xfdL s'OSF s s'OgF 6] fdf km/km/fO/x]sf] £ofªsf] 5]ja} f6
k|sl[ tsf] 8f]/Ln] afFWb} .
5f]6f] af6f] ;dfTg plSnof}+ psfnf] . afSnf], 3gf jgleq 5f}+
xfdL . af6f] 5 gfd dfqsf], ˆof:;–ˆof:; lrlKnG5g\ anf}6] af6fdf
xfd|f v'§fx¿ . l;?kft] emf/n] emkSs}} 5 af6f] . bd k'mn]/ d/0ffGt}
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eof}+ xfdL le/ gf£bf .
æhLjgdf o:tf psfnf slt sf6\g' 5 .Æ
ts{gf 5g\ 5ftLdf .
æPsl5g a;f}+ .Æ ;fnsf] a'6fdf c8]l;Fb} af]n] b]jG] b| .
æoq}l;t .Æ yfg]Zj/sf] klg ;xdlt b]lvof] . clg d klg
y]lRrPF .
-cgfd kxf8df kmgkmgLaf6_ – o'j/fh gofF3/]
gofF 7fpFlt/ kfOnf nDsfpg kfpFbf stf–stfaf6 s]sg]
ePh:tf] x'g] leqleq} . vGt/dGt/ hGt/dGt/ cflb OToflb . lji0f'
/ x]dGt efOn] cfcfˆgf ;/;fdfg cl3 g} NofG8q'mh/sf] 5tdf
afWg EofO;s]5g\ . bz lbgsf] nflu clUg bfOn] k]m| ; /f;g rfdn,
cb'jf, n;'g, g'gv';f{gL ;lxt 8Aaf–8AaLsf, nGrg ld6, laG; /
xfF8fefF8f, UofF;, UofF;sf] r'Nxf ;a}–;a} . rf/j6f NofG8q'mh/ 6Gg
b]V5' . Tof] vs{df ebf}/] e+; } L p3|fP em}+ . uf]nLuÝf t 5b+5
} .
kf]r;
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Py]G;sf] em/L #% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L #^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
uf8Lsf :k]o/ k]6f« n
] , uf8L lau|bF f tfGg] 8f]/L ;'/z
] / lji0f'n] tof/ af6fdf hfFbfhf+b} Ps hgf aGb'swf/Ln] ctfln+b} xfd|f] uf8L
kfb}{ lyP . /f]Sof] PSsfl; . kl;gf pld|xfNof] lr6\lr6\ lgwf/df . bf]ef;]n]
kfykmfOG8/ -a]nfPtsf] Pp6f :k];n kmf];_{ n] af6f]3f6f]bl] v pNyf u/]kl5 dfq s'/f] a'lemof], vs{df afv|f r/fpFb} u/]sf] jif{ !%
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cjnf] s g u/] k l5 xfd| f ] kfF r hgfsf] 8ˆkmf Tof] 7fF p df 9\ØfDd} lbP5, sgr]6Ldf uf]nLn] . xTof/f ToxLF ufFpd} n's/] a;]sf]
k'lu ;Sof lyof] / k|fu] fd klg to u/]/ xfdLnfO{ af]nfPsf lyP x'gfn] xfd|f] ;xof]u dfUg xfd|f] uf8L /f]ss
] f] /x]5 . xfdLn] rf/}lt/
ltnf]rg bfOn] . k|f]ufd r}+ s] lyof] eg], ToxfFsf afl;Gbfsf] af6 3]¥ofF,} t/ ToxfFsf 3/x¿ k|foM Ps csf{df hf]l8P/ dfs'/fsf]
x]Ny r]s / ufpFdf ePsf xftxltof/ ;ª\sng ug{] ;fy;fy} hfnf] h:t} ag]sf x'gfn] ;dfTg xDd] k¥of] .
O/fgaf6 cfPsf 3';k}7LnfO{ lgu/fgL /fVg] . d ;~rf/ ljefusf] x'gfn] cd]l/sg :of6fnfO6åf/f
— xfdL x'lQG5f}+ w'n] sRrL af6fsf Rofk}–Rofk . x]8Sjf6{/df ;Dks{ u/]/ w'n] ;8sdf g} al;/fVof lyPF ldq
— ckmufgsf] pQ/L efusf] k'm;|f kxf8}–kxf8 . lji0f';uF . uf]nLsf] cfjfh 8\ØfDd alh|of] sfg}sf] hfnf]g/] km]l/ .
— /Ë}–/Ësf] kxf8 . t/]nL kxf8 . sfgsf u|lGyx¿ l6lggL /lGsP . SofF km;fb Û æ6]s se/Æ lnof}+
— le/}–le/ . b'an
} ] . Psl5g;Dd km]l/ st} klg s]xL cfjfh gcfPkl5 xfdL w'nf]
— d?e"ld g} d?e"ld . 6s6Dofpb}+ p7\5f}+ .
— tL/}tL/, nHhfQ . jf:tjdf uf]nL k8\sfpg]x¿df ltg} rf]/ df]/fx¿ /x]5g\ .
— afO/f]6sf] af6f]df w'nf] p8fpFb} s]xLl5g kZrft\ Pp6f e'mk|Laf6 xft 6fpsf]eGbf dfly prfn]/
aflx/ cfP n:s/} . ‰Øfke'mKk kf/]/ ;dfTof}}+ / :yfgLo k|x/LnfO{
a'emfP/ km]l/ vf]nfsf] tL/ x'bF } aUg yfNof}+ pwFp
} wf]F w'n] af6fdf
w'nfsf] d':nf] p8fpFb} . Tolt ;lhnf] lyPg af6f] sf6\g' . 3/L af6f]
x/fpg], 3/L 6fo/ kªr/, 3/L nf]sn afl;Gbfsf] nf]sn s'/f, cf]xf]
k|To]s la;f}gLdf cfcfˆg} ;d:ofn] ufFlhPsf ck\mufgL ldqx¿,
dgx¿, hxfF xfdL t/]/ tg}{ g;lsg] .
s;}n] kNnf] ufFpsfn] n'6kft u/]Ú/], s;}n] lxhf] dfq}
dhfl/;l/kmsf] lgnf] d:s– xkmuflg:yfg d]/f] Ps hgf dfG5] df¥of] /], s;}n] Ogf/ k'//] kfgL lkpgaf6
jl~rt kf/]Ú/], d]/L af:;} ;a}sf PsPs j6f dgsf sxfgL ;'Gbf t
bz lbg ToxfFsf] j:t'l:ylt a'em\ g xfdL bz hgfs} 6f]nL hubLz bfOsf] cGtd{gsf] ofqf eGbf afSnf] x'GYof] xf]nf n]Vg] g} xf]
vl6Psf lyof},+ b'O{ hgf lkm/ËL sdfG8/ ;lxt . eg] oL hfltsf cfTdfsyfx¿ .
Py]G;sf] em/L #& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L #* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
 Ps}l5gsf] u8\Øfªu'8'ª\n] w'n] ;8s leh]/ lxnfdf
kl/0ft . Nof;Nof:tL k/]sf /ftf lrD6]df6fsf] /hfOF . clg t xfd|f
lrNnf uf8Lx¿ lxn]df5f h:tf Noft]Koft] eP Ps}l5gd} . 3/L
tNnf] 5]p, 3/L kNnf] t slxn] cyfx kfgL ePsf] vfN6f]lt/
ntkltg yfn] a8f] l5lNnFbf] kf/fn] . ;'/z] hLnfO{ a8f] sl7g ef]
sG6«fn ] df Nofpg . d eg] lrpFlrpF x'bF } kfvfsf pd|s ] f ;Kt
OGb|0] fLnfO{ s}b ug{ Sofd/fsf] 9sgL k'R5\g yfnF] . ;fyLx¿ 3'g{
yfn] lrl8ofvfgfsf lrt'jf 3'/] em}+ .
ufO{afv|f r/fpg] uf]7fnfx¿ Kffvfsf cf]8f/df cf]t nfu]/
a;]sf lyP . xfd|f ;af/Ln] u'6'6'6' glhs} cfP . ;a} hgf
l67nfUbf . la:s'6 / rsn]6 afF8o\ f}+ /f;gleqsf Kofs]6 vf]n/] .
Ps hgf eg] nfhn] d'v 5f]k]/ al;/lxg\ cf]8f/ 5]pg]/ t/
pGsf] a};
+ nfO{ eg] ;a}n] y's lgn] 3'63 ' 6' ' . slQ rfF8f] laFplemg
EofP5g\ df]/fx¿ kfkL dg pdf/]/ .
Pp6f crDdsf] vf]Frdf k'Uof}+ . lgofqfsf/ gofF3/]
bf}Ft]/L;Fu cgfd kxf8df x/fPe}+m Tof] 8/nfUbf] vfF]rdf xfdL
kfFr hgf x/fof}+ a]kQf;Fun] . rf/}lt/ kxf8 . ljr}df vf]nfsf]
lgZ5n ;':s]/f . kf]v/fsf] dx]Gb| u'kmfdf k:bf x'Kk ePe}m+ . rf/}lt/
wfl/nf] cUnf] kTy/] 8fF8fsf] lIflth . xfdL dflysf] dfq Ps 6'qmf
cfsfz . t];df klg sfnf afbnsf] c6\6xf; .
uf8L 3RofSs /f]lsof] . bf]ef;] ldqx¿sf] cNnfxnfO{
lbgsf] clGtd k6s ;Demg] ;do . pgLx¿ 3f]lK6g yfn] 3F8' f
6]s/] . xfdL eg] lxnfn] ntkltPsf] uf8L w'g tD:of}F sDd/
s;]/ . lkm/ª\uLn] pkGof; k9\g yfNof], r'Rr] gfssf] 8fF8Ldf r:df
ldnfpFb} .
Psl5gkl5 s'/f]df s'/f] lg:s]kl5 bf]ef;]n ] ] of] 7fFpdf s]xL
jif{ klxn] 7'nf] n8fOF x'bF f dfly b]lvg] 8fF8faf6 uf]nf af?b a;f{t
Py]G;sf] em/L #( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ubf{ ;a} :jfxf ePYof]Ú/] . x'g klg slQ sxfnL nfUbf] vfFr ] lyof]
Tof] . x'Kk u'lD;Psf] efg x'g] . ‰ofn 9f]sf y'g/] a:bf sf]7fdf
clS;hgsf] sldn] x'Kkx'Kk ePem}+ . PSsfl; 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf g}
k'luP5 . lar af6fdf g} £ofRofSs} /f]Sg'ef] uf8L ;'/z ] hLn] . xfd|f]
uf8Lsf] 6fP/ kªr/ eP5 . tft]/ vlk;Sg' lyPg uf8L . xQgkQ
cufl8sf] af]g6] vf]Nof}+ . of] 8fF8faf6 tnsf] ls/ldl/Psf] a:tL x]bf{
cfsfzaf6 wtL{df b]lvg] b[Zo h:t} nfUof] .
tntn b]lvg] e'OF s'lx/fsf] bu'/fOn] dg aflkmof] . sfFrf]
df6f] / sf7n] ag]sf uf]a/ yfk|f h:tf] df6fsf 3/af6 tL 8fF8fsf
jfl;Gbfx¿ lgl:sP jiff{ofdsf] l5lrld/f tftf] hldgaf6 lgl:sP
em}F / e'mlKkP e'm?Kk eP/ af?nfsf rfsf h;/L xfd|} jl/kl/ .
;'/z] / lji0f'n] 5/] km]l/ rsn]6sf 8Nnfx¿ ljjfxsf] lgDtfdf
;'kf/L afF8] em+} . cfˆg" eg] e'8F Lsf] s'gf s'gfdf d';f bu'g{ yfn]sf]
s'/f s] cf]snfO eof] / o;jvt . rkfpg yfn]F s/d s/d ltg}
ld7fOsf bfgf d}n] klg .
æx}g cfh t ef]s klg nfUb}g of/ kfgL Kof; dfq}Æ lji0f' efOn]
klxnf] k|xf/ u/] .
lkm/ª\uLn] klg slQ g a'he] m}+ lkml;Ss xfF;/] ufnf d'hf
kf/] clg 6'Dn]6sf] kfgLn] d'v /;fP . af6f] klg s:tf] lslr|ª–
ldlr|ª . xlNnP/} ulnof] cfh t .
cGgsf bfgf k/]sf 5}gg\ cfh . Psrf]l6 af6fdf /f]lsFbf
Ps rf]O6f v/a'hf le/fn] kfvfaf6 l6k]/ vfPb]lv c¿ r+} x]Ssf
ePg . crDd nfU5, o:tf ;'Vvf d?e"ldsf kfvf kv]?df klg
cGt st}af6 6kSs l6k]/ NofO{ e'mG8fPh:tf /x/nfUbf v/a'hf
kmn]sf] b]Vbf . e]6g\ f] r'l8Pdf k'U5g\ cs{} ;+;f/, To:tf v/a'hf
kmNg] le/fnf kxf8 sd} xf]nfg\ g]kfndf klg .
Py]G;sf] em/L $) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

le/} le/sf] kxf8df ckmufgL ufFpn]x¿
kfl/kl§ b]lvg] t/]nL kxf8nfO{ b]vfpFb} bf]ef;] ldq df]xDdbn]
6f/vf]h pm Tof] kxf8af6 bfFof, To;kl5 Tof] gfua]nL kfvf] clg
cf]/fnf] cfpF5, To;kl5 nf]sn r]skf]OG6, clg s]xL ;;fgf
vf]nfx¿ clg dfq 6f/vf]hsf] EofnL b]lvG5, kmnfs] dHhfn]
bf]ef;] ldq df]xDdbn] ePe/sf cª\uh ]| L zAbx¿ 5/k|:6 kf/]/ .
x/] Û slt nfdf] af6f] ca t k6\6o\ f/} nfUof] . lkFw /ul6P/
7]n} k/] x'g\ . af6f klg slQ vfN6f / v'N6L k/]sf, tfn]jfg n8fs'n]
vfN6fdf n'sfO /fVg] cfTd3ftL ad /fVg] vfN6f] h:tf] . t/klg
ægx'g] dfdf eGbf t sfg} dfdf lgsf]Æ eg]em} + . glrg]sf] af6f] alQg'
eGbf t cufl8 hfg] l6dn] lbPsf] af6f] g} hfg' a]; . xfdL em5f}+{
kfv} kfvf] . le/fnf] kfvf] . k'Ug] 7fpF ld/ld/fpFbf] afx]s b]vs ] f]
xf]Og, lau|s ] f] kmf]6f] h:tf] wldnf] .
xfdL cf]/fnf] em5f+}{ . l;w} cf]/fnf] . dg lrFplrFp efsf]
ef’5 . 3fdsf] k|sfz dlnlgg yfln;Sof] . b'O{' j6f 6fo/ k]ml/;s]
;'/z] hLn] af6fdf . s'g a]nf k'u/] af:;f 6fFªg\ ] < s'ga]nf of] leq
k;]sf] gfFO6f]nfO{ psf:g] < nf]sn efn] kfP t clns hfFu/ ubf{
x'g\ l76fx¿n] . cflb s'/fn] dg cf]Olng yfNof] nNofsn'Nn'Ss
3fddf /fof]sf] ;fu ;fbf{ cf]OlnP]em}+ .
Py]G;sf] em/L $! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ltg 306fsf] sl7g ofqf l5rf] N b} uGtJosf] b" / L
36fp5f}+ . geGb} xfdL gfua]nL kxf8, y'Dsfy'DsL, a'6Ø \ fg /
a'y|fa'y|L, ltvf] r§fgsf] cj/f]waf6 5lnFb} 6'Kn'Ss gfª\uf]
8fF8fdf k'Uof}+ . hxfFaf6 6f/vf]hsf] ahf/ lknlknfpFb} u/]sf]
b]Vof}+ . efn] af;]sf]] cfjfh sfg}df u'lGhof] . lha|fdf tfTtftf]
s'v/' fsf] :jfb ;nalng yfNof] . 6f/vf]hsf] glhs} k'u5 ] f+} . nfdf]
;f; tfg]F d}n] .
bfFofafFof 9'Ëfn] agfOPsf b'O{tn] 3/ . k|To]s 3/sf
e'OtF Nnfdf yflkPsf lyP ls/fgf k;n . k;n cufl8sf] ;fgf]
s'n];fdf aUb} lyof] kfgL . Tof] s'n];fsf] kfgL qmdzM ;a}n]
cfcfˆgf 3/ cufl8 agfPsf] s'jfaf6 pafpFb} lrof tyf vfgf
ksfpg k|of]u ubf{ /x]5g\ . s;}n] glkpg" of] kfgL, z'¢ 5}g eGbf,
cNnfn] lbPsf] pkxf/ xf] eGb} 3'63'6 lkpFby] emg\ .
sf7dfG8f}a+ f6 g]kfnsf] s'g} klg b'ud
{ efudf hfFbf nfUg]
v';L eGbf sd lyPg Tof] ;fFemsf] If0f . cufl8 /ËLrËL n'ufn]
;lhPsf gfgLx¿ w'nf] p8fpFb} pk|m] sf a8f] /dfOnf] nfUof] dnfO{
Tof] ;fFemsf] jftfj/0f .
Ps hgf ufO8 efO af6}df xfdLnfO{ kv{/] a;]sf lyP .
klxnf k'us ] f l6dn] 6«fOnf] bfOsf] thlahdf ;a} aGbf]a:tL ldnfpFb}
u/]sf /x]5g\ . gldnfpg klg clns cK7]/f] . xfdL kfx'gf eof},+ pgL
3/e]6L af . vf]nfsf] 5]pdf cfuf] k'ms]/ s'v/' f e'TNofpb} lyP klxnf]
8ˆkmfdf k'Ug] l6dn] . xfdLn] eg] tDa' 6fFUØf}+ / tDa'leq a;]/
j;Gt, ;'/z ] / lji0f';uF ;lrg bfOn] lbPsf] sfnf] 6'dn]6sf]
:srdf Psl5g /dfof+} . ef]ssf] emf]sdf 7'nf df5fn] e'/f df5f
lgn]em}+ l5Kk]sf] cldNr] efn];uF lbof}F :jf/fd :jf/fd . xfdL;Fu
hfg] lkm/ËL hf]g -s0f{n ] _ n] klg x;'/] dHhfn] ef]ssf] emf]s F df
r:df k'msfn]/ .
Py]G;sf] em/L $@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

6f/vf]hsf] t/]nL kxf8 6lNsg yfN5g\ o;/L .
ef]lnkN6 :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] e]nfsf] uNofª\dNofª\n]
u'lGhPsf] lyof] 6f/vf]h . cGof]ndf ps';d'sl' ;Psf] lyof] .
dGb xfjfdf O/fgsf] ;Ldf /lxt kxf8 emf]lqmPsf] lyof] .
ToxfFsf l3p e]8fsf ayfgx¿ xl/of]kl/of] vf]Hb} ef+t} fl/Psf lyP
kfl/ b]lvg] 9'Ë] kfv}el/ .
6f/vf]hsf] ufFpaf6 lg:s]sf 3/sf w'jfFn] u|fdL0f hLjgsf]
:jR5 kl/ro kl:s/x]sf] lyof] . lrofkfg, To;kl5 xltof/ la;h{gsf]
nflu :yfgLo a'4LhLjLsf efif0fn] lbg 9Nof] . dflysfn]
eg]sf] ;'Gg], dfGg] afgL /x]5 . Ps}l5gdf 3/sf sr]tsf bfp/f
y'kf/] h;/L y'kfl/P rfFªs
\ f rfFª aGb'ssf gfn . a]ns' L eg] kl/of]
nf]sn d]o/ cAb'n c/nsf] 3/df d]hdfgL . 7'nf] yfn jl/kl/
6gf6g kl/sf/, lardf k'nfp, k'nfpsf] ljrdf e]8f, s'v'/f
/ uf]?sf /f]:6 u/]sf /ftf kmndf;', ufFh/ / d'nfsf 6'jm| f6fj|mL
;nfb . lsg olQsf kl/sf/ xf]nfg\ d t cSs g jSs 5Ss
k/]/ nlÝPF . s]xLxb;Dd t vfOof] t/ ck\mufgL kl/sf/ klxnf]kN6
eP/ xf]nf clns lbuldufPF d . lji0f'n] t d'vd} xfn]gg\ .
uf8Lkfs{lt/} uP/ 6f]nfP .
Py]G;sf] em/L $# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
kl;{kN6, sf/0fjz cem}+ 6f/vf]h eGbf !) sL=dL= tn
hfg] sfd k¥of] . vf]nfsf] lsgf/ x'bF } xfdL cem}+ aF;
] Llt/ nfUof}+ .
bfFof afFof kxf8}kxf8 . kxf8 klg o:tf] ls dflyaf6 Pp6f 9'Ëf
kN6fOlbPdf l;w} vf]nfdf 5\jfknË . PSsfl; xfdL wfg e'mn]sf
kxFn
] k'/ a];
F L v]tdf k'U5f}+ . xfd|f dgx¿ e'mn] Psl5g t Wffgsf
afnfx¿ em}+ . of] d]/f] dfq geP/ xfdL ;a}sf] klxnf] b]vfO lyof]
ljb]zdf klg wfg e'mn]sf] b]vs ] f] . hf]gsf] t emg\ s'/} gu/f}+ .
a]nfotdf cfn' / tf]/Ldfq k'mn]sf] b]Vg]n] wfg e'mn]sf] b]Vbf t
xQgkQ Sofd/f lems]/ kmf]6f] lvRg yfNof] / ;f]Wof] æ8' o' u|f] ;]d
lyª Og g]kfnÆ < æafpgn] Rofp vfcf];\ g Rofpsf] :jfb kfcf];Æ\
eGg] pVvfg em§ ofb cfof] / egF] æo; Oe|L Xj]/, lb; Oh g6 P
Go" lyË km/ c;Æ clnslt ePklg 9f8; g} 5f]8]F d}n] . wfgsf
afnfn] n6/Dd agfP/ /dfPsf] dg s]xL If0fdf g} kNnf]kl§sf] 7f8]
kfvfn] ;ftf] k'Tnf] p8fof] . P km;fb s;/L of] kxf8 kf/ ug{' <
xfdL ;a} uf8Laf6 cf]Nof}+{ plQg}v/] . xfd|f] Pp6f uf8L pSng}
;s]g . csf{] uf8Laf6 8f]/L nufP/ tfg]kl5 dfq aNn Tof] r'Rr]
/fIf;sf bfx|fh:t} kxf8 pSNof+} . t/ Tof] dfq} clGtd kxf8 eg]
lyPg . xfd|f cufl8 kxf8x¿ t]l;{/x]sf lyP, st{Jo, afWotf /
hLjg/ysf cgluGtL clglZrt kxf8}–kxf8 .
[
Py]G;sf] em/L $$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

cf]ok' L ;Lo'kL / 8f=nfn
;+;f/df xfdL ;aeGbf b'MvL JolQm Tolt a]nf x'G5f}+ ha
xfd|f s'g} ;fyL;FuftL x'bF g} g\ . slt vNnf] x'G5 of] hLjg Û slt
PSnf x'G5f} xfdL cyjf slt l/Qm x'G5 of] ;+;f/ To;a]nf . To;}n]
ldqx¿ eg]sf xfd|f hLjgsf cleGg cË x'g\ . olt dfq xf]Og
ldqtf eg]sf] cfTdfsf] sljtf xf] klg eG5g\ sltn] .
-;Demgfsf t/]nLx¿_ cd/ g]Dafª lnDa"
a]nfot al;of] w]/} g} al;of] . v'a al;of] .
cS;kmf]8{ / SoflDa|h slt k'luof] slt . x]Ssf 5}g
3'ds
] f] . t/ l8;]Da/ #) / #! tfl/v nfn–ZofFsf/]n' /fkrf;Fusf]
ofqfn] csf{ ] af} l 4stfsf] OR5f ylklbof] of] d] / f] ;' : t
dgl:yltdf .
ofqfs} qmddf xfdLn] d]/f] e'mk8L 3/ sf]e g+ !@ lqmKnL
/f]8af6 ;fOt h'/fof}+ laxfg ;ft ah]lt/} . kmf/Ga|f] d]g] af6 l;w}
hfg] /] n gkfPkl5 xfdL a] l hª:6f] s , l/l8ª\ s f] lns x' F b }
cS;kmf]8l{ t/ nfU5f}+ . /]n kmf/Ga|f] d]gaf6 l7s ;ft k}tF fln;df
5'6o\ f] . xfdL /]nsf] larsf] 8Aafdf a:5f}+ . s'O/]x¿ zfGt tj/n]
r'krfk 5g\ . pleP/ eP klg k9\gn ] ] k9]sf 5g\ . ;'Tg] ;'ts
] f
5g\ . ;ª\uLt ;'Gg]x¿ df]afOn cyf{t\ PdkL y|Laf6 cfjfh aflx/
cfpGh]n ;'gs ] f 5g\ . ;fj{hlgs :yndf xNnf ug{ eg] of] b]zdf
Py]G;sf] em/L $% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
dgfxL 5 . sf/sf] xg{ t htfkfof] pt} ahfpg kfOGg, ;do
;fk]Iftf jfx]s . ahfpgsf] nflu ;fGble{s 7xl/Psf] x'gk' ¥of] .
sf]xL skmL xftdf lnP/ ;'Sof{O/x]sf 5g\ . Jo:t 5g\ /]nsf
ofq'x¿ . clg xfdL klg Jo:t 5f}+ ljleGg ts{ ljts{sf s'/fdf .
…a:g';,\ l;6 vfnL 5Ú, d}n] cfu|x u/] pxfFnfO{ .
csf]{ klg l;6 vfnL ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ d klg a;+] . xfdL
b'j} a:of}+ . d]/f] e]6 of]eGbf cufl8 geP klg pxfF;uF kmf]g /
Od]ndf af/Daf/ s'/fsfgL eg] eO{ g} /xGYof] . k|ToIf e]6s ] f] eg]sf]
lxh} dfq xf], lxy|f] P/kf]6d{ f lng hfFbf . /]nsf 8Aafleq xfdL
enfs';f/L ug{ yfNof}+ . klxnf]rf]l6 t d}n] g} k|Zgx¿ t]:of{PF .
cfh;Dd pxfFn] u/]sf cg';Gwfgsf af/]df d}n] s]xL lh1f;f
/fv]+ . pxfF ls/fFtL–afo'ª -aflxª, ?DbfnL_ efiffsf] af/]df x'Daf]N6
k]mnf]sf] ¿kdf cg';Gwfg ug{ hd{gLsf] o'lgel;{6L cj nfOlKr;df
b'Oa{ ;{] sfo{sfnsf nflu cfpg' ePsf] /x]5 .
;Demgfs} qmddf Odfgl;+x r]dh'ª, >LhËf, dxfu'? kmfNu'gGb
cª\;Ldfª\, a}/fuL sfFOnf, gf]jn lszf]/ /fO{x¿n] k¥'ofPsf] b]g /
bz{gnfO{ d}n] ;De]mF . Tof] avt n]lvPsf] ls/fFtL efiff / g]kfnL
hgdfg;df k'¥ofPsf] b]gnfO{ of] dfg;k6ndf lapFemfPF . o:t}
u/L cfh b]vfk/sf ls/fFtL efiffsf Ps k|v/ cg';Gwfgstf{
8f=nfn /fkfrf ;'gj' f/n] klg s]xL unf{g\ ls eGg]df xfdL ljZj:t
agf}+ .
To;} ;Gbe{df pxfFsf] PsxKt] labfdf a]nfot lgjf;L
ls/fFt ;'gj' f/ ;dfhn] …ls/fFt ;d'bfolar ;'dw'/ ;DaGw tyf
k/fdz{ cGtM ;+jfb sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sfn] pxfFnfO{ klg lgDtf]
lbPsf lyof}+ . hga/L tLg tfl/vdf dfq pQm sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
x'g] ePsfn] xfdLn] a]nfotsf s]xL 7fpFsf] klg e|d0f ug{] lgwf]
uof{+} . ukm}ukm}df /]nsf] t'kmfg xFsfOn] xfdL a]lhª:6f]s kGw«
Py]G;sf] em/L $^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ldg]6d} k'U5f}+ . To;kl5 xfdL /]l8ªtkm{ hfgsf nflu Kn]6kmd{
b'Ot{ km{ nfU5f}+ . a]nfotdf hf8f] a9\b} lyof] . xfdLn] Gofgf n'uf
dgUu] nufPsf lyof}+ . em§ x]bf{ lrlgofFdn " sf h:tf b]lvg] pxfFsf]
;fydf Pp6f gf]6a's / Nofk6k eg] 6'6b\ f] /x]g5, clg Ps af]tn
kfgL / la:s'6sf] Kofs]6 klg g5'6b\ f] /x]5 ;fydf .
xfdL /]l8ªtkm{ nfU5f}+ . af6fdf b]lvg] oxfFsf r'Rr] lrDgLjfnf
3/, Ps b'O{ j6fdfq cUnf 3/x¿ afx]s vf;} cjnf]sg ug{
nfossf 7fpFx¿ s]xL b]lvGgg\ . lrofpFb} 5g\ 8f= nfn ;/ /]nsf
‰ofnaf6 aflx/, clg d klg ;fy lbFb} 5' .
xfdL cS;kmf]8{ ljZjljBfno x]g{ pT;'sfO/x]sf lyof}+ .
l/l8ªsf] :6];gaf6 ( ah]sf] /]ndf /jfgf x'G5f}+ . sl/a P3f/ ah]
xfdL cS;kmf]8s { f] /]nj] :6];gdf cf]nG{ 5f}+ / nfU5f}+ xNsf psfnL
;8ssf] lsgf/} lsgf/f .
æca stf hfg] <Æ nfn ;/sf] k|Zg t]l;{of] ddfly .
æd oxfFsf] Dofk lsG5', To;kl5 hfpFnf lg gS;f x]bÆ{} xNsf pQ/
lbPF d}n] klg .
lgs} klxnf PskN6 ahf/ eg{ cfPsf lyof}+ ;fyLx¿;Fu,
;/;fdfg lsg]/ ttfPsf lyof}+ af6f] . Toltv]/ g o'lgel;{6L 3'ldof]
g 3'ldof] oxfFsf P]ltxfl;s 7fpF g} . Dofk lsGg g} kfOPg . s:tf]
la8Dagf Û d}n] lzi6tfsf ;fy uf]/f ldqnfO{ ;f]w+] . cS;kmf]8{
o'lgel;{6L stflt/ k5{ eg]/ . pQ/ kfOof] o:tf]M
— æcf] lb; Oh ch sN8 cS;kmf]8{ o'lgel;{6L, l8k]G8 cg o'
lXjr jg o' jfG6 6' uf] .Æ uf]/f ldqsf] hjfkm kfPkl5 xfdL rlst
x'G5f}+ . a; :6];gsf] Dofk x]//] xfdL km]l/ s]xL xb;Dd cufl8
a9\5f}+ . cS;kmf]8s{ f] k|jz
] åf/df g} k'u5
] f}+ . k"jL{ojfbsf ;|i6f
P8jf8{ ;Obsf] ;Demgfdf :yflkt cy{ jfl0fHo cWoog s]Gb|df .
P]ltxfl;s s'/f ub{} hfFbf 8f= nfnsf cfFvf PSsfl;
Py]G;sf] em/L $& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
/;fPsf] d}n] cg'ej u/F] . ;f]Wg] t s'/} ePg . ;fob ctLtdf
cWoogsf qmddf v]ks ] f / ef]us ] f ;'v–bM'vsf ;Demgfsf t/]nL
5/kl:6P x'g\ , dgel/ clg 5rlNsg vf]h] x'g\ tL cfF;'x¿
Toltv]/ .
$) eGbf a9L oxfFsf sn]hsf ;"rLx¿ k9\b} ugylgFb}
xfdL xNsf psfnLtkm{ nfU5f}+ . PSsfl; af6fdf kN6g] a'Okfsf bfO
/fdwg /f]bª' -kl5 /fO{_ nfO{ b]Vof}+ . b'j} tkm{af6 xftsf] O;f/f
u5f}+{ . 8f= nfn ;/n] eg] Ps l5gsf] e]63f6df klg efiff, y/ ;a}
;f]wL Eofpg' eof], lsgls pxfFsf] o;};DaGwL ljifoj:t' ldNg]
ePsfn] x'ax' 1fg /x]5 . pxfFn] a;:6\ofG8sf] Dofk k|of]u ub}{ ;a}
atfOlbg' eof] xfdLnfO{ . cS;kmf]8{ h:tf] P]ltxfl;s 7fpFsf 8an
8]s/ a;rfns /fO{hLnfO{ ;a} g} 7fpF yfxf /x]5 . pxfFs} egfOx¿nfO{
gf]6 ub{} xfdL 5'l§G5f}+ .
;g\ &)) b]lv xfn;Ddsf] a]nfotsf] snf, ;flxTo tyf
Oltxf; ;]tf] kmnfd] kftfdf n]v/] e'Od F f la5\ofOPsf] /x]5 .
…logLx¿sf] Oltxf; xf] oxfFaf6 ;'? x'G5 slj k'ms'g{ -…k'ms'g{ Ú
ls/fFtL–sf]OF r -;'gj' f/÷d'lvof_ efiffdf …;ª\st] Ú_ eGb} ;/// atfpg'
eof] . pxfFsf] egfO d]/f nflu laNs'n gofF / rfvnfUbf] lyof] .
;ª\uLtsf/nfO{ ;ª\uLt Kof/f], uLtsf/nfO{ uLt} Kof/f],
sljx¿nfO{ sljtf eg]em}+ bfz{lgsx¿nfO{ ;w}F gofF s'/fsf]
cg';Gwfgdf 3f]lTng] afgLn] ubf{ l;4fGtjfbL agfP pgLx¿nfO{ .
To;}sf] k|ltkfbg u/] . k|of]udf NofP . x/fPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ phfu/
ul/Fb} 5 . lau|s
] f s'/fx¿nfO{ ;'wfl/Fb} 5 . ljutdf ljleGg sf/0fn]
xfd|f wd{, ;+:s[lt / /Lltl/jfh rngrNtLdf rNb} cfP klg To;sf]
jf:tljs cjwf/0ff / d"n cfwf/sf] vf]hL x'bF } 5 cfhef]ln . oxL
sf]l6sf Ps JolQm /x]5g\ ls/fFtL efiff tyf efifflj1fgsf cg';Gwftf
8f= nfn–ZofFsf/]n' /fkrf klg . cflTds–efjgf, cflTds–ljrf/ /
Py]G;sf] em/L $* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
cflTds–pT;'stf eGg] lrhx¿ dgs} leqL cGt:s/0faf6 pld|g] cf}wL ld7f] dfGb} vfP/ xft r'7o\ f}+ . /fkrfhL lgs} yfSg' eP5
tŒj /x]5g\ . o;nfO{ cg';/0f ug{ ;s] w]/} /fd|f] . Sof/, a]nd
} f zogsIflt/ nfUg' eof] . d eg] ef]ln 3'Dg hfg]
38L x]5'{ lbgsf] b'O{ alh;s]sf] lyof] . ef]ssf] dx;'; x'g l;o'kL -SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|];_sf] af6f] ptfg{ yfnF] ;fbf
yfNof] stfstf . pxfF t kfx'gf . kfx'gfh:tf] dfG5]nfO{ ck/fXg b'O{ sfuhdf . hDdf !)$ dfOn 6f9f cjl:yt /x]5 .
ah];Dd 3'dfOsf] qmddf ef]s} /fVg' klg d]/f] d'Vof{OF geP/ s]
eGg] < o'/f]ksf ahf/x'bF L rfF8} c8{/ lbP/ vfg kfOg] 7fpFx¿
hNbf]aNbf] ¿kdf rn]sf] eg]sf s]Pkm;L, Dofs8f]gfN8 / au{/lsª
klxnf] kªlQmdf k5{g\ . t/ cfh tL 7fpF klg stf a]kQf eP
stf < Vffhf vfg] k;nx¿ vf]H5f}}+ . st} klg kfPgf},+ s]Pkm;Ldf g}
xfdLn] vfhf vfPkl5 xfdL k'gM ToxfFsf e|d0fof]Uo 7fpFx¿nfO{
yftL /fVb} cf]ok' L cyf{t\ cS;kmf]8{ o'lgel;{6L k|;
] lt/ nlDsG5f}+ .
s'gtfsf] a]nfotsf] 3fd ToxLdfly lzlz/ofd, ;fFem 9Nsg] lalQs}
:o":o" nfUg yfN5 . xfdL xftsf] Dofk ;f]‰ofpFb} nlDsg yfN5f}+
cf]ok' Lsf] kmf]6f]
cf]ok' Ltkm{ cS;kmf]8s{ f] ;GWofsfnLg nfnL;Fu} .
;g\ – !$%) df hf]xfg u6]gju{sf] lk|lG6ª k|];sf]
cfljisf/nfO{ k5ØfpFb} ljlnod SofS:6gn] a]nfotdf ;g\ !$&^ xfdL ;a]/} d]/f] kmf]8{ dlG8of] sf/df ;o/ u5f}{+ .
df lk|lG6ª k|;
] sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 ;g\ !$&* d} cS;kmf]8a{ f6 l;o'kLtkm{ . lxh} sDKo'6/df u'undf ;r{ ubf{ k'/} @ 306f af6f]
klxnf] lstfa k|sfzg eof] . cfh o;sf ;xfos zfvfx¿ OlG8of, b]vfPYof], t/ Tof] s'/f] d}n] nfnhLnfO{ b;f{Psf] eg] lyOgF .
kfls:tfg, Sofg8f, dn]l;of, l;ª\ufk'/, gfOh]l/of, blIf0f clk|msfdf xfdL Pd y|Lsf] xfOj] x'bF } 3'Olsg yfN5f}+ . rf/ st} kfFr
klg vf]lnPsf] 5 . of] 5fkfvfgfdf jif{df kFt} fln; xhf/ lstfa n]g;Ddsf] xfOj]df Ps ;osf] 5]p5fpdf 3'OlF sbf klg s'g} cfOk'Ug]
5flkG5g\ eg] hDdf rf/ xhf/ sfdbf/nfO{ of] ;+:yfn] a;{l] g sfd ;ª\st] gb]lvPkl5 clns k6Øf/ nfu]5 Sof/] pxfFn] k|Zg a;f{pg
lbnfpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . yfNg' eof] . æk'Ug nfu] h:tf] 5 x}g km'sg'{ Ho" <Æ cfwf af6fdf gk'Ub}
cf]ok' Ldf k'Ubf emdSs} ;fFem kl/;s]sf] lyof] . xfdL b'Or { f/ dnfO{ k|Zg ug'{ eof] . æof] l;dl;d] kfgLn] clns af6f] nlDaP
j6f kmf]6f] lvr]/ 6«g] sf] Kn]6kmdlt/ nfUof}+ . af6fdf kmls{b+ f lbge/ h:tf] 5Æ, d}n] s'/fn] 6fb}{ lyPF .
3'ds
] f 7fpF / lvr]sf kmf]6fx¿sf] af/]df 5nkmn ub}{ /ftsf] !) oxfFsf cUnfcUnf lrDgLjfnf snsf/vfgfsf e§Lx¿af6
ah] kmf/Ga|f] k'U5f}+ . lbgdf vfPsf] s]Pkm;Ln] of] ;do;Dd 5f]l8;s]sf] lg:s]sf] sfnf] d':nf] w'jfF hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf kIfw/x¿sf] lvNnL
lyof] . 3/df k'us ] f] s]xL ;dodf g} >LdtL kfj{tLn] agfPsf] vfgf p8fpFb} cfsfl;Fb} lyof] . pxfF eg] Sofgg Sofd]/fn] ;se/ w]/}
Py]G;sf] em/L $( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L %) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
b]lvg] af6fsf b[Zo ;ª\sng ub}{ x'gx' G' Yof] . oxfFsf bz{g, Oltxf;
/ a]nfotL sljx¿sf s'/f ubf{ub{} kQf] g} gkfO{sg xfdL SoflDa|hsf]
sf/kfs{df k'u5 ] f}+ . sf/kfs{ u/]/ xfdL l/e/ Sofdsf] tL/}tL/
k"jt{ km{ nfU5f}+ . lardf aUg] Tof] ;fgf] vf]nfdf kfgLxfF; /dfO/x]sf
lyP . vf]nfdf pd|s ] f lgufnfsf xl/of ;'l/nf kftx¿ / d'G8f
agfOPsf ¿v . k'/fgf 3/x¿ . dfG5] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ u/]sf b[Zox¿
pl5Gb} xfdL d'Vo ahf/df k'U5f}+ . ljZjsf ljleGg b]zaf6
cf]Ol/Psf ljBfyL{x¿ x'g\ eGg] tYo af6fdf lxF8b\ f ;'lgg] efiffaf6}
k|:6 x'GYof] .
laxfgsf] a|s ] kmf:6 xfdLn] SoflDa|h ;x/ glhs}sf] lsª\;
k/]8 /f]8sf] Puf]/f lb sk/ Sof6n /]:6'/fFdf u/]kl5 s'g} ljnDa
gu/L aflx/ lg:sG5f}+ . lk6 lalN8ªsf] 5]p5]j} xFb' } 6flDkª6g
l:6«6lt/ nfUof}+ . xfdL lsª\; sn]h, SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L, a6 lu|g,
lh;; lu|g kfs{, lSjG; sn]h, bfofFkl§ kg{] l6«lg6L sn]h, SoflDa|h
tfn tyf uNkm kfs{ x'bF } l;o'kLlt/ nfU5f}+ . Dofk cg';f/ 5f]6f]
af6f] nfUbf SoflDa|hsf] /]n :6];gdflysf] ;fF3d ' f kf] k'u5
] f}+ . t/
kmfObf s]rflxF dfq eof] eg] Tof] 7fpFaf6 ;lhn};uF l;o'kLsf]
ljzfn ejg eg] 7Dofpg ;kmn eof}+ .
l;o'kLsf] kmf]6f]
Py]G;sf] em/L %! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
pxfFn] k]ml/ emf]nfaf6 kfgLsf] af]tn lems]/ d'v lehfpg'
eof], lxh}sf] h;/L . d}n] klg lehfPF . uf]8f ltg]s 3'6\sf]
3'6S\ ofPsf] dfq s] lyPF af]tn l/lQof] . af]tn l/lQP klg l/lQPsf
lyPgg\ xfd|f dgx¿ . ljrf/ / efjgfx¿ . pT;'stfn] xfd|f dg
emg\ a]tf]8n] s'lb/x]sf lyP . km]l/ xfdL lxN; /f]8nfO{ pl5Gb}
a|fs
] NofG8 PleGo' x'bF } Pa]l8{g PleGo'leq k|jz
] u¥of}+ . pQm ;8ssf]
bfofF—afofF xl/of ‰ofFDd k/]sf ¿vx¿ lyP . ;8s lsgf/f zfGt
ePsf] sf/0fn] xf]nf ;8ssf] k]6L tyf 5]p5fpdf gfgL s]6fs]6Lx¿
d:t;Fu v]ln/x]sf lyP . dnfO{ eg] /fkrfhLn] ;Lo'kL 5fkfvfgfaf6
k|sflzt k':tsx¿sf] af/]df s]lxs'/fx¿ ;'gfpg'eof] . kl5 pxfF
hd{gL kms]{ kZrft\ a]nfotsf] Pp6f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf n]v klg
n]vg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm n]vdf n]vs ] f dWo d}n] oL tnsfx/kmx¿
;fef/ u/] o;/LM
a]nfotsf] bf];|f] of] k|sfzgu[x o'/f]kdf g} eg] rf}yf]
gDa/df kb{5 . ;g\ !@)( df :yflkt oL l;o'kL / cf]ok' L *)) jif{
k'/fgf dflgG5g\ . ;g\ !%#$ df /fhf x]g/L cf7f}a+ f6 :yflkt
k|sfzgu[x !%*$ af6 dfq k':ts k|sfzgdf NofPsf] egfO 5 .
ljZjsf ljleGg b]zx¿df ;~rflnt cS;kmf]8{ tyf SoflDa|h
k|sfzgu[xsf] dfu c¿ b]zx¿df klg TolQs} 5 . ;g\ @))@ df
k|sflzt n]vs 8f= 8]le8 jf6{;åf/f lnlvt …u| vfdÚ n]
u|fd/ ca vfd
uf]vf{nLsf] af/]df clt lgGbgLo 6/f{ zAbx¿n] 3'PF qf] xfGg] sfd
u/]sf 5g\ . …dl;{g/LÚ jf ef8fsf l;kfxLsf] pkgfdn] jL/ uf]vf{nLsf]
ckdfg ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf cgy{ s'/fnfO{ a]nfotsf ljleGg
lgsfoaf6 cfjfh p7fpg'kg{] lgtfGt cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
pQm n]v kl9;s]/ dnfO{ klg vNnf] dxz'; eof], o:tf
cgy{ s'/fx¿nfO{ ljleGg lgsfoaf6 cfjfh p7fpg'kg]{ lgQfGt
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
Py]G;sf] em/L %@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
 cfh zlgjf/ clkm; aGb . ;'g;fg 5 oxfFsf] jftfj/0f .
xfdL b'jn
} ] eg] l;o'kLsf] ;a} xftf xfd|} ;lDemof}+ Tof] lbg . o;sf]
xftfleq j/k/sf] ;a} efudf xfdLn] tl:a/ lvRof},+ lvrfof}+ .
o;/L xfdL pQm lbgsf] ofqfnfO{ klg dgs} kl/lwleq 6Dd kfb{}
af6f] nfUof}+ lxh}sf] h;/L . O/fssf /ftx¿

[
hfkfg k'us] f] klxnf] ;fn ;fs'/f k'mn]/ ;]tfDd] eof] .
dnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Demgfn] ;tfpg yfNof] . afNosfndf af/Lsf
sfGnfdf n6/Dd k'mn]sf k}oF s ' f af]6df r9]/ ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Ng]
uYof}F . ltg} ;Demgfsf] t/]nLx¿ d]/f] dfg;k6nleq k|ltlalDat
eP . ;fs'/f k'mn]kl5 hfkfgLx¿ ;fs'/fsf] af]6d'lg k]okbfy{ / vfg]
s'/fx¿ lnP/ jgef]h ug]{ u5{g\ .
-;Demgsf] cflnª\ugdf afFlwP/_ – bofs[i0f /fO{
/ftdf l8p6L kbf{ lbgdf ;'Tg' :jfefljs} xf] . d o;nfO{
;xh ¿kdf lnG5' . nf6f] sf];/] fsf] h:tf] lhGbuL ePklg . clg
:jfefljs} 7fGbf xf}+ ls xfdL ;a}n] ;fob . t}klg /ftdf ;'Tg'sf]
h:tf]] dhf lbgdf sxfFaf6 cfcf];\ / Û cf]5Øfgdf s] kN6]sf] dfq
lyPF, 6Øfª–6Øfª 6]S; d];h ] xf] jf EjfO; d];h] n] xf] ;ª\st]
lbG5 df]afOndf . d cN5L kf/fn] cfFvfsf] 9sgL p3f5{' . df]afOnsf]
EjfO; d];h ] /x]5 . d];h ] ;'g/] Psl5g ls+st{Joljd"9 x'G5' .
lbg/ft u[xo'4n] IftljIft ePsf] ;x/lt/ hfg'kbf{ lvGg x'G5' d .
To;f] t d]/f] of] afWotf lyof] clg Pp6f gofF ofqfsf] csf]{ kf6f]
klg . dgdg} ;fw'jfb lbPF tL ldqnfO{ h;n] dk|lt ljZjf;sf ;fy
;a} sfuhft tDtof/ kfl/lbg' ePsf] lyof] . d nufot c¿
;fyLx¿ klg lyP pt}lt/ hfg] . pgLx¿ s]G6sf] cf;kmf]8{ / 8f]e/
Py]G;sf] em/L %# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L %$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
af6 cfPsf lyP . d eg] XofDk;fo/ eGg] sfpG6Laf6 . a]nfotdf
hDdf $* j6f sfpG6Lx¿ 5g\ .
/]nofqf ug{' eGbf 6ØfS;Laf6 g} a|fOh g6{gsf] ;}lgs
ljdfg:yn;Dd hfg] lgwf] u/]F . cfjZos ;/;fdfgx¿sf] Pp6f
;'6s]; clg yf]q] Nofk6ksf] emf]nf sfFwdf le/]F . aflx/ 3/ cufl8
6ØfS;L lnP/ nf]s bfO r'/f]6sf] w'jfF;uF } hLjg ;fl6/xg' ePsf]
lyof] .
lhGbuLsf] x/]s labfOdf dg s'lF 8G5 ;a}sf] . cfh d]/f] klg
3/af6 labfO x'bF f PSsfl; dg eSsflgP/ cfof] . b'j} 5f]/LnfO{
cFufnfdf afw]F . ;Dej lyof] t Tof] rfxGgy]F d ;wF} o;/L g}
cFufnfdf afFlw/x",F al;/x"F . t/ o:tf cfTdt[lKtsf ;dosf v08x¿
vx/]s} e]n eOlbP . of] gb]lvPsf] eljiosf] kl/j]zn] SjfKnSs}
lgNb} 5 d h:tfsf] hLjgk4lt . cGttf]uTjf, ANofsjf6/ l/l8ª
x'bF } 6ØfS;L rfns nf]s bfO / d alQg yfNof}+ cS;kmf]8; { fo/lt/
bs{] kfgLsf] bsf{O;Fu} .
af6fdf b]lvg] k|fs[l[ ts b[Zox¿n] j;Gt lgDTofpFb} lyP .
kfn'jf d'h/' fx¿ ps';d'sl' ;+b} xl/ofnLdf kl/0ft x'g] t/v/df
b]lvGy] . af6fsf] 5]paf6 b]lvg] glhssf 3/x¿sf au+r } fx¿df
8]kmf]l8n / cf?av8fsf k"mnx¿n] dnfO{ :jfut u/]h:t} nfUYof] .
Ps 306f kZrft\ xfdL a|fOh g6{g ljdfg:yn k'U5f}+ .
Po/kf]6{ k'Ubf ;fyLx¿ gGb, lht, v8\u / b]jG] b|hL klg k'lu;s]sf
lyP a|fOh g6{g uf8{ ?dsf] sf/kfs{df . kf;kf]6{ / sDkgL sf8{
b]vfPkl5 r]lsª sIf;Dd SofDksf] a;n] k'¥ofof] xfdLnfO{ leq
Po/kf]6s{ f] xf]6n;Dd . ef]lnkN6 laxfg}sf] p8fg ePsfn] cfh}
r]lsª ug]{ va/ kfOof] . r]lsª u/] kZRfft\ af]l8{ª kf; / sf]7fsf]
rfaL kfPkl5 a]ns ' Lsf] cf7 ah] 6«flGh6sf] efG;f3/lt/ nfUof}+ .
vfgf vfg] 7fpFdf la|l6; cfdL{df sfo{/t s]xL uf]vf{nL efOx¿;Fu
Py]G;sf] em/L %% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
klg e]6g\ ] cj;/ kfOof] . pgLx¿ s'jt] df 5 dlxgfsf nflu cfˆgf]
6'/ k'/f ug{ hfFb} /x]5g\ . ;a} hgf d?e"l" ddf nufpg] k'm;|f vfnsf
sDAØf6df lyP . lz/df b]ak]| l§ 9nSs 9NsfP/ nufPsf Aof/]6
Sofk . 5f]6f] skfn . ldhfl;nf] af]nL . 5f]6f sbsf lvl/nf lrD;]
cfFvf . g'gvf];f{gL r6Ss nfu]sf] t/sf/L h:t} b]lvGy] . uf]vf{nLsf
5f]/fx¿ t k/] cfTdefj / Odfgbf/LnfO{ vf]lsnfdf Rofk]/ st{Josf]
lzv/ r9\b} lyP r'Dg .
w]/} lbg kZrft\ 3/b]z 5f]8/] k/b]z, k/b]z klg 5f]8/]
ljb]z nfUg'sf] kL8fnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd SofDks} e§Ldf uP/ Ps b'O{
s]g uxFs' f] ;f]d/; tfg]/ la;{g] lemgf] lg0f{o u¥of}+ . /ft l5lKkFb}
lyof] clg n6kl6Fb} lyP xfd|f lha|fx¿ . a]nfotsf] a;fOn]
srdlrPsf] sfFrf] ds}sf] RofFVnfem}F C0fdf]lrt lg;fl:;Psf xfdL
e"k" a]nfotL ;}lgssf kfFr efO s'ga]nf uP/ la:tf/fdf klN6Oof}+
lw/ld/fpFbf] ;Demgf dfq 5 Tof] /ftsf] .
laxfg dfOsdf af]nfPsf] cfjfh PSsfl; sfgdf alh|bF f kf]
wf]tL g 6f]kL x'bF } aflx/ k6flËgLdf lgl:sof}+ . xtf/xtf/ emf]nL
t'DaL af]s/] & ah]lt/ a;df ljdfg:ynlt/ k|:yfg u¥of}+ .
al8cfdf]{/ -5ftLdf nufpg] cfw'lgs 9fn_ / x]nd]6
-kmf}hLn] nufpg] lgnf] kmnfd] 6f]kL_ sf] emf]nf xftdf e'mG8\ofp+bF }
cf]dgL Po/ OG6/g];gn gfds hxfhtkm{ nfUof}+ . a|fOh g6{g
ljdfg:ynaf6 sl/a ( ah]lt/ s'at] sf nflu p8\of}+ . hxfhdf
k|foM cfdL{ hjfgx¿ lyP . 3/ 5f]8/] hfg'k/]sfn] xf]nf ;a}sf]
cg'xf/df lkmSsfkg 5fPsf] b]lvGYof] . sl/a ;jf 5 3G6f kZrft\
s'jt] sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf cjt/0f x'g] va/ kfpF5f}+ . t}klg
lsg xf] s'lGg ltg rf/k6s;Dd cfsfzdf g} kmGsf] df5{
ljdfgn] . xfdL d'vfdv x]5f{+} . hldg cfsfzaf6 Psbd} glhs
ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ s'jt] sf w/ftn / ;x/x¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf 3'Dg
Py]G;sf] em/L %^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
gkfP klg cfsfzaf6} s]xL xb;Dd cjnf]sg ul/of] . r§–r§
;nfO{sf sfF6L h:tf ldn]sf ;d'b| glhssf 7'N7'nf dxnx¿, rf}8f
;8sx¿ / ;8ssf bfofFafofF /f]lkPsf xl/of ¿vx¿n] ;lh;hfp
b]lvGYof] s'jt] . ;Dem+] d]/f] b]z g]kfn clg /fi6«sf af/]df ef}lts
k"jf{wf/sf ljsf;sf efif0f 5fF6g\ ] ljåfg\x¿sf] hdftnfO{ . h;sf]
efif0f}lkR5] rdTsf/L zAb lvk]/ cf]7df gf}gLl3p 3:b} vf]qmf
cfZjf;gdf dWo lbpF;d} hgtfnfO{ ;kgf b]vfpF5g\\ . x;fpF5g\ .
clg tkfO{x+ ¿ klg xfF:g'xG' 5, lvltlttL–lvltlttL . d t emg\
xfF:g] eOxfn+] To;} klg .
Ps 306f;Dd xfdL s'jt] sf] ljdfg:ydf g} a:g'k¥of] lsgls
xfd|f ;fdfgx¿ csf]{ xjfO{hxfh ;L jfgy6L{ -;}lgs tyf dfn;fdfg
cf];fg{] a]nfotsf] kmf}hL hxfh_ df ;fl/g] eof] . /ft kl/;s]sf]
lyof] . kmf§k'm§ g]kfnLsf cg'xf/ e'mlNsg yfn] . sf]xL ;fdfgsf
u•Lx¿ l3;fb}{ lyP t sf]xL 6:ofs–6';s ' a;]sf . hdsf{] lyof]
5f]6f] af]Ng] . cfˆgf] b]zsf bfh'efO;Fu enfs';f/L ug{ s;nfO{ kf]
dg nfUb}g / < lbge/df slt sdfpFbf x'g\ < jif{df 5'§L slt kfpFbf
x'g\ < cflb OToflb k|Zgsf u'hN' 6fx¿ dgleq} u'6d'6ØfpFb} d ef]s
6fg{ skmL k;nlt/ nDsG5' . s]xL ofq'x¿ s'jt] df g} plqP .
dw'/f aQLx¿n] s'jt] ;x/ lemlnldlng nfu]sf] lyof] . lht efO
r'/f]6sf] ;sf{] tfGb} lyP . xfdL eg] km]l/ ;L jfgy6L{df r9]/
O/fssf] ofqf 5f]6o\ fpgtkm{ nfUof}+ . al8cfdf{/] / x]nd]6 cjt/0f
x'ge ' Gbf kGw| ldg]6 cufl8 g} nufof}F . hxfhsf ;a} aQLx¿
emØfKk lgefOof] clg p8]sf] pFrfOaf6 PSsfl; hldgsf] ;txlt/
XjfQ} emg{ yfNof] . cfª l;l/Ë eof] . d]/f] 5]jd} f a;]sf aLaL;Lsf
Sofd]/fDofgn] Sofd]/f klg pl56ØfP . csf{ pgsf ;fyLn]
em¥ofde'm?d x'gaf6 eg] hf]ufpg;Dd eg] EofP . kl5 kf] yfxf
eof], aQL lgefpgsf] sf/0f /x]5 O/fsL cftª\sjfbLn] hldgaf6
gb]vg" \ / hldgaf6 k|If]k0f ul/g] cf/lkhL -/s]6 lk|kn ] lu|g8] _
k|Py]xGf/af6
;sf] em/L %& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
aRg ;lsof];\ .
O/fssf] afh|f cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf Ps 306f klRr;
ldg]6df plqof}+ . Pp6f ;]tf] kmd{df cfˆgf] l86]N; e/]/ xfdL Pp6f
;]tf] a;df r9\5f}+ . a;df lgnf] kbf{ nufOPsf] lyof] . cGwsf/
lyof] a;leq . Ps hgf la|6g] sf gfOs]af6 5f]6f] la|lkmª kfpF5f}+ .
a;df hfFbf sydsfn st}af6 xdnf ePdf ToxLF g} lgx'//] p;sf]
c8{/ klv{P/ a:g' /] . dgdf lr;f] k:of] . ;f]d/;sf] lr;f] /
dgleq oltv]/ pd|g] lr;f]cs{} x'bF f] /x]5 . ;Dem+] Psrf]l6 km]l/,
a]sf/df s] b'Mv a];fPsf] < k};f hfafsf] nflu o:tf] si6 < s]
lbgdf 6f]gL An]o/n] uf]vf{nLnfO{ a]nfotdf cf];f/]/ wd{ u/] eg]sf]
t emg\ kfk kf] u/] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ .
a]nfotdf a;]kl5 ef8fdf t a:g} k¥of] . ef8fsf] k};f
kmls{g] s'/f cfPg eljiodf . clg t lsGg} k¥of] oxfFsf
dxFuf s'r|'Ss k/]sf ufO{uf]7 h:tf 3/ . sl/a ztk|ltzt
g]kfnLx¿n] 3/ eg] ls:tfdf g} lsg]sf 5g\ . x'gn
] ] dh}n] 36fPsf
5g\ df]/u]h . x'g klg slQn] t yf]k/]sf 5g\ Aofn]G; krf;
k|ltztsf] 5]p5fp . t/ d h:tf s}of+} ldqx¿ klg 5g\ hf]
sdfPsf] wg ;j{:j ls:tf r'Stf ub}d { f l7Ss x'g] .
a;sf] ofqf lgSs} 6f9f xf]nf eg]sf] t glhs} /x]5 . kfFr
ldg]6kl5 xfdL xfd|f] uGtJo :yfgdf k'U5f}+ . cGwsf/ ;fFemn]
:jfut u5{ xfdLnfO{ .
cfsfzdf Ps rf]S6f afbn b]Vof x}g . hldgaf6 cfpg]
afkmn] z/L/ tfltg yfNof] . Ps hgf a]nfotsf l;kfxLn] km]l/
af6f] b]vfpg yfNof] . geGb} xfdL Pp6f k'm;|f] kfnfsf] 7'nf] £ofª\3/
tkm{ l55f{+} . oxfF klg Pp6f kmd{ eg{k' bf{] /x]5 . ;f]wk'5 zfvf
/x]5 .
— sxfF hfg] <
Py]G;sf] em/L %* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
— s'g sDkgLdf <
— s] sfd <
— slt;Dd <
— s'g xf] OG;'/G] ; sDkgL <
afkm/] afkm k|Zg}kZ| gsf] cf]O/f] . kmd{ e/]/ ToxfFsf Ps hgf
xflsdnfO{ a'emfPkl5 dfq xfdL xfd|f] ;fdfg lng Kofn]6 -sf7n]
ag]sf], ;fdfg /fv]/ prfNg ;lhnf]sf] vflt/_ ePsf]lt/ nfU5f}+ .
…cf]xf] s:tf] udL{ oxfF tÚ v8\u bfOn] vf]Sg yfNg'ef] .
…ca x'g] eOP5 vf]nÚ] csf{ ldq gGbn] yk] . x'g klg
;fdfgx¿ Kofn]6df rfª eP/ vfFlbPsf] 5 . lrGg} ufx|f] . b]jG] b|
bfOn] t kfpg' eof], dfly g} k/]5 Sof/ pxfFsf] t . xfdL rf/
hgfsf] t e]l6Fbg} t v} < d} af]nF] of] avt . b]lvFbg} st} klg . Sof
km;fbdf kl/of] . lgwf/df lr6lr6 kl;gf pd|g yfn] xfdL rf/}
hgfsf . lht efOn] tfGg yfn] wt'/f] clg lgsfn] w'jfF k'm;';; ' '
gfssf Kjfnaf6 . cDdn eg]sf] cDdn} /x]5 . g df};dsf] kjf{x,
g ;dosf] < ;do kfof] ls t nfO6/ ˆof6–ˆof6 .
s'v/' fn] rf/f] vf];s
]| f] em}+ vf];bF| f vf];bF| f lk+wdf aNn e]§fOof]
xfd|f ;fdfg . xftdf, sfFwdf, lk7\od F' f ;fdfg af]s/] aflx/ lg:sG5f}+
xfdL .
xfdLnfO{ lng bfO zfxL -z}nG] b| gfNaf]_ / pxfFsf] l6d
o'j/fh / ofd efOx¿ cfPsf lyP afh|f ljdfg:yndf . af6fdf
hfFbfhfFb} oxfFsf] ljleGg jftfj/0fsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfp5f+}
zfxL bfOaf6 . ad cfpFbf s;/L n'Sg] < slt ldg]6;Dd 6«G] rdf
a:g] OToflb jsaf;x¿ .
dfG5]sf] hftnfO{ nfUg] ef]s / /f]u g} t /}Ú5 . ;fob
la/n} kfOPnfg\, dnfO{ s'g} /f]un] 5f]Psf] 5}g / ef]s nfu]sf] 5}g
eGg]x¿ . lhGbuLdf sf] xf]nf Tof] JolQm h;n] bafO{ g} vfsf] 5}g
Py]G;sf] em/L %( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
eGg] . ef/tsf Clifd'lgx¿n] klg bafO{ vfPsf s'/f cf]sN5g\
a]nfa]nfdf . km]l/ pgLx¿n] g} kl5 bafO{ vfg'xG' g Jofofdsf]
dfWodaf6 z/L/nfO{ lg/f]uL /fVg ;lsG5 eg]/ ljZje/ k|rf/ ub{}
5g\ .
s]xL a]/d} e'8F Lleqsf ;okqL /dfpg yfn] . vfgfkl5 xfdL
SofDksf] xftfleq l5/]/ c¿ s'/f ub{} sf]7fdf a:b} lyof}+ TolQs}df
;fO/g aHof] . uf]/fx¿ lrRofpg yfn] …u]6–8fpg u]6–8fpgÚ
eGb} . xfdL klg sf]7fdf g} 5ftL hf]t/] nDk;f/ k¥of}+ . s]xL
cfsfzdf g} k8\lsP s]xL glhs}sf] xftflt/ v;] . 8d sf 8d .
…:jfut u/]sf] of] ltÚd]?nfO{Ú of] ;fO/g ah]g / lbgdf Psb'Oj{ 6f
ad k8\sg] eg] z"Go nfU5 xfdLnfO{ t, s'Gtfsf ukmf8L emg\ xfdL
dfly ukm 5fF6g\ yfn] zfxL bfOn] .
d'6d
' f 9Øfª\uf| ] aHg yfNof] . a]sf/df 5FbfvfFbfsf] 3'/g] sf]
hflu/ 5f]8/] 7'nf] efu vfg cfÚsf] x}g < vfO;\, dhfn] vfg]
eO;\ . wLt dg{] u/L vf . ;/fKg yfnF] dgdg} cfkm}n + ] cfkm}n
+ fO{ .
ef]lnkN6 Affh|f SofDksf] xftfleq /x]sf cfdL{ SofDkb]lv
lnP/ xfd|f sfd / st{Jox¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOof] . r/Ss
rls{Psf] 3fd nfu]sf] 5 . ljleGg d'ns ' sf sfnf, uf]/f, nFu8f ;a}
;a} c6fPsf] /x]5 of] SofDkdf . SofDk 3'Dg ldgLa;df Ps
306feGbf a9L nfUof] . SofDk 3'D' b} hfFbf ;2fdsf] elTsPsf] ;flnsg]/
k'Ug] df}sf klg kfOof] . dfq 6]lnlehgdf eTsfOPsf] b]lvPsf]
lyof] . cfh cfˆg} cfFvfn] b]Vg kfpFbf ;kgf h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ .
lhGbuLdf o;/L of] 7fpFdf cfOG5 eGg] ;f]rs ] f] klg lyOgF d}n] .
ofqf g xf] hLjg, sxfF k'luFbf] /x]5, /x]5 . slxn] a}/Lsf] kf]yf| df,
slxn] sNkj[Ifsf] lg5{nf] wfddf .
oxfF sfd ubf{ O/fsL OlGhlgo/b]lv s'NnL sfdbf/x¿;Fu
3'nldlng] df}sf kfOof] . d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ukm}ukmdf ;2fd x';g] sf]
Py]G;sf] em/L ^) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
sfo{gLltb]lv lnP/ hgtfk|ltsf] pbf/tfsf] af/]df ;f]w]F / c;L d]/f] sfo{ cjlwdf lgs} xtfxt eP oxfF eGg c;dy{ 5', t/
k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] ;2fd O/fsL hgtfsf nflu pbf/ gLlt lnP/ g]kfnLx¿ eg] ;a} ;s'zn} 5g\ cfhsf] lbg;Dd . ;bf s'zn
lxF8g\ ] JolQm eg]/ hjfkm lbGy] . pgL /fi6«klt x'bF f O/fsL hgtfsf eO/x"g\ eGg] sfdgf u/f}+ .
nflu ;x'lnot :j¿k k|To]s dlxgf lhpsf] b'O{ ln6/ vfg]tn ] , Ps xfdL o;/L afh|f ;x/df cd]l/sf / a]nfotsf ldqx¿;Fu
lsnf] lrgL, Ps af]/f rfdn, k|mL 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf, lah'nLaQL / sfd u/]/ ltg dlxgfsf] clj:d/0fLo If0f latfP/ aubfbtkm{
vfg]kfgL h:tf hgtfnfO{ l;Q}df pknAw u/fPsf lyP /] . t/ nfU5f}{ . v}M, c¿ slt lbg;Dd lrKn]ls/f aGg'kg{] xf], x]g{ afFsL g}
cfh O/fsL hgtfn] g l;Q}df rfdn kfPsf 5g\ g t Ps yf]kf 5 of] lhGbuLdf .
t]n g} . OlGhlgo/ O;fd yKt} lyP, xf] pgn] s'lb{;x¿nfO{ b'Mv
lbP / ljiffQm /;fog 5/]/ lgbf{i] f hgtfnfO{ df/], Tof] g} ;a}eGbf
[
;2fdsf] uNtL lyof] / ktgsf] af6f] klg .
w]/} lbg ePsf] lyof] /s]6 gcfPsf] . cfh PSsfl; cfOl8Pkm
cyf{t\ -OG8fO/]S6 ld;fOn_ cfPsf] ;fO/g aHof] . Psbd
cTof;nfUbf] Wjlg . d lrKn]ls/f h;/L e'Od F f 6fFl;G5' . ltg
ldg]6;Dd o;/L a:g'k5{ oxfFsf] lgoddf To;kl5 dfq 6]G« rdf
uP/ dfOsdf cn lSno/ geg'Gh]n;Dd klv{gk' 5{ . Toltv]/ c¿
/fi6«x¿ ef/t, aª\unfb]z, >Lnª\sf / kfls:tfgsf ;fyLx¿ klg
tF5f8d5f8 ub{} cfPsf lyP 6«]Grdf cfˆgf] Hofg hf]ufpg .
;fO/g emG8} ltg ldg]6;Dd aHof] . ad k8\lsPsf cfjfhx¿
;'lgG5 . kfFr ldg]6kl5 ;fO/gaf6 g} cn lSnP/ eGg] ;'G5f+} .
xfdL To;kl5 cfcfˆgf] sf]7ftkm{ nfUof}+ . Tof] xfdL uPkl5sf] bf];f| ]
/s]6 k|xf/ lyof] . k'gM ef]lnkN6 b'O{rf]l6 xfd|} xftfleq ad
v:of] . s;}nfO{ klg rf]6k6s eg] nfu]g .
oL ad v;fpg]x¿df oxfFsf l;of pu|jfbLx¿sf] 7'nf] xft
ePsf] /x]5 eg] ad k}7f/L ug{] u/fpg]df l5d]sL /fi6« O/fgsf]
b/f] xft ePsf] oxfFsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf nufot a]nfotsf u'Ktr/
ljefuaf6 ;'Gg kfOof] .
cfh w]/} lbg eof] ;fO/gsf] s0f{lk|o w'g ;'Gg gkfPsf] .
Py]G;sf] em/L ^! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L ^@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

sg{jfnsf] ;]/f]km]/f
a|s
' lngsf] kljq e"lddf kP/ :kz{ u/fpg gkfPsf]df lgs}
b'Mv nfUof] dnfO{ . a|s ' lngsf] cg'el" tdf x/fPF d lhkleq} .
lhk eg] Dofgxf6gnfO{ glhSofpg] k|of;df nflu/x]sf] 5 . O:6
l/e/ / Dofgxf6glardf /x]sf] a|s ' lng la|hsf] 5]pdf k'Ug} nfu]sf
5f}+ xfdL . o; a]nf ;g\ !*%^ df jfN6 lXj6Dofgn] n]Vg'ePsf]
k|l;4 sljtfsf] zLif{s ;lem/x]sf] 5' d – …qml;ª a|s ' lng km]/LÚ
-laANofF6f] cfsfzsf] w/ftnlt/_ – ho 5fª\5f
laxfgLsf] 3fdn] g'xfP/ d g/d ePsf] 5' oltv]/ . a]nfotL
3fddf g'xfpg', a]nfotL xfjfdf lrl;g'sf] h:tf] dhf, :jb]zsf]
eGbf cs{} s6d]/f] :jfb . x/f{s ] f] h:tf] 6/f{] :jfb . To;}n] t
a]nfotdf a/flnPsf cª\sn tfgf zdf{sf] d'6' sn]hf]df s:tf]
5f]PYof] . s;/L l6Kg'ef] pxfFn] oxfFsf ;f}Gbo{, ;+:s[lt, /xg–;xg
jftfj/0f 6kSs} lrnn] rNnf l6k]em}F / k:sg'ef] yfnel/ r'nL
kf/]/ g]kfnL jfª\do ;flxTosf] 8fnfdf .
To;}tfsfb]lv cfh;Dd df}nfO /x]5 . ;lNs/x]5 d;d;
dgx¿df . cf/fwgf ul/x]5g\ r]tgfsf . lgofqfsf ulx/f efjx¿nfO{
a'lg/x]5g\ k"mnsf dfnfx¿em}F . gofF laDax¿ . ;dodf pd|s ] f
ljrf/x¿ . lvk]/ a'lg/x]5g\ lg/Gt/ . a'lg/x]5g\ zAbsf
kl/dnx¿n] . pkf;gf ul//x]sf 5g\ . gofF 7fpF / gofF zAb
Py]G;sf] em/L ^# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
k|of]usf nflu . ca csf{] jfb hGdFb} 5 /] Tof] xf] zAb k|of]ujfb .
k|of]ujfb t 5Fb} lyof] / k|ultjfb klg . zAbk|of]ujfb . htfaf6
kfP klg 3'dfOlbg] t/ k'R5/ h:t} r}+ gegf}+ xf]nf s's/' sf] .
Tof] avt cª\snnfO{ ugfP x'g\ oxfFsf e§Lsf af6fx¿,
au{/x¿, dfG5]x¿ . 7'nf kfgLhxfh cfpFbf nG8gla|h lar}df
efFlrbf r:; b'Vof] xf]nf d'6' /fKtLsf] emf]n'ª\u]k'n ;Dem]/ .
y]D; ;';fpFbf afudtL ;DemF] x'g\ /fte/ lr;f] cf]5Øfgdf . slQ
w]/} kf]Nof]–kf]Nof] ;Demgfn] dg cª\snsf] .
lar/f Û xfdL csf{ cª\sn hubLz l3ld/]Ho"n] lr;f
k|hfltsf dfG5]sf] Jojxf/ b]v/] :jb]zlt/} efUbf klg a]nfotsf
;|:6f åo sfG5f sfsf O{Zj/ dfgGw/ / xl/l;+x yfkfsf ;fy
n'6k' 6' –' n'6k' 6' ' ub{} hf8fdf s7\of+lu|bF } 5f}+ . slxNo} 3fd gc:tfpg]
tf ls /f]on xfOg];sf] d's6' g} d's6' n] s'lF bPsf] /fgLsf] b]zdf . t/
klg 5}g s'g} lglZrGttf . ;+odzLntfdf lglZrGt x'g' afx]s .
lgofqfsf a'§fx¿ eg'{ t stfstf d c¿ g} a'§f eg{
yfn]5' . ;fFR+ r} cfhsfnsf] ;d;fdlos ;flxTo slt /ª\uLg x'bF f]
5 xlu Û htf tfg] klg tflgg] . sf]N6] km]g{ yfn]sf 5g\, ;flxlTos
ljwfx¿n] esfes . eG5g\, casf pQ/cfw'lgs ;flxTodf x/]skg
gf}nf] eP/ 5l/g] 5 xfd|f] jl/kl/ . If0f gf}nf] . dfG5] gf}nf] . zAb
gf}nf] . k|of]u gf}nf] . afkm/] afkm ;a} gf}nf] . dfG5] klg gf}nf] . ;fFRr}
ca t d}n] dfG5] dfG5]df klg gf}NofOF b]Vb} 5' . afafcfdf ;]tfsf],
sfnf gfgL hlGdg] . sfnfsf] aRrfsf], v}/f] skfn x'g] . Pl;ofnLsf
aRrfx¿df, s'O/f cfFvf, 3'uF l' /Psf skfn b]lvg] OToflb . s] oL
;a} gofF cfofd, gofF k|of]u, gofF z}nL x'g\ t < o;/L 5/k|l:6b} 5g\
oxfF l;4fGt, lghL ljrf/ / efjgfx¿ .
o;kflnsf] ofqf klg clns nfd} k¥of] nG8gaf6
blIf0ftkm{sf] sg{jfnsf] ;]/f]km]/f]sf] . @#* dfON; klxnf] lbgsf]
Py]G;sf] em/L ^$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
kmfg{jf]/f]af6 sg{jfn / bf];f| ] lbg sg{jfnaf6 NofG8\; PG8;Dd
%( dfON;sf] .
cu:6 la; tfl/v @))* sf lbg . uf]/g] L sfG5LnfO{
s]G8nsf/ PG8 Eofg xfP/ sDkgLdf !)) kfpG8 l8kf]lh6 /fv]/
k"0f{hL / d SofDanL{af6 kmfg{af]/f]sf] n'njy{ Snf]hlt/ nfU5f}+
ef8fsf] @) l;6] ldgLa; u'8fpFb} .
ofqfsf] lgwf] sl/a Ps dlxgf cufj} ePsf] lyof], sg{jfnsf]
/ NofG8\; OG8sf] ;]/f]km]/f] rSs/ dfg{] . /fgLsf] b]zdf 5'§L ldnfpg}
ufx|f] . sDtLdf klg @* lbg cufj} lgj]bg 7f]Sg'kg{] labfsf
nflu . a'‰g] dfG5]x¿ To;} alQPsf x}gg\ k};fdf ;'g ldl;Psf]
b]zaf6 g]kfnlt/} . t/ km]l/ oL hflt -a]nfotL g]kfnL_ x¿n] eg]
9fSg yfn] otf gofF 8fo:kf]/fsf] ;F3f/df x/]s lrh ablnP/ .
lsrl/ª–ldrl/ª ;fdfgx¿ sf]rg{; ' Dd sf]r5f{} a;sf] oqtq .
6]G6sf uf]8fltg]s kf]sf, e'8F Lk"hfsf ;fdfg . ;fdfg gc6fP/
lahf]u . c6fcf];\ klg s;f]/L / < ;'/z ] /fO{sf rf/, k"0f{hLsf] rf/
clg d]/f efG6fª–e'G6'ª rf/, s6fss'6s ' u/]/ ltg kl/jf/sf
hDdf afx| hgf eP5f}+ a;df .
a;af6 embf{ sRofss'rs ' g} ef] . l;ne/] 8]SrL s'lrPem}F}
lslrSs} d]/f] r:df klg . nufO;\ af6fdf v'a} Û
…rqm eP kf] xftdfÚ k5fl8sf] l;6af6 ;'l/nf] cfjfh cfof] .
lvGgtfn] el/of] dg .
Aff6f] 5f]6o\ fpg yfNof+} . ;a}sf cg'xf/df rds, rGb|df g}
plSng nfu]hlQs} . t/ xfdL emb}{ lyof}F cf]xf| nf]lt/ . cyf{t\
NofG8\; OG8 h'g 7fpF a]nfotsf] blIf0fL efudf kb{5 .
xNnfn] sfg emlGsg yfn] a;leqsf ‰ofpFls/Lx¿n] .
laxfg xtf/df tftf] lrofn] d'v kf]Ng'' afx]s c¿ KffPsf] xf]Og .
a]lhª\:6f]s x'bF } ;f]N;a/Llt/ 8f]xf]¥ofpg yfNof] g]leu]6/, 6D6dn] .
Py]G;sf] em/L ^% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ljZjdf s:tf s:tf ljs/fn o'4x¿ /lrP . sf]nDa;n] cd]l/sf
vf]Hbf ef/t kQf nufP, cfw'lgs ;]6n ] fO6ljgf klg . t/ cfhsf]
of] hdfgfdf jNnf] 6f]naf6 kNnf] ufFp hfg klg ;]6n] fO6 rnfpg]
rngn] leh]sf 5g\ cfhsf dfgj hflt r'nD{' d} 6]Sgf]nf]hLdf .
af6fsf bfofF–afofF b]lvg yfn] e]8fsf ayfgx¿ kfv}el/ .
xl/of] rp/df y'tg' ' hf]ts
] f] b]Vbf eF8' L lrdf]6g\ ] qmd a9\of] d]/f]
klg . r/g eg{] 7fpFlt/ kmf§km'§ ¿vsf ‰ofª afx]s c¿ ¿vx¿
b]lvGgg\ . s:tf] Jojl:yt k/fO{sf] b]zdf, Pp6f tf/n] ;a}nfO{
sG6«fn
] df /fVg] . Aof6«Lsf] dfWodaf6 agfOPsf] pQm ljB'tLo
tf/df 5'bF f xNsf s/]G6 nfUg] sf/0fn] tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf aflx/
rg{ hfg kfpFbf /x]g5g\ . xfd|f g]kfndf h:tf] uf]7fnfsf] oxfF
cfjZos b]lvgF d}n] .
laxfgsf] lrofsf] /;n] kf]Ng yfNof] stf stf . k5fl8
a;df x]5'{ ;a} lgb|fb]jLsf] sfvdf . s;}sf] rf}la;} 306f sfgdf
7]8+ L . sf]xL 3'gd
{ f Jo:t, cfkm" kl/of] 8«fOe/ d'vdf r'Oudsf]
pGdfb lnFb} tNnLg 5' af6f] 5f]6Øfpg .
wfgsf v]tx¿ geP klg a]nfotdf tf]/L eg] dgUo}
kmNbf]/x]5 . tf]/L kmfF6sf t/]nLn] dgsf] s'Og]6fnfO{ a'Gg yfn] 8f]sf]
a'ge
] m}F . xNsf s'lx/fsf] bu'/fOn] Ps}l5gdf xfOj] 9kSs 5f]K5 .
a]nfotsf] s] kfvf s] leQf eGg' . oxfF g]kfnsf] h:tf] kxf8 x]//]
lt;{gf d]6g\ ls t j]N; ls :s6NofG8 k'Ug' k5{ .
af6fdf kg{] ;le{;h
] d
\ f a; /f]S5' . hxfF xf]6n nufot
vfgflkgf ;a}sf] Joj:yf x'G5 . km]g]{ lrhx¿ ;a} km]/k] l5 3/}af6
agfPsf ksjfgx¿n] Rofk' xNnfpg yfNof}+ xfdLn] . ;]nfPsf]
;]n/f]6L / lr;f] cfn'bdn] s'Gtfsf] e'8F L emg\ km'Sof] a]ng' km'ne
] m}F
x';;
' ;
' ' . gfgLx¿n] eg] Kofs]6sf] cfn' lrK;n] uf]h/] f] e/] .
xfdL km]l/ af6f] 5f]6o\ fpg yfNof}+ . a]ns
' L SofDk;fO6df
Py]G;sf] em/L ^^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
af6f] la/fpFb} k'luof] . uf]wl" n ;fFem;Fu} x/fO/x]sf lyof}+ xfdL k'Ug]
g} a]nfdf . jl/kl/ kxf8 ;lxtsf] hª\unlardf le/fnf] st} ;Dd
st} kmfF6 clg ;fgf] vf]N;fn] Tof] jftfj/0fdf d yfsF] klg gyfs]
h:t} ePF . ;fFemsf] cFWof/fnfO{ l5rf]Nb} 5fd5fd 5'd5'd ub}{
ltgj6f 6]G6 6fFluof] . d]G6f]n aflnof] . xfjfåf/f km'Sg] u2f
km'nfOof] clg km]l/ 9'ªu] o'usf] dg'io h;/L vfgf vf]Hg glhssf]
ahf/tkm{ nfluof] lsgls vfgf agfP/ vfFbf ToxfF tDa'df ;'ts ] f
dfG5]x¿nfO{ l8:6a{ x'g] sf/0fn] ubf{ o;f] ug{' afWotf lyof] . of]
7fpF ;]G6/ KjfOG6 lyof] xfd|f] . ltg lbg;Dd sg{jfnsf] glhssf
7fpFx¿ 3'Db} cfP/ a:g] 7fpF .
k"0f{hL cufl8, lardf ;'/z] bfO, d k/]F k'5f/df . 8fF88} fF8fsf]
ef]sf] lxF8fO, lIflthn] lh:Sofpg 5f8]sf] x}g . lr;f] af]s]/
pHofnf] 5g{] d]/L Kof/L h"g cfsfzdf dfq b]V5' pHoflnPsL
stfstf . df+;k];Lx¿ uNg yfn] . ;f; a9\g yfNof] psfnLsf]
lxF8fOn] . ahf/sf] gfd lg;fgf st} 5}g . c;/Nn k¥of] ltg}
hgfsf] dg . lah'nLsf kf]nx¿ dfq plePsf 5g\ dw'/f aQLsf]
k|sfz 5/]/ . ;'g;fg 5 ;8s lsgf/f . s;}sf] klg st}af6
hGd]gg\ pT;fx / pbf/tf dgf]efjgf . ;8ssf bfofF–afofF a'ys ' ]{
sfF8] a'6o\ fg afx]s s]xL x}g b]vs
] f] .
…sfF8] 3f/Ldf ‰jfDd ÛÚ ;'/]zhLsf] cfTyfyfsf] a]r}gL
efsf . k"0f{hLsf] xftsf] lwlKwkfpFbf] 6r{sf] s'g} cfjZostf
b]lvPg . h"gn] cfsfz pHoflnP klg xfdLn] bz{g ug{ kf’x}g .
d]/f] t emg\ s] s'/f Û t}klg ;fy t lbg} k¥of] lbgel/sf] e'OF
kfOn6sf] sfd u/] klg . hlt yfs] klg lgM:jfy{, kl/jf/ / ;fyLsf
lglDt .
ltg hgfsf] ;fOt gldn]em}F nfUof] dnfO{ . nvt/fg kl/of]
Psflt/ ef]s csf{]lt/ Kof; . dfgf}+ drflxF nx/fsf] km;L{emF},
Py]G;sf] em/L ^& s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
ToxL klg le/}g/] sf], e]6g\ f] r'lF 8g nfu]sf] . pk\m Û s:tf] x}/fgL
of] . cfwf 306fsf] af6f] kZrft\ aNntNn Pp6f k'n eGg] ufpFdf
lrlgofF bfOsf] 6]scj] k;ndf k'U5f}+ . eft, ldS; e]lh6]an /
l/A; -;'Fu'/sf] s/ªaf6 agfOPsf], t/sf/L_ lsg]/ rfF8rfF8f]
kms{G5f}+ . af6fdf kmls{b+ f 6x6x h"gsf] k|sfzn] k"0f{hLsf] 6r{
eof] a]sfd] . nfUg klg s:tf] rxlsnf] nfu]sf] h"g . ev{/}
cfsfzdf /f];gL af]s/] 5l/Psf] h'g clxn] cfFvfsf] gfgLd} zLtn
af]s/] emlNsof] . cfgGb, Psbd cfgGb . zLtnn] lbg] k|efj
dfG5]sf] hLjgdf cs{} . 3fdsf] tfksf] k|efj cs{} .
rsdGg 5 /ft . lr;f] a9\g] ;Defjgf 5 cfh . tn
kmfF6df ;'ts] f v}/x] ¿sf] xfF;f] eg] sfg;Dd 7f]lsG5 . lvlttL–
lvlttL . ;Gtfgx¿n] s'//] a;]sf /x]5g\ . dfof klg nfUof] . vfgf
lw/ld/fpFbf] aQLsf] ;xfotfdf vfof}+ skfsk . …ef]s ld7f] ls ef]hg
ld7f]Ú cfhsf] /ftn] cf]sNof] . /ft t dh}n] laTof] . xNsfk'mNsf cfª
ttfP/ lj:t/f ttfpg nfluof] . k|;Ggtfn] ev{/sf] j}/fUokg
l5GgleGg eof] . t/ Psl5g kZrft\ lr;f] 3':g yfNof] xfd|f
af:;fsf RofFkaf6 . lr;f] Psbd lr;f] . hª\unsf] jf; 3/sf]
h:tf] s]sf] tftf] xf];\ . xfdL u'8l' Nsof}+ s's/' ;'te
] m}+ . t/ eGg' dfq}
a]nfotdf t s's/' la/fnf eP/ hGdg' g} a]; . eg]sf a]nfdf vfgf,
kfgL, ;'Tg] ;do ;a} lgoldttf, s:tf] xfO;Grf] . clg xfn;fn}sf]
uf]vf{nLn] kfpg] xf/fxf/Lsf] k]G;g hlt eQf klg . 8fS6/b]lv
lnP/ vfgflkgf ;a} ;'ljwf kfOG5 . s's/' la/fnfsf] ;fdfg /
dfG5]n] vfg] ;fdfgdf e'mlSsOG5 slxn]sfxLF t .
laxfg p7]/ glhs}sf] Pp6f rf/kf6] 3/df uP/ kl;{g] sfd
eof] . hxfF tftf]kfgL, g'xfpg] wf/f, aQL ;a} Jojl:yt . s:tf]
dHhfsf]] 7fpF Tof] . cgsG6f/ ePklg cfwf/e"t cfjZostfn] el/
k"0f{ 7fpF . laxfg gf}+ ah] xfdL NofG8\; OG8sf] kfvf eg{ k'U5f+} .
;d'bs | f] lr;f] xfjfn] 5ftL lr:ofOlbG5 . yfx} gkfO{ k:5 of] xfjf
Py]G;sf] em/L ^* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
dgleq stf stf .
kfvfel/ 3'dGt]x¿ klZrd]nL efsfdf n7fl/Fbf 5g\ . csf{sf]
s'/f] s] ug'{' xfd|} ;dfhdf cfhef]ln lelq;s]sf] 5 o:tf] ;+:sf/ /
;+:s[lt xfd|f] ;dfhsf] kl/lwleq klg .
;d'bs| f] 5fn xfjfsf] ultdf a6fl/Fb} 5 . ;kmf 5 df};d .
atf;sf] xNsf :kz{n] dGqd'Uw ePsf] 5 d]/f] dg . ;a}sf] dg .
oltv]/ klg gpl3|Psf] dg v} < slxn] kf] pl3|Pnf / < ;a} ofqfsf]
cfgGbdf e'mDb} 5g\ . a8f] /dfOnf] 7fpF . ;kmf 7fpF . dgn] dgdg}
u'G5 d]/f] . g]kfndf klg 7fpF t y'k}| 5g\ /d0fLo :yfgx¿ t/ ;|ft]
/ ;fwgsf] sdLn] n'ss ] f 5g\ . n'sfOPsf 5g\ . dfgf}+ Tof] lbg
kv{gnfO{ uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfnsf] sljtf k9\gk' 5{ km]l/M
cfdf, Tof] cffpF5 / Û
…xf] af, Tof] cfpF5===
Tof] laxfgsf] ;"oe { m}+ pHofnf] 5b}{ cfpF5 .Ú
v} s'g lbg cfpg] < cfpg t cfP slt k|x/x¿ t/ xfdLn] vf]hs ] f]
laxfgL slxNo} cfPg . xfdL cfˆgf] ufpFsf] ;Demgfdf -dfks
oGqaf6 gfk]/_ kmf]6f] lvR5f}+ . xfdL /fd]5fkaf6 $,(#% dfOn 6f9f
/x]5f}+ .
Py]G;sf] em/L ^( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
kmf]6f] lvr]sf] blIf0ff hDdf @@ kfpG8 r9fof}+ . sfG5L
5f]/L k|sl[ tn] kfgLhxfhdf r9\g] /x/ u/]sLn] xfdL ;d'bs | f] 5]plt/
em¥of}+ . kxf8} kxf8sf] lsgf/} lsgf/ . rd]/f /dfpg] le/ ;d'b]|
kfv}el/ . ;'lnQ tfl5Psf] le/ . le/sf] yfKnfaf6 lrKn]df df5f
dh}n] ;dfltg] /}5 ;d'bs | f] . lgnf] ;d'bd
| f xfd|f pl3|Psf dg . ;a}
kmf]6f] lvRgdf Jo:t . 6fO6flgs lkmNdsf] b[Zo ;Demfof] km]l/
Psk6s . sl/a Ps 3G6f;Ddsf] kfgLhxfhsf] 3'dfO ;s]/ xfdL
kms{G5f}+ . vfhf vfPkl5 s]xLl5g kZrft\ xfdL km]l/ sfg{sL ufpFsf]
sfg{ao]| f Sof;n -k|frLg lsNnf_ tkm{ nfU5f}+ . sfg{ao]| f / sf]nd '
:df/s ;Fu;Fu} cjl:yt ePsfn] ubf{ xfdL Tot}lt/ x'lQG5f}+ .
;d'bs | f] ;txaf6 dfq %%) lkm6df cjl:yt sfg{sL EofnLnfO{
5f]8b\ } xfdL psfnL r9\5f}+ . af6fsf ;fgfltgf e§L k;ndf lbpF;}
v'§f a6f/]/ n7fl//x]sf lyP oxfFsf ufpFnx] ¿ . v}/] ;fyLx¿sf]
hLjgz}nL g} o:t} 5 . xKtfel/ sdfof] z'qmjf/ cfPkl5 e§Ldf
lkP/:jfxf kf¥of] . clg km]l/ pbfl;nf] cg'xf/ lnP/ ;f]daf/
sfddf uof] n'?n'? .
af6fdf hfFbfhfFbf, 3f]8f r8\g] ta]nflt/ hfg] af6fsf]
;fO{gaf]8{ b]vk] l5 xfdL pt} hfg pT;'s x'G5f}+} . ;fOgaf]8{ k5ØfpFb}
xfdL 3f]8fsf] kmfd{df k'U5f}+ . gfgL s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ 3f]8f 5fGg
nufpF5f}+ . 3f]8fsf gfd klg slt /fd|f, ld:6L, Kof;g, 6f]jf]O] an
cflb . k|To]s 3f]8fdf Ps hgf ufO8 . Ps 3G6fsf] ;dokl5 dfq
3f]8fsf] ;o/ ;lsg] ePsfn] xfdL eg] e/] vfg] ;fdfg lsGg
glhssf] ahf/lt/ nfG5f}+ . ;fdfg lsgLj/L xfdL gfgLx¿;Fu+ }
8fF8ftkm{ nfU5f}+ . gldn]sf bfFt h:tf 9'ªu\ a] f6fdf lxF8b\ fsf] dHhf
g} csf{] . lbbLalxgL, gfgL s]6fs]6Lx¿ 7;7; sGb} 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf
k'U5g\ . xfd|f Sofd]/fd]g k"0f{hLsf] P;Pncf/sf] h'dleq xfdL s}b
x'G5f}+ s]xL xb;Dd eP klg .
cg';Gwfgstf{ ljlnod af]nf{;sf] egfOdf ^ xhf/ jif{
Py]G;sf] em/L &) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
klxnf g} of] sfg{ao]| f lsNnf n8fOFsf] nflu k|of]udf NofOPsf] cf:8faf6 e/] vfg] df;'sf ;fdfg lsg]/ df]ndfn kf/]/
lyof] . of] s'/f ;g\ !&%$ df cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf e]§fPsf kmnfd] sG6]g/df /fV5f}+ . efph" j;GtL, dfOh" sdnf / d]/L >LdtL
aGr/faf6 c8\sn sf6]sf 5g\ . sl/a $ xhf/ jif{ klxn] oxfF kfj{tL eg] tDa' 6fFUg yfn] . xfdL s]6fx¿ cfuf] km'Sg nfUof}+
l6g / tfdfsf] Joj;fo ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ oxfF y'k}| vfN6fv'N6L, sf]Onfsf] . gfgL s]6fs]6Lx¿ pk|mg yfn] kfvf leQflt/ . 5f]/L
efl;Psf hldg / u'kmf h:tf Kjfn oqtq b]lvG5g\ cem}klg . k|l] /sfn] eg] crf/ lk:g yflng\ ANofG8/df . xfdL eg]] lr;f]
Tof] ;dodf oxfFsf dflg;x¿n] tfdf / l6gsf sRrf j:t'x¿ lao/n] r//// km6fpg yfNof}+ lbgel/sf] ;'ss] f] 3fF6L .
cfo/NofG8 nufot :k]g, kf]ru{' ndf a]rs ] f s'/f -sflg{s lx:6f]/L o;/L g} ltg kl/jf/sf] rf/ lbg] ofqfnfO{ dgel/, cfFvf
kmf]/dsf] k]h g+= *–!!_ leq b;f{OPsf] 5 . slt 6f7faf7f, Tof] el/ / 8fo/Lsf] kfgf eb{,} ;fFemdf hlt /d] klg ef]ln laxfg} 3/tkm{
;dod} Jofkf/ Joj;fo ckgfPsf oL hfltn] . hfgsf] vflt/ xfd|f] ofqfnfO{ 6'ªU\ ofp5f}+ Tof] /ftsf] zLt / l;tg
lbg 9ln;s]sf] sf/0fn] xfdL pxL+ SoflDkª ;fO6df k'U5f}+ ;Fu} .
bf];f| ] /ft u'hfg{ . /fO; s's/df g} vfgf ksfpF5f}+ . t/sf/L eg]
rfOlghsf] lhGbfafb . o;sf] emf]ndf df]Nof] clg x;'¥of] xftn]
dHhfn] . [
bf];f| ] lbg xfdL glhs}sf] ;d'bs | f] lSnkmsf] 6'Kkf 6'Kkfdf
xfOlsª\ uof}+ . dfG5]sf cf]O/f] 5 . kfvfel/ g} 5kSs . jiff{ofddf
lg:sg] l5lrld/fem}+ . cfwf lbg;Dd xfOlsª u/]/ xfdL kmls+b{ f
af6fdf kg{] 8f];6]{ sf] sf]km{] Sof;ndf nfU5f}+ . ;g\ !)*) df lgdf{0f
u/] klg o;sf] d"t¿ { k eg] ;g\ -!!((–!@!^_ df /fhf hf]gn]
lbPsf lyP . t}klg ;g\ !^$^ sf] l;len jf/df Wj:t ePkl5 of]
Sof;nn] dfq Oltxf; af]s/] plePsf] 5 . ToxfF ;uf]ndf tl:a/
lvr]/ xfdL a;kfs{lt/ nfU5f}+ .
xfdL ToxfFaf6 klg 8f]/;]6sf xl/ofnL kfvfx¿nfO{ l5rf]Nb}
;fpy Nofr]G6 Dofg/ slG6«;fO8lt/ alQG5f+} . cfh a; xfFSg] kfnf]
k"0f{hLsf] ePsfn] ubf{ cfFvfn] /ldtf x]g{ k|z:t g} kfPF . pxL xfOj],
ToxL l7d:ofOnf kfxf8x¿ . e]8f / ufO{sf ayfgsf] r/g . x]bf{xb] }{
lbpF;} ;kgf b]v5 ] ' . ;'/z
] hLn] emsemSofpFbf kf] cfFvfsf 9sgL
vf]lnG5g\ d]/f . cf:8f -;'k/ dfs]6{ _ df cfOk'luP5 .
Py]G;sf] em/L &! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L &@ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

lu|ghf]gb]lv lu|gljg Sofkm];Dd
…u'/fF; t xfd|fd ] f dfq x'G5 eGof t oxfF kf] a];L x'bF f] /}Ú5Ú, 6\jfNn
kb{} d}n] eg]F .
…xf] t, u'/fF; ltd]?s} xf] 6f/f, leS6f]l/cf /fgLsf] kfnfdf g]kfnsf]
lxdfnL If]qaf6 xfdLn] NofP/ oxfF /f]ks ] f lyof}+ .Ú
…dnfO{ t u'/fF; ;]tf / /ftf dfq} x'G5g\ h:tf] nfUYof], t/ oxfF t
lrtfpFb} glrtfPsf cg]s /ªsf b]V5' lg h" ÛÚ
-a]nfotlt/ a/flnFbf_– tfgf zdf{
ltg dlxgfkl5 km]l/ afh|faf6 ;?jf eP/ aubfb\sf]
lu|ghf]gdf k'luof] . jftfj/0f leGg}, sfd ug{] tl/sf leGg}, dfG5]sf
xfpefp leGgfleGg} . ;a}–;a} gf}nf] nfUg yfNof] dnfO{ .
rf/}lt/ l6jfn -sª\lqm6n] ag]sf] !@ lkm6] kvf{n_ h;sf]
xftfleq ljZjsf s"6gLlt1, u'Ktr/ ljefub]lv lnP/ O/fssf]
k|wfgdGqL g'/L cn dlnsL / pgsf gf}hjfg ;}lgsx¿ a:5g\ .
:d/0f /xf];\, ;g\ !(@!–!(%* ;Dd O/fsdf km}hn j+zsf
/fhfx¿n] /fHo ;~rfng u/]sf lyP eg] ;g\ !(%*–@))% ;Dd
/fi6«klt / To;kl5 dlnsL @! clk|n @))^ df k|wfgdGqL kbdf
5gf]6 ePsf x'g\ .
O/fssf] df};dsf] s'/} gu/f}+ . xfjf rNbf w'nfsf] d':nf] .
grNbf k|r08 3fd . s'O/Ld08n . nufPsf] n'uf l5gsf l5g
Py]G;sf] em/L &# s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
6s6Sofpg'kg{] . d'vdf df:s gnufP bdsf] l;sf/ aGg] 8/ .
klxnf] k6s xf] o:tf] vfnsf] df};d b]vs
] f] d}n] . kfgL gk/]sf]
slt ef] slt . s:tf] cgfj[li6 d?:yn of] . t/ cfh eg] cfsfz
v'nf 5 . ;kmf 5 .
dlnsLsf] Sjf6/ / xfdL a:g] sDkfpG8 xfOkmf ;8sn]
;Ldf/]vf hf]8s ] f] 5 . p;sf ;}lgsx¿ /ftf 6f]kL nufP/ s'v/' fsf]
efn]sf] h;/L otf / ptf s'bL lxF85 \ g\ . sf]xL ao/sf] ¿vsf]
l;ofFndf d:tn] lbgdf g} ;kgf klg b]lvlxF85 \ g\ . sf]xL xfdL;Fu
æ;|fg] s
] ;flbsÆ cyf{t\ …s:tf] 5 ;fyLÚ egL 6f]kN5g\ . sf]xL eg]
p;s} yfnsf] ufF; vfOb]nf h:t} u/]/ af]nL 6f]kNb}gg\ . l6d'ls{P/
lx+85
\ g\ . cfTdljZjfzsf 3fts xltof/x¿ . g dw'/tfn] 5fPsf] 5
oL hfltsf af]nfOdf g ;lxi0f'tfsf] zfnLg efjgf g} .
d}n] ;f]rs
] f] lyPF, d'l:nd hfltx¿ s§/ x'G5g\ wd{df,
sd{df ;a} ;a}df t/ ha d oxfF cfFP ta kfPF To;sf] l7s
ljk/Lt .
xfdL;Fu sfd ug{d
] f O/fssf ^) a;{] a'9fb]lv lnP/ !^
a;{] t?0f tGg]/Lx¿ klg lyP . ha ha lbg b'O{ u'gf /ft rf}ug' fsf]
/ˆtf/df oL hfltx¿;Fu 3'nldn x'g] df}sf kfOof] ta kfOof] k9\g
/ yfxf eof] k|:6¿kdf logLx¿sf] cfgLafgL / cfr/0f . s]6fx¿sf]
cljZjfl;nf] afgL / s]6Lx¿sf] pR5[ªv \ nkgsf] Aojxf/ b]Vbf
;f]rs] f] eGbf l7s ljkl/t kfPF d}n] .
xfdL a;]sf] k"jk{ l§sf] vf]nf l6lu|; . l6lu|; ;';fpFYof] t/
ToxfFsf] kfgL;Dd 5'g eg] ;lsPsf] lyPg . l6lu|; gbL 6sL{ /
l;l/ofnfO{ l5rf]Nb} O/fs lelqPsf] 5, t/ xfd|f dgleq eg]
lelqPsf] 5}g . g5f]Psf] dfof s] dfof . g5f]Psf] vf]nfsf] kfgL s]
kfgL . clg xfdL alQof}+ 5'gnfO{ l6lu|;sf] kfgL . ;ª\nf] kfgL .
;2fdn] s'lb{;x¿nfO{ lkpg gk'¥ofPsf] kfgL . ;g\ !((! df
Py]G;sf] em/L &$ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
xhf/f}+ s'lb{;sf] nf;x¿nfO{ kvfn]sf] kfgL . s] 5'g' s] g5'g' .
t}klg xfdL nfUof}+ Tot}lt/ cyf{t\ l6lu|; vf]nfsf] lsgf/lt/ .
l6lu|; kl/lbof] xftfeGbf aflx/ cyf{t\ /]8 hf]gdf clg xfdL a:of}+
jfl/ lu|g hf]gdf . l6lu|;sf] kfgL 5'g g;s] klg h;f] t;f] aubfb
x]g;
{ Dd eg] Hofg dfof df/]/ eP klg ;ft hgfsf] x'n afFw/] sDd/
s:of}+ .
ofqf lgwf] u¥of}+ . ofqfs} qmddf emfkfsf gjLg, sfe|s
] f
/fd, sf7df8f}s
+ f /fh]z, lrtjgsf nfdf, kf]v/fsf nfn / Zofd
ldqx¿ lyP . xfdL a]Unfa]Un} l8kf6{dG] 6df sfo{/t eP klg lbgdf
Psrf]l6 e]6 eg] ePs} x'GYof] . cfh xfd|f] ofqfdf aubfbsf]
lu|ghf]gleq kg{] l6lu|; gbL, ;}lgs :df/s tyf ;2fdsf] Kofn];
3'Dg] nIo lyof] . xfdL alQg yfNof+,} nfdfhLsf] clkm;sf] NofG8
q'mh/df .
xfd|f] blIf0flt/ ;2fdsf k'q åo pbo / So';s
] f Kofn];sf
eUgfjz]if dxn h:tfsf] t:t} /x]5g\ . ltgnfO{ g agfpg] hdsf{]
ul/Psf] 5 g t eTsfpg] tv{/ g} .
— w/fk eP/ plePsf 5g\ .
— hL0f{ eg] eOxfn]sf 5}g\ .
oxfFsf] lu|ghf]gnfO{ ljleGg r]sKjfOG6sf] gfds/0fn] y'k}|
7fpFx¿5'6o\ fOPsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf glhssf] r]sKjfOG6 !) sf] glhs
l6lu|; gbL kg]{ ePsf] sf/0fn] xfdL To;tkm{ nfU5f}+ .
ha xfdL r]sKjfOG6 k'U5f}+ ToxfFsf] cd]l/sL nufot O/fsL
uf8{ kmf];n
{ ] xfdLnfO{ vfgtnf;L lng ;'? u5{ . bfofFkl§sf] O/fsL
uf8{n] Ps] kmf]6L{ ;]eg] /fOkmn t]:of{pg yfn] xfdLlt/ . logLx¿n]
l;s]sf] cg'zf;g . logLx¿n] k:s]sf] ;b\efjgf b]v]/ xfdL
xlRsof}+ . s]xL e/f];f gu/] x'G5 oL hfltsf] . g;'gs ] f] x}g Sof/],
dfG5] df/]sf] logLx¿n] . !@ hgfnfO{ t 8ª8ª cfFvfdf k§L afFw/]
Py]G;sf] em/L &% s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
uf]nL xfg] . Ps hgfnfO{ aln r9fpFbf s'v/' fsf] 3fF6L /]6] h;/L
/]6] . To;a]nf g]kfn ;/sf/n] yfxf g} kfPg . ;'Gb} ;'gg] . xfd|f]
b]zsf j}bl] zs s"6gLlt1sf] gfpFdf lbgf]/ft eQfvfP/ e'8F L xNnfpFb}
e'ml;nf] 8sf/ 8sfg{' afx]s v} s] g} kf] n5f/kf6f] nfÚsf 5g\ / b]z
l:j6\h/NofG8 agfpg] k"jf{wf/sf] ;+/rgf ug]x{ ¿n] .
uNtL t s]xL u/]s} 5}gf+} . gla/fpFbf ;xgzLn klg aGg'
slQ < t}klg lsg o:tf] Jojxf/ xfdLk|lt < d}n] cd]l/sL r]skf]:6
sdfG8/nfO{ xfdL cd]/LsL;Fu} sfo{/t JolQmx¿ ePsf] kl/rokq
b]vfPkl5 aNn ;f]wk'5sf] sfd ug{ 5f]l8of] . cljj]sLx¿n],
a]kTtfdf xfd|f d'6' dfq sdfP . xfdL aflx/ hfg gkfpg] sf/0fn]
ubf{ r]sKjfOG6af6 g} l6lu|;sf] kmf]6f] lvr]/ kmls{of}+ / nfUof}+
…cggf+g} ;}lgs :df/sÚ kfs{lt/ .
af6f] 5f]6o\ fpg] sfd eg] r]sKjfOG6sf] s'/fn] g} eof] . htf
hfg' xFb' g} Tot} hfg'kg{] . s]sf] /x/ hfu]sf] a]sfddf xfdLnfO{ < h'g
sfd ug{' x'bF g} ToxL sfddf cufl8 ;g{] afgLn] vfg';Dd vfOof]
wf]sf lhGbuLdf . x'gklg lu|ghf]gsf] xftf aflx/ lgs} vt/f
g} lyof] . x/]s lbg slxn] sf/ ad slxn] ;';fO8 adn] lgbf{i] f
JolQmx¿sf] Hofg uPsf] b[Zo b]Vbfb]Vb} klg aflx/ hfg vf]Hg' h:tf]
xfd|f] d'Vof{OnF fO{ v} s] eGg] <
xfdL a;]sf] 7fpF g} s"6gLlt1x¿sf] d'Vo ynf] . oxfFleq
sDtLdf klg ;ftj6f ljb]zL /fhb"tfjf;x¿ 5g\ . dxFuf a'n6] k|k' m
uf8Lx¿sf] ;f]ck ug{] 7fpF of] . of] lu|ghf]gleq sfd ug{] JolQm
afx]s aflx/sf hf] kfof] ToxL JolQm cfpg ;Sb}gg\ of] 7fpFdf .
pgLx¿sf] ;]So'l/6L kf; ePkl5 dfq …O/fs jfO8 sf8{Ú
-kl/ro kq_ ljt/0f ul/Fbf] /x]5 .
oxfFleq sfd ug]x{ ¿sf] /jfkm g} cs}{ . lxF8fO cs}{ . af]nfO
cs{} . ;a} gf}nf, ;a} ;a} cgf}7f] . cfh oxfFsf] k|wfgdGqLsf]
Py]G;sf] em/L &^ s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
;af/L x'g] lbg /x]5 . ;af/L x'ge
' Gbf To;sf] sl/a Ps 306f nfossf] b[Zo b]lvG5 . bfofFafofFsf] vfnL efudf d/]sf of]4fx¿sf
cufl8 g} sdfG8f]x¿ t}gfy ug{ yflnG5g\ . x]nd]6x¿ hldgdf n:s/} la5\ofOPsf] 5 .
— d'ed]G6 sdfG8/sf xftx¿df jls6sL /]l8of] . s]xL kmf]6fx¿ lvr]/ xfdL ;2fdsf] k|f;] k]l/6L Kofn];df
— bfofFafofF ;8ssf k]6Lx¿df t}gfy u/]sf ;}lgsx¿ . 3'Dgsf] nflu x'lQG5f}+ km]l/ . nfdfbfOn] aubfbsf] xfOj]df k]ml/
— sDd/df gfOg ldlnld6/ lk:tf]n . yfNg'ef] a]tf]8n] 3'OSF ofpg . nfnbfOn] lel8of] lvRg yfNg'ef] .
— sfFwdf Ps] kmf]6L{ ;]eg] aGb's . nfdfhLn] eg] nf]s ufos hogGb nfdfsf] k'/fgf] uLt ufP/ af6f]
— sDd/sf] kf]r; ] df ^=&@ uf]nLsf Dofuflhg . 5f]6o\ fpg ;3fpg'ef] . /fh]zhL / d eg] lkpg yfNof}+ t'OtF O' tF L
— Dofuflhgsf] 5]jd } f 5'/L . lr;f] kfgL .
s] s] g} ul/xfNnfg\ h:tf] . t8se8ssf gf}6°L . af6fdf kg{]
3/, clkm;sf u]6x¿ aGb ug{] ;ª\st] u5{g\ . rfx] Tof] cd]l/sL
/fhb"tfjf; xf];\ ls a]nfot ;/sf/sf] xf];,\ u]6sf] cufl8 cfP/
O/fsL l;kfxL plePkl5 ;af/L g;s'Gh]n s;}sf] s]xL gnfUg] .
xfdL klg /f]lsG5f}+ . kl;gf rFx' ] t//// lhpel/, kfs]sf] sfutL
lgrf]/] em}+ . lar/f xfdL . 7'6] 6'l/:6sf] x/Llahf]u s:n] b]Vg] . …s]
lbgdf lgl:sP5f}+ cfhÚ gjLg cf]nL emf]lSsg yfn] . emfkfnL t
k/] af]Ngdf sf] k/f];\ pgsf 5]p5fp .
b'?:t} g]kfndf h:t} cufl8sf] uf8Ln] af6fdf s'lb/x]sf
;fd"lxs tl:j/
uf8Lx¿nfO{ xg{ nufP/ ;fO8 nufOlbG5g\ . cufl8 k5fl8
cd]l/sfåf/f k|bfg xDkmL eGg] uf8Ldf uf]nLuÝf ;lxtsf] :k];n
bfofFafofF htftt} Ift–ljIft ePsf eUgfjz]if 3/x¿nfO{
kmf}h, lardf sfnf lrNnf–lrNnf a'n6] k|k' m uf8Lx¿ . a'n6] k|k' m
l5rf]Nb} sl/a lt; ldg]6df k|f; ] k]l/6L u]6df k'U5f}+ . k'Ug'eGbf
uf8Lx¿df k|foM df]6f–df]6f xflsdx¿ . lu|ghf]g ;fFlRrs} lu|ghf]g
klxnf ToxfFsf ;]So'l/6L l6dn] ;r{ u/]kl5 dfq u]6leq l5g{]
geP/ s'g} xlnp8 lkmNd x]/h ] :t} nfUof] dnfO{ Tof] lbg .
cg'dlt kfpF5f+} . xfdL ;a}sf] sf8{ O/fs jfO8sf8{ ePsf] x'gfn]
k|wfgdGqLsf] ;af/L ;lsPkl5 xfdL xfd|f] SofDkaf6 @ ;lhn};uF klxnf] r]sKjfOG6af6 leq k:5f}+ . dxndf k:g'eGbf
lsdL blIf0fdf kg]{ n8fOFdf d/]sf l;kfxLx¿sf] :df/s agfPsf] cufl8 7'nf] åf/ 5 . ToxfF klg r]sckdf kf; ePkl5 dfq xfdL
7fpFdf k'U5f}+ . hxfF O/fg–O/fs o'4 -;g\ !($)–!(** df_ d/]sf ;2fdsf] sDkfpG8df l55f{+} . ;8ssf] bfofFafofF ljzfn tfn,
l;kfxLx¿sf] ;Demgfdf :df/s kfs{ agfOPsf] 5 . kfs{sf] xftfleq tfnsf] lardf au}r + f ;lxtsf] ;fgf] dxn, jl/kl/ a8]dfsf] kvf{n,
g} b'Oj{ 6f t/jf/nfO{ b'j} xftx¿n] ;dft]/ 78\ofOPsfn] lgs} x]g{ sDkfpG8sf] dWoefudf eJo dxn . cfxf Û ;fFRr} ;2fd x';g] n] t
Py]G;sf] em/L && s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L &* s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
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agfOPsf] /x]5 . ;2fdsf 5f]/f pbo / So';s ] f] eUgfjz]if Kofn];
h:t} ;2fdsf] of] Kofn]; klg o:t} cj:yfdf /x]5 . o:tf vfnsf
ljzfn Kofn];x¿ O/fssf] x/]s gfd'b ;x/x¿df cjl:yt 5g\
;2fdsf cem} klg . t/ oxfF eg] cd]l/sL …km:6{ sDAof6 l6dÚ n]
x]8Sjf6{/ agfPsf] /x]5 . O/fsdf adaf/L ug{] hxfh ;g\ @))# df
aL–@%) sf] t}gfy a]nfotsf] n]gxfd Po/kf]6d { f ul/Psf] lyof] .
@) dfr{ @))# df yflnPsf] ;f] o'4df cfh;Dd b; nfveGbf
a9Ln] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . a]nfotL hgtfn] To;sf] lj/f]w u/]kl5
xfdL pQm Po/kf]6s { f] ;'/Iffsf] nflu vl6Psf lyof}+ . xfdL k]6f« l] nª
ubf{ adsf] aflx/L efudf rsn]] …zflGtsf nflu n8, 8n/sf] v]tL
gu/Ú h:tf c¿ y'k}| gf/fx¿ g]kfnL efiffdf n]vs ] f lyof}+} . cfh
cfP/ ltg} adsf rf]O6fx¿n] elTsPsf 3/x¿ b]Vtf st} xif{ st}
la:dftn] dg lrdf]l6/x]5 d]/f] .
oxfFsf hgtfsf] egfO o:tf] 5, æPp6f b]z / hgtfsf]
enf] lrtfpg] JolQmn] slxNo} klg dxndf ljnf;L hLjg latfP/
afFRg rfxGgg\ .Æ x'g klg hgtfsf] tf/f] t To;} g} eOxfN5g\,
To;dfly ljZjsf] ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|eT' j sfod /fVg nfu]sfx¿nfO{
t emg} tf/f] xfGg ;lhnf] .
d afh|fdf sfo{/t x'bF f ToxfFsf hgdfg;df lgs} dhfn]
3'nldn x'g] df}sf kfOof] . ToxfFsf hgtfsf egfOdf ;2fd Ps
hgk|d] L JolQm lyP, t/ jf:tjdf pgL /x]g5g\ eGg] s'/f oxfF
agfOPsf dxnx¿n] k'li6 ub{5 . gq Pp6f b]zsf] /fi6«kltn]
b]zsf ljleGg s]Gb|x¿df o;/L ljzfn dxnx¿ agfpg', cf0fljs
xft xltof/ lgof{t tyf pTkfbg ugf{n] b]z / hgtfnfO{ ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lg kfg]{ afx]s c¿ s]g} x'g ;S5 / .
xfdL klg bza;{] hg o'4n] pFwf]ultlt/ ws]ln+b} 5f}+ . emg\
Py]G;sf] em/L &( s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
cfh cfP/ b]zn] cs{} ljs/fn o'4lt/ ws]Nb} u/]sf] Plsg ul//x]5'
d . lnË, j0f{ / hfltTjnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cufl8 a9\g,' lgd'vf
hgtfnfO{ lzIffdf pGd'Qm u/fpg' eGbf klg laTyfsf] /ut pDng]
efif0fn] ;f]emf g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf] dgnfO{ s'af6f] tkm{ 8fOe6{
u/fpgfn] k]ml/ Psrf]l6 dg b'Vg yfn]sf] 5 d]/f] . s] ca xfdL
d'l:nd / lxGb' , a'l4:6 / lj|ml:rPg cyjf hft / hfltTjnfO{
cfwf/ dfg]/ n8fOF n8\g] ls b]z ljsf;sf] nflu Psh'6 eP/
cufl8 a9\g] efjgfTds z}nL u'Yg]] < ;a} If]qaf6 ;r]t aGg
lgtfGt cfjZos 7fG5' d . xfdLn] cfh cfP/ km]l/ k5fl8 kms]/{
x]g'{ eGbf cufl8 a9\g] af6f] agfpg' h?/L 5 .
xfdL ofqfdf pq]sf] sl/a ltg 306f eO;s]sf] 5 . oltv]/
xfdL cd]l/sL kL PS; ;ksf] cufl8 rf]s8fsf] ¿vsf] l;ofn
tfKg yfNof}+ . of] SofDkleq ljleGg b]zsf dflg;x¿ sfo{/t
/x]5g\ . sf]xL elnan v]ln/x]sf, sf]xL kf}8L, k;n]x¿ 5fk|L
k;ndf ;fdfg a]lr/x]sf . cd]l/sL kmf}hx¿ otfptf bf}l8/x]sf,
jftfj/0f /d0fLo lyof], t/ dnfO{ eg] Pp6f pvfg ofb cfof],
…af3sf] 5fnfdf :ofnsf] /hfOÚ eg]sf] oxL /x]5 .
xfdL a;]sf] s]xL ld6/ cufl8 lu|gljg Sofkm] /x]5 .
Sofkm]sf] jl/kl/ dflg;sf] lgs} rxnkxn lyof] . udL{ g} eP klg
xfdLn] klg skmL÷Nof6] lkpg] lgwf] u¥of}+ . skmL;kdf sfd ug{] b'O{
hgf alxgLx¿ k|:6 ¿kdf g]kfnL g} ePsf] xfdL ;a}n] dx;';
u¥of}+ . /fh]zhL Sof6l/ª zfvfsf] Dofg]h/ ePsf] gftfn] ubf{
pxfFnfO{ g} skmL c8{/ ug{ cufl8 ws]Nof}+ . g]kfnL efiffd} skmL
c8{/ ul/of], t/ hjfkm eg] xfd|f r]nLx¿n] uf]?vfg]] efiffdf
lbPkl5 ;f]xL efiffd} jftf{nfk ug{ yflnof] . skmL ld7} lyof] t/
:jfb eg] vNnf] nfUof] dnfO{ . gjLghLn] dfn{af| ] r'/f]6sf] ;sf];
{ uF
Nof6] 3'8s \ fpg yfn] . xfdL eg] 5]js
} f] cf]lsnL r:dfk;ntkm{
nfUof}+ .
Py]G;sf] em/L *) s]bf/ ;ª\s]t
 cd]l/sL k;nsf] cf]lsnL r:df bf]sfgdf sfo{/t ldq
d]/} gfd/flz k/]5g\ . pgL;Fu Psl5g xNsf kl/ro eof] . O/fs
cfPsf] eP5 nueu b'O{ jif{ hlt . kl/rosf] qmddf kf] yfxf
kfOof], skmL;ksf alxgLx¿sf] lxdlrd g]kfnL eP klg ljb]zL;Fu
a9L ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdL emf/kft ag]5f}+ Tof] lbg . x'gt
xfdL;Fu Psl5g g]kfnL af]nk] lg lalu|g] t s] g} kf] lyof] / < gld7f]
cg'el" t eof] . cfˆg} e"lddf kl/ro u'dfpFb} u/]sf gful/ssf] d'ns '
O/fsdf Pp6f g]kfnLn] csf]{ g]kfnLnfO{ klxrfg ul/;s]kl5 klg
cfkm" g]kfnL g} xf]Og h;f]u/L clego ugf{n] xfd|f] g]kfnL
/fli6«otfdf slt rf]6 k'Ubf] xf] < tL ======alxgLx¿nfO{ s] yfxf .
hLjg xf] . d[To' xf] . pd]/ xf] . pd]/ 5Fbfsf] of}jg xf] . t/, 8n/
g} ;a}yf]s x}g eGg] s'/fdf .
cfhsf] ;don] klg xfdLnfO{ kv{ g ;s] g ,
lxh}sf] h;/L . clg k|:6} yfxf 5 ef]nL klg kv{Gg .
3fdn] aubfbsf] ;fdf/f d:ssf] 6'Kkfaf6 labf dfUb}
lyof] . xfdL klg 8'Ag cfF6s ] f] 3fdsf] b[Zo x]b}{ af6f] 5f]6Øfpg
yfNof},+ nfdfbfOsf] uLt ;'Gb}, kfgLd'lg 3'dfpg] ;fFrf], gaf]Ng]nfO{
af]nfpg s] vfFrf] . xfdL eg] tfnL ahfpg yfNof}+ .

Py]G;sf] em/L *! s]bf/ ;ª\s]t Py]G;sf] em/L s]bf/ ;ª\s]t

 v08sfJo
v08sfJoMM
5of;Lsf] 5lj—v08sfJo--;g\ @))*_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
u|xu|:t lbjfs/—v08sfJo--;g\ @))*_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
…zf]s zAbf~hlnÚ —lj=;+=@)^%_ — 8f= ;'ifdf cfrfo{
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhaf6 k|sflzt s[ltx¿M ddtfsf] vf:6f]—-lj=;+=@)^^_ — uËf lnun

uhn, uLt, uLlt sljtf;ª\ u | x M

sljtf ;ª\ u | x M dnfO{ 5'g] dg—-;g\ @))#_ — 1fg]Gb| ubfn
k|jf;L :j/—-lj=;+=@)%$_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L d ljgfsf] d]/f] hLjg—-lj=;+=@)^#_ — sdnf k|;fOF
k|0fo–k|;Ë—-lj=;+=@)%*_ — afdf 9'ªu\ fgf ;]tf] ufhn uhn ;ª\ux| — — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
OR5fx¿sf] d[To'–lbj;—-;g\ @))#_ — /df kf]v/]n -j=;+ @)^$_
dfofsf] ;fOgf]—-lj=;+=@)^!_ — dfof yfkf lgzf–lg¿k0f—d'Qms ;ª\ux| — ;Ltf zdf{
5ftLleq b]z b'Vbf—-;g\ @))$_ — x]dgfy l3ld/] cfTdfsf] cfF;—' uhn ;ª\ux| — lgzfGt td' PsfGt
dfG5] 9'Ëf / O{Zj/—-lj=;+=@)^)_ — dw' zdf{ lxpFsf] tGgf—-la=;+=@)^%_ — s[i0f ahufO{
k|]dk/fu—-lj=;+=@)^)_ — /d]z ;Tofn dgsf t/]nLx¿— — ladn lu/L
x/fPsf s}bLx¿—-lj=;+=@)^!_ — gu]Gb|/fh Gof}kfg] …d[bn
' sf uhnÚ uhnsf/—x:t — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
rf}tf/L efu !, @ — ;fu/ >]i7 uf}td …d[bn' Ú—;Dkflbt
cg'el" tsf ;Unf kfgfx¿ — lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x
—-;g\ @))$_ pkGof;
pkGof;MM
gofF d'ns' sf] gfb—-lj=;+=@)^#_ — df]xg l;6f}nf Bf}/fnL—-lj=;+=@)%!_ — xf]d
] gfy ;'jb] L
uf]ndfn -xf:oJoª\Uo_—-lj=;+=@)^#_ — lzjk|sfz cª\s'/—-lj=;+=@)%#_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
cfk|jf;sf ;';n ] L—-;g\ @))^_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L cfh km]l/ a]8 km]l/G5—-lj=;+=@)^!_ — lgng s'df/ y]RjdL
cfsfzdflysf] ;x/—-;g\ @))$_ — ef/tL uf}td RofTg g;s]sf] lr7L—-lj=;+=@)^#_ — 8f=bLks v8\sf
;ª\uLtsf] cfef; —-;g\ @))*_ — u+uf lnun
odk'/Lsf] dxn—-;g\ @))&_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
dxfsfJo
dxfsfJoMM
gofF O{Zj/sf] 3f]if0ff—-;g\ =@))$_ — uf]kfn k/fh'nL
8fof:kf]/fsf] k]g— -;g\ @))(_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
lgaGw
lgaGwMM afn;flxTo
afn;flxToMM
dgf]åu] —-lj=;+=@)%(_ — jfdf 9'ªu\ fgf Affn auFr
} f—-lj=;+=@)^%_ — ladnf lg/f}nf
d?e"ldsf] kL8f—-lj=;+=@)^!_ — v]dgfy kf}8n ] Affbn / Ct'—-lj=;+=@)^%_ — ladnf lg/f}nf
Py]G;sf] em/L — — s]bf/ ;ª\st] afndgsf] ;]/f]km]/f]—-lj=;+=@)^%_ — ladnf lg/f}nf
-lgofqf lj=;+=@)^&_ rGb|dfdf v/fof]—-lj=;+=@)^%_ — 8f= ;'ifdf cfrfo{

syf ;ª\u|xM ljljw

;Demgfsf cg'el" tx—-;g\ =@))$_
k|d
] sf] vf]hLdf—-;g\ @))$_
pGo" km'nk] l5—-;g\ @))$_
lrl/Psf] d'6' —-lj=;+=@)^%_
oGqjt\—-n3'syf_—-lj=;+=@)^%_
/f]8Dofk—n3'syf—-lj=;+=@)^^_
P]gf —-lj=;+=@)^&_
nf] s ;flxTo
;flxToMM
g]kfnL nf]ssyf—;ª\sng
5GTofnsf] 5]p5fpaf6—-lj=;+=@)%@_
5GTofn nf]s syf—;ª\sng
-lj=;+=@)^%_
;dfnf] r gf
gfMM
gj 5fofjfbsf] 5lj—-lj=;+=@)^%_
;d'bk| f/sf ;dfnf]rgf—-lj=;+=@)^%_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
cg];f; k'/:s[t s[lt kl/ro @))% — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L,
-lj=;+=@)^^_;Dkfbg_
ljljwMM
— sdnf ;¿k ;|i6f / l8lh6n cGtjf{tf — s[i0f ahufOF
— k|ldnf zdf{ -lj=;+=@)^^_
— afaf a:g]t cfk|jf;Lsf kq—-lj=;+=@)^^_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
— xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
— s[i0f jhufO{+ k| s fzf] G d' v
— s[i0f ahufO{+ uËfsf uhn — u+uf lnun
— uËf lnun cGtbf{x Û -pkGof;_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
j]nsd 6' cd]l/sf Û -pkGof;_ — xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
u|6] jfnb]lv Okm]n6fj/;Dd -lgofqf_ — s[i0f ahufOF
— xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
— xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
…hn]sf] x[bodf km'n]sf] km"nÚ uhnsf/—x:t uf}td
…d[ b ' n Ú—;Dkflbt—xf] d gfy ;' j ] b L
— xf]dgfy ;'jb] L
df]xg l;6f}nf
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s]bf/ ;ª\s]t cfh cfk}+m k]G;g/ eO ;s]sf 5g\ . k]G;g/
g]kfne"ldsf] xf]Og lg pxL b'O{ ;o a;]{ afa'–afh]n] kl;gf l;Gr]sf]
e"ldlt/sf] . pgL k]G;gSofDkb]lv k]G;g/;Ddsf] ofqf kf/
ul/;Sbf ælxF8b\ 5} kfOnf d]6b\ 5 } s] xf] <Æ eGg] ufpFvfg] pvflgof
9fFrfsf] afa'–afh] g} /x]gg\ / pgn] hLjg cg'el" tsf cfk\mgf
kfOnfx¿nfO{ ltg sljtf ;ª\ux| / Ps lgofqf ;ª\ux| df cfn}
ptfg{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . Py]G;sf] em/L -@)^&_ leqsf] em/L
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-;'gj' f/_ efiffdf /]p eG5f}+ / of] /]p xfd|f] e"uf]n, efiff–;+:s[lt /
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gf} pkzLif{sx¿el/ g} slj ;ª\st] Tof] /]pdf lgy'S| s ?e]msf
5g\ . x'g klg afp–afh]sf] laF8f] yfDb} j]nfotL ;fd|fHo cGtu{t
;}lgszlQmsf] d"naf6f] k5\ofpFb} ljZjgS;fdf !^ eGbf a9L
/fi6«x¿ rxfl/;Sbf ltgsf] sltko ;Ldf /]vfx¿el/ g} pgL st}
ef]s eP/ ?e]msf 5g\ . st} ltvf{ eP/ ?e]msf 5g\ , st} a}; + pn]/{
?e]msf 5g\ . st} ls/fFtL5fksf] ;'uGw eP/ ?e]msf 5g\ eg] st}
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k'mªsf] ;x–;Dkfbs slj ;ª\st] cfufdL em/Lx¿df ce}m pj{/tf /
;zQmtfsf ;fy 3gLe"t eP/ ?e\mg] 5g\ eGg] ;ª\st] ldn]sf] 5 .
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pbfPsf 5g\ s]bf/ ;ª\st] . pgsf] l;4x:t sndn] lvkL lvkL
n]vs] f lgofqfx¿ s'g} emsf]{ nfUbf 5}g,\ Ps kl5 csf]{ Ps} a;fOdf
kl9xfnf}+ nfU5g\ . jt{dfgdf ;+;f/sf] / hLjgs} clt g} hf]lvdk"0f{
7fpF O/fs / ckm\uflg:tfgsf] o'4e"lddf /x]/ klg, hd]/, /d]/
lgofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' pgsf] dxfgtf xf] . ljb]z hxfF /x] klg
pgn] cfˆgf] b]zsf] dfof d'6l' eq af]sL lxF8s] f 5g\ . st} em'ns] f
wfgsf kmfF6x¿ b]Vbf cfˆg} b]zsf t/fO{ g} b]V5g\ . ;fOk|; xf];\ jf
a]lnhsf ufpF3/x¿ x]bf{ xf];,\ cfˆgf] b]z / ufpF3/sf] emNsf] dgdf
a]:sg pdf{5g\ . To:nfO{ tGtgL lkpF5g\, dfofn], t[i0ffn], dgel/
d'6'el/ Û ;ª\s]t efOsf sndx¿ o;/L g} ;NanfO /x"g\
lg/GTf/ . s] em/L s] uf]nfaf?b, ;anfO{ k5fb}{ cfh dfq xf]Og
lg/Gt/ .
hof /fO{, a]nfot
s]bf/ ;ª\st] hLsf] lgofqf ;ª\ux| leq, ckmuflg:yfg, O/fs,
O6fnL, l:j6\h/n}G+ 8, lu|;, a]nfotsf 7fpF kl/j]z / a:t'l:yltx¿ Ps
kl5 csf{ l;g]dfsf b[Zox¿ h:t} tF5f8, d5f8 ug{ k'U5g\ . ;8\st]
k|To]s leGg kl/j]zdf ePsf 36gfj|mdnfO{ g"tg, :jfefljs / ck|ltd
If0fsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ub}{ ofqfsf lttf–ld7f 36gfx¿;+u hf]8/] e"uf]nsf]
bz{g u/fpF5g\ clg Oltxf;sf cg]s sfnv08x¿sf] gfnLa]nL ;'gfpb}
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k|sflzt s[ltM ;LdfxLg laDax¿– ;+oQ ' m sljtf ;ª\ux| @)^#,
cfkm]} hn]sf] b]z– sljtf ;ª\ux| @)^$, lu|gljrsf k|ltWjlgx¿–
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n]vgljwfM sljtf, lgofqf, ;+:d/0f, uLt, uhn, xfOs', cGo
;d;fdlos n]vx¿ .
;+nUgtfM ;lra ls/ftF ;'gj' f/ ;]jf ;dfh a]nfot
-@))&–@))(_, cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh a]nfot RofK6/
tyf ljZj g]kfnL ;flxTo dxf;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nufot tyf cGo ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;+u cfa4 .
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www.onlineliteratures.com
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;x;DkfbsM tf] ;]n k"m ;'gj' f/L dfl;s klqsf
e|d0fM !^ eGbf a9L ljleGg d'ns ' x¿
;Dks{M kedarsangket@gmail.com,
++447949237162

k|sfzs
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kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh
jfl;Ë6g 8L=;L=,;+oQ
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