ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT
1. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “too”/ “enough”:
a. too: Thường với “too” ta có cấu trúc câu sau:
S – be (look/ seem/ get/ become/…) – too - adj (for O) – to V
S – V – too - adv (for O) – to V
e.g. He is too short to play football.
The car was too expensive for him to buy.
He drove too fast to stop immediately.
He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
b. enough: ta có cấu trúc câu sau:
S – be – adj - enough (for O) – to V
hay S – V – adv - enough (for O) – to V
e.g. She isn’t old enough to drive a car.
The exercises were not easy enough for us to do them without difficulty.
He spoke English well enough to be an interpreter.
He drove slowly enough to avoid crashing.
Lưu ý: “TOO” mang hàm ý phủ định “quá…không thể’ nhưng “ENOUGH” lại có nghĩa “đủ…để”

2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “so adj/ adv that”:

S – V – so – adj/ adv – that S – V
e.g. The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation.
Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him.
The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “so few/ many – Ns that”:

S – verb – so – few/ many – Ns – that – S – V
e.g. The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.
We have so many guests that we have to borrow chairs from our neighbors.
He had received so few agreements that he couldn’t be appointed.
4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “so much/ little – uncountable N – that”:
S – verb – so – much/ little – uncountable N – that – S – V
e.g. He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
5. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “such – a(n) – adj – N – that”:
S – verb – such – a(n) – adjective – N – that S – V
e.g. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down.
6. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “so – adj – a(n) –N – that”:

S – V – so – adjective – a(n) – N – that S – V

e.g.It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
7. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT with “such –adj – Ns/ uncountable N – that”:
S – verb – such – adjective – Ns/ uncountable N – that S – V

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
e.g. She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1. The furniture was too old to keep.
→ It was ________________________________________.
2. He can't afford to buy the car.
→ The car ______________________________________.
3. The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
→ Such is ________________________________________.
3. Alice lost all her hope; she decided to stop her business.
→ Such was ______________________________________.
4. He is very strong. He can lift the box.
→ He is __________________________________________.
5. He ate a lot of food. He became ill.
→ He ate ________________________________________.
6. He bought lots of books. He didn't know where to put them.
→ He bought ____________________________________.
7. He is a very lazy boy. No one likes him.
→ He is such ____________________________________.
8. The coffee is too hot . I can't drink it.
→ The coffee is too _____________________________.
9. Her voice is very soft. Everyone likes her.
→ Her voice is so _______________________________.
10. He is so weak. He can’t run.
→ He is too _____________________________________.
11. The tea was very hot. He couldn’t drink it.
→ The tea was so ______________________________.
12. The weather is so bad that we can’t go out.
→ The weather is too _________________________.
13. The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it.
→ It was such _________________________________.
14. He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
→ He was such ________________________________.
15. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.
→ So fast ______________________________________.
16. The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other.
→ The fair was too ____________________________.
17. You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words.
→ You are such ________________________________.
18. It is so early that we can’t go out.
→ It is too ______________________________________.
19. The water is too hot for me to drink.
→ The water is so _____________________________.
20. The restaurant is expensive so we can’t eat in that restaurant.
→ The restaurant is so _______________________.

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1. He studied badly and he couldn’t pass the exam.
→ He studied so ______________________________________.
2. He isn’t very intelligent. He can do it.
→ He isn’t _____________________________________________.
3. He has a lot of money. He can’t buy a car.
→ He has so __________________________________________.
4. The room is so untidy that it took us one hour to clean it.
→ It is _________________________________________________.
5. The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him.
→ He is________________________________________________.
6. The film is so long that they can’t broadcast it on one night.
→ It is _________________________________________________.
7. The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
→ They are____________________________________________.
8. The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
→ It was_______________________________________________.
9. The food was so hot that it burned my tongue.
→ It was_______________________________________________.
10. There is so much rain that we can’t go out.
→ It____________________________________________________.
11. The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy.
→ He is________________________________________________.
12. The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
→ It is_________________________________________________.
13. The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
→ It was_______________________________________________.
14. There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
→ So many people ___________________________________.
15. The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
→ It was_______________________________________________.
16. They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
→ So much____________________________________________.
17. Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
→ Alice had too______________________________________.
18. The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
→ She was_____________________________________________.
19. The boy is too young to walk to school alone.
→ He was so young___________________________________.
20. The car was very rusty and they could travel far in that car.
→ The car was too_____________________________________.
Exercise 3. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. He had to leave his family_________ when he went abroad to work.
A. behind B. at a loss C. at all costs D. out
2. No child_________ the age of sixteen will be admitted to this film.
A. below B. except C. before D. lacking
3. I have lived near the railway for so long now that I've grown_________ to the noise of the trains.
A. familiar B. accustomed C. aware D. unconscious
4. The young soldier_________ a dangerous mission across the desert, although he knew that he might be
killed.
A. entered B. undertook C. agreed D. promised
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
5. From the hotel there is a good_________ of the mountains.
A. view B. sight C. vision D. picture
6. There is a fault at our TV station. Please do not_________ your set.
A. repair B. change C. adjust D. switch
7. It is usually better not to_________ things, in case they are not returned.
A. offer B. lend C. borrow D. lose
8. She applied for training as a pilot, but they turned her_________ because of her poor eyesight.
A. down B. over C. up D. back
9. I lost too much money betting at the races last time, so you won't_________ me to go again.
A. impress B. urge C. convince D. persuade
10. We've_________ of time to catch the train so there's no need to rush.
A. great deal B. enough C. very much D. plenty
11. _________ goes the bus; now we will have to walk!
A. Early B. There C. At once D. On time
12. The police have asked that_________ who saw the accident should get in touch with them.
A. somebody B. someone C. anyone D. one
13. As the streets of our cities become busier, people are turning more and to the_________ bicycle.
A. historical B. old aged C. elderly D. old fashioned
14. We'll play tennis and_________ we'll have lunch.
A. then B. straight away C. so D. immediately
15. _________ of all of us who are here tonight. I would like to thank Mr. Jones for his talk.
A. On behalf B. On account C. In person D. Instead
16. He soon received promotion, for his superior realized that he was a man of considerable ________.
A. opportunity B. ability C. possibility D. future
17. Take the number 7 bus and get_________ at Forest Road.
A. off B. up C. down D. outside
18. Some people think it is_________ to use long and little -known words.
A. sensitive B. clever C. intentional D. skilled
19. Don't touch the cat, he may_________ you.
A. scratch B. kick C. tear D. scream
20. These old houses are going to be_________ soon.
A. run down B. knocked out C. pulled down D. laid out
Exercise 4. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. The explorers walked all the way along the river from its mouth to its_________.
A. cause B. well C. outlet D. source
2. They haven't beaten me yet. I still have one or two_________ up my sleeve.
A. defenses B. jokes C. traps D. tricks
3. The law states that heavy goods delivery vehicles may not carry_________ of more than fifteen tons.
A. sizes B. loads C. measures D. masses
4. The Chairman was so angry with the committee that he decided to_________ from it
A. postpone B. resign C. prevent D. cancel
5. The boy fell into the river and was_________ along the fast current.
A. swept B. thrown C. swung D. caught
6. There is no_________ in going to school if you're not willing to learn.
A. point B. reason C. aim D. purpose
7. Mr. Smith was_________ in a road accident.
A. damaged B. injured C. wounded D. wronged
8. The child was so noisy that his mother told him not to be such a_________.
A. bother B. worry C. trouble D. nuisance
9. I expect it will rain again when we're on holiday this year, but at least we are properly prepared_________
it this time.
A. about B. for C. at D. with
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
10. I'm sorry, I haven't got_________ change. Why don't you try the bank?
A. lots B. any C. all D. some
11. You_________ go to the dentist's before your toothache gets worse.
A. rather B. better C. ought D. ought to
12. I saw a thief take Norman's wallet so I ran_________ him but I didn't catch him.
A. over B. near C. after D. into
13. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly_________.
A. flavored B. tasteful C. delicious D. desirable
14. She ranked to make an early_________ at the hairdresser.
A. date B. appointment C. order D. assignment
15. The safety committee's report recommended that all medicines should be kept out of the _________ of
children.
A. hold B. reach C. grasp D. hand
16. He stood on one leg, _________ against the wall, while he took off his shoe.
A. staying B. stopping C. leaning D. supporting
17. Is it worth waiting for a table at this restaurant or shall we go_________ else?
A. anywhere B. otherwise C. everywhere D. somewhere
18. Last year the potato harvest was very disappointing, but this year it looks as though we shall have a
better_________.
A. crop B. amount C. product D. outcome
19. He opened the letter without_________ to read the address on the envelope.
A. fearing B. worrying C. bothering D. caring
20. That's a nice coat, and the color_________ you well.
A. fits B. show C. matches D. suits
Exercise 5. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. He put a_________ against the tree and climbed up to pick the apples.
A. grade B. scale C. ladder D. staircase
2. If he drinks any more beer, I don't think he'll be_________ to play this afternoon.
A. possible B. skilled C. capable D. fit
3. There was a big hole in the road which_________ the traffic.
A. sent back B. stood back C. held up D. kept down
4. Is there a bank where I can_________ these pounds for dollars?
A. turn B. alter C. exchange D. arrange
5. She complained_________ when she heard that she had to work on Sunday.
A. terribly B. extremely C. severely D. bitterly
6. I am not sure, but_________ I know he has decided to accept the new job in London.
A. on the whole B. according C. as long as D. as far as
7. Do you know what time the train_________ to Birmingham?
A. comes B. reaches C. gets D. arrives
8. He was an_________ writer because he persuaded many people to see the truth of his ideas.
A. accurate B. unlimited C. influential D. ordinary
9. Workers who do not obey the safety regulations will be_________ immediately.
A. rejected B. refused C. dismissed D. disapproved
10. As far as I'm_________ it's quite all right for you to leave early.
A. concerned B. regarded C. bothered D. consulted
11. _________ from Bill, all the students said they would go.
A. Except B. Only C. Separate D. Apart
12. The blue curtains began to_________ after they had been hanging in the sun.
A. melt B. fade C. dissolve D. die
13. To our_________, Geoffrey's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A. relief B. anxiety C. eyes D. judgment
14. It's six years now since the Socialists came to_________ in that country.
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
A. control B. command C. power D. force
15. He has just taken an examination_________ chemistry.
A. about B. in C. for D. on
16. In spite of her protests, her father_________ her train for race three hours a day.
A. insisted B. caused C. made D. let
17. The shop assistant was_________ helpful, but she felt he could have given her more advice.
A. totally B. exactly C. entirely D. quite
18. I know him by_________ but I have no idea what his name is.
A. myself B. chance C. heart D. sight
19. He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second_________ when it was offered.
A. helping B. sharing C. load D. pile
20. When the time came to_________ the bill at the hotel she found her purse had been stolen.
A. pay for B. pay up C. pay out D. pay
Exercise 6. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. You must_________ that your safety belt is fastened.
A. secure B. check C. examine D. guarantee
2. Learners of English as a foreign language often fail to_________ between unfamiliar sounds in that
language.
A. differ B. distinguish C. solve D. separate
3. The old sailing boat was_________ without trace during the fierce storm.
A. lost B. crashed C. disappeared D. vanished
4. He_________ a rare disease when he was working in the hospital.
A. suffered B. caught C. infected D. took
5. Buy the new_________ of soap now on sale; it is softer than all others!
A. model B. brand C. manufacture D. mark
6. _________ you do better work than this, you won't pass the exam.
A. If B. Although C. When D. Unless
7. If you want to join the History Society, you must first_________ this application form.
A. fill in B. write down C. do up D. make up
8. He was afraid of losing his suitcase so he tied a_________ on it on which he had written his name and
address.
A. notice B. mark C. badge D. label
9. Having looked the place_________, the gang went away to make their plans.
A. over B. down C. out D. through
10. The play was very long, but there were two_________.
A. interruptions B. rests C. gaps D. intervals
11. The traffic lights_________ to green, and the cars drove on.
A. removed B. shone C. turned D. exchanged
12. The junior Minister's remarks on television about the strike_________ the Prime Minister so much that
he was sacked.
A. disagreed B. disordered C. disliked D. displeased
13. It's a good idea to see your doctor regularly for_________.
A. a revision B. a check - up C. an investigation D. a control
14. It is a good idea to be_________ dressed when you go for an interview.
A. smartly B. boldly C. clearly D. finely
15. A small_________ of students was waiting outside the class to see the teacher.
A. gang B. team C. group D. crowd
16. When he retired from his job the directors_________ him with a clock.
A. presented B. offered C. satisfied D. pleased
17. The new manager explained to the staff that she hoped to_________ new procedures to save time and
money.
A. establish B. manufacture C. control D. restore
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
18. The policeman_________ me the way.
A. said B. directed C. explained D. told
19. It's an awful_________ your wife couldn't come. I was looking forward to meeting her.
A. shame B. harm C. shock D. sorrow
20. He was in_________ of a large number of men.
A. direction B. leadership C. management D. charge

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION
I- ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề trong câu. Bắt đầu bằng : although, though, even
though, even if (mặc dù) + clause.
Although
Though + Clause (S + V …)
Even though
Even if
Ex1: He was lazy. He passed the test.
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Ex2: We had a picnic. The weather was bad.
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
II- PHRASE OF CONCESSION: (CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ)

IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase

Ex1: Despite studying hard, he failed the final test.

Ex2: We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE
(CÁCH ĐỔI MỆNH ĐỀ THÀNH CỤM TỪ)
1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ
thành sở hữu cách (possessive case), đổi tính từ thành danh từ

Subject (pronoun) + be + adj

Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test.

Despite his laziness, he passed the test.

Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life.

2- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ thành sở
hữu cách (possessive case), đổi tính từ thành danh từ

Subject (noun) + be + adj

Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless.
The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness.

3- Mệnh đề có chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing.

Subject + V(ordinary)
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ

Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test.

In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test.

4- Mệnh đề có There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be.

There + be + Noun
-> x + Noun

Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON
I- ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON (Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân)
Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính. Bắt đầu bằng :
Because (vì) + clause.
Because+ Clause (S + V …)
Ex: He came ten minutes late. He missed the first train.
He came ten minutes late because he missed the first train.
Main clause Clause of reason

II- ADVERBIAL PHRASE OF REASON: (Cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân)

BECAUSE OF + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase

Ex1: Because of the bad weather, they didn’t take part in the trip.
Noun phrase
Ex2: They stayed at home because of being sick.
Gerund phrase

III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE

( CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ 1 MỆNH ĐỀ THÀNH 1 CỤM TỪ)
- Ex: I catch cold because I went out in the rain yesterday.

I catch cold because of going out in the rain yesterday.

PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences below, using the conjunction given in brackets.
1. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although)
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2. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though)
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. He tried. He was not successful. (though)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. His life is hard. He determined to study well. (although)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. He was wise and experienced. He was not taken in. (though)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 2: Change the clause of concession to phrase.
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. We did the test well though it was difficult.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Though his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive in this city.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. He studies very well though his life was hard at that time.
Exercise 3: Change the clause of reason to phrase.
1. Because she was careful, she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. I started to cough because there was smoke in the room.
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3. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.
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6. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
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8. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
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9. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
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10. I like him because his father is kind to me.

Exercise 4 : Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence

1. ______ we were in town , we often met him .
a. For b. Although C. So d. When
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
2 . She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications .
a. because b. although c. so d. but
3. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry .
a. even though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that
4. In pite _____ , the baseball game was not cancelled .
a. the rain b. of the rain
c. it was raining d. there was a rain
5. ______ he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car .
a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although
6. ______ , he walked to the station .
a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired
c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired
7. The children slept well , despite _____
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy
8. She left him __________ she still loved him .
a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite
9. _______ her lack of hard work , she was promoted .
a. In spite b. Even though c. in spite of d. despite of
10. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like .
a. Although b. Even c. Despite d. In spite of
11. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces ________ we must also think of our environment.
a. despite b. though c. as though d. but
12. ______ some Japanese women are successful in business , the majority of Japanese companies are run
by men .
a. But Even if c. If d. As though

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như: when, while,
after, before, since, until, as soon as, …
- Sự phối hợp giữa động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ
Ex: I will wait here until she comes back.
2. TLĐ + after + HTHT
Ex: He will go home after he has finished his work.
3. While / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ
Ex: While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
Ex: It started to rain while the boys were playing football.
5. QKTD + while + QKTD
Ex: Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.
6. HTHT + since + QKĐ
Ex: I have worked here since I graduated.
7. TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ
Ex: He will have left by the time you arrive.
8. QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ
Ex: He had left by the time I came.
9. After + QKHT, QKĐ
Ex: After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Các mệnh đề đi sau Until, After, Before, When là những mệnh đề phụ. Chúng phải được đi kèm với
mệnh đề chính thì câu mới rõ cấu trúc cú pháp.
- Có thể đảo trật tự của từng mệnh đề trong câu với điều kiện là nếu mệnh đề when, after, before,
until đi trước thì phải có dấu phẩy trước mệnh đề chính.
EX: I'll stop explaining to you about this until you can master
= Until you can master, i'll stop explaining this to you.
(Tôi sẽ thôi... khi bạn nắm được vấn đề)
- Các mệnh đề này, không phải là không được chia với thì tương lai nhưng rất hiếm.
- Các liên từ trên (trừ Until) để đầu hàng để dễ thấy hơn
Until: Cho đến khi
1. Simple past + until + simple past: Khi hành động của mệnh đề chính đi trước kéo dài cho đến hành
động của mệnh đề đi sau
- I waited here until it was dark (Tôi đã ở lại đây đến khi trời tối)
2. Simple past + past perfect: Nhấn mạnh hành động ở mệnh đề Until với nghĩa là đã hoàn thành trước
hành động kia

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
- He read the book until no-one had been there (Anh ta đọc sách tới khi chẳng còn ai ở đó nữa cả)
Có nghĩa là khi mọi người trong thư viện đã về từ lâu rồi thì anh ta vẫn say mê đọc sách.
3. Simple future + Until + Present simple/ Present perfect: Dùng với nghĩa là sẽ làm gì cho đền khi hoàn
thành việc gì đó
- I won't go to bed until i have finished my homework. (Tôi sẽ đi ngủ khi làm xong bài tập)
= I will go to bed until i finish my homework.
- We'll stayed here until the rain stops.
After: Sau khi
1. After + past perfect, + simple past = Past perfect + before + past perfect: Sau khi đã kết thúc việc gì
mới làm việc gì (QK)
- After i had finished the test, i went home (Khi kiểm tra xong tôi mới về nhà)
= I had finished the test before i went home
2. After + simple past, + simple present: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả hiện tại
- After everything happened, we are still good friends (Sau những chuyện xảy ra, chúng tôi vẫn là
những người bạn tốt)
3. After simple past, + simple past: Sự việc trong quá khứ và kết quả trong quá khứ
- After everything happened, we quarelled over dishonesty.
(Sau mọi chuyện [ không tốt ], chúng tôi đã cãi vã nhau về tính không trung thực)
4, After + simple present / present perfect, + simple future: Sau khi làm việc gì sẽ làm tiếp việc khác
(HT / TL)
- After i come to the station, i'll call you (Sau khi đến ga anh sẽ gọi cho em)
Before: Trước khi.
Cách chia thì của nó thì ngược lại với after.
1. Before + simple past, + past perfect: Tương tự như phần 1 của mục II.
2. Before + simple present, + simple future / simple present: Trước khi làm gì thì sẽ làm một cái gì đó
- Before i leave, i'll give you a gift (Trước khi đi, anh sẽ tặng em một món quà)
- Before i leave, i want to make sure that no-one can know about this
(Trước khi đi tôi muốn biết chắc chắn rằng không có ai biết được chuyện này)
When: Khi
1. When + present simple, + simple future / simple present: Khi làm thế nào thì (sẽ)... (ở HT / TL)
When you see it yourself, you'll surely believe it.
(Khi em thấy tận mắt, em sẽ tin nó thôi)
2. When + simple past, + past perfect: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trước hành động ở mệnh đề
when.
When i just got out of the classroom, i knew that i had made some mistakes.
(Khi mới bước ra khỏi phòng, tôi nhận ra là mình đã mắc một số lỗi)

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
3. When + simple past, + simple past: Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra gần nhau, hoặc là một hành động vừa
dứt thì hành động khác xảy ra.
- When the rock concert given by Erick Clapton ended, we went home
(Khi buổi nhạc rock của Ẻick Clapton kết thúc, chúng tôi ra về)
4. When + past continuous (clear point of time - thời gian cụ thể), + simple past: Khi một hành động
đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác xảy đến
When we were playing football at 5.30p.m yesterday, there was a terrible explosion
(Vào lúc 5h30 chiều qua, khi đang chơi bóng thì bọn tôi chợi nghe thấy một tiếng nổ lớn)
5. When + simple past, + past continuous: Tương tự như phần 4, nhưng nghĩ chỉ khác một chút
When we came, he was taking a bath
(Khi bọn tôi đến thì cậu ta đang tắm)
6. When + past perfect, + simple past: Hành động ở mệnh đề when xảy ra trước (kết quả ở QK)
When the opportunity had passed, i only knew that there was nothing could be done
(Khi cơ hội không còn tôi mới biết mình đã chẳng còn làm gì được nữa rồi)
7. When simple past, + simple present: Tương tự như mục 6 nhưng hành động sau ở hiện tại
When the opportunity passed, i know there's nothing can be done.
(Khi cơ hội tuột mất, tôi biết là chẳng còn làm gì được nữa)
Time clause!
1. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL +V2
Ex:When I seeyou tomorrow,I will give it to you
Trong trường hợp này,cho ta thấy thêm một chú ý,mệnh đề "when" KHÔNG chia ở future
2. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL BE + V-ING
Ex:When you readthis letter,I will be visitingFrance.
3. WHEN + S + V1, S + WILL + HAVE + P.P(past participle)
Ex:When you readthis letter,i will have been in France for 5 year.
4. WHEN + S + V2, S + was/were +V-ING
Ex:When I came,they were sleeping.
5. WHEN + S + V2,S + V2
Ex:When I wound the alarm clock,it wentwrong.
6. WHILE + S + WAS/WERE + V-ING,S + WAS/WERE + V-ING
Ex:While I was reading books,my mother was cooking
Đây là trường hợp thì tiếp diễn được chia ở mệnh đề thời gian.
7. BEFORE + S + V2, S + HAD + P.P
Ex:Before I wentto the cinema.I had doneall my homework.
8. AFTER + S + HAD + P.P, S + V2

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
Ex:After I had donemy homework,I wentto the cinema.
9. S + HAD + HARDLY/NO SOONER + P.P WHEN/THAN + S +V2
Ex:She had hardly/no sooner gonehome when/than it rained
Chú ý:hardly...when ; no sooner....than
10. S + HAVE + P.P + SINCE + S + V2
Ex:Her knowledge has increasedsince she startedcollecting stamps.
Embedded sentences
Ex:I don't know where they are now.

BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN

1. I will call you before I ________ over.

A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. came
2. After she graduates, she ________ a job.
A. got B. will get C. had got D. get
3. When I _________ him tomorrow, I will ask him.
A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. see
4. As soon as it _________ raining, we will leave.
A. stops B. stop C. had stopped D. stopped
5. By the time he comes, we will have already __________.
A. leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
6. Whenever I ________ her, I say hello.
A. see B. will see C. will have seen D. saw
7. The next time I go to New York, I am going ________ a ballet.
A. seeing B. see C. saw D. to see
8. I will never speak to him again so long as I _______.
A. lives B. will live C. am living D. live
9. By the time Bill ____ to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready for sleep.
A. had gone B. will go C. goes D. went
10. As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we ________ out for dinner.
A. went B. will go C. will have gone D. go
11. By the time I return to my country, I _________ away from home for more than three years.
A. would be B. will have been C. will be D. am
12. After he _______ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work.
A. will have had B. has C. will be having D. have
13. As soon as he finishes dinner, he _______ the children for a work to a nearby playground.
A. will take B. takes C. will be taking D. took
14. When Bill gets home, his children ___________ in the yard.
A. played B. will play C. will be playing D. play
15. He will work at his desk until he ______ to another meeting in the middle of the afternoon.
A. went B. go C. will go D. goes
16. She ________ lunch by the time we arrived.
A. finished B. has finished C. had finished D. finishing
17. Bob will come soon. When Bob _______, we will see him.
A. come B. will come C. will be coming D. comes
18. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I ________ dinner.

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL

 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
A. will have B. will be having C. had D. have
19. As soon as the taxi _________, we will be able to leave for the airport.
A. arrives B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrived
20. I will go to bed after I _________my work.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. finishes
21. I ________ here when you arrive tomorrow.
A. am B. had been C. could be D. will be
22. I am going to wait right here until Jessica ________.
A. comes B. will have come C. is coming D. came
23. As soon as the war ________over, there will be great joy throughout the land.
A. are B. will be C. is D. would be
24. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide comes in, the ship ______ the harbor.
A. left B. will leave C. will have left D. leave
25. I am going to start making dinner before my wife ______ home from work today.
A. get B. gets C. will get D. got

Identify the underlined part that needs correction:

26. When it raining, I usually go to school by bus.
A B C D
27. I learned a lot of Japanese while I am in Tokyo.
A B C D
28. I have not been well since I return home.
A B C D
29. I’ll stay here until will you get back.
A B C D
30. When Sam was in New York, he stays with his cousins.
A B C D
31. Last night, I had gone to bed after I had finished my homework.
A B C D
32. I will call you before I will come over.
A B C D
33. Ever since I was a child, I had been afraid of dogs.
A B C D
34. By the time I left my apartment this morning, someone looked for me.
A B C D
35. Whenever Mark will be angry, his nose gets red.
A B C D
36. I had fried chicken when I am at the restaurant.
A B C D
37. The first time that I went to New York, I go to an opera.
A B C D
38. Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
A B C D
39. When she will see him tomorrow, she will ask him.
A B C D
40. As I was walking home, it begin to rain.
A B C D
41. We stayed there after we finished our work.
A B C D
42. Once it will stop raining, we will leave.
A B C D
43. I will never speak to him again as long as I will live.
TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL
 ÔN TẬP CÁC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
A B C D
44. As soon as the other passengers gets on the bus, we’ll leave.
A B C D
45. As soon as I will finish my report, I’ll call you and we’ll go out to dinner.
A B C D
46. Mark was listening to music after his sister was reading a book.
A B C D
47. Sam hadn’t received the parcel when I speak to him.
A B C D
48. I have been hoping to meet you before I read your first novel.
A B C D
49. By the time you finishes getting ready, we will have missed the train.
A B C D
50. When you will arrive, there will be someone to meet.
A B C D

TEACHER: NGUYEN THI QUYNH HUONG- THONG NHAT SECONDARY SCHOOL