NATIONAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

INNOVATION ROADMAP {NSTIR) 2030

"Cat alysis of Nigeria's Economic Growth and Competitiveness"
 NATIO~NAL SCIENCE, TECHNI OLO~GY AND
INNOVATIO·N ROADMAP (NSTIR) 20~30
-....

MCa.talysis of Nigeria's Economic Growth and CompetitiVeness"

An Integrated Roadmap
(2017 -2030)

developed

by

The Fed r I Minis ry o ience and TeC.hn ~

(FM T)
d ral Republic of Nig tia
Abuja, FCT, Nigeria

JUNE, 2r l 7
 FOREWORD

h.•en l assumed office as t he Minister of Science and Technology

W in November, 2015, I was very disturbed with the lack of

interest among ou r pu pi ls and students in the primary and

-
t i' ~
secandajry schools respectively for mat hematics and science subjects.
Also worrying, is the reluctan ce wh ich same parents show when their
children want to pursue careers in science and engineeri ng. Arising from
all. these, our nation has depended so much on fo reigners to execute
I! projects in the area of science and technology, such. that when we want
to build Important roads, bridges, airports, seaports, refine ries and
II dams, we look for foreign expertise. Also, even for our
telecommunications and the production of crude oil, the mainstay of our
economy, we depend essentially on foreigners.
Today, there is no Nigerian Engineering firm that is competing for
jobs in other countries of the world. Most worrisome is the unfortunate
mindset of many Nigerians that things pertaining to science and
technology should be left for other people who do not have our colour of
skin. This explains why whatever equipment we need as a nation, what
comes to our mind is to import fro m outside. I was determined that all
these must change so that science and technology shoul.d play its
rightful role in nation building.
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) constitute the
engine of socio~economic advancement for many countries.
Investments in STI bring benefits to all sectors of a country's economy
such as industrial development; infrastructu re development;, advanced
and more convenient communication systems; energy system
improvement; human health and environmental protection; and jobs for
social system stability. All the highly~d eveloped countries have invested
Intensively in STI and related resea rch and development {R and D). They

I~ I ,.~ ..
'
have created and implemented systems for harvesting a.nd processing
natural resources to produce goods; and developing facilities to serve
......
their communities. They have devised ways of using the deliverables
_,
I! I from STI to improve their governance systems and decision-making
·-; schemes. In this regard the President of t he Federal Republic of Nigeria,
His Excellency~ Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR, has expressed his
commitment to supporting fast·tracking of Nigeria's industrial and
ecdf.Jomic development through advances in STI.
, As a prominent country in a highly competitive world in
which a.dvances and application of STI determine national wealth and
affect the-livelihood of citizens, Nigeria cannot afford to be left behind.
The national goal of moving to a status of one of the top economies in
the world ~.· only achievabl.e through the use of STl to modernize
facilities, prottu9tion systems and services. In the latest ~·world in 2050
Report" released In February, 2015 by Pricewaterhou.seCoopers {PWC)
in which economic growth projections for thirty-two of th e world 's largest
economies (constituting about 84% of t he global GOP) are presented,
the world economy is expected to grow at an average an nual rate of
Page Ii
about 3% duri ng 2014-2050. It is expected to dou ble in size by 2037
and possibly t riple by 2050. Th e Nige rian and Vietnamese economies
are expected to become the fastest growing economies in the world
over t he 2050 ti meframe. Nigeria is expected to rise from its 2014 rank
of 20th to 16th by 2030 and 9th by 2050.
In order to attain t he projected levels of econom ic performance
and Nigeria's current economic development targets in many sectors as
outl ined in t he full text of this document , invest ments in STI have to
sha rpl y increase within the next few yea rs. Traditionally, Nigeria has
invested very poorly in STI and R&D. Most of the countries that compete
with Nigeria in the global market invest more t han 2% of the ir GOP in
research and development to create new products from their raw
materials (and in some cases, imported) and market them globally to
rece ive the advantages of domestic job creation , improvement of social
services an d elevation of national prestige.
Nigeria is now poised to do the same with this National
Science an d Tech nology Integrated Roadmap 2030 which has been
developed after detailed review of the unmet targets of Nigeria's
previous national economic development plans since independence in
1960 and t he technological inadequacies that plagued them ;
assessments of STI needs of current roadmaps and in itiatives of all
MDAs of Nigeria; studies of cooperate sector and state programmes;
assessment of private sector growth requirements that ca n be improved
by kn owledge systems and diffusion of STI into society. By its mandate,
the Federal Min istry of Science and Technology (FMST) views itself as
both an implementer and coordinator of efforts by all stakeholder
organizations on Improvement of R and D to support Nigeria's
sustainable development plans.
At t he Interactive Fora with State Comm issioners of
Science and Technology that I organized as part of my Ministry's
stakeholder engagement processes in Abuja and Osu n State on
December 14th - 15th, 2015, and 2nd - 4th November, 2016
respectively, the Fora identified some constraints to the implementation
of Nigeria 's Science and Technology Polley of 2012 which would have
catalyzed Nigeria's technological/ industrial revolution. The key
constra ints are as follows: the uptake of R&D results, by industries and
SMEs in Nigeria is still very low (about 25% in the food sector); weak
linkages an d col laboration among key stakeholders in the STI system
(knowledge database centres, government and industry, etc.) are
barriers to Nigeria's national Innovation system; weakness in R&D
results, the reby, leading to duplication of efforts; lack of confidence of
industries in the ability of Universities to meet their needs; Inadequate
fund ing of resea rc h and development; lack of adequate infrast ructure
as wel l as weak institutional capacity. This NSTIR 2030 is the strategic
response to the needs identified at the fora . It is designed to catalyze
effective implementation of programmes and projects that Ntgeria 's
Min istries, Depa rtments and Agencies (MDAs) have included in their
road maps and plans, most of which are included in various tables in the
full Roa dmap document. Although, those Road map extends to the
2030-time horizon which desirably coincides with the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) programme of the United Nations to which

Page Iii
 Nigeria su bscribes, it also covers the realities of Nigeria 's current short-
te rm economic development as contained in the .. Ni;ge ria Economic
Recove ry & Growth Plan 2017 - 2020".
NSTIR 2030 covers three im pl ementation periods: the short te rm
(2017 - 2020), the med ium te rm (2021 - 2025), an d the long term
(2026 ~ 2030). Several critical short t erm program mes and projects
have already been initiated , among which are consultatio ns with
partners on commercialization of locally invented machines, and

- formulated chemicals and food products, establishment of scien ce

museums, artisan tra ining, and estab lishment of a science and
technology bank to support a National Research an d In novation Fund .
Th e current Administ ration's National Econom ic Recovery Plan
(NERP) 2017 - 2020 that has been approved covers progra mmes and
projects that will rapidly boost the economy th rough job creation,
increased productivity in traditional sectors, and diversifi cation of
economy through high-impact projects and incentives in new sectors.
Some of the projects and programmes include promotion of the
beneficiation of solid minerals, support of innovation t o improve
productivity and competitiveness , rapi d development of infrastructure
(roads, rail , ports and power) boost ing of oil exploration and
downstream activities, export of processed agricultural products and
manufactured goods, and development of self-sufficiency in food and
agro-products. The set of projects and program mes listed above is
complemented by others configured by MDAs in such areas as en ergy
systems, health, infrastructure, aviation , education , ICT, environment ,
water resources and youth employment. NSTIR 2030 programmes and
pro~ects are designed to support t he effective and effi cient
im plementation of these plans through policy support, infrastruct ure
framing, research and development, train ing / talent engagement ,
technology and commercialization su pport, enhancement of general
science literacy/public enlightenment, as well as monitoring an d
evaluation. Most of these utilities were lacking or inadequate in
Nigeria''s previous development plans. They are indispensable to cost-
effective and efficient implementation of plans.
Although , Nigeria has not reached it s potential on the deployment
of STI deliverables into projects and programm es, there have been
some remarkable improvements withi n the past few years especially, on
the development of new products an d materials. Various FMST
institutes have collaborated with ot her organizations to develop
machines and components such as cassava pealing machi ne, flash
dryer for cassava flour production , motorized plantain slicer, mineral
processing technologies, laterite grindi ng machine, solar cooke r,
NASENI ecofriendly smokeless stove, wind turbines, fiber concrete roof
tile-making machines, electrohydro brick-making mach ine, deep water
well drilling rig, PRODA porcelain insulator and NABDA biof uel plant,
among others.
Several new and essential products that can support import
substitution policies when they are commercialized have also been
developed by FMST institutes and centers, and their collabo rators.
Among them are laboratory chemicals, fertilizers, animal feed s, bio-
pesticides, sorghum malt, cassava noodles, palm wine, gums, glues and

Page I iii
adhesives, kenaf fiber, Neem antiseptic soap, herbal arthritis ointment,
herbal cough syrup, FI IRO bar soap and NARICT biofuel. All the products
listed above are ready for commercialization . In co nsistency with
Nigeria 's national STI pollc which serves as the guide for
implementation of NSTIR 2030 activities, FMST is working with
stakeholders to move Nigeria 's indigenously developed technologies
and prod ucts to the market place.
NSTIR 2030 targets mobilization of Nigeria's Intellectual
resources for growth and diversification of the economy, provision of
incentives for all stakeholders, including the private sector, academia ,
Nigeria Diaspora and non-profit/community groups to embrace and
engage in STI , improvement of science infrastructure, intensification of
research and development, intensification and development of talent
and skills, deployment and commercialization of technologies and
improvement of science literacy and public stakeholder engagement
processes in Nigeria. With implementation of the planned NSTIR 2030
program mes and increased investment in STI, Nigeria is poised to enter
the top 20% of tech nologically advanced countries in the world, with
great benefits to ind ustrialization efforts, socio-economic stability and
elevation in the quality of life.
These efforts will help move our economy from a resource based
to a knowledge based innovation driven economy. The future of our
dear cou ntry, Nigeri a, rests on science and technology. We must
efficiently deploy science and technology to effectively utilize our
abundant human and material resources for job and wealth creation in
order to achieve rapid national development.

~\_ -~
Dr. Ogbonn _ya Onu.
Honourable Minister of Science and Technology,
Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Page I iv
 THE NATIONAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATI ON ROADMAP (NSTIR 2030)
• Executive Summa ry
Nigeria is a country that is rife with talent and abundance of natural resources but is yet to achieve
its potential in the development and application of science , technology and innovation (STI ) effectively in
national sustainabl e development initiatives. The deepest constra int has been non-implementation of
effective schemes for propagation of talent and harvesting of the immense intellectual capita l of
Nigerians which if applied to Nigeria's economic development cha ll enges, would yield innovative systems
and products for sustainable economic growth and competiti ve advantage over othe r countries. Oil
dominates Nigeria 's trade, contributing about 90% of total export earnings as crude oil , an unprocessed
- I.material that does not contribute significantly to other industria l activities. The Nigerian industrial sector
contributes only about 3 % of Nigeria's export revenue but gulps overs 50% of Nigeria's imports, thereby'
ravaging the country's bala.nce of payments. It is well-recognized t hat there are some constraints to the
attainment of Nigeria's comprehensive development plans as well as sector plans, among which are
inadequate power supply, limited financing, skilled mismatches and historical social system instabilities.
Nigeria needs to diversify its economy by capitalizing on its huge tal ent bank and abundance of
natural resources. This implies stimulation of productive activities and ad option of export mentality in
other economi c sectors such as agriculture, low-medium tech nology manufactured products,
pharmaceutics based on local biological resources, processed minerals, and ICT services. Focusing on
Nigeria's 2014 Industrial Revolution Plan and many multi-year integrated and sectoral development
plans, that targeted intensification of local manufacturing, the primary constraints have been inadequate
infrastructure; shortage of skilled manpower; poor linkage to industrial subsectors; over dependence on
export of raw materials; the subsistence nature of manufactu ring activities without attain ment of
economy of sca le. Inadequate investment in STI to generate new ideas, processes, systems and products
that can compete favourably both domestically and in the global market has been a challenge that cuts
across all the constraints stated above.
This National Science, Technology and Innovation Roa dmap (NSTIR 2030) has been developed
after detailed review of Nigeria's challenges and opportunities since independence in 1960 and with fair
assessment of f uture scenarios, to serve as Nigeria's strategic plan for creation and deployment of STI
utilities to national development initiatives, programmes and projects. The overall aim is to use STI as
the catalyst for Nigeria'·s long term sustainable development in consistence with the National Policy on
Science, Technology and In novation that was developed in 2011.
The primary objectives of NSTIR 2030 are: to provide a long-term science and technology
framework and su pport mechanisms for industrial revolution in Nigeria; to facilitate the creation and
acquisition of knowledge for production, adaptation, replication , and utilization of technologies to support
Nigeria's technological and sustainable development aspirat ions; to support the establishment and
strengthening of organizations, institutions, structures and processes for rationalization of decision-
making; coordination and management of STI activities with in an institutionalized national innovation
system; and to encourage and promote the creation of innovative enterprises that can beneficially utilize
Nigeria's indigenous knowledge and technologies to produce marketable goods and services that
compete with others in the global market. Additional objectives of NSTIR 2030 are to coordi nate and
support the development of science and technology infrastructure to enable significant research for
production of methodologies, models and data to support Nigeria's socio-economic development plans;
to devise and implement systems for identification and pruning of STI talent at all ages and educational
levels in Nigeria through support and incentives to build a strong long-term workforce; to coord inate the
planning and catalyze the implementation of strategic projects such as t hose of space exploration,
advanced computing, telemedicine, robotics advanced navigation systems and, nanomaterials that can
accelerate the emergence of Nigeria as a technologically developed country.
NSTIR 2030 congeals the STI elements of past and current national and sectoral road maps and
plans. Among them are those of Vision 20:2020, the National Economic Empowerment and Development
Strategy (NEEDS 2004-2007); 2017 National Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (NERGP); Roadmap
for Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry (2016); the Nigerian Industrial Revolution
Plan (2014); the Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016-2020); the National Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Policy (NREEP, 2015); the National Health Policy (2016); the National Comm unication
Technology Policy (2012); the Draft National Transport Policy (2010); the Nigerian Wate r Sector
Road map (2011); and the Road map for the Nigerian Education Sector (2009).

Page I v
 Althou gh NSTIR 2030 is a long-te rm pla n, short-medium term events can generate necessa ry
adj ustments in th e overal l plan while t he maj or targets remain relative ly stab le. Essent ially, short-
medi um term opportunities to con geal systems towa rd attai nment of NSTIR 2030 wi ll not be ignored . On
the other hand , th e strategic nat ure of NSTIR 2030 will aid and factor into the configurat ion of tactical
syste ms to add ress short-med ium term needs. One of such short-term plans is t he National Econo mic
Recovery and Growth Plan (NERG P, 2017 -2020) that f ocuses on t he f ollowing objectives:
macroeconomic pol icy improvement , economic diversification , competitiveness improvement, social
inclusion, and Jobs creation . STI is an enabler of the pla nning and impl ementation of the NERGP 2017 -
2020. Apart from the analytical compon ents such as models, simulations, designs and monitoring
systems that can suppo rt t he first th ree objectives, science and tech-supported entrepreneurship can
generate ventures which when given the right policy framewo rk and financing, can create jobs and
promote incl usion. The year 2015 was th e sunset of the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
programme. Nigeria was active in t he programme and used it to f rame some of its socio-economic
development progra mmes and proj ects as described in the 2005 report. Its successor programme-the
Sustaina ble Development Goals was initiated in 2015 to cover the period up to 2030 which is incidentally
the timef ram e for NSTIR 2030 as well. There is then the opportunity for SDG 2030 programmes to
overlap beneficially with th is plan.
With respect to implementation , NSTIR 2030 is divided into 7 categories of objectives, each of
wh ich comprises several init iatives and projects. The 7 categories which align with the Roadmap''s
objectives are Science Policy Support Programmes and Activities; Science and Technology Improvement;
Research and Developme nt Intensificati on; Training and Talent Deployment; Technology Deployment
and Commercial izat ion; and Science Literacy Improvement and Public /Stakeholders Engagement.
NSTI R 2030 will be implemented in three time segments, namely: Short Term (2017-2020); Medium
Term (2021-2025), and Long Term (2026-2030). NSTIR 2030 covers many high-utility projects that will
be implemented by the various institutes/centers of FMST in collaboration with industrial partners,
universities, other government ent ities and NGOs. Examples are commercialization of locally invented
equ ipment and products, establishment of the National Science and Technology Agency/Fund ,
implementation of artisan t ra ining programmes, manufacturing of another set of satellites with expanded
involvement of Nigerian scientists and engineers, establishment of advanced analytical laboratories and
fabri cat ion of several equipment and t heir components. Research and development support will be given
by FMST units to steel development, automobile production, implementation of renewable energy
techn ologies, telemedicine, local drug manufacture, processing of agricultural products, development
and appli cation of new materi als in inf rastructure and individuals processes, and development and
eco nomy-wi de appl ications of ICT techni ques, as well as several other STI advancements.
As described In Nigeria's Industrial Revolut ion Plan publlshed in January, 2014, systems are
planned to make industry t he domi na nt job creator and income gene.rator up to 2020. The specific
targets are to make Nigeria the preferred manufacturing hub in West Africa; and become the supply
source of low-medium-tech nology consumer and industrial goods domestically, and regionally. The plan
which is outli ned , covers the creation of 8 general-purpose specialized industrial cities in strategic
locations along transport corridors, creation of 6 Technology Innovation Clusters an d improvement of
services at Nigeria's 2 7 Free Trade Zones. These facilities will present more opportu nities for science-
and technology-catalyzed industrial ization and create jobs for Nigerians with improvement of the
socioeconomic services to Nigeria's growing population which is expected t o rea.ch about 289 million by
2030. NSTIR 2030 wh ich has many entrepreneurship elements, will catalyze the production of goods
t hat meet standards specified by international markets in trade agreements.
Budget estimates fo r th e short term programme total N180 billion over the three budget years
(4-year duration ) with the distribut ion of Programme Configuration and Planning (1.5%), Stakeholder
Engagement Processes (2. 7%), Management and Personnel Support (11.6%), Facil it ies and Equipment
(25.6%), Deployment and Diffusion of Deliverables (3.4%) and Project Operations (55.2%). NSTIR 2030
will be implemented in coll aborati on with a wide variety of stakeholders, including academic institutions,
public and pri vat e researc h and development centers, the private sector, State and local government
agencies, non-profit and commu nity groups, development partners and professional associations using
revised and more efficient struct ures and governance systems that have been ratified by the Federal
Government of Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology.

Page I vi
 • TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword .......... ~ .. ................................................... ...... ................ ...................... ................................. i
Executive Summory ........ ........................................ .... .... ...... ...... .. .. ..... •........ .... .. ... ....... .. ... ... .. ..... •......... v
Table Of Contents ................................................................. ...................................... ..................... vii
Acronyms and AJ)breviations .. ........ .................. .... ..... ..... ... ............................ ..... ........ ..................... . xii

1.0. INTRODUCTION ................................ __. .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. NIGERIA•s SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HERITAGE ........ ..... .... .......... .................................................. l
1.2. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY' IN DECADES OF NIGERIA'S D EVELOPMENT PLANNING .. .......... .... ................... 4
1.3. PERENNIAL CHALLENGES AND CIRCUMSTANCES ............... ...... .. .. ... .............. ...................................... 9
1.4. RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANS AND PROGRAMMES.......... ............... ............................................. 12
1.5. OPPORTUNITIES AND BENEFITS OF SCIENCE AND TECH IMPROVEMENT AND DEPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA ......... 18

2,0 FEATURES O·F NSTIR 2030 ''"'''"''''''''''''"'''''"''''''''""-''''""···"''"'......... ~ ........"..,.....,.........,. ,,,, .. ,....,. ......... ,,,,. ....,. ,,. "',,,,,,.,,,,,,. ,,,,,,,,. ,,, 2.3
2.1. THE OBJE:CTIVES OF NSTIR 2030 ................................................................................................ 23
2.2. KEY FE:ATUR_ES AND APPROACH ..................................................................................................... 23
2.2.1. Screening and Incorporation of Previous Pla ns ................................................ ........... 23
2.2.2. Time.- framing of Plans and Projects .......... ............................ .... ... .. ............................... 24
2.2.3. Categorization of Projects and Progra mmes ...................... .............. ........................... 24
2.2.4. Establishment of Linkages to Sectora l Road maps ........ .............................................. 25
2.2.5. Provision of Opportunities for Collaborat ion ............................. ................... ........ ........ 25
2.2.6. Special Targeting of Innovation and it s Diffusion ................................ ................ ........ 25
2.2. 7. Linkages to African and Global Initiatives and Pla ns .................................................. 25
2.2.8. Tracking of Competition by Other Cou ntries ........... ... .............................................. .... 40

3.0 PROGRAMMES, PROJ ECTS AND SCHEDUlES OF NSTIR 2030 .................................. ,...................................... 49
3.1. SCIENCE POl iCY SUPPOm' PROOMMMES AND ACTtvtTIES .................................................................. 49
3.2. SCIENCE ANID TECHNQLOOY lN~TR,UQTURE IMPROVEMENT ............................................................. 50
3 .3. RESEARCH AND D EVELOPNU~Nl' lNTENStF'tCA!ION .............................................................................. SO
3.3.1. Biotechnology including Pharmacology ........ ................................................................ 51
3.3.2. Health and Nutrition ........................................................................................... ........... 5 2
3.3.3. Environment, Meteorology and Water Resources ................................... ............. ....... 5 2
3.3.4. Facilities and Networked Systems ...................................................................... .......... 57
3.3.5. Renewable Energy Systems and Photonics ................................................................. 64
3.3.6. Material Science, Including Nanotechnology ............................................................... 67
3.3.7. Mathematics, Computational and Com m un ication Systems .. ...................... ............. 71
3 .3.8. Space and Geospatial Systems ................................... .. ..................... ..... ...... ............... 71
3.3.9. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics ....................... ............................... .... ............. ........ 75
3.3.10. Science Communication and Technology Diffusion .. .................. .. ............................ 75
3.4. TRAINING AND TALENT DEPLOYMENT ..................... ..... .................................................................... 89
3 .5. TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT AND CoMMER.CtALtZATION IN K EY Socio-ECONOMIC SECTORS ...................... 92
3.6. SCIENCE LITERACY IMPROVEMENT AND PuBLIC ENGAGEMENT ........................................................... 114
3. 7. SYsTEM MONITORING 1 EVALUATION ANO IMPROVEMENT ............................................ ...................... 114

4,Q NSTIR 2Q3Q SYSTEM SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS "- H~n•nn••nn•••HHH"-' "'"'n'"'"."'''.'"'''v'''''\'"'" ''''''''''"'"''''''''''''''' 11$
4.1. BETTER CooRDINATION OF &,ii,ENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES ACROSS AGENCIES 115
4c.2. CREATION OF INCENliVES FO~ EXCElLENCE........................ ........................................................... 117
4c.3 oTALENT DISCOVERY AMONG: TI-I.E IDlSABLE0 .................................. .................................................. 118
Page 1 vfi
 4.4. ENGAGEMENT OF LEARN ED SOCIETIES AND PROFESSIONAL AsSOCIATIONS •.....••..•..••..•.•..•.....•..• •••.•..••• 118
4.5. IMPROVEMENT OF STEM EDUCATION •.••••• •••••••••••••••••••.•.•.......•.•....... •..•.. •• ........••....•..•.••.•••••.•.•••• •• 119
4 .6. PROVISION OF S PECIAL INCENTIVES FOR WOM EN .•...... ..... .. ....•......••.•••...•..••..•••••••• .............• •• •....•..•. 119
4 . 7. OPERATION OF A NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION AND PROPOSAL SOLICITATION PROGRAMMES •••••. •. •. 120
4.8. STRONGER ROLES BY ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ••••••••.•.•••••••••• •••••• •••••• •••••••••••• •• •• ••.••••••••••••••••_,••.• ••••• 120
4.9. PROMOTION OF CORPORATE SECTOR RESEARCH AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ••••••••••••••••••••••.• 121
4.10. INCORPORATION OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE INTO ALL MAJOR PROJECTS .••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• ••••_•••••• ••• 121
4.11. MARKET ExPANSION FOR MADE-IN-NIGERIAPRODUCTS •.••••• ••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••• 122

5.0 FUNDING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN GENERAL, AND NSTIR 2030 IN PARTICULAR ................. 122
5.1. REQUIRED FUNDING LEVELS .......... ....... .. ............. .. ...................................................................... 122
5.2 . FUNDING SOURCES ••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••• ••••••••• • 1 23
5.3. ESTABLISHMENT OF A SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8ANK .................................................................. 123
5.4. TAX INCENTIVES FORTH ~ PRIVAT~ S~CTOR .................................................................................. .. 123
5.5. EsTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL SCI ENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ENDOWMENT FUND ............................. .... 137

6.0 PLANS FOR MONITORING, EVALUATI ON AND IMPROVEMENT OF PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS. 137
6.1. LEVELS OF MONITORING AND E:VALUATION ..................................................................................... 1 37
6.2. APPROPRIATE EvALUATION INDICES ..................................... ......................................................... 137
6.3 .1NTEGRATION OF RESULTS INTO NATIONAL OE'JELOPMENT PROGRAMME$ ............................... ............. 1 37
6.4. PERIOD REVIEWS AND MODIFICATI.ON OF PLANS ....................................................... ...................... 139
6.5. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROOE.SSES ..................................................................................... 139
6.6. EXlrER.NAl- CoMMUNICATtONS ............................... ....................................................................... 139

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................................... 140

8.0 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. .................................................... 150

• APPENDIX 1: UTILITY OF TH E NSTIR 2030 PROGRAMMES TO KEY ELEMENTS OF RECENT NIGERIAN
NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECTOR PLANS ............................................................................ 150

• APPENDIX 2: NIGERIA'S POST-1999 ACTS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT .
SYSTEMS THAT WOULD SUPPORT THEIR IMPLEMENTATION ...................................... 163

• APPENDIX 3: NON-FMST UNITS AND AGENCIES OF NIGERIA AND THEIR APPROPRIATE ROLES IN THE
IMPLEMENTATI ON OF THE NSTIR 2030 ........................................................................... 170

• APPENDIX 4: RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL BODIES AND ASSOCIATIONS IN NIGERIA AND THEIR

APPROPRIATE ROLES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NSTIR 2030 ...................... 173

• APPENDIX 5: LIST OF ACCREDITED UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA WITH CONTACT & WEBSITES ............. 175

• APPENDIX 6 : FUNDING AGENCIES FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN AFRICA ............ 179

Page I viii
 A BRIEF ON THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY (FMST): STRUCTU RE AND
OPERATIONS

The Federa l Ministry of Science and Tec hnology was established on 1st January, 1980 by Act
No. 1 of 1980, as the successor organ of Government to the Nat ional Science and Technology
Development Agency (NSTDA) which was established in 1976. By January 1984, t he Ministry was merged
with the Federal Ministry of Education and renamed , Federal Ministry of Ed ucation, Sci ence and
Technology. Al most immediately, (in 1985), the Ministry was re-established .

-
I In its cheque red history, the Ministry was again sc rapped in 1992 and its resea rch institut es were
shared among other Ministries and Agencies including t he Federal Min istry of Industry, wh ich was then
called the Federal Ministry of Industry Science and Tec hnology, Agri culture , Hea lth and t he National
Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI ).
Following the need to centrally coordinate R&D activities, the Science & Technology Unit was
created in the Presidency in the same year. This Unit later became th e nucleus of the Ministry whe n it
was re-established on 26th August 1993. Accordingly, some of its research institut es t hat we re previously
transferred to other Ministries, were returned to operate und er the purview of the new Federal Ministry
of Science and Technology.
The Ministry is currently supervising 17 Research and Development Institutions an d interfacing
with other cognate Ministries, Departments and Agencies to diversify t he economy.

• MANDATE: The Federal . Ministry of Science and Technology was established to centrally coord inate
Research and Development (R&D) activities in Nigeria. It has t he foll owing broad mandates.

• Formulation, monitoring and review of the Na tional Policy on Science, Technology and
Innovation to attain the macro-economic and social objectives of Vision 20:2020 as it relates
to science and technology;

• Acquisition and application of science, technology and in novation to increase agricultural

and livestock production;

• Increasing energy reliance through sustainable research and development (R&D) in nuclea r,
renewable and alternative energy sources for peaceful and development purposes;

• Promotion of wealth creation through support to key industrial and manufacturing sectors;

• Creation of technology infrastructure and knowledge base to facilitate its wide application for
development;

• Application of natural medicine resources and technologies for health sector development;

• Acquisition and application of space science and technology as a key driver for economic
development; and

• Promotion of indigenous research capacity to facilitate technology adaptation, acquisition

and transfer.

• VISION: To make Nigeria one of the acknowledged leaders of the scientifically and technologicall y
developed nations of the world.

• MISSION: To facilitate the development and deployment of science and technology apparatus to hasten
the pace of socio-economic development of the country.

Page I ix
• STRUCTU RE OF FMST: The Ministry is organ ized into seven (7 ) technical and eight (8) service
departments. The technical departm ents are as foll ows:

• Science and Technology Promotion;

• Chemical Technology;

• Bio-resources Technology;

• Health and Bio-Medical Sciences;

• Enviro nm ental Science Technology;

• Tech nology Acquisition and Adaptation;

• Renewable and Conventional En ergy Technology

• LIST OF PARASTATALS AND COOR DINATING DEPARTMENTS OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY: The organizat ional structure provides for effective and efficient
supervision and monitoring of act iviti es of the Ministry's Parastatals. There are 17 Parastatals
under FMST.

1. Na tiona l Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria.

2. National Institute for Leather Science & Technology (NILEST), Zaria.

3. Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISL T), lbadan.

4. Federal Institute of industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos.

5. National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja.

6. Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja.

7. Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN), Abuja.

8 . National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP), Abuja.

9. Na tional Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Abuja.

10. Ra w Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC), Abuja.

11. National Board for Technology Incubation (NBT/), Abuja.

12. Na tional Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja.

1 3. Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu.

14. Nigerian Institute fo r Trypanosom iasis Research (NITR), Kaduna.

15. Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI), Abuja.

16. Nigerian Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA), Lagos.

17. National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), 1/e-lfe.

 ORGANOGRAM OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FMST)

ihlorlwralile
!Minister

!Petmanent
Sec.relaly

IL1!,91ii l!Joij !1ntema!Atldij

P~s$1i'o~

IIi~•:& lnfoon.ali!m &

CooYeO!ional l Sl!xe$0111'~
Scieot:e& Ch~
HeM~,
~' f~y fiifiMt:e & l'iii.II'Tlar!
Con:\m!J.Qie;:t!iOO Prowrmnent General Relorm
TeChnology !Bio.medicat R~ard:l& A!lql!isdioo& Reswrees Special Duties
1E.nergy Technology Pro.motioo T-echnology A,ecpunls f echndlogy Department Sewices Coordinati011
l ,eOhnoklgy Science.s P-ctlioy Analy_slsl Asse.s.sment iMarnagemenl
, (ICH

Technology
Rublication Pmcess
Technology
Hea~h
Sciences
1\esearOh .&
$1alislics
Acquisition
Reyerse
Accounts APD
Management J
·lnfo.rmation
Systems
H'~aintenance ~
i ransportation
H T & Protoccl J Ho!;J~;
i6ngi(lJlering
---
---
Renewable '
Energy
Environmental' ,
Sustainabir · t,l Biotechnology Documentati·
Chemical
Technology A anniflQ
l nnoyation,
1\esearOh :& Budget T& SW
Netw0f1< &
Technical
I y General
Servi!:es
Iy Stor~
Verifi\:atllln
1'-I SHviCGm
Sciences 1 !DeYel9pmeot Sewi!:es

Technology
tvluse.um R<ilioy P..nalysi, ljleeds 'hUndiflQ
Assessment

Page 'I xi
 Acronyms and Abbreviations
NATION AL SC IENCE AND TECHN OLOGY IMPROVEMENT ROADMAP (NSTIR ) 2030
--- -
ACRONYM
S/N DEFINITION
• ABB REVIATION
1. ACRI Arabl e Crops Resea rch Institute

2. AMR G Advanced Materials Research Group (University of Nigeria , Nsu kka )

3. ARC ED EM Africa n Regional Centre for Engineering Design and Manufacturing

4. CAT Centre for Ada ptation of Technology

5. CBSTE Centre for Basic Space and Technology Education

6. CCCES Cente r for Clim ate Change and Environmental Studies

Centre for Disaster Ris k Management and Development Studies (University of Port
7. CDRMDS
Harcourt, Port Ha rcourt)
- . -----
8. CERDI Cent re for Energy Research and Development (lfe-lfe)

9. CERDZ Centre for Energy Research and Development (Zaria)

-----
10. CERT Centre for Energy Research and Training (Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria)

11. CGG Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics

Centre for Malaria Research and Phytomedicine (University of Port Harcourt, Port
12. CMRAP
Harcourt)
13. CPG Centrefor Petroleu m Geosciences (University of Port Ha rcourt, Port Harcourt)
--
14. CRIN Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria

15. css Cent re for Space Science

16. CSTD Centre for Satellite Technology Development -

17. CSTP Centre for Space Transport and Propulsion

18. cwws Centre for Wetlands and Waste Management Studies (University of Uyo, Uyo)

19. ECN Energy Commission of Nigeria

20. EMDI Engi neering Materials Development Institute

21. FIIRO Federal Institute of Industrial Research

22. FMST Federal Min istry of Science and Technology

23. FRIN Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria

- -- --
24. GERC Gee-environm ental Research Centre Laboratory

25. HEDEC Hydra ulic Equipment Development Centre

26. HIIECC Hila ry lnyang Institute of Energy and Climate Change

27. lAM RAT Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (University of IIorin, IIorin)
- -
28. IAMRT Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Train ing (University of lbadan , lbadan )

29. lAMS Institute of Arc haeology and Museum Studies

··--
30. IAR Institute for Agricultural Research (Ahmac:lu Bello Univers ity, Zaria)

31. IART Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (Obafemi Awolowo University, lfe-lfe)
--
32. ICE ED Centre for Energy, Environment and Development

33. ICEESR International Centre for Energy and Environmental Susta inability Research

34. IERD Institute for Environment Research and Development

- --
 35. IHVN Institute for Human Viro logy (Nigeria)

36. ' IITA International Inst itute of Tropical Agricult ure

37. ! ILR I Internationa l Livestock Research Institute

;

: 38. IOC r Institute of Oceanography (University of Calabar, Cala bar)

39. ITU International Teleco mmu nications Un ion

40. LCR I La ke Chad Research Institute

-
t 1j 41.
42.
MDAs
NABDA
Ministries, Departments and Agencies
Nationa l Biot echnology Development Agency

43. NACETEM National Centre for Technology Managem ent

44. NACGRAB National Centre for Genetic Resou rces and Biotech nology

45. NAFDAC National Agency for Food And Drug Ad mi nistrat ion and Control

46. NAPRI National An imal Production Resea rch Instit ut e (Ahmadu Bello Un iversity, Za ria)

47. NARICT National Research Institute f or Ch emica l Technology

48~·
NASENI National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrast ructure

49. NASRDA National Space Research and Development Age ncy

50. NBA Nationa l Biosafety Agency

51. NBS National Bureau of Statistics

52. NBRRI Nigerian Bu ild ing and Research Instit ute

53. NCAM Nationa l Centre for Agricultural Mechan izat ion

54. NCDC Nigerian Centre for Disease Control

55. NCEE Nat ional Centre for Energy and Environment (University of Ben in, Ben in City)
National Centre for Energy Efficiency and Conservation (University of Lagos,
se. NCEEC
Akoka )
Nat ional Centre for Energy Resea rch and Development (Un iversity of Nigeria,
57. NCERD
Nsu kka )
Nationa l Centre for Hydropower Research and Development (Un iversity of IIorin,
58. NCHRD
IIorin )
National Centre for Marine Pollut ion Mon itoring (University of Port Harcourt, Port
59. NCMPM
Harcourt)
-
National Centre for Petroleum Research and Development (Abuba kar Tafawa
so. NCPRD
Balewa University, Bauchi)
61. NCR I National Cereals Research Institute

62. NCRS National Centre for Remote Sensing

63. NED DEC National Engineering Design Development Centre

64. NEMA National Emergency Management Agency

--
es. NGSA Nigerian Geological Survey Agency

66. NICT National Institute of Construction Technology

61. NIFFR National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Resea rch

-
68. NIFOR Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research

69. NIFST Nigerian Institute of Food Scien ce and Technology

10. NIHORT National Horticult ural Resea rch Instit ute

Page 1xm
71. NIHSA Nigerian Hydrological Services Agency
..

72. NIJ · : Nigerian Institute of Jou rnalism

73. NILEST National Institute for Leather Science Technology

r
74. NIMET Nigerian Meteorological Agen cy

75. NIMG Nigeria n Institute of Min ing and Geosciences

76. NIMR Nige rian Institute of Med ical Research

77. NIOMR Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research

78. NI PRD Nat ional Institute of Pharmaceutical Researc h and Development

79. NISER Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research

80. NISLT Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology

81. NITDA Nationa l Information Technology Development Agency

82. NITR National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research

---
83. NMC National Mathematical Centre

84. NMDC National Metallurgical Development Centre

85. NNMDA Nigerian Natural Medicine Development Agency

86. NOTAP National Office of Technology Acquisition and Promotion

87. NPTI National Power Train ing Institute

88. NRCRI National Root Crops Research Institute

89. NSPRI Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute

~0. NSRMEA National Steel Raw Materials Exploration Agency

91. NSTIR National Science, Tech nology and Innovation Road map

92. NVRI National Veterinary Research Institute

93. NWFCRC National Weather Forecasting and Climate Change Research Centre (NIMET)

94. NWRI National Wate r Resou rces Institute

95. ppp Public Private Partnersh ip

96. PRODA Projects Development Institute

97. REPTEM Regiona l Programme fo r Technology Management

98. RMRDC Raw Materials Research and Development Council

99. RRI N Rubbe r Research Instit ute of Nigeria

··---

100. RRIN Rubber Research Instit ute of Nigeria

- ..

101. SEDI-E Scientific Equipment Development Institute (Enugu )

102. SEDI-M Scientific Equipment Development Institute (Minna )

103. SERC Sokoto Energy Researc h Centre (Usman Dafodiyo University, Sokoto)
-- ..

104. SHESTCO Sheda Science and Technology Complex

105. SM EDAN Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria

106. SSAN Socia l Sciences Academy of Nigeria

..

107. STI Science, Technology and Innovation

108. VEl Vocationa l Educational Institution

Page I xiv
 1.0 INTRODUCTION
,.1.1. Nigeria's Science and Technology Heritage
Science is defined in the Oxford English Dictiona ry as the study or knowledge of the physical world
based on observations and experiments. It sh ou ld be noted that experiments do not have to be physical .
They can be analytical . What is certa in is that scie nce req uires rationalization of methods to reac h the
results of expe riments. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for pra ct ical purposes. Both
science and technology co nstitute time-honoured ways of doing which have, as most would agree,
brought tremendous ga ins despit e some negatio n, t o hu man existence in all spheres of life: adva nces in
medicine, expansion of hu man social interactions, ease of tra ve l, knowledge about the un iverse, albeit
with some persistent limitations, and greater capacity to configure shelter and produ ce food. Neither t he
definition of science nor that of technology ascribes its monopoly to any re ligion , global region, race or
even social class. The current states of stealth are derivatives of tech niques that have been developed
and practiced in every global region wit h contributions to different extents, by all races. Recognition of
this circumst ance and the scientific heritage of Sub-Saharan Africa in general, and t he geographical zone
that gave birth to Nigeria in 1960 is essential to the revival and sustainabi lity of confide nce in the
scientists, tech nologists and even, the general public , about Nigeria's nati.onal ca pacity to achieve
significant advances in science and technology.
As clearly expressed by the Japanese in their Japa n Vision 2050 published in April 2005 (15),
Socletles In which only the word like •economy- and •growth" are stressed, are definitely not dl(nlfled.
41

It is necessary that we should move t0walfd a wolfld whose groups of individuals w/11 form functional
or(anlzatlons and societies to ~te an Image of Japan as a dl(nlfled nation". Therein , it is also stated
~wo thln(s are Important here: first, a national character that cherishes learning, art, science. and the
sensibility to care for nature and human beings; and second, a society formed by individuals m0l'ded by
that national character".
It is now believed (29) that much earlier than the period of European invasion of Africa , medica l
practice was much more advanced in Africa than in Europe. Among t he pioneering practices in Africa n
regions that subsequently became Nigeria, Egypt and South Africa were the use of kaol in to treat
diarrhea; and use of salicylic acid-containing plants that attacked can cer, t reated malari a and ca used
abortion. Among the early medical practices in Africa, some of which have survived to date, were
vaccination , autopsy, limb removal , teeth extraction and installat ion , skin grafting, bone setting,
anesthesia, tissue caute rization and caesarian section. The Borgu in the Northern part of Nigeri a and the
Annangs and lbibios of t he southern part of Nigeria have extensive knowledge of medical pla nts, as wel l
as their processing t echniq ues to date. Africans in differe nt regions of t he cont inent devel oped
numeration syste ms about 8000 years ago. In contrast to the decima l (base on 10) which is current ly
universally, used the Yoruba mathematical system was based on units of 20 and was amenable to
subtraction and other operations as described by Zaslavsky (30). There were many astronomers in
ancient Africa , particularly, the Dogon people of Mali made nu merous observations in astronomy (31).
The people of Ancient lkom in present-day Cross River State of Nigeria also produced an astronomical
calendar in ancient times. In August 2009, a group of journalists (38) visited t he Stone Ci rcle located at
Old Nkrigom in lkom LGA of Cross River State. Th is megalithic circle served as a calenda r in an ci ent tim es
and is believed to date back 4000 years. Emeagwali (34) has given a dense summary of the scientifi c
and technological contributions of Africans. Some enslaved Afri cans arrived in th e new world wit h
advanced knowledge offarming. In addition, several crop varieties of Af rican origin were adopted in Asia.
Among them were coffee, oil palm, African rice (oryza glabberima), sorgh um and fon io (digitaria exilis).
Most settlements and kingdoms that were later confederated to become Nigeria, developed
appropriate and large engineering structures that required exacting architectura l and structura l
analyses. In many of the structures bu ilt in the Sahelian fringes of Nigeria, cooling by evaporation were
utilized. Examples of the architectural expertise of people in th e region are t he reliques of wa ll ed cities
of Kano, the Born u Empire and the Benin Empire. Much later in the 17th Century, Lou renco Pinto, the
Portuguese captain who visited Benin noted that 41GI'Mt Benin where the King resides Is larger than
Usbont all the sttfeets are straJght as tar as the eye can see. The houses are large, especially* that 0t the
king which is richly decorated and has tlve oolumns. The City is wealthy and lmdustrious. It Is s0 well
governed that theft Is unknown and! the peopl~ Lived! lm such security. The art/sans have their places
carefully allocated In the squares whleh are divided up In such a manner that In ome squatre1 I counted th
alt0get/iter 0me hundtred and twenty Smith's workshops. all worklfll CQntlnuously". That is the observati on of
Page 11
that Pi nto reported back in Portugal . It is the Nigerian heritage in town planning and archit ectu re which
has been eclipsed by contem porary ci rcumstances. The grandeur of the Ben in Empire has been reported
by Ugowe (41).
In addition to the obse rvati on quoted in the preceding para graph, Fred Pearce (54) writes about
the walls of Benin City "they extend for some 16,000 km in all. in a mosa;fc of more than 500
Interconnected settlement boundaries. They cover 6f500 square km and were dug by the Edo people,
In all, they are four times longer than the Great Wall of China, and consumed a hundred times more
material than the Great Pyra mid of Cheops. They took an estimated 150 million hours ot digging to
construct, and are perhaps. the largest single archaeological phenomenon on the planet•. It should be
noted that as ch ronicled by Wesler (53), t he Wall was partly destroyed by the British in the invasion of
1897.
Metal worki ng has indexed huma n technological advancement for centuries. As reported in
archaeology (48, 49 , 50), the use of iron in smelting and toolmaking in West Africa dates back to 1200
BCE. This implies that it was not copied fro m outside the continent. The expertise of Nigeria-zone dwellers
in metall urgy in ancient t imes extended f rom iron to brass, bronze, wa x and glass as evident in life-size
statues composed of these materials in Benin, lfe and other regions beginning in the 13th century.
Smelti ng of iron has profo und implications on the depth of technological engagement of the
artisans/engineers of that era. Product ion of iron from its ore through smelting generates silver, iron,
copper and other metals f rom the same ore , implying that metallurgy was extensive in the industries of
that era. It is well-known that Africa was a supplier of gold to other parts of the world trough Trans-
Sahara n caravans during the medieval tim es. There is controversy regarding the date of initiation of iron-
making in Africa as a whole, due to archaeological finds that are outliers (45). However, it is known that
by the tim e t he first Europea ns arrived in Africa, iron had been developed in West Afri ca with legacies
that sti ll exist in traditiona l settings.
Recent radiocarbon dating of Central and Eastern Nigerian artifacts reported in the news (42)
indicate the ancient existence of a vibrant Iron Age in the region. Studies by Bernard Fagg enabled the
conclusion that Nok Culture site at Taruga which contains iron slags, furnaces, tuyeres, pottery and
charcoal is a site that dates back to the fi rst Millennium BC and continued into the first two centuries AD .
Recent dating of artifacts fro m an iron smelting site in Leija in Nsukka LGA of Enugu State performed in
Sweden using modern radiocarbon and t hermo-luminescence methods, indicate the age of 1445 BC.
Thus, the Iron Age was in the region as early as 3445 years ago. This is comparable to or earlier than the
Iron Age of other global regio ns and indicates independent expertise technology in Central and Eastern
Nigerian areas in ancient t imes.
A f eature article (35 ) covers blacksmithing in three Awka Villages in Anambra State of Nigeria
(Agulu-Akwa , Amaikwo and Ezi-Awka). This vocation dates back to 1896. Many Nigerian art masterpieces
wh ich could only be sculptured with deep knowledge of the science of materials and casting of
engineering tools, are found in museums outside Nigeria. Among them is the ivory mask/pendant of
Benin Empire''s Queen ldta ~ 12th-15th Century lfe metal, terracotta and stone sculptures in foreign
museums, and several others that have been chronicled and described (70,71). There are reputed to be
as many as 600 pieces of Afri can art in display at the British Museum and hundreds of ot hers in storage
at its warehouse in Hackney, North London. Locally, the lgbo Ukwu ·Museum which is an outpost of
Nigeria's Nationa l Commisston f or Museums and Monuments (NCMM) in Aguata Local Government Area
of Ana mbra State, contains 1000-year-old artifacts (39) described as •unique" and displaying •a superb
level of technical artistry In (of) the llbo Ukwu forest land". In the collection are bronze sculptures
discove red by a resident of the area in 1939. The British Secretary of State for the Colonies
commissioned mineral surveys of Southern and Northern Nigerian Protectorates in 1903 and 1904
respectively, setting the fram ework f or the beginning of organized mining in Nigeria between 1902 and
1903 (13). Tin ore (cassiterite) was t he init ial focus by the Royal Niger Company in 1904 followed by gold
in 1914 wit h mines located in Niger and Kogi States. In 1916, coal mining began in Enugu followed three
yea rs later by the formation of the Geological Survey of Nigeria.
Wit h respect to leather science and technology, the Hausa regions of Northern Nigeria supplied
the Mediterranean markets with much of the leather that was wrongly tagged as Moroccan leather.
Sourced from the present-day Northern Nigeria, that leather went as far as Normandy and Britain (46).
Many people are at best, lightly aware of the fact that written communication in Nigeria precedes
the arrival of explorers, invaders and missionaries. The lbibio/Efik of Akwa lbom State/Cross River State
of Sout hern Nigeria initiated and im plemented Nsibidi which is an ideographic suite of symbols that was
Page 12
 the privy knowledge of th e Ekpe Sec ret Soc iety. The Ba mun of neighboring Ca meroon went further by
developing an indigeno us writi ng syste m. As featured authoritatively in the New African (44 ), t he Ba mun
Pala ce in Fo umban, Western Cameroun holds about 7000 weathered doc uments, most of which were
written before the first arrival of colonialists in t he region in 1902. The documents cover th e Ba mun
history, medicine, reli gion and magic. Maps and place names all writte n in th e Bamun script, are sto red
there.
The contributions of the ancient and medieval city st at es an d ot her jurisdictional entities t hat later
became Nigeria to advances in science and technologies sh ould ap proximately be viewed within the
larger African cont ext. In general, there is llttle disput e about Ancient Egypt's prominence in t he arts,
science and technology, buoyed by the fact that evidence, includi ng the pyram ids abounds.
Unfortunately, as noted by others (43 ), there is freque nt ideologica l posture by some historians wit h
bearing on the awareness of others, including Africans, to portray ancie nt Sub-Saharan Afri ca ns as those
who were uncivilized, barba ric, primitive a.nd def enseless. Essentially, anci.ent Egypt 's accomplishments
in philosophy, architecture, science and technology are displaced f rom black Africans and hung on t he
'Arabs who were the last successful invaders of North Africa . This erasure of heritage has been a mental
threat to the self-confidence of modern-day Africans on scientif ic and technological matters. Nigerians
and indeed, African scientific renaissance to which the Africa n Union and many individual African
countries have expressed commitment, must begin with correction of distorted history about black
African scientific and technological heritage.
Considering the racial composition of the Ancient Egyptians, the Great historian Herodotus,
describing the Colclians of the Black Sea shores, presented t hem as 41Eg'yptlans by race• with "black
skins and kinky hair". As noted in another review (67), the Greek phil osopher, Apollodorus, also described
ancient Egypt as "the country of the black~footed ones". In a letter sent by the French explorer-Jean-
Francais Champollion to his brother Jacques Joseph about the Rosetta Stone which was found in Egypt
In 1799 during Napoleon Bonaparte's expedition, it is evident that the ancient Egyptians since at least,
the 18th Dysnasty (233BC), recognized their racial composition as Kemmui , Nahasi , Namou and
Tahmou, corresponding to Egyptian, Black Africans, Asians and Europeans. Jean-Francais wrote in his
letter "Thus, we have bet0re out! eyes the Images 0f various races known to the ligyptiamsJ established
during that early epoch". Aristotle, the peerless Greek philosopher wrote also in Physiognomonica, that
'the Ethiopians and Egyptians are very black". The most famous of the several ancient black
philosophers who regrettably are unknown to most Africans were lmhotep (2700 BC), Ptahhotep (2414
BC), Kagemni (2300 BC), Merikare (1990 BC), Sehotep-ibra (1991 BC), Amen-emhat (1991 BC),
Amenhotep (1400 BC) and Duaf (1340 BC). Many Greek philosophers visited and studied in Africa after
being prohibited f or about 3000 years. The great libraries of Egypt were looted during Roman control and
that circumstance persist ed up to Napoleon Bonaparte 's invasion In 1798 AD. Among the Greek
philosophers who studied in Africa are Thales of Milelus (624-54 7 BC), Pythagoras (582-500 BC), and
Aristotle (385-322 BC). Readers are urged to find out more by reviewing the summaries presented
elsewhere (43, 66, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54). Indeed , the venerable historian-Cheikh Anta Diop,
writing in the Origin of African Civilization, wrote (67) •Ancient El}'pt was a Negro efvlllzatlon. The history
of black Africa will remain suspended In the air and cannot be written correctly until Att!lea /ltistorlams
conmect It with the hlstof!Y ot Egypt. The AJI!let~~n wh0 evades the problem of Egypt is nelthet! m0dest 1!10T
objective, nor unruffled. lrle is tgnorrantJcowardly amd neurotic. The ancient Egyptians were negroes. The
moral of their civilization Is to be counted among the assets of the Black world".
Colonization of socio-political structures that now constit ute Nigeria in the 19th century implied
reshuffling and reconstitution of all pre-existing systems: religious, political, technological and more by
the colonial masters. Engineering in the Western sense was introduced into Nigeria during t he colon ial
period to enhance movement of people and goods, as well as pol it ical control of the loca l population.
Public buildings, roads, telegraphy and railways were bu ilt without development of local engineering
capacity beyond menial assignments. Only a few Nigerians are known to have reached professiona l
status of «engineer" as late as mid-20th century. Those who did had their preliminary tra ining locally
before completing their studies overseas. This continued unti l the 1960s when local universities and
other tertiary institutions started engineering degree programmes and expanded science course
offerings. Currently, Nigeria has several professional bodies, most of which are listed in Append ix 4 ; and
at least, 120 registered tertiary institutions, the majority of which offer degree programmes in various
fields of science and technology.

Page 13
 The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology now inclu des about 25 resea rch
institutes/centers as pa rastat als or university-nested organizations in various sectors of the Nigerian
econo my. Nigeria now awa rds its highest prize f or intellectual contrib ution-the Nigerian National Orde r of
Merit (NN OM ) in fields that include Science and Technology, and the Nigerian Academy of Science which
was established in 1977 statutorily, promotes technical (scientific and technological activities);
organized lectures and advises the Nigeria n Government. However, the support systems for integration
of science and technology into governance and socio-economic activities are grossly inadequate in
Nigeria. It is a. primary detract or f rom Nigeria's effort to industrla li.ze and com pete effectively with other
nations to elevate the standard of living of Nlgenans. Nigeria's public expe nditu re on resea rch and
development is less t han 0.1% of it s GNP and there are less than 100 Nigerians per one million of its
population in research an d development. Clearly, much more needs to be done. Programmes are
configured herein , to catch up with some front-running countries by 2030.
In spite of these opportunities, it should be noted that Nigeria is still playing catch-up to many
countries, particularly outside Africa on in novation in the modern context in which Western-sourced
technologies define each country's wea lth, stealth and health. It wi ll remain as such untll Nigeria can
make sign ificant advances either in introducing indigenous knowledge systems and technologies
partial ly or ful ly at appropriate scales, or adapts and deploys foreign technologies effectively or does both
conven iently. Success in al l th ese rega rds gains from awareness of the scientific and technological
heritage of Nigeria by Nigeria ns within the overall framework of black African civilization.

1.2. Science and Technology In Decades of Nigeria•s Development Planning

The history of development planning in Nigeria has been analyzed by many authors (2, 5, 12, 13,
20, 23, 24, 40, 55, 60, 66, 77, 95). Development planning in Nigeria predates independence in 1960.
• The 10 year Development Plan (1945-1955}: The first systematic plan was the 10 years
development plan (1945-1955) which was formatted by the Colonial Office in London in 1945 and
implemented by a central developme nt board. Planning was integrated with central consultations at
provincial levels. Nevertheless, the central objective of this plan which subsequently jacketed Nigeria 's
post-i ndependent development was th e development of basic infrastructure to support harvesting of raw
materials from Nigeria. It foc used on implementation of isolated projects and lacked the programme
integration that would have given it the strategic bent that Nigeria would subsequently need as a country.
Local talent and research were not developed to support programs.
• The Second Development Plan of 1956~1960: This was formatted in a way that empowered the
Regions of Nigeria. Each of the three regions: North, East and West, prepared its own plan quite apart
from the Federal Development Plan. Under such an arrangement, there were replications of projects and
analyses were inadequate. Again, the f ocus was on a collection of proje<;:ts rather than strategies that
would be driven by a national visi on and the target of faring well in international trade for domestic
advantages. In his paper presented at the US. National Academy of Sciences, Prof. Hilary lnyang (206)
has noted that ~At that t/rne (pre-independence time). African universities were at the vanguard ot
diverse indigenous groups t/rlat rationalized the need for the independence of their countries 011 the
basis of human right to freedom and self~govemamce. They were not really deep contributors of data or
other forms of llllformaUcm to economic development lnltlatlves and governance of their countfles. Thls
circumstances was prevalent In Africa until the late 1950s•.
• The Post~lndependent First National Development Plan (1962-1968}: This was the first plan to
incorporate detailed national objectives as the envelop for individual projects. A National Economic
Counci l had been established apriori , in 1958 with the mandate of mobilizing the support of Nigerians
for the measures that were needed to improve their quality of life. It was intended to wean Nigeria off
externa l sources of capital and ma npower. It is observed that the desirable objectives of that plan was
not ach ieved satisfactorily in critical sectors. As summarized recently (40) in a review of 60 years of
development planning in Nigeria , there was 34.6% underfulfillment in education , 63.3% in
commu nication , 42 .8 % in pri mary production and 56.3% in health. Among the reasons for that recorded
underachievement was dependence on British expertise, continued dependence on foreign capital
inflows and skewing of bilateral t rade in favour of Britain. Import Substitution Industrialization (lSI) was
targeted. Many major infrastructural projects were implemented during this planning era, among them,
the Kai nji Dam, Ughelli Thermal Plants, Oil Refinery, a development bank and the mint/security company

Page l4
 as noted (23) . Most of t hese inf rastructure and syst ems required deep t ec hnical management and
scientific investments that we re never deve loped domestically.
In t he Seco nd -National Development Plan (1970-1974), the Federal Govern ment attempted to
add ress the demerits of lSI by fo cusi ng on domestic production of intermediate and capital goods. It was
an atte mpt t o create a Nigerian industrial structure buoyed by engagement in agricultu re, mi ning,
quarrying and transport. Nigeria also became an oil-producer during this period with the attendant
elevation of foreign exchange inflows. During this time, t he first effort to coordinate sc ientific resea rch in
Nigeria was made (1970) through the establishment of the Nigerian Council fo r Sc ience an d Technology
(NCST). Its mandate was to develop national priorities in research and supervise t he implementation of
basic and appl ied research in Nigeria. Other appendages of the NCST were also fo rmed : the Agricultura l
Research Council and the Industrial Research Council in 1971, followed by t he Medical Resea rch
Council , and the Natural Science Research Council of Nigeria in 1972 and 1973, respectively. In spite of
its appendages, the NCST was a monolith and attracted criticism about its efficiency and prod uctivity.
This Ulust rious plan was undone by Nigeria 's lack of qualif ied technical and manage ri.al personnel in t he
critical areas. Besides, processes for identification and dep loyment of leaders in such industri es, most
of which were overseen by Government, were less than opti mal.
Through geological surveys that date back to 1958, iron ore was located in Agbaja, ltakpe and
Udi while limestone deposits were found at Jakura, Mfamosin and many other regions of Nigeria.
Reasona bly large deposits of coal were found in Enugu . The vari ety that is more appropriate fo r
steelmaking (coke-able coal) was discovered at Lafia. After many partnership agreements with foreign
firms and market surveys, a contract was awarded in 1970 to Tiaj Prom Export, a now defunct USSR
company, to identify feedstock and determine the quality and quant ity of materials for establishment of
·an integrated iron and steel plant to support Nigeria 's technology-based industrial ization which targeted
the production of 750,000 tonnesjyear of steel within the second National Development Plan (1970-
1975). The Nigerian Steel Development Authority (NSDA) was establ ished in 1971 within t his period with
research and supervisory functions. As indicated by Lawai (2 1), t he research would focus on geological
surveys, metallurgy and market studies.
The plan was to produce steel in three phases: fi rst, the Aj aokuta Steel Plant would produce the
technologically easy-to-produce long products at 1.3 million tonnesjyear and subsequently, the flat
products at 2.6 million tonnesjyear. A third phase of 5.2 million tonn esjyear would follow. The Nigerian
workforce was not adequately skilled in the technologies of fl at stee l production at the ti me. The NSDA
which was the only technology-oriented and appropriate outfit t o manage steel production in Nigeria, was
dissolved in 1~79 and their functions transferred to non-technical bureaucrats in the Fede ral Ministry of
Steel (21). The NSDA was replaced by the following individual compa nies and projects.
• Ajaokuta Steel Project, Ajaokuta
• Delta Steel Company, Ovwian-Aiadja
• Jos Steel Rolling Company, Jos
• Katsina Steel Rolling Company, Katsina
• Oshogbo Steel Rolling Company, Oshogbo
• National Iron Ore Mining Company, ltakpe
• National Steel Raw Materials Exploration Agency, Kaduna
• National Metallurgical Development Center, Jos
• Metallurgical Training Institute Onitsha
The National Steel Raw Materials Exploration Agency, National Metallurgical Development Center,
and Metallurgical Training Institute were designed for sponsorship by the Federal Govern ment while t he
rest of the entities were privately owned and operated.
As noted by Lawai (21) and confirmed by Ohimain (93) in a summary, poor management by
bureaucrats, including non-payment of the Soviets and other contractors, lack of techn ical expertise and
duplication of roles and sub-projects ravaged the otherwise, good plan to produce and supply steel for
Nigeria's t echnological development. With t he bleeding of Nigeria's economy s u bseq u ently~ partly due to

Page 15
 the national economic hardships derived from th e Structural Adjustment Programme of the 1980s, the
steel industry ground to a halt in Nigeria.
Nigeria still has more than 3 billion t onnes of proven iro n ore reserves (93). However, most of the
privately-owned steel compa nies are rollin g mills that need bi ll ets f rom integrated mills. Unfortu nately,
due to mismanagem ent and lack of techn ology deployment, th e raw materials from the deposits are not
t harvested and processed adequately to derive steel production far Nigeria 's technological revolution.
Only t he Delta St eel Company still operates.
y • The Third National Development Plan (1975-1980): This was basicall y a continuation of the
f second NDP and was ta rgeted at pol icy development and implementation to support the private sector
I to improve Nigeria's productivity. It was launched at the zenit h of Nigeria's all boom. With t he high
earnings f rom oil sa les, th e Government invested highly in heavy industries. Decisions were not always
f made on the basis of options ana lyses but based on military edicts and orders. Private firms had easy
access to foreign exchange but focu sed t heir investments in industries that are described (23) as light,
low-technology consume r industries. These industries were based on imported raw materials and
t machinery, most of which could not even be maintained with local talent. Again , there was a move away
from investment in agro-all ied industries that would have sourced raw materials locally.
With recriminations about t he effectiveness of NCST, it was segmented into the following
independent research institutes and replaced in 1977 by the National Science and Technology
r Development Agency (NSTDA):
l • The Cocoa Resea rch Institute of Nigeria [CRIN], lbadan
~
f • Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos
j
• The Forestry Research Inst itute of Nigeria [FRIN), lbadan
• Hydraul ic Equipment Research Institute (HERI) , Kano
• Institute for Agriculture Resea rch (IAR), Zaria
• Institute for Agricultural Research and Training IAR&T, lbadan
t • Lake Chad Resea rch Institute (LCRI), Maiduguri
l
~ • National Agricultu ral Extension and Research Liaison Service (NAERLS), Zaria
;
• National Animal Product ion Research Institute (NAPRI), Zaria
f
• National Agency for Sci ence and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) , Lagos
• Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI), Lagos
• National Cereals Resea rch Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Niger State
• National Centre f or Geneti c Research and Biotechnology (NCGRB)
• National Institute for Freshwaters Fisheries Research (NIFFR), New Bussa
• Nigeria Institute for Oil Pal m Research (NIFOR), Benin city
• National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT), lbadan
• National Institute for Medical Research NIMR), Yaba
• Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), Lagos
• National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja
• Nigeria Institute for Trypan osomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna
• National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Abia stat~
y • National Research Instit ute for Chemical Technology (NRICT), Zaria .
j
• Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI), Yaba
0 • National Veterina ry Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Jos
 • Projects Deve lopment Institut e (PDI ), Enugu
• Ru bber Research Institut e of Nigeria (RRIN ), Be ni n City
These research institutes were not supported to t he levels of intellectual and mission-driven
productivity that would have ena.bled t hem to catalyze Nigeria's emergence as major players in th e
economic sectors in which they operated. That problem cont inues WI t oday. Ni,geria's l.ack of adequat e
capacity for technology development and/or acquisition and lack of specif ic skills in the sectors on which
the Nigeri an government established partnership agreements with the privat e sector caused
underachievement of the objectives of the Third National Plan . A full -fled ged Fede ral Ministry of Sci ence
and Technology (FMST) was established in 1980. The Resea rch Councils were abol ished an d t heir
• Ifunctions integrated into the structure and mandate of the FMST.
• The Fourth National Development Plan (1981-1985): This was implemented at a t ime of globa l
econom ic recession when Nigeria experienced reduction in fo reign exchange earnings, poor bala nce of
payment and growing unemployment. Companies had insufficient fo reign exchange t o im port raw
'materials and equipment parts. Social conditions, technical inadequacy and economic misma nagement
combined to place Nigerians in socio-economic dire straits. The FMST was merged with the Federal
Ministry of Education , Science and Technology in 1984 and separated from it in 1985.
The priority areas of the Fourth Plan were agriculture which had been neglected greatly during the
oil boom era, education, manpower development, infrastru cture, health and housing. However, th e
problem was ineffective implementation. The Fourth Plan was until then , t he worst implement ed plan in
the history of Nigeria's de\tielopment planning as evident in the drop of GDP growth to 1.25%. Food was
imported in spite of the Green Revolution Programme that was t he sloga n, and most of the states owed
their workers many months of salary. Science and technology was not at any level of deployment that
could make any difference. After the official closure of the implementation period of the Fou rth Plan, the
Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) was adopted in 1986 as a repl acement of previous plan ning
systems. The objectives of the SAP were primarily to pro mote investment, stimulate non-oil exports,
provide support for private sector-led development, promote Nigeria's industrial efficiency,
develop/utilize Nigeria 's domestic technology with encouragement of t he use ofJoca l raw materials. The
first National Science and Technology Policy was developed in 1986 with equa{ly desirable objectives.
The Raw Materials Researc h and Development Council (RMRDC) , t he Standards Organizat ion of Nigeria
(SON) and other bodies were established by Degree No. 3 9 in 1987 t o support transfer of foreign
technology to local firms, license products that meet standards and perform research among other
indigenization support roles. Again , the poor results that t hat Policy attracted were attributab le (2 16,
217)to:
• Independent operation of research institutes without attention t o mission and wit h dupl icat ion
of efforts.
• Narrow base of S&T research which concentrated on R&D
• Isolation of manufacturing sector from R&D activities and therefo re, non-comme rcialization of
ideas.
• Insufficient funding of the S&T sector.
To a large extent, some of these drawbacks are still valid after many subsequent development pla ns.
• The Rolling Plans (199~ 1992~ 1992-199~3~ 1993-1995, 1997-1999): The First National
Rolling Plan (1990-1992) involved consideration of Nigeria's strat egic development needs and the
real ization that 5-year plans were inadequate with respect for coverage of those needs. The plans were
then configured into three tiers as follows.
• A 15-20-year Plan with a clear vision of the termi na l state of the econom y and coverage of t he
required policies and actions
• A 3-year National Rolling Plan , and
• A 1-year Annual Budget
The First National Rolling Plan focused on self-sufficiency in food production and raw materials,
self-reliant opportunities, enhancement of the socio-politica l awa reness of the people and strengthening
of the base for a market-oriented economy. Agricultural development and provisio n of physical
Page 17
infrastructure were targeted to reduce economic bu rden of those who were vu lnerable to t he ravages of
the Structural Adjustment Programme. The deficit was to be financed. The plan lacked the strategic
component and was ta gged non-scientific by some analysts. Pol itical turbu lence was also a factor in its
ineffective implementation. The Science and Tech nology Poli cy document was revised in 1992 to include
S andT infrastructu re development and recognition of S&T as in put into innovation th at is re quired to
drive Nigeria's industrialization and economic development efforts.
Subsequent Plans up to 1999 dealt with reduction of inflation , red uction of the gap between
official exchange rate an d paralle l market rate of the currency, employment creatio n, rural development,
revival and privatizat ion of public assets, expansion of agri cultu ral product ion and reductio n of
bottlenecks to industrialization. All of these efforts were still imperiled by inadequate development of a
science and techn ology base, inadequate investment in science and technology, and poor translation of
findi ngs of research to com mercialization.
Interest in creating and pursuing long-term targets in Nigeria 's development effort promoted the
creation of Vision 2010 in 1996. Vision 2 010 targeted the transformation of Nigeria into "a united,
Industrious, caring, God-fearing democratic soclety1 committed to making the basic needs of life
affordable for everyone~. and creatimg Africa/s leading economY' (218). Achievement of this mission was
to be through a 15-year perspective pla n segmented into multi-tiered medium term plans. lbietan and
Ekhosuehi (2 18) observe that although t his plan relied significantly on attitudinal change by Nigerians,
public consci ousness was not necessari ly raised through engagements to achieve the desired results.
Investment in R&D remained f lat in spite of international competition on innovation.
• The National Economic Empowenrnent and Development Strategy (NEEDS) (2004e2007}:
NEEDS focused on mediu m-term economic development, specifically on wealth creation, employment
generation, poverty reduction and values re-orientation. For the latter, a National Orientation Agency
which has survived to date, was created. The states were supported to develop similar plans with in their
j urisdictions. They were called SEEDS. The Loca l Government 's plan was Called LEEDS. Being that NEEDS
was foc used on socio-economic empowerment, the Federal Government gave emphasis in its budgets
to healthcare, education , agriculture, roa ds, water resources, power and secu rity. This was particularly
true of the 2004 and 2005 budgets. The assessment herein , is that NEEDS was reasonably successful
but the enormity of Nigeria's development challenges required the sustenance of effort at that level
without the ravages of political distract ions. Poor investment in innovation continued as a constraint to
attain ment of socio-economic development targets.
• Vision 20 ~2020 (2009-2020}: This was the next focus of Nigeria's medium term socio-economic
development effort. When the Vision was developed, it was a long-term plan but three years to go on its
expiration, most of the targets are unl ikely to be attained within the plan period. In the Vision; Nigeria
targeted a st atus as one of th e top 20 economies in the world by 2020. Recently (2015), it ranked 128
out of 141 countries on innovation and ranks 110 out of 141 countries on Industrial Competitiveness
Index of UN IDO (2013). The primary obj ect ives of Vision 20:2020 are to guarantee the productivity and
well-being of the people ; opti mize the key sources of economic growth; and foster sustainable social and
economic development. A GOP of US$ 900 billion and per capita GOP of US$ 4000 was targeted. As
pointed out by Okereke (219), the average per capita income of the top 20 economies in which Nigeria
targets Inclusion was US$ 100~000 in 2010 as opposed to Nigeria's US$ 1,200 at that ti me. The part to
achievement of Nigeria's target, even at some future date is the use of science and technology as an
enabler of its industrialization, education in critical field, peace and security as well as political
com mit ment.
One of the laudable approaches t o t he configuration and implementation of Vision 20:2020 plans
was the creation and conven ing of a Nati onal Technical Working Group (NTWG) on Science, Technology
and Innovation which produced its detailed report on global trends, strategies, recommendations and
initiatives in 2009 (95). The NTWG ana lyzed the elements of the Vision and developed recommendations
on aspects that need STI advances in the following critical STI sectors into which the FMST has binned
its research an d associated activities.
• Biotechnology
• Information and Communicat ion Technology
• Space Technology
• Power/Nuclear Energy
 • Value-addition to Agricu ltural and Mi nera l Resources
• Engineering Infrastructu re, Health , Tra dit ional Medicine, Education, Housing, Environment,
etc.
The recommendati ons of the NTWG , most of which were to be im plemented before 2020, have
'been mostly integrated int o the NSTIR 2030 because most of the initiatives can no longer be
'implemented befo re 2020.
The reco mmendations of NTWG as the STI elements of Vision 20:2020 was fo llowed by the
compl,etion of Nigeria's poii,cy on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI ) in 2011 (11). In addit ion to
the following policy objectives, sector plans are also covered . The coverages of this STI policy desirabl y
overlaps with those that have been developed by va ri ous Federal Ministries of the Federal Republ ic of
Nigeria , t hereby, providing the need for FMST to play the coord inating role .
• Facilitate the acquisition of knowledge to adapt, utilize, replicate and diffuse technologies fo r
t he growth of SMEs, agricultural development, food security, power generati on and pove rty
reduction.
• Support the establishment and strengthening of organizations, institutions and structures f or
effective coordination and management of STI activities within a virile nati onal inn ovation
system.
• Encourage and promote creation of innovat ive enterprises uti lizing Nigeria's indigenous
knowledge and technology to produce marketable goods and services.
• Support mechanisms to harness, promote, com mercialize and diffuse locally developed
• Technologies for the production of globally competitive goods and service that intensively
utilizes Nigeria's raw materials.
• Facilitate and support the creation and maintenance of up-to-date, rel iable an d accessible
database on Nigeria's STI resources and activities
• Promote activities for effective STI communication and inculcation of STI cultu re in Nigerians.
• Create and sustain reliable mechanisms for adequate funding of STI activities in Nigeria.
• Init iate, support and strengthen strategic bilatera l and multilateral co-operations in scient if ic,
technological and innovation activities across all sectors of the economy.
This NSTIR 2030 serves as an integration framework for various STI plans at the federal and lower
jurisdictional levels. Its effective implementation will spu r th e industrial revolution that Nigeria has
unsuccessfully sought since its independence in 1960.

1.3. Perennial Challenges and Circumstances

As shown in Figure 1, sustainable development which has been the t arget of Nigeria 's socio-
economic development plans, comprises four cardinal sub-targets: economic development , population
management, environmental/natural resources stewa rdship and social equity. The economic
development component is usually the primary target of development plans and initiatives. Population
is a significant factor because by necessity, most improvements in socio-economic indices are usually
normalized with population and assessed on per capita basis. This includes GDP, disease burden,
accident rates and mortality. Environmental stewardship is one of the det erminants of quality of life. It
impacts on human well-being, health and even , occupational stability. Social equity is facto r in peace
and stability of any country or lesser political jurisdiction , and a requirem ent fo r the implementation of
economic development programmes. A count ry's assets consist of natural resources which are abundant
in Nigeria, process and decision support systems which are sti ll challenged but improving in Nigeria, and
service and governance systems on wh ich progress is being made since Nigeria's transition to
democracy. Nigeria is at low scoring levels in the operationa l factors of system plann ing, system ana lysis,
system design , and system maintenance/improvement. Most of the development pla ns have been much
better than their implementation. Science and technology is a major factor in the improvement and
harvesting of the asset base as well as implementation of operations.

Page 19
 Figure 2 shows the distri bution of pove rty in Nigeria as developed by the Wo rld Bank (20 7) using
2010-2013 data. In both gra phs, the nationa l poverty levels approximated 60million people but with
significa nt regional disparities. Levels range f rom about 6million in the Southeast and Southwest to
about 20million in the Northwest . Many other socio-eco nomi c indices of Nigeria are summarized in Table
1A. Nigeria 's high population is a blessing and a challenge. It Is a blessing in the sense t hat it is a, large
domestic market for goods. It is a challenge to devise socio-economic schemes to provide for such a
large population. Gains must reach scales that are significant to make any dent on the large size of need.
With in the next 50 years, t he global population is expected to double. As one of the fastest growing
countries, Nigeria's popu lation is projected t o reach 289 million then. By 2025, its population is projected
to reach 22 5 million. The impl ication is that Nigeria must catalyze innovative to provide for such a large
population as China , Indonesia and India have done to various levels of success. Science and technology
and its capacity to drive entrepreneu rship is the path t o Nigeria's socio-economic progress.
It is well-recognized that there are some constraints to the attainment of Nigeria 's comprehensive
development plans as well as sectoral plans due to several factors. Focusing on the Nigeria Industrial
Revolution Plan (24) which was developed in 2014 as the successor to many multi-year national
development plans that had industrialization plans, and other plans that focused on intensification of
local manufacturing, the developers of the pl an alluded the persistent problems, that are stated below.
• Inadequate infrastructure
• Shortage of skilled manpower
• Poor linkage to industrial subsectors
• Over dependence on expo rt of raw materials
• Basic nature of man ufacturing activities
Inherent in the constra ints outl ined above, especially, in shortage of ski ll ed manpower, and
overdependence on export of raw materials are neglect of the role of science and technology in building
the required technical skills, catal yzing entrepreneurship, and achievi ng advantages in national
productivity and trade as demonstrated by many other countries.
The Nigerian Industrial sector Is challenged. It contributes about 3% of Nigeria' s export revenue
but gulps over 50% of Nigeria's imports, thereby ravaging the country's balance of payments. 011
dominates Nigeria's trade, contributing to about 90% of total export earnings but as crude on, an
unprocessed material that does not contribute significantly to other industrial activities. Nigeria's
industrial sector is non-performing as regards its contribution to the national economy and socio-
economic growth.
At the National Science and Technology Council Meeting organized by the Ministry of Science and
Technology in Abuja on December 14 -15, 2015, the Council identified some constraints to the
implementation of Nigeria 's Science and Technology Policy of 2012 which would have catalyzed Nigeria's
technologica l/industrial revolution. An additional Council meeting held in Osun State, confirmed these
needs. The key constraints are as foll ows.
• The uptake of R&D results by industries and SMEs in Nigeria is still very low (about 25% in the
food sector).
• Weak linkages and collaboration among key stakeholders in the STI system (knowledge
centers, government and industry, etc. ) are ba.rriers to Nigeria 's national innovation system
• Weak database of all R&D results, thereby, leading to duplication of the efforts
• Lack of confidence of industries in the ability of universities to meet their needs
• Inadequate funding of research and development
• Lack of adequate infrastru cture, weak institutional capacity and poor governance at many
Nigerian universities and research institution,
• Poor government po licy frameworks that seem insufficient to ensure sustained effort on
industry and university/research institute collaboration
• Low numbers of tech nicians and craftsmen as trade and technical schools are presently de-
emphasized

Page 110
 Sustainable Development

FIGURE 1: CONFIGURATION AND LINKAGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS IN THE AREAS OF PLANNING,
ANALYSES, DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE (57 )

~ion byZol!l

i"'<

~
~VI U~lJ ~1 ;.tU ' I ~'O'I $

~~ ~ 2..~ffVNh2f.J~:lnS: ~J!tl~iW.~'il ~"YJ p;.kt ~~

Source: World Bank (2014). Nigeria Economic Report

FlGUR E2~ NUMBER OF POOR IN THOUSANDS OF INDIVIDUALS (207 )

Page 111
 • Poor advoca cy among key players and stakehold ers in the STI system (knowledge cente rs ,
government and ind ustry)
• Apat hy fo r Science, Engineering, Technology and Mathematics (STEM ) education in Nigeria
Most of the R&D inputs of large ind ustries in Nigeria are made by the parent com panies with
little or no input fro m research and technologies developed locally
• Lack of patronage· of made-in-Nigeria products
The con stra ints that are listed above have been analyzed and covered by various elements of this
NSTIR 2030.
In 2014, Nigeria's GOP growth was rebased and. assessed f or 2011, 2012 a.nd 2013 at 5.3%,
4.2% and 5.5%, respectively. Non-oil growth reached 8.4% in 2013 but much less growth in agriculture
and telecommunications since 2011. As shown in Table 18 while growth increased in manufacturing
apart from food manufacturing (plasti cs, rub ber, chemicals and metals), the share of manufacturing in
the GDP was still low and rema ins so. Figure 3 shows the GDP per capita of selected countries plotted
from World Bank's 2015 data (207}. Nigeria's GOP is reasonably for a country of tts socio-economic class
when considered in absolute te rms but very low when assessed on per capita basis due to its large
popu lation.

1.4. Recent Improvements in Plans and Programmes

Although instabilities in the global oil market has recently put Nigeria in precarious economic
circumsta nces, the country has made some progress on the promotion of innovation as a means of
growing the economy. Much still remai ns t o be done. In addition to the specific R and D results on
innovative methods and products listed in Table 2 , research centers and programme units of FMST have
made progress on engagement of coll aborat ors, training and dissemination of programme results. Some
specific examples drawn from the Ministry's documents (1, 184, 3) are outlined below
• Implementation of the NOTAP-Industry Technology Transfer Fellowship
• Assistance of researchers and traditional medicine practitioners in developing post-harvest
process technologies on drying, preservation and storage of Medicinal Aromatic and Pesticide
Plants (MAPs) raw materials by NNMDA
• PRODA's technology f or production of Electric Porcelain Insulator pin and shackle types which
won the National Academy of Science (NAS) prize.
• Completion of R&D activities on High Nutrient Density Biscuit and Drinks that will provide
about a third of the dietary allowance for school children
• Establishment of Integrated Cassava Processing Plants at Owode, Yewa, Ondo and Oshogbo.
• Development of prototype science laboratory model by NASENI, NARICT and NISLT to be
adopted by secondary schools
• Im plementation of th e Kano State programme of youth empowerment using science and
technology
• NABDA's science advocacy for the passage of the Bio-safety bill
• Advances made by NASRDA on the development of micro-satellite system for environmental
monitoring, E-health , E-agriculture, E-commerce and security.
• Publication of two co mprehensive volumes of abstracts on Traditional Medicine Knowledge
and Practices by NNM DA
• Research progress made by NABDA on the development of DNA finger printing technology
• RMRDC's research breakthrough on the development of water borne paints using paints using
poly vinyl acetate (PVAC) and natural rubber latex (NRL) blend as binders.
• Development and production of web offset ink using local raw materials

Page 112
TABl.!E 1A: WORLD BANK'S DEVELOPMENT INDICES FOR NIGERIA (1990 - 2016)

-- r (pesple:per sq . l<m of~and area)__

oat n~ional po'lert)'~me& (% of
~
·--Y IJ.'

~
Data_Extract_From_World_Development_lndicators Nigeria
'A#Y,/ ~1

.2.64 ;2J66 2.~1 1

15:9,4·24.742 ,0

~
2<68
-?n1 ll: !IYR?n1

-~
~1'1

923 ,.!.!2;22_
~
923,710.00
184.7,2
2.-69
20U('IR20U)
172.8t6 :51 7.00
2..68
923,170 .00
189.7·5
I 2014 1'7®141
r,4 75 9~6.00
-m71'0'
21).6
U3.2 2<1. ~Jol_:_
'I:-~
;2,016
II'R2<1161

'" "''"J>'•':I".,""'
~
.. 46.00
o .-t $.1.-90 a cay (2PU •PPP) (<JI, of
. 53.4 7
"-- I -------------· I
,.
populatiOn)

GNt. A_tlas method (9urrent US$ ) '·" f 61

-:.-5 I 2_33_01U78,8~
l2 59 36
626 ,4 64986890.6
5
I 514.021.4' /k'

GN I ~t)efc.a;prta, 29(),0
£
.270 100 "" 2,170.00 2,680 :00
~ ~ . IV ~ , I /~ ,:.L'!' :;l . .O, _!L .'I':::t , _J. IV..,t;~ _
:Ss I m ,682,A56.o'tci 1 Oli' .437,744 664 . 1-;6!>6.:~:-ib .~JJ .fl
G~.AAP, lr'l:temat~onalj

~~ s ) f'107<)
99 !L6
L.95o_:OO 3 :9~0.00
45
A,!1.70,0
"5 9jl ~ N
'·0; •
llr)()Ome -sh&r:e , -5~1
Lrf.e .exeestancy at 'birth ,ltotal (yeO\r-S) 5"0.8i 5!1..33 51.74 5:2.111 5 2.44 i>j.fs··
Fert11tt;y1 5,84 5 .80 S":1i" 571
'(birtMJpet 1,900 women~ 15· UU8 U0:73 U9 .50 U8.2.8 U 1.05 11.4 .4 7 111.89
1-48:01 ~32 :82 m>!IS
_.!"~_
., .,y~-d_Si
,6 ,9<) :l4 .10 14•W Ul.l.!) l 3,50 16.1.0
1.$49) "
f(% ofi\ota1) AiTo "'""38.ii
rMor,tali:tytfate, un:der-"5 1(per 1 .00.0 ~i:o~eibirths) ___ _ ~ 1•8 6:80 120.90 tl6.60_ ...!]][
~tight,, ~~eig~ ,fe-r ilge {% W ~Ph ildr en 31 ,00
un~-5.)
35.19 :..5.1,0 U.1[) U .40 19,80
( ' of ohildl:en ae s :1,$,23 lmonth.!)_ ~ 33J00 ~
r:'l !t'ate, ~to.tal (% of !t'elevant age ,gro~o~p) To:i9 ~.9.U 13 .3.~ '7 6 ,05
9.2~9o '83.~M
~ ..!!.!.L
35.1.0 38,90 ~
1.- 0.19 0:._8.;'2 0 :8~ P:88 O:j<) 0 .$1
rP•rrtyin,de~tf4GP;t)
""i.10 ~ 3;50 """3;5o" "'3.40 3:30 20 ~.'20 .,.
~
e iJ)I'Otecte..d ar~i s -(% of!f.otal !lemtorial
'9J641 10.1•6 11$~
.ar,o) · II
Aon.ual1 .,......,•.~­ 1, ttotal l(% of internal
6:ja 1 5,93
r.es,<tUf.Cl~)
~ 63.AO I 64,50 --sr- ~
-n:
T1M M"•·
tmpro~ed -santta
Urban !f?PUiatio
Enercy use (kg of oil equivalent per c~
~
694:66
~
1,2 4 747 .10 ~ 7 4~
30.50 30.20
4}
"'"'29.30"
4"A8 -.
~

;:: emtSSIOI"''S (metnc tons per caprt.a) ---r.40 M4 o.ss I 0.1 ,49 ) ,58 0 .59
6lectric po.wer oonsumption !kWh per caert.a) 1'26.! ii9.95 135.64 149.31 155.85 141.
208,064 ,753, 76 _. ~ 570 . 411.743,801 Hi. 4~~ 5 14 966 2a 1. 2~: 1 ssa .oga 93~.7ft4 o 1 4 8fw., tt;:--r.
GOP (Qurrent VS.S)
5 47 36 39 64
GQP 1crowth (annual %)
7.84 - 5 .: ~
ln1\ation. GOP' 35.28 ill s;
""'26.03 2.85 37 .05 3.89 21. "'·"
""'52:2'1 ----:21 26:
Se:MOes. etc., value added (%of GOP) '2"i}'6 52.
Exports of goods-and -Hf\ltou (?rio of GOP) 5i:"f3 1~-~
fJ_1fX>11.s of goods •nd servtce$ (~ 19:65 2.4'5
tal fortNtion ('! of G.D 7':03 ~ .09 ~
~~~ciudMg ·e:rants (%of' .14
,US/d~iolt (%of GOP) ·.'5 6
~ .·60 30.60 . ~ ')

~!sector _NOt GOP) L85 _ _!;.!£

i p revenue(% of GOP) .98
0.79 0.79 !58 .58 Qj
o:o- """'0:02 'AS 5 7':96 ~
f';
lnteme:.t users {per 100 peof"e) """'0:06 Ts
:le-~~:.ports) 0.69
60.00 f>

~ 64.02 6o.'94 34 . 41.

e ~x {200j • _100) '88.61 ""'iOO:oo .1:716..6.2 1-s..29 184. "'2'20:'5 1 .n __ ____......212£_
~t:eal ~«..~ . (~ ~(000 . C.IMI •nt liS.$ ) ~
_{)_
Ql::ooo ~
0
).()
__()_
~
_()_
o.o
_{)_
1 "· ~
_()_ 01
--.iis, 6,716.oc.
0 ~~-es· 199.000.00
· -ro~i!fdebt'Wiliii.{% 0fexPOfU~~ . .seey~ and
I 0.60 1 o.e~
·~·
3!].&0 8 .f~ lA4 0:'/.4 !LOS oA t (}.ti l
«>o;ooo-:-o
~(current US$) J.. :.o~1 . 789 .<5ff. ll."V
_!_ .E._ 2 8 0
~~ I 20.7~7 U2.~4 '-~ I 20.$.29l1i.ftl1.J7 I 2G.65t':'J2':' ~~· f,

·ffOf,elgndK~-in~s.tf;I"'CM''( ,nedr~.ws tB<iP . ~ent:tiS$> :.( 6,55 .8.49 16'3 71$

~- ~ ~iJ11 de~elo~ a~ance
r~1~ed (current US$)
¥1'td.of:flct.i-liK:.i' .,.,.,,,! 1 'f"S :fOO ,vvv:VV ...... ,, !1.1651 t0Jo.ooo.oo I 2 :os1 :aoo:ooo1oo IJ;I;( F.1"i .2A76180.00<

Source: World Ban k Onli ne

Page 113
TABLE 18: GDP GROWTH IN SELECTED SECTORS OF THE NIGERIAN ECO NOMY (5 8 )

Source: Worl d Ban k (2014). Nigeria Economic Report

2015 GDP per Capita (US$)

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

Source: Chart constructed f rom Wo rld Ba nk (on lin e databank)

FIGURES: 2015 GDP PER CAPITA (US$) FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES.

Page t 14
TABLE 2 : COMMERCIALIZATION -READY PRODU CTS OF NIGERIA'S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORG ANIZATIONS KEY INDUSTRIAL SECTORS (LI MITED TO CR ITICAL ITEMS)
- " - ----.
NARtCT .. ,. ,.... ,.,... National Research Instit ute for NASENL ............. National Agency for Science and
I Chemical Tec hnology Engineering Infrastructure
RMRDC ............... Raw Materia~ Is Research and NllEST.. .............. Nigerlan Institute of leather Science
Development Council and Technology
NASRDA.............. Nationa l. Space Research and NNMDA............... Nigerl~n Natural Medicine Development
Development Agency Agency
NITR. ........ ... ,, ..... Nationa l Institute tor NOTAP................ Natiooa l Office of Technology Acquisition
Trypanosomiasis Research and Promotion
SHESTCO ........... Sheda Science and Technology FII RO ......,.... ,........ Federa l l.nsti.t ute of Industrial Research,
Complex Oshodi
N8RRI. ................ Nigertan Building and Research NABDA ....... .,., .... N~tron a I Biotech no logy Development
Institute Agency I
ECN.................... Ener~ VI Commission of Nigeria PRODA ................ Projects Development Institute
-
STATUS
INDUSTRIAL READY FOR
PR.ODUCT PRODUCER PENDING
SECTOR. COMMERCIAL
PATENT
~lZATlON
fA. AGRICULTURE' A.1 Pesticides NARICT X
AND AGRO. A.2 Fertilizers NARICT X
ALLIED SECTOR A.3 Animal Feeds NARICT X I

A.4 Bio-organic Fertilizer NABDA X :

I I
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor NABDA/ I i
A.5 X
System SHESTCO
I
Flash Dryer for Cassava Flour
A.6 RMR DC X
Production ,·, ."
Organic Fertilizer from Palm
A.7 RMR DC X
Kernel Waste
Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer ·]
I

A.8 SHESTCO X
for Urea I

Stabilized Plant Growth Hormone 1

i
A.9 and Organic Fertilizer from SHESTCO X l
~
Moringa Olefeira
A.10 Neem Oil NAR ICT X I j
Neem Bio pesticide i
A.11 NARI CT X
A.12 Azadiracthin (export grade) NARICT X i1
A.13 Hydrated Lime NARICT X . ~
l

A.14 Fruit Juice NABDA X I '1

A.15 Sorghum Malt FI IRO X
A.16 Carbonated Fruit Juice FII RO X
A.17 Tomato Paste/Ketchup FII RO X
-
A.18 Edible Mushrooms and Spawns FII RO X
A.19 Cassava Noodles FII RO X
A.20 Moringa Oil Food Supplement RM RDC X
A.21 Cassava Peeling Machine FII RO X
··-
A.22 Motorized Plantain Slicer FII RO X
A.23 Manual Ginger Slicer - FII RO X
-
A.24 Cassava Pelletizer FII RO X
A.25 Flavour for Palm wine FII RO X
A.26 Simulated Palm wine FII RO X
A.27 various Food-Cutting Devices FII RO X
.
Page 115
 . -'
Cassava Pettelizer and Juice
A.28 FII RO X
Extractor
A.29 Mango Chip Drye r RMRD C X
B. MANUFACTURING B.1 Processed Hydrated Li me NARI CT X
SECTOR B.2 Ind ustrial Che mical Products NARICT X
B.3 Leather and Leather Goods NARICT X
B.4 Footwear Designs (Products) CHELTECH X
B. 5 Bagaruwa Processing Machine NASENI X
B.6 PRODA Schoo l Pencil PROD A X
--
B. 7 FIIRO Bar Soa p FIIRO X
B.8 Gums, Glues and Adhesives FIIRO X
B.9 Neem Ant iseptic Soap · FIIRO X
B. 10 Kenaf Fi ber FIIRO X
B.11 Silk RMRDC X
B.12 Essentia l Oil Processing Plant RMRDC X
B.13 Glacier Putty RMRDC X
B. 14 Calcinated Kaolin for Paints RMRDC X
Industria l Tha umatin Production
B. 15 RMRDC X
System
B.16 Cellulose from Agric Wastes RMRDC X
B.17 Fabricated Spray Driers RMRDC X
B.18 Laboratory Chemicals RMRDC X
-
B.19 Aloe Vera Gel RMRDC X X
Technologies for Processing
B. 20 Kas linite, Baryte, Phosphate, Talc RMRDC X
and Soda Ash
Natural Rubber Reinforced with
B.2 1 RMRDC X
Spent Plastics
B.22 Alkyd Res in using Rubber Seed RMRDC X
B.23 PRODA Porce lain Insulator PRODA X
B.24 Small-scale Salt Processing Plant RMRDC X
B.25 Sawd ust Burner FIIRO X
c. MINING SECTOR Technologies for Processing
C.1 Minerals-Kaol in', Baryte, RMRDC X
Phosphates, Talc and Soda Ash
C.2 Laterit e Grinding Machine NBRRI X
D. ENERGY D. 1 NARICT Biof uel NARICT X
(POWER) D.2 Biogas f rom Organic Waste NABDA X
SECTOR NASENI Ecofri endly Smokeless
D.3 NASENI X
Stove
D.4 Small-scale Hydropower Plant ECN X
D.5 Improved Woodstove ECN X
D.6 Solar Home System ECN X
D.7 Solar Cookers ECN X
- -·
D.8 Solar Dryers ECN X
D.9 Solar Water Heater ECN X
D.10 Solar Sti ll ECN X
D.1 1 Solar PV Appl ication ECN X
D.12 Biogas Digesters ECN X
D.13 Wind Turbine ECN X
D.14 NABDA Biofuel Plant NABDA X
D.15 NASENI Hyd ropower NASENI X

Page 116
•

D. 16 FIIRO Biofertil izer FIIRO X

Wind Pu mp for Energy HEDI of
~ D. 17 X
Generation NASENI
~ ~~

E. OIL AND GAS

None
SECTOR i i
'
! ' F. i
CIVIL F.1 Briquettes Production System NBRRI X
INFRASTRUCTU F.2 8-Mould Brick Ma king Machine NBRRI X
•

; RE SECTOR F.3 . Manual Brick Making Machine

:
NBRRI X
' Electrohydraulic Brick Ma ki ng
F.4 NBRRI X
' Machine
Interlocking Brick Ma king
F.5 NBRRI X
Machine
F.6 Laterite Grinding Machine NBRRI X
'
' F.7 Laterite Mixing Machine NBRRI X
~ ~

F.8 Manual Paving Stone Machine NBRRI X

F.9 Pedestrian Roller Compactor NBRRI X
~

Fiber Concrete Roofing Tile-

F.10 NBRRI X
Making Machine
Clay Roofing Tile-Making
F.11 NBRRI X
Mach ine
Motorized Briquetting Machine
F.12 · RMRDC X
for Wood and Agricultural Wastes
G. INFO~MATION & Barcode of Lite for Generic
G.1 NABDA X
CQMMUNICATIQ Mapping
N TECHNOLOGY Natural Rubber Reinforced with
(ICT) G.2 RMRDC X
Plastics
High Resolution Satellite-
G.3 NASRDA X
NigeriaSat-2
H~. ENVlRQNMENTt H.1 Pesticides NARICT X
~

WATER AND H.2 Tissue Culture Techniques NABDA X

HEALTH SECTOR Digitized Tse-Tse Fly Distribution
H.3 NITR X
Mapping System
ECOSAN-Ecological Sanitation
H.4 NABDA X
System
~~

H.5 Neem Antiseptic Soap FIIRO X

NASENI Primary School Science
H.6 NASENI X
Kits
NASENI Secondary School
H.7 NASENI X
Science Kits
H.8 Deep Waterwell Drilling Rig NASENI X
H.9 Herbal Arthritis Ointment NNMDA X
H.10 Herbal Cough Syrup NNMDA X
H.11 Herbal. Mosquitoes Repellent NNMDA X
Silicon Centrifugation System fo r
H.12 NITR X
Blood Parasites
H.13 Tse-Tse Fly NITISE Traps NITR X
~

-·--
H.14 NARICT Insecticides NARICT X
Malaria and Hepatitis Band C
H.15 NABDA X
Rapid Diagnostic Kits
H.16 Special Traps for Black Flies NITR X
Glossina Mass Production
H.17 NITR X
System

•
Paget 17
 • Deve lopment of brake pad fro m palm kernel sh el l
• Nig r State's energy-efficient wood stove project completion
In add ition to the accomplishments of FMST initiatives and co lla borative (w ith FMST ce nters)
projects listed above, there have also been other adva nces at laboratories operated by other pu blic
agencies, t he private sector, academic inst itutions and science and technology initiatives operated by
the sa me categori es of orga nizations. The challenge now is t o increase the scale and intensity of su ch
research , development and entrepreneursh ip support organizations to the extent that can make positive
impacts on Ntgeria ' s productivity, GDP growth and the qual ity of life of its citi zens. This is the target of
Nigeria 's NSTIR 2030 Roadmap.
Recently, PWC (215 ) developed and published econo mi c growth projections fo r 32 of the largest
economies in the world. They collectively account for 84% of the global GDP. It is projected that the
average growth rate will be just in excess of 3% per year fo r the period 2014-2050. Global economic
power shift is expected to continue from the established economies of North America , Western Europe
and Japan for the next 35 years. By 2030 , two important emerging economies: Mexico and Indonesia
wi ll beat UK and Fra nce as regards th eir economic powers expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP)
terms. Nigeria and Vietna m are expected t o be the fastest growing large economies over the analysis
period up to 2050. Table 3A shows the projections for each of the 32 countries. Therein, Nigeria 's GOP
projected rank rises from 20 in 2014 through 16 in 2030 is the sunset of this NSTIR 2030.
Implementation of the pol icies, programmes and projects described in this document will advance
Nigeria to achievement of th e ranks proj ected by PWC.

1.5. Opportunities and Benefits of Scie-nce and Tech Improvement and Deployment in Nige-ria,
Although NSTIR 2030 is a long-term plan , short-medium term events can generate necessary
adjustments in overall plan while the major targets remain relatively stable. Essentially, short-medium
term opportun ities to congea l systems toward attainment of NSTIR 2030 will not be ignored. On the other
hand, the strategic nature of NSTIR 203 0 will aid and factor into the configuration of tact ical systems to
address short-medium term needs. On e of such short-term p)ans is the National Economic Recovery and
Growth Pla n (NERGP) that focuses on t he following objectives:
I
• Macroeconomic policy improvement
• Economic diversification
• Com petitiveness improvement
• Social inclusion
• Jobs creation
• Education
• Science, technology and innovation
Science and technology is an enabler of the planning and .implementation of th e NERGP 2017-
2020. Apa rt from the analytical com ponents such as models, simulations, designs and monitoring
systems t hat ca n support t he first three objectives, science and tech-supported entrepreneursh ip can
generate ventu res wh ich wh en given th e right policy framework and financing, can generate jobs and
promote inclusion.
2015 was the sunset of the Millen nium Development Goals (MDGs) programme that was initiated
by the Un ited Nations. Nigeria was active in the programme and used it to frame some of its socio-
economic development projects as descri bed in the 2005 report (56). Its successor programme-the
Susta inable Developm ent Goals was initiated in 2015 to cover the period up to 2030 which is
incidentally, the t imeframe for NSTI R 2030 as well. There is then the opportunity for SDG 2030
programmes to overlap beneficially with t his plan.
As described in Nigeria's Industrial Revolution Plan published in January, 2014 (24). systems are
pla nned t o make industry th e dominant job creator and income generator up to 2020. The specific
targets are to make Nigeria the prefe rred manufacturing hub in West Africa ; become one of the top 2
man ufacturing hubs in West Africa; and become the source for supply of low-medium-technology
consumer and industrial goods domestica lly, and regionally. The plan which is outlined in Appendix 1,
Page 118
covers the creation of 8 general-purpose Specia li zed Industrial Cities in strategic locations along
transport alignments, c:reation of 6 Technol ogy Innovati on Clusters and improvement of services at 27
Free Trade Zones. These facilities will present more op portunit ies for sc ien ce-and technology-catalyzed
industrialization and create j obs fo r Nigeri ans. NSTIR 2030 which has many entre preneursh ip elements,
can catalyze the prod uction of goods that meet the standa rds specified by internationa l markets in trade
agreements. An example is the African Growth and Op portun ity Act (AGOA) of the United States. The
benefit would be an increase in the quantity and quality of exports to t he United States under the AGOA
agreement. AGOA provides duty-free import quotas on about 6,400 products to merch ants from eligible
countries.
Nigeria has a large youth population , presently estimat ed by UNIDO at about 68 milli on. About
41.6% of young people are unemployed , and it is estimated that 4.5 mill ion people enter the j ob market
1

annually while absorption is only 10%. Science and tech nology ca n be deployed on a more intense level
to create knowledge-based industries across many econo mic sectors to absorb youth. Approaches to
doing this have been detailed in this NSTIR 2030. As an example of t he Sand T-based j ob t rai ning and
support system with respect to reduction in unemploym ent, the quad ruple partne rsh ip of UNIDO,
Industrial Training Fund (ITF), SMEDAN and the Federal Government 's Nat i.onal Ind ust ria l Skills
Development Programme (NISDP) targets the provision of Industry-d riven training to Nigerian youth on
various t rades. The current subsectors and product categories of Nigeria's manufacturing systems are
presented in Table 38. The industrial sectors and the ite ms list ed provi de guidance to Nigeri an
manufacturers for engagement as well as serving as targets for training of Nigerian artisa ns and other
industrial support personnel.
Another program·me-the UNIDO-HP LIFE Entrepreneurship programme whi ch has bee n
implemented since 2008 through partnership with Hewlett Packard (HP), provides tra ining to students
aspiring ent repreneurs and small business owners on the use of IT to create and grow t heir businesses.
A survey was conducted on about 23,571 students (220 ) to gage the performance of the LIFE
programme. The following results were obtained.
• 675 had started their own businesses
• 5197 found jobs in their field of choice
• 355 are presently employed
• 159 new enterprises have been created
• 505 additional jobs were created as a result of the enterprises created by the progr11mme's
graduates.
Nigeria's ICT infrastructure is growing. Analyses by Adamu (19) Indicate that as at 2013, the
opportunities and challenges were as follows
• More than 30,000 km of inter-city fibers already laid
• High volume of unutilized capacity due to dupl ications
• Vertical transmission gaps
• High cost for end uses
• Mobile broadband operations were launched in some cities.
The opportunities can be exploited and challenges addressed to expand this critical sector of
socio-economic development to spur industrial activities and create j obs.
Nigeria has abundant natural: petroleum, gas, solid mineral resources and a wide va ri ety of crops
and other economic plants. The sea is open on a coastl ine that extends for about 852 km along t he
Atlantic shores in the Gulf of Guinea, covering a mariti me area of about 46,000 square km. Marine
resources can be exploited and harvested using innovative t echn iques that science and t echnology can
support. Among the sectors that can benefit from this engage ment during the next 5 years are f isheries,
aquaculture, wave energy systems, tourism/hospitality, energy systems (harvesting of energy f rom waves
and tides) mining, oil extraction from the deep sea , shipbu ilding and marine transportation . New jobs
can be created through expansion of opportunities in these sectors with the application of science and
,.technology.
It is common knowledge that utilization of steel has indexed industrial development of many
technologically a.dvanced countries in the last one hundred years. Nigeria's quest for industrialization

Page 119
must by necessity, involve the mi ning of iron an d product ion of stee l in large quantities and internationally
competitive costs. All t he ra w materials required to make stee l are avai lable in Nigeria as noted by many
analysts (93 , 21). The prima ry resources needed are iron ore , coa l, natural gas, and limesto ne. As early
as 1958, Nigeria started its efforts on th e development of a vibrant steel industry. However,
mismanagement and lack of susta in ed t ech ni cal expertise and systems t o utilize t he products in t he
production of goods ravaged Nigeria 's efforts. Recent effo rts t o revive st eel-mak ing pla nts in Nigeria will
provide th is critical mat erial to support tool fabrication , construction and vessels production. Particularly,
heavy ind ustries t hat steel can support would red uce unem ploym ent and bui ld a stabl e technological
base for Nigeria.
As shown in Figu re 4A, implementation of the recently developed Nigerian Industrial Revolutio n
Plan (NIRP) requi res input of advances (plans, methods , and proj ects) f rom seve ral sectors of the
Nigerian economy. In t he illustration shown in Figure 4A, science and technology features as a primary
component of the indust rializati on plan of Nigeria. NSTIR 2030 is designed as the mechanisms and a
set of initiat ives and proj ects t hat will be input as the scientific and technological contribution into NIRP
to enable its effective implementation. Figure 4B shows and effective interaction of STI processes that
can create knowledge and physical asset s t o accele rate systems towards atta inment of industrial
revolution in Nigeria.

~LE 3A: CU RRENT AND PROJ ECTED GDP RANKINGS OF COUNTRIES UP TO THE YEAR 2050 (215)

2014 2030 20! 0

Projected
ppp ProjeC-ted GOP
GDPat PP.P GDPatPPP
rank
Country
(2014 US$bm) CfJuntFY (2014
Countpy atP/JP
IJS~hl'll
(2014 US$bn)
1 China 17 ,632 China 36 ,112 Ch ina 61,0 79
2 United States 17.416 United States 25.451 India 42,205
3 India 7,277 India 17 ,138 United States 41,384
4 Japan 4 ,788 Japan 6 ,006 12,210
5 Germany 3,621 Indonesia 5,486 Brazil 9 ,164
6 Russia 3.559 Brazi l 4 ,996 Mexico 8,014
7 Brazil 3 ,073 Russia 4 ,854 Japan 7,914
8 France 2 ,587 Germany 4 ,590 Russ ia 7,575
9 ~ ~d~es ia 2,554 Mexico 3,985 Nigeria 7,345
10 United Ki ngdom 2 .435 United Ki ngdom 3 ,586 Germany 6,338
11 Mexico 2, 143 France 3.418 United Ki ngdom 5,744
g Italy 2_.066 Saudi Arabia 3 ,212 Saudi Arabia 5,488
13 South Korea 1 ,790 South Korea 2,818 France 5,207
14 Saudi Arabia 1,652 Turkey 2 ,714 Turkey 5 ,102
15 Canad a 1 , 5 7~ Italy 2 ,591 Pakistan 4 ,253
16 Spain 1,534 Nigeria 2 ,566 Egypt 4 ,239
17 Turkey 1 ,512 Canada 2 ,219 Sou.th Korea 4 ,142
18 Iran 1,284 Spain 2,175 Ita ly 3,617
19 Austra lia 1,100 Iran 1.914 Canada 3_.583
20 Nigeria 1,058 Egypt 1 ,854 Philippines 3 ,516
21 Thailand 990 Thai land 1,847 Thailand 3,510
22 Egypt 945 Pakistan 1,832 Viet nam 3.430
23 _Polcll1d 941 Australia 1,707 Ddll!;lc>Ut:::OI 3,367
24 Argen ti na 927 Malaysia 1,554 Malays ia 3,327
25 Pakistan 884 Poland 1,515 Iran 3 ,224
26 '"'"""""u" 798 Ph ilippines 1,508 Spain 3 ,099
?7 _Malaysia 747 Argentina 1,36 2 South_Afri~ 3 ,026
28 Philippi nes 695 Vietnam 1 ,313 Australia 2 ,903
29 South Africa 683 Bangladesh 1,291 Colombia 2 ,785
30 Colombia 642 Colombia 1,255 Argent ina 2.455
31 Bangladesh 536 South Africa 1,249 Poland 2.422
32 _yiet~m_ 509 ""'" '"'' '"' 'u::. 1,066 Netherlands- 1,58 1
Source: IM F WEO database (October 2014) for 2014 esti mates, PwC projectio ns for 20 30 and 2050

Page 120
 ~

TABLE 3B: SUB-SECTORS AND PRODUCT CATEGORIES OF NIGERIAN MAN UFACTURING SYSTEMS (24)

A. FOOD, BEVERAGES & TOBACCO

• Beer • Tobacco
• Starch and other Miscellaneo us Food Prod ucts 1: Biscuits and Bakery Produ cts
•

• Flavouring · • Animal Feeds

• Soft Drinks and Carbonated Water • Poultry
• Flour and Grain Milling • Sugar
11 Meat and fish products • Distillery and Blending of Spi rit
• Tea , Coffee and oth er Beverages • Cocoa , Chocolate and Suga r Confectionery
• Dai ry Products • Vegetable & Edible Oil
• Fruit Ju ices • Palm Oil and Pal m Oil Produ cts
• Rice Processing

B. CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICALS

• Medical and Special Gases
• Soap and Detergent
• Petrochem icals, Plastics
• Agro-Chem icals (Fertilizers and Pesticides)
• Pharmaceutical, Safety Matches, Domestic
Insecticide and Aerosol
11Dry Cell Battery, Petroleum Refineries,
Gramophone Records and Musical Tapes, Cand le,
Printing Ink, Toilet ries and Cosmetics
• Ball Point Pen , Basic Industrial Chemicals,
Automotive Battery
• Paints, Vanishes and Allied Products

C. BASIC METAL~ IRON AND ST~EL AND FABR.ICATED METAL PRODUCTS

• .Steel Pipe • Enamel Wares
• Metal Packaging • Welding Electrode
• Foundry • Galvanized Iron Sheets
• Metal Manufacturers and Fabricators • Nail and Wires
• Primary Aluminum Producers • Steel

D. NO~METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS

• Glass • School Chalks & Crayons
• Ceramics • Cement
• Asbestos

E. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

• Electronics • Electric Bulb Lamps, Accessories & Fittings
• Refrigerators & Ai r cond itioning( Domestic • Electrica l Power Control & Distribution Eq uipment
Appliances • Cable and Wi re

F. TEXTILES~ WEARING APPARELt CARPET, LEATHER/ LEATHER FOOTWEAR

• Textile & Wearing Apparel • Footwear
• Leather Products • Cordage, Rope and Twine
• Carpet and Rug

G. PULPt PAPER & PAPER PRODUCTS, PRINTING & PUBLISHING

• Chemical & Stationery • Pulp, Paper & Paper Products
• Printing, Publishing & Packaging • Sanita ry Towels & Diapers

H. MOTOIRVEHICLE & MISCELLANEOUS ASSEMBLY

• BoaVShip Building • Bicycle
• Automobile Components • Motorcycle
• Electric Generators Assemblers • Horology
• Miscellaneous Machine & Equipment • Motor Vehicle Assemble rs

I. DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL PLASTIC & RUBBER

• Rubber products I • Domestic and Industrial Plastics Foam
J. WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS {INCLUDING FURNITURE}
• Wood Products and Furniture (Excluding Metal Furniture) Plywood & particle Board

Page 121 ..
 \
I NSTIR 2030 .. I
FIGURE 4A: THE INTERLINKAGES OF NIGERIA'S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PLAN (NIRP) NOTING THAT NSTIR 2030
FILLS THE SLOT FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (24)

direct demant effect

~~
~~
~ ~I'
5'
0.
tv1;:~ ~
Public ~ New Commercial SUPPLY Overall
Research 3 Products and Econom~c Acttvity
Fundi g ~. Processes
EFFECT b

direct plus Induced demand effect

AGURE 48: CONFIGURATION OF INTERACTIONS AMONG PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND KNOWLEDGE CREATION
ORGANIZATION THAT PROMOTE INNOVATION

Page 122
 2.0 FEATURES OF NSTIR 2030
2.1. The Obj ective~ of NSTIR 2030
This Nigerian National Science , Techno logy and Innovation Road map NSTIR 2030 cove rs the
period 2017-2030 which is longer than the periods of coverage of previous science and technology plans
and policies, nati onal development pla ns and sectoral plans. It derives from amalgamation of t he
objectives and mech anisms that were proposed in those categories of pla ns through detailed analyses,
reconciliati on of techniq ues, and f rami ng of plans within strategic contexts. A compendium of the key
pla ns is provided in Appendix 1 of this document. The objectives of this 2030 are t hose of Nigeria's
Nationa l Policy on Science , Technology and Innovation (STI ) of 20 11, which has been re-affirmed in

- seve ral meetings of sta keholders (11, 12), but recast with focus on strategic processes and
I impl ementati on. The NSTIR 2030 objectives are presented below.
• To provide a long-te rm science and technology framework, support mechanisms f or industria l
revolution in Nigeria.
• To facil itat e the creation and acquisition of knowledge f or production, ada ptation , replication,
utilization and technologies to support Nigeria's t echno logical and sustainable development
aspirations.
• To support the establishment and strengthening of organizations, inst ituti ons, st ructu res and
processes for rationalization of decision-maki ng and coordination and manageme nt of STI
acti vities wit hin an institutional ized national innovation system .
• To encourage and promote the creation of innovative ent erprises that can beneficially utilize
Nigeria's indigenous knowledge and technologies to produce marketable goods and services
that compete with others in the global market.
• To coordinate and support the development of science and tech nology infrastru cture to
enable significant research for productio n of methodologies, models and data to support
Nigeria's socio-economic development pla ns.
• To catalyze the conversion of deliverables f rom development to commercialized products that
particularly maximize the use of Nigeria's home-grown t echnologies and raw materials.
• To facilitate and support the creation and up-to-date mai ntenance of re liabl e dat abase on
Nigeria's STI resources and activities.
• To improve and implement effective STI commun icat ion systems for enlighten ment of the
publ ic about the critical role of STI in livelihood and inculcat e STI culture in Nigerians.
• To devise and implement systems for identificatio n and pru ning of STI tal ent at all ages and
educational levels in Nigeria through support and incentives to bu ild a strong long-term
workforce.
• To enable the implementation of sectoral pla ns and development pla ns at the State and
community levels through injection of STI su pport.
• To coordinate the planning and catalyze the implementat ion of strategic projects such as
those of space exploration, advanced computing, telemedicine, robotics advanced navigati on
systems, nanomaterials that can accelerate the emergen ce of Nigeri a as a tech nologically
developed country.
• To create and susta in rel iable mechanism fo r adequate fun ding of STI acti vities in Nigeria.
• To create a platform for cultural reorientation of Nigerians to science and technology as a
utility in life on a daily basis.

2.2. Key Features and Approach

2.2.1. Screening and Lncorpomtlon ot Prevlo~tJs Plans
As time progresses, some elements of plans become irrelevant wh ile others may still be relevant
depending on the evolution of circumstances. For example, plans t hat may have bee n made seve ral
decades ago to install fixed line telephone systems throughout a region are now inappropriate and
uneconomical due to advances in technology and life style changes that now favo ur mobile telephone
systems. Also , the period of coverage of plans matter. If a plan is f ocused on short term needs, the
Page 123
 approach to addressing the identif ied cha ll enges shou ld be tacti ca l. For project ed , longer term needs,
there is increase in uncertai nty about visio ned scen ari os. So, the approach to planning extended systems
should be strategic with al lowances for so me modifications as true configurat ion of factors unfol d with
1e time.
lS At least 220 documents have been reviewed to support th e deve lop ment of t his NSTIR 2030 .
ne Among them are reco mmen dations and pol icy statements developed by individuals, com m ittees and
s, commissions since Nigeria's independence In 1960. More recent national develo,pme nt plans have been
~y
reviewed in greater deta il Plans t hat req uire the deployment of STI were ident ified and analyzed fo r
's fra ming and inclusion in this Road ma p. Th is is particularly t rue t o recent plans and roadmaps developed
in by various Ministri.es of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Many elements and pla.ns of Nigeria's Vision
1d 20:2020 whi ch are sche mat ically illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 , are still current, not only because year
2020 has not come to pass but because a reasonably good job has been done in identifying sector-
al specific factors, needs and opportunit ies t hat still need to be addressed.
The Fede ral Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST) t hrough its Establishment (National
n, Science and Tech nology Act, CAP 276 of 1977 ), and the subsequent FMST Act No. 1 of 1980, has the
nt mandate for coo rdination of STI policy and support activities in Nigeria . It has organized itself into the
units shown in Table 4 to play its mandated role. The primary focus sectors of the units of FMST and
roles that t hey will conti nue to play with greater intensity, on implementation of NSTIR 2030 programmes
ld
and project categories are presented in Table 4. Although STI is essential to all economic sectors, it is
Tl
particula rly required for any advance in industrialization of a country. For this reason , the components of
Nigeria's Industrial Revolution Plan (NIRP, 2014) have been illustratively linked to programme categories
~e
of NSTIR 2030 as shown in Figure 7.
~s

2.2.2. Time-framing of Plans and Projects

to The strategic time-frami ng of NSTIR 2030 requires that it be segmented into shorter
•rt programme/project implementation pe ri ods to enable proper budgeting and tactical effectiveness
toward atta inment of strategic goa ls. As shown in Table 5 , the implementation period ~1 as been broken
at into t he fo ll owing time segments.
• Short term (20 17 -2020), 4 yea rs
• Medium term (2021-2025), 5 years
• Long term (2026-2030), 5 years
Actually, it is more concept ually convenient to view the duration labels as being pertinent to
initiation of time frames f ro m 2017 wit h short-term programmes term inating within 4 years; medium
term ones t erminating withi n 9 yea rs; and long term ones terminating within 14 years, all expressed with
id
respect to 2017 although th ey may not begin that early.
m
2.2.3. categQrlzatitm of Projects and Programmes
ld Categorization of proj ects plays a role in stressing the context and expediencies of the projects
concerned. In universities where projects tend to primarily serve educational and general knowledge
3S objectives, it is customary to configure analytical units into very basic/pure knowledge units (e.g. Dept.
)n of Biology, Dept. of Materials Engineering, etc.). However, in a federal/mission-oriented research institute
lly or cent er created to tackle a specific set of problems, the arrangement of research configurations which
can be reshuffled from t ime to time as needed, needs to reflect the specific mission. Th is helps in
reminding the programme personne l of each unit that deliverables are expected on the issues for which
the unit was configured. Consequently, t he specific categories of programmes required to accomplish
a the objectives of NSTIR 2030 have bee n formulated first, with the objective of letting personnel units to
be configured to fit them as opposed to f ormulating programmes to serve the interests of existing units.
Current personnel configurations may not be appropriate for strategic programmes. The categorization
of NSTIR 2030 programmes and projects are presented below.
• Science policy an d program mes support activities
nt
• Science and tech nology infrastructure improvement
ral
nd • Research and development intensification
ne • Training and talent depl oym ent
he • Technology deployment and commercialization
Page 124
 • Sclenee Ute racy lmprovement;stake holders' engagement
• System mon itoring eval uati on and improvement
2.2.4. Establishmen t of Linkages to Sectoral Roadmaps
As earlie r mentioned, many Ministries at the federal level, state agencies, the private sector and
academic instit uti ons have been developing STI road maps that cover va rious sectors of the Nigerian
economy. Although FMST does not have operational control over those entities and their programmes
and projects, it can provide national coordination as provided for in its mandate. The ir coord ination with
in cent ives fo r syn ergy and collaboration among groups with similar STI interests wi ll move the country
speedily towa rd atta inment of the goals of NSTIR 2030. In Append ix 1, t he specific key initiatives covered
by various national and sectoral plans/ roadmaps are llsted. The relevance of FMST's activities ln each
of the previously listed programmes areas, as well as specific research catego ri es, are also in dicated.

2.2.5. Provision of Opportunities for Collaboration

Collabo ration on programmes and projects are usually possible whe n and where there are
co mmona liti es of interests and overlap of initiatives. Wh ile replication of initiatives may be minimal in
FMST centers, institutes and units due to centrally operated approva l processes, the sa me may not be
true across various units and agencies of the Federal Government. Furthermore, there may be cases in
which units of organizations that are outside the jurisdict iona l control are simi les of th ose bei ng
implemented. In the forme r case, realignment of assign ments may red uce wastage of resources. In th e
latter case, it may be opportunity to pull together resources and collaborate to achieve greater results.
The first step is the identification of opportunities for collaboration . NSTIR covers many activit ies
such as publication of journal articles, newsletters, brief ings and press releases; organ ization of
conferences, semina r, and special broadcast; and general calls for collaborators. These program mes
and activities can alert potential collaborators about existing and evolving opportu nities such as those
listed in this NSTIR 2030. In Appendix 2, regulatory Acts of t he Nigeria legislature dating back to 1999
are posteriorly analyzed with respect to the technical req uirements for t heir successful implementation .
i- -
Many stakeholders of such regulations would have wanted to have the guidance herei n supplied, to
address their concerns about the configurations and provisions of some of the regulations during drafting
stages or seek information on their implementation stages.
With respects to units of non-FMST Ministries and agencies, Appendix 3 is t he list of the maj or
entities that operate in the key industrial sectors that are covered with the program me areas of t his
Roadmap as indicated . The same is done for professiona l bodies and associations in Appendix 4 whi le
several universit ies and associations are listed in Appendix 5 for cont act and collaboration when and
where possible.

2.2.6. Special Targeting of tmno;vati~n and lts Dlttuslon

Innovation is a non-traditional way of doing th ings with gains on the targeted objectives.
Innovation can manifest as better approaches, processes, models, techniques, materials, syst ems,
technologies or products. In the sustainable development targets of Nigeri a, innovation will derive
primarily from creation and use of knowledge to improve planned systems and/or existing syst ems.
Intensification of research and development is the key. FMST operates seve ral resea rch centers and
institutes in key technical areas of knowledge. Severa l tra nsitions to entrepreneursh ip support activities
have been made recently. Nevertheless, research and development act ivit ies of these units need to
improve dramatically to the scale needed for realization of t he objectives of NSTIR 2030. The research
and development programme of th is NSTIR 2030 has bee n treated in greater detail in Section 3.3 of this
document. Specific projects and programmes are configured to promote R & D, t he commercialization
of its products and dissemination of information on innovation t o stakeholders.

2.2. 7. Linkages to African and Global ltlltlatlves amd Plans

Nigeria is a leading country in Africa and very im portant geopolitically at th e globa l scale. The
Nigerian diaspora embark on many deep professional act ivit ies and achieve international excel lence in
many fields of human endeavor. The country is also looked up to by many other cou nt ries t o provide II 1
diplomatic and professiona l leadership. It has been a lead er and contributor to peacekeeping operat ions
in many counties. Thus, Nigeria must by necessity, be a key player in the formulation and implem entation
of STI-based Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Ulilit ed Nations wh ich will cover the period
Page 125
 and
·rian
mes Th
with
mtry
3red
!ach
h \ rn sse th e
d. t. I !'ll il n cl • C..tnnul.-..h• p •uu.l• y p 'ldd(..\I~Ul h) t'fltlilll'\" tt
coanpet•l•v, .,, •..,.., ol 'IJ~ "'' !0. n. I ~t h>~
PnNgte o f i t s • ~••llllt•'--.c!tntl",· nl( r ~.,.c;.. pHxtucts,On ot proc-:.., ~~ <llld
p copl i'lmt nn•lut.hh.uf ly<,...,.._i-..t 11 ...... p~;. ll

r ponsib ly · Stu nulato? d - '"~"'tK" ,1nd H•f\'l(]ll \J.ld • 11 \ V..lh.u-• ~• (t<hug

() b dl " ' .. ~· · vu. '"'

are (' XPIO(b • 'itr('nqthf·•• !ll"lkac:J·~ h~·t"'..._.n "-\.''! -...·... h..·rs.of H"-" '"-"''" ,.'W
tts n<lturil l
al in ndo rvrn nts
to ll ilf<ll'l l "
't be hig h st a nd a rd
• () " k"lfH·HKa<'nt (Kt"Oun1a b lt• tr ,uv. parcnt
..Hltl !}al \KIJ.kll('>J {J('I V('rtVI!We
~sin of living ancl • Fs' "h a c-onlt,)e\1\lvf.." boo;.ule o;, en,·u(UlnWnl <"" 1Kuactert7P<1
ftU il lit of lit (' t o b\ ~U~\~II"lC'O fll,)Cf<~0f101111C <,l.Jbihl\'

eing its e: ttizefl.S.

• fnhanl.<" 1'\ationat S<"CUnl\1 etnO lnlPHW(" thE"
OljUS l iCC
actm•~·us\fah~.>~t

1 t he
• Pro• note u n ity 1n ctvc,c;.•h. nahor'lal pride. and Ut£'
~OIV,i'IV0 \10}1 01 Uw natt()l\ SCUII Uftll hcrit~<"
• ~vclop s uJ1 •oenl dllli c lhi. ·~n\ ht l •~· .. t r uchJI t o <;.t•ppon
Its. su"<t~ l ll.P(1 ccono.rntc grQwth
(i_I;Ul: $.QQ1h• • Pfi''i.t"IV(> t tl(' COVIIOI11l"lt"lli 101 su .. talr\at>.ICSOCIO CCOflC'flN(,:
ities ~ ~llllil<t {kovc40prncnt
• PJornote t he su'j.ta111ahW ll~· ... ,•topnwnt o f Ntqfona. .;
n of GDP:S400Q gt_~c;..-pOh l iCo.\ 1 r Y-101\S IJit\.l C( OI"'II'flioC QIOWth k· <;.

mes
1ose
.999
lion. AGURE 5: THE THREE PILLARS OF NIGERIA'S VISION 20:2020 DEVELOPMENT PLAN (198)
j , to
fting

1ajor
this
vhile
and
• Set Prioriti s • Targ t Setting
• Est~blfsh Dire ti f) · • Sud ting

ives.
:!ms,
:!rive
:!ms.
and • Changing Direction
•ities • Program Analysl • Regular Reporting
~d to • Pr ~ m Impacts
arch • Evaluation
'this f Prioriti s
3ti on

• Statutory R p rts
The • Other Repcrts
:;e in
1vide
ti ons AGURE 6: KEY MANAGEMENT PROCESSES FOR TRANSLATION OF VISION 20:2020 FROM INTENT
3tion TO RESULTS (198)
od

Page t26
 Local ~o~Mtnn•~

FlGUIRE 7: ELEMENTS OF THE NIGERIAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PLAN (NIRP) (JANUARY 2014)
AND SUPPORT THAT THE NSTIR 2030 PROVIDES

Page [27
4: FEDERAL MINISTRY O F SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNITS AND AGENCIES AND THEIR APPROPRIATE ROLES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NSTIR 2030

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS OF APPLICATION NSTIR 203 0 ROLES
TECHNOLOGY (FMST) UNITS AND OIL
ENV.,
S/N TRAINING TECH . M ON IT.
AGENCI ES CIVIL WATER SCI ENCE
AGR IC. MANU. M INING ENERGY & ICT POLICY INFRAC. R&D & & EVAL.
IN F. & LIT.
(non-administ rative units) GAS
HEALTH
TALENT COMM . IMPROV . .

Renewable and Conventional '

:1..
· Enere:v Technolof!!:v Dept
X X X X X X X i
I X
Environ mentaI Science and
2 Tec:hnology Dept
X X X X X X
- .. ~ -

3. Sioresoumes Tec:hnology Dept X X X X X X X X ' X

Science and Technology Promotion X.
4. Dept.
X X X X X X X X X X X X
I
5. Health/Biomedical Sciences Dept
'
X X i X X X X
- .,

6. !Finance and Accounts Dept. X X X X X X X X X X

--' ' ...
Human Resources Management
7. Dept
X X X X X X X X X X
---

8. Procurement Dept X X X X X X X X X X
I
9. Special Dut.ies Dept X X X X :
X X X X X

10. ' Reform Coordination Dept X X X X X x : X , X X X

1\dministrative Sup,pont Units: Legal '
i
11.. lUnit, Internal Audit. and the !Press X X X X X X X: X X X X X X X X
Unit
'
12. Chem·ical Techno1ogy Dept X X X X X I
'
X X X
Techno'logy AcQuisition and i
13- : X X X X X X X · X X X X X
Assessment {TAA} Dept
tnforrntation and Communication
14. X X X X
· Technolo~v (ICT) Dept
P:lannin_g, Research and Policy
15. X X X X X X X X X X X
Ana~vsis (PRPA) Dept
"

Raw Materials Research and Polic-y

16. X X X X X X X
Development Council (RMRDC}
Page ~ 28
 \

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND I ~ EY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS OF APPLICATION NSTIR 2030 ROLES
TECHNOLOGY (FMSn UNITS AND ENV.,
S/N OIL TRAINING TECH. MON IT. .
CIVIL WATER SCIENCE
AGENCIES AGRIC. MANU. MINING ENERGY & ICT POLICY . INFRAC. R&D & & EVAL.
IN F. & LIT.
(non-administrative units) GAS TALENT COMM. IMPROV.
HEALTH
.National Office tor TechnoJogy X i X'
17. X X X X X X X X X X ' X
Acquisition and Promotion {NOTAP}
Nat ional Agency for Science and
18. X X X X X X X: X i X X X X
Eni:ineeriog Infrastructure {NASENI)
federal Institute tor Industrial
19. X X X X
Research. Oshodi (ARO)
Projects !Development Institute
20. X X X X X X X X X X X X X
· (PRODA)
National Board tor Technology
21. X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Incubation (NBm
Nigerian Building and Road
22. X X X X X
Research Institute {NBRRI)
National Research Institute for '
23. X X X X X X X X X X
Chemical Technolot!v {NARICn

24. Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN} X X X X X X X X X X

Nigerian ·Institute of l eather Science
25. and Technology {NILEST)
X X X X X
Nat ional Space Research and ' I
26. X X X X X X X X
Deve·lopment A~encv (NSROA}
National Biotechnology
27. X X X X X X X X
Development A~encv {NABDA}

28.
National Institute fo.r
X X X X X
TtVpanosomiasis Research (NITR) ,, .
Sheda Science and Technology
29. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
I Comp'lex .(SHESTCO}
Nigerian 'Natural Medicjne
30. X X X I X X X
DeveJopment A,~encv {NNMDA)
Nigerian Centre for TechnoJogy
31. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Management (NACETEMl
Nigerian Institute of Science
32 X X X X X X X X X X X X
laboratosy Technology (NISLT} I
I
I

29
 Page I 29

TABLE 5: MAJOR SECTORS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT (NSTIR) 2030 ROADMAP RESPONSIBIUTIES AND CONSTITUENT
PROGRAM M E SCHEDULES

PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZAnON IMPLEMENTAnON SCHEDULE

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ' 29 30
ASSOC
~ '

A. SCJBNCE POL1CY SUPPORf PROGMMMES AND ACn VITIES

A.1 MOBIUZAnON OF THE NIGERIAN INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES FOR GROWTH AND DNERSIFICAnON OF THE ECONOMY . .,

Creation of t he National Science and

A.1.1 Technology Advisory Groups in key • .. ..
economic sectors I

A.i2 Institutionalization of a special science tax • • .. ---, ~ '

A.1.3
Commissioning of an Annual Nigerian
National State Science and TechnoJogy
Report
..
I
• • • • • • • • • • • • . ;

Establish policies and programmes for

A.i4 Popularization of science and technology • ! • •
Jna/1 MDAs
Collaborate with appropriate Nigerian
A.1.5 agencies to enhance Implementation of • • • • •
local content programmes.
Work with the Nigerian Congress to create I
A.i6 and enforce made in Nigeria rules in all • !
•
government contracts
A2 REWARD S)STEM AND INCENTNES IMPROVEMENT
Establish a new remuneration package tor
A.2.1
S&T protessionals in government
• • • i •
Implement National Sci,ence and
I Technology Support Awards in .key sectors:
I
Biosystems, manufacturing, science and '
A.2.2 tech, policy, agriculture, h,ealth, ICT and • •
space systems, mathematical sciences.,
chemical systems and sc.ience
communications
A.2.3
Create three parallel remuneration tracks
J.n federal science and technolol!Y
• • ..

Page 130
 PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZAnON IMPLEMENTAnON SCHEDULE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ASSOC
-- .- ... '

establishments: administrative, technical;

and entrepreneurship
A3 ' MANDATES REVIEW AND ENFORCEMENT
I
Enforce compliance with the Acts of '
A.3.1 Estab.lishment of Nigeria 's science and • • I

tech. agencies and .institutions

i
Work with the Federal Ministry of
Education to enforce the 60/40
A.3.2
science/art admission ratio and increase
• • •
I
it to 70/30 by 2030
·--···, .
Double budget allocation to science and
A.3.3
technology every 2 years up to 2030
• • • • • • •
... . , --··-··
Work with the Federal Ministry of Finance
and the Due Process Office to formulate a
policy that requires the allocation of 5% of
A.3 .4
every budget of N200 million and above to
• ! •
science and technology support in federal
contracts.
B. SCIENCE AND TiECHNOLOGY INlFRASTRUCiTiURE !IMPROVEMENT
8 .1 INCREASE IN SHARE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN GOP .FROM 4 TO 40% BY 2030
i
Cre.at.e and implement
8 .1.1 technicaVvocational infrastructure grant • •
program
' .Direct construction and PPP-formatted '
' i
operation of e.1ectric power stations and '
8 .1 .2
water supply systems to industrial dusters
• • • ' •
and Rand D stations .in Nigeria
Set up of materials testing!quality '
i i
i
8 .1.3 assurance Jaborat,ories ·in each of the 6 • I
• ' I

geopolitical .zones of Nigeria

Development of a GJS-capable National
8.1.4 Data Repository in collaboration with • • •
statistics agencies
I

... SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS

----- LGAS SHORT TERM
-~
M EDIUM TERM LONG TERM
.

1
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE ACAD CORPS FOUND.
GOVT. GOVT. . &INT. 17 1.8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30

1 82 : SPACE TRAVEL TO INSTALL 3 MORE NIGERIAN SATEWTES AND .IMPROVEMENT :;;c

CYBER.-/NFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORTS& T...SASED
· . ENTREPRENEURSHIP

8.2.1
Establishment of a Nationa.l Science and
Technololtv Information Repository
.. .
Space travel to launch at least, 2 more
8.2.2
advanced Nigerian sate/Jites and
establishment of mission control and data
• • • • .. 0
• • • • 0

center in Abuia
8.3 IMPROVEMENT OF FINANCING OF LARGE-scALE INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Creation of a Science and Technology
8.3.1 Bank with productivity~focused rules and • •
lending
.. . ,
.
Provision of tax and other incentives to
8.3.2 commercial ban.ks to fund projects with • •
histh science and tech utilities '
lower interest 1rate on 1indostriai/S&T
tacmties improvement ~oans by 200%
8.3.3
without requirement of collateral (Govt
• • •
I
'
assumes risks}
C. RESEARCH AND OEVELOPMENif INTENSIFICATION
C.1 RESEARCH RESOURCES UTIUZATION IMPROVEMENT
Categorization o f aJJ research and
development entities .in Nigeria with
C.i1 respect to the 10 focus areas and their • • • .. • •
alignment with federa lly sponso.red 1
'
research centers fo r coll.aboration
Development of a d irectory of experts .in
C.1.2 Nigeria and their focus with storage i n
coded, editable format
•
I - •

Creation of a National Sc.ience and

Technology Library or library section to
C.1.3
store both paper an,d electronic copies of
• • • • 0

articles and books.

Pa,ge ~ 3:2
 PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 . 29 30
ASSOC
Work ~ith appropriate Nigerian agencies
C.1.4 at various jurisdict1ona;f levels to improve • .. • •
library resources in Nigeria
C.2 IMPROVEMENT {TRJPUNGJ OF RESEARCH .PRODUCTIVITY OF FEDERALLY..SPONSORED 'FMS rJ LABORATORIES
Open up research staff employment
opportunities to foreJgn eJ(perts on
C.2.1
contract basis and advertise vacancies
• • • •
globally
Establishment o.f centres of excellence or
center suites of exceJience to focus
C.2.2
research on eac.h of the Ten nationally
• • • • • • •
target research areas,
.Increase the ratio of research and
technical personnel to administrative
C.2.3
,Personnel in federa.1research centers and
• • • • • • •
laboratories to 8/2.
Form external and qualified technical
panels :to evaluate the research
C.2 .4 productivity of FMST Centers both at the • • •
. organizational and indivi-dual researcher
levels .
Expansion and intensification of research
C.2.5 in FMST centers and ·labs on each of the •
10 thematic areas. (see Table 10).
C.3 IMPROVEMENT OF ALIGNMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED CENTERS AND .RESEARCH WITH NATIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TARGETS
Initiation of a research justification
assessment programme for all fed,erally
C.3.1 funded centers to ensure .a lignment and • •
contribution to national development
targets
Development and use o.f a uniform
C.3.2 designation an,cl cataloging system for • • •
reports form government funded projects

Page 1 33
~ '
-·

.... .. ""' l ...-rill a1 I I L I - I IMPLEMENTA110N SCHEDULE

 .-·-- - .--.-- · -~ - ] I I I r
I
I .1' -::J :I
I Page I 33
-··
--..--.-- -

I
_._ -..---· ~ ---
I"RRMMY IEW"o22I IIIILE . . . . . . . . . .............. .:HBMILE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. &. INT. i.7 1.8 i.9 20 2i. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ASSOC
C.4 PROVISION OF INCENTIVES TO PRNATE SECTOR ORGANIZA110NS IN R&D INVESTMENT

C.4. ~
Establishment of prog ram support for
large R&D joint ventures fo r companies • • • • • • .
that are in the same industly
Opening up of Nigeria's current national
C.4.2 research support programme to both • •
public and private institutions '
1

Creation of a Nigerian National Research i

'
I
Foundation to support investigator-
C.4.3
JnJt.iatecJ research in nationatly impo.rtant
• •
thematic areas
Annual National Research Gaps Synthesis I

C.4.4 (ANRGS) to support engagements by • • • • • • • • • • • • " •

Nigerian researchers and institutions
Collaborate with the Federal Ministry of
Education and Ministry of National I

C.4.5 Planning to provide grants for publication • • " • • " • • "

of STEM textbooks and technical guidance
manuals in key development issues
Creation of 5 National Research Chairs a t
I
t he Distinguished, Senior and Junior levels
C.4.6
in each of the 10 t hematic areas (tota.IJy
50) for 10 year-periods every two years to
• • • .
, . • •
'
be administered by t he Nigeria's National
Merit Agency (NNMA)
D. f iM INING AND T.A!UENf DEPLOYMENT
0 .1 , TRAINING CURRICULA IMPROVEMENT
Incorporated entrepreneurship training in
0.1.1 the cu ~ricuta of Universities a nd . • •
Polytechnics
'

0.1.2
Implementation of an FMST artisan
•
training programme

Page ~ 3 4
1
I -· pqer33 il

...................,...
-~~~---.--- --~-__,..,.,., ... ~~ .

l"'ffiMAAIYIIWWG I . . . _ . . . .
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT"IERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AN D KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. i.7 2i. 22 2<1
18 i.9 20 23 25 26 27 28 29 30
ASSOC
C.4 PROVISION OF INCENTIVES TO PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN R&D INVESTMENT
Establishment o.f program suppo.rt tor
C.4.1 large .R& D .Joint ventures for companies • • • .. . .. .
that are in the same industry
Opening up of Nigeria's current national
C.4.2 research support progr._amme to both • ..
public and private institutions
Creation of a Nigerian National Rese.arch
C.4.3
.Foundation to support investigator-
initiated research in nationally impottant
. •
thematic areas
'
Annual National Research Gaps Synthesis
C.4.4 (ANRGS) to support engagements by .. . • . . • .. . • • • .• . • ..
Nigerian researchers and institutions
Collaborate with the .Federal Ministry of
Education and Ministry of National
C.4.5 Planning to provide grants for publication • . . 1

1
.. . "
. " "
of STEM textboo.ks and techn.ical guidance
;
manuals in key development issues '

Creation of 5 National Researc.h Chairs at

the Distinguished, Senior and Junior .levels i
C.4.6
in each ,of the 10 t hematic areas (totally
50) for 10 year-periods every two years to
. . . . " " "
be administered by the Nigeria 's National
Merit Agency (NNMA)
ID. illMINING AN OTAlfNT DEPLOYMENT
D.1 TRAINING CURRJCULA .IMPROVEMENT
Incorporated entrepreneurship training i n
D.1 .1 the cunicul.a of Universities .a nd • '
. • '
Polytechnics

Implementation of an FMST a.rtisan

D.1.2
training programme • !

Page ~ ,34
 PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS ;
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. 17 18 19 20 21 22 ' 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ASSOC
. ' .
Use about 30% of the National Youth
!
Service Corp year to train and br:ie f
I
0 .1.3
graduates ,on science and technology and
• • • •
' I I

associated opportunities I

D.2 CREATION OF DOMESTIC OPPORTUNfflES

--
Create and operate a Nigerian science and '

0 .2.1
tech, diaspora engagement programme
with allowance for up to 3 --year sabbaticals " "
and foreit.n-site,at~large roles '
-- , -- ' - . -- ~ -. '

Create a scientist-Jn,government and '

0 .2.2
Scientist in enterprise support program " " • •
--- , .
I
Create science and Tech, internship
0 .2 .3
programmes in federal centers and
laboratories for students at the rate of
• • • • • • •
1
. " •
! '
2000 per year
0 .3 EXPANSION OF ROLES AND OPPORTUNmES IN THE FOREIGN ARENA FOR NIGERIAN SCIENCE AND TECH. PROFESSIONALS
' Categorize and solic.it African continental
I

. .
I
and global professional organizations to
0 .3.1 set up and operate their headquarters in • • • • i • • • It I • . I

• •
I
Abuja in a specially constructed low-rent i
I campus
Initiate collaboration with Nigerian tourism
agencies to provide incentives for trade
0.3.2 organiz.ations to host international fairs • " 1

and science and tech, I

summits/conferences In Nigeria
0.4
GENERATE INTEREST ANO AWARENESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ANO TECHNOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF AFRICANS IN GENERAL ANO NIGERIANS iN
PARTICULAR
- --
Create scient ific heritage programmes for
0. 4.1 TV broadcasts (documentaries and live .. I
,. •
discus..sions J
Name streets and monuments after
0.4.2
eminent scienti~~ and analysts
• • •

35
 ----·-..----. -·
- !)

. . . . . . ~,..........__.~ .. ~-~..!'.- ....... - ........

PRIMMY~OilaMIIZA11GN ...__MION.cHBMU
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT laM MEDIUM laM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS
GOVT. GOVT. II INT. :1.7 18 :1.9 20 2:1. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ASSOC
E. TECHNOLOGY DE.PLOYMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION
E.1
PROVISION OF TECHNICAL AND ENTERPRISE SUPPORT TO INCREASE NIGERIA'S TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT LEVEL BY 400% IN 2030 RELATNE TO
2017 FOR TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT ·- .,
Channel a m inimum of 20% of SME funds I
£.1.1
to commercialization of R and D results
• 1

• •
i Create the Department of Technology
£.1.2 ' Policy ,a nd Planning In the National • •
Planning Commission {NPC)
Create technology incubation centers in all '
major Nigerian cities as a collaborative
£.1.3 • • • • • • " • • • • • • • • •
. among government, corporations, Banks .
and Universities I
...
E.2 ATTAINMENT OF 30% SUBSTITUTION OF THE VALUE OF .IMPORTED PRODUC1S IN NIGERIA BY 2030 -- ..... -- ----
Establish a legal frame work for
progressive growth of local technologies
E.2.1 • • •
and increase in raw material content of
manufacturing industries in Nigeria
Establish an electronic system for
acquisition processing, storage and
E.2.2 dissemination of information on new and • '
advanc,ed materials to researchers, i
entrepreneurs and policy makers.
'

I Require that a.ll federa1.1y sponsored

£.2.3
institutions must establish research,
development and commercialization units
•
'
.
under a dedicated Deputy Vice Cha.nce#or
1 !
·~ ..

Require eac h fe,clera lly funded -institutrio.n

£.2.4 to report on result of industria./ and • . I
I

entrepreneurship activities annually

E.3 INCREASE THE NUMBER OF SCIENCE AND TECH BASED COMPANIES IN NIGERIA'S INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS AND PARKS .BY 300% BY 2030
.Provide incentives such as energy-share
and low rent facil.ities to companies at
E.3.1
government initiated industrial cluster
• • • ' • •
parks
-

Pa.ge 136

-··--~-·-

- --- ·-·
 PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS LGAS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
AND KEY PROGRAMMES FED. STATE FOUND.
ACAD. CORPS "'
GOVT. GOVT. &INT. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 . 28 29 30
ASSOC
..... ----

Site branches o.f appropriate government

E.3.2 research laboratories at the industrial • • • •
parks ..
IF. SCIENCE UflS.RACY JMPROVfMSNJ .4!ND PULBUC /STAt(EHOLDERS !ENGAGEMENT
F.l SCIENCE LITERACY IMPROVEMENT
F.1.1
Establishment of a science and technology
museum
• .. • •
' ---- .... -- ~

Strengthening of existing science

F.1.2 programmes through junior engineers and • • •
technicians c.tubs - ,...; - ~

Strengt.hening ot Sand T talent hunting

F.1.3 through Catch Them Young S&T Clubs • • • • •
throughout Nfgeria
Implementation of national sc.ience and
F.1.4
technology compet.ition
• • • • • • • #
•
. .
F.2 DIRECT SCIENCE ADVOCACY AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
Implement biwe.ekly science and I
I ~
I
technology brie.fings on television and
F.2.1
radio in English and local languages using
• • I • • • • • • • • • • • • "
I
Nigerian experts I

I
I
F.2 .2
Establish permanent sites tor S&T Fairs at
State and Loc.a l Government levels
• .. • !

Serialize th.e biographies of eminent

Nigerian scientists and ,engineers in
I
F.2.3 newspapers and television using the • • . • • • • • • •
I NNOM Awar-d Winner's lists and other non-
political lists I
--- ' -
Implementation of an Annual Technology I

F.2 .4
and Innovation Exposition Wee.lc in
collaboration the private sector,
• • • • • • • . . • . .• • • It
• . .
acad~mia, the state and t.he press

37

• <-,.....,_;;:; •...!·

- Diii:Ziiiit:ii~~··· ~· :: A p
:.I
 SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT SECTORS
AN D KEY PROGRAMMES I
30

Initiate a programme of Science Diffusion

F.2.s
at the Local Level {SDLL) in which weekly
I scientific b.r:iefin.gs are given by ,focal •
t.eachers and corpers in local languages at
• I • I • I • I . ............. ........ .........
the villa&,e level
COMMERCIAL SECTOR ENGAGEMENT PR<
Establish 8 programme by which
Chambers of Commerce identify
F.J .l 1 knowledge gaps and needs that confront I • I I 1'-' ~ . . .. fl I I • I • I • I • I • I • I • I • I • I • I • I • • •
them in efforts to increase productivity

• • •

Create a depoliti()ized nat1lonal

G.2.2 :t develo pment aspiration polling program • • . • • • ..
for science and tP~hn ntn6v

38
 2016-2030 is co inci dent with this NSTIR 2030 which covers the period 2017-2030.
Acco mplishments derived from the implementation of the various programm es outlined in Table 5 wi ll
count f or both Roadmaps.
Concerning soc io-econom ic development of Afr ica, t he venerable ea rly pan-Africani st-Dr. Kwame
Nkrumah stated in his f irst speech at the found ing Summit of t he Organization of African Unity (OAU , now
AU) in Add is Ababa , Et hiopia on May 24 , 1963 that "we shall accumulate ma.chlnery and establish steel
works iron foundries and factories; we shall/ink the various states of our continent with communications
; we shall astound the world with our hydroelectric power; we shall drain marshes and swamps, clear
infested areas, feed the undernourished, and rid our people of parasites and disease. It is within the
possibility of science and technology to make even the Sahara bloom into a vast field with verdant
vegetation for agricultural and Industrial development•. Indeed Africa has now developed its Agenda
2063: the Africa we want which ta rgets contine ntal sustainability, renaissan ce, and economic
Iindependence driven by science and technology as wel l as cultural awareness. The specific aspirations
of Agenda 2063 (221) are state below.
1. A prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development
2. An integrated continent, politically united and based on t he ideals of Pa n-Africanism and the
vision of Africa 's Renaissance
3. An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and t he ru le of law
4. A peaceful and secure Africa
5. An Africa with a strong cu ltural identity, com mon heritage , shared values and ethics
6. An Africa whose development is people-driven, relying on the potential of Af ri can
especial ly its women and youth; and caring for chi ld ren
7. Africa as a strong, united and influential globa l player and partner
In planning attainment ofthe fir'St aspiration. the pla n advocates the emergence of "well-educated
and skilled citizens, underpinned by science, technology and innovation for society in whi ch knowledge
Is the norm and no child misses school due to poverty or any form of discrimination" achievement of
Africa's Agenda 2063 requires heavy investments in STI. Wit h t his realization , the African Union
Commission worked with many partners to develop the Science, Technology and Innovati on strategy for
Africa 2024 (STISA-2024) (222) with the priority areas state in Table 6A. an inspection of those priority
areas indicates t hat t hey reflect most of the focus areas are of NSTIR 2030. Thus, during implementat ion
of the programmes of th is Road map, extension to dovet ail wit h STISA-2024 act ivit ies wi ll be possible.

LE 6k THE PRIORITY AREAS OF THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND IN NOVATION STRATEGY FOR AFRICA 2024
(STISA-2024) (222)
PRIORITY AR.~ I DETAILS
Eradicate Hu nger Agricu lture/ Agro nomy in terms of cultivat ion tech nique, seeds, soil and climate
1. I and ensure Food and I: Industria l cha in in terms of conservation and/or transformation and distribution infrastructure
Nutrit ion Secu rit and techniqu es
Prevent and Control ll Better understa nding of endemic diseases - HIV/ AIDS, Mala ria Hemoglobinopathies
2. I Diseases and ensure • Maternal and Ch ild Hea lth
Well-bein • Traditional Medicine
Com mun ication • Physical co mmun ication in terms of land, - air, river and marit ime ro utes equi pment and
(Physical infrast ructure and energy
3 1
· & Intellectual Mobility) I • Promoting local materials
Inte llectua l commu nicat ions in terms of ICT

4. I
Prot ect ou r Spa ce
I:• Environmental Protection includ ing. climate change studies
Biodiversity and Atmospheric Physics
Space technologies, marit ime and su b-maritime explorat ion
ll Kn owledge of t he water cvcl e and river svstems as well as river basin management
Li ve Togeth er - • Citi zenship, History and Shared va lu es~
Bu ild the Society • Pan Africa n ism and Regional integration
5. I • Governan ce and Democracy, City Management, Mobi lity
• Urban Hydrology and Hydraul ics
• Urban wa ste management

6. I
Create Wealth
I:•
Ed ucat ion and Huma n Resource Development
Exploitat ion and ma nagement of mi neral resources, f orests, aquatics, marines etc.
Ma nagement of water reso urces

39
 Tracking of Competition by Other Countries
Competition in the global markets is a factor in the distribut ion of we alth, stea lth , and health
nations. Nations t hat are highly prod uctive produce goods t hat beat out others in competition
the result ing generatio n of revenues and jobs to improve soci oeconomic conditions domest ically.
sta kes are high for the deployment of STI to support soc io-econo mic development systems of
Many cou ntries have syste ms in pl ace for improvement of their STI performance. The graph of
innovation ra nking index versus GDP per person (at purchasing power parity) presented in Figure
as constructed from data (163 ) shows a positive correlation which indicates that-the greater the
on index, the greater t he GDP per person . As evident in Figure 8 , most of the technologically
need countries that rank high on STI have high GDP per capita. This is the status that Nigeria seeks
implementation of NSTI R 2030.
c Figure 9 shows t he Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) financed
s governments of many countries as a share of their respective GDPs for the period 2005-2013. Of the
I countries studied , Nigeria (at 0.22%) ranked the lowest along with Mexico and Turkey before
Thereafter, Mexico stea dily increased its S&T investment while Turkey increased it minimally.
e 's investment has remained const ant at t he lo"w level. Table 6B and Figure 10 also show t he soc!o-
..,.r.nnlrnic indices of many com peting cou nt ries for cross matching with Global Innovation Rankings.
50c::1o-E~conorn1c advantages correlate with innovation. One of the objectives of this Roadmap is to
'"'""',-c,'n.' the sources of S&T support to increase available resources for input into Nigeria 's STI
mmes so that the country can favourably compete with others within and outside.
Germany has t he EU's largest Innovation syst em. As shown in Figure 11, t he Germa n Innovat ion
Policy consists of 5 core elements: enhancement of competitiveness to increase prosperity; arouse
to promote forward-thi nking, provide the basis for creativity and innovation , increase innovative
""'••n<l1th and enhance value creation, and strengthen cooperation to support implementation. From a
D funding level of 1.92% of GDP in 2011, Germany targeted the level of 3.0% by 2015. All of those
-'•sannr,n:=tl'hes are also covered in one fo rm or the other in NSTIR 2030.
Singapore is another high-technology country that makes huge investments in STI. For its small
this is quite remarkable. Singapore's Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC)
. • --.... -rts four key manufacturing sectors: electronics, ICM, chemicals, and engineering. These units and
interactions are illustrated in Figure 12 (197). Through its GET-Up Scheme, Singapore provides help
r local entreprises to improve their global competitiveness. To illust rat e the co untry's st rategic approach
y STI implementation, a process of t echnology scans was performed by the domestic research
n community, it provided foresights on major social, economic, technological and political trends to the
2020 to enable better fram ing of the country's STI and development plans.
Figure 13 shows the elements of Japan's Vision 2 0 50 program me. The plan is framed with
4 improvement of the quality of life as t he basis. Everything else is tied to it. Treatment and appreciation
international issues are covered . This is rational in the sense that foreign markets have to be
and Japan is a part of the global community. Also, Japan has a very long term plan-Vision
2050 (15). It has broken it into manageable time segments to reduce uncertainty. The policy documents
are followed up with a detailed document t hat focuses primarily on research and development (69). It is
entitled ~contributing to Society through Science. Technology and Innovation" with a prese tation of the
•Hamaguchi Plan ~ in which the following specific objectives are described along with pla ns to attain
: deepening of its close and global partnerships with universities, public research institutes and
industrial partners; refinement of progra mmes and business structures for a more effective and efficient
implementat ion; and contribution to improvement in the quality of life of the people of Japan as well as
sustai nable development of society.
The STI issues offocus by Finla nd are internationalization of its educational system , research and
innovation; broadening of the scope of R&D and creation of new growth enterprises in all sectors with
on SMEs; and addressing of green growth through radical system changes. One notable objective
of this pla n is internationalization. Nigerian universities and research institutes lack foreign analysts.
Nigeria ca n lea rn from this approach which the United States, Canada and European countries have used
perfection. Internationalization brings new talent to host countries. The countries gain from domestic
ar~T"rono if new ideas are assessed wit h local ones. Table 7 shows Finland's SWOT ana lyses with rationale
have made it an industrial power globally despite its small size, harsh climate and small population.
In 2010, Finland's G.ERD was 3 .88% of GOP. There was a plan to increase it to 4 % by 2015. Finland has

40
 0
•
~ .. .

,t) l l •' ..... t~\ \

·\ - - 11

I• I

FlG.URE 8: GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX, 2014 OR LATEST AVAILAB LE

- - : .,------ ,_

.......
'

..._

--·o-- ...
. . - --.. -·--¥~ ·· - ·· · ·· · ·· ··",.·· . ......._
~
"" ~
····· ·~· - ~- - - ---- - - , __. . ... ~--

~~ -
-. '" (' ~ ....,.._
.,.__
...... ~.-:::::0
............. "

....
on
!LS-.

---- -
~

-.----
................ -.~- •n

., ~

4#"0_ 11» ~ ·

.-
~..
Q. ~<O

--;.,;
~ -
. .. n
""""' " ·"'' " -'"''

Source; Adapted from OECO''s Main Science and Technology Indicators, September 2015
FIGURE 9: GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT G.ERD FINANCED BY
GOVERNMENT AS A SHARE OF GOP .. 2005~2013 (%

41
 68: RATIONALE FOR SE LECTION OF COUNTRIES FOR SCI EN CE AND TEC HNOLOGY REVI EWS WITH
RESPECT TO ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION IN NIGERIA'S SCIENCE AND
TECH NOLOGY ROADMAP.
FACTORS OF INTEREST IN NIGERIA'S SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PLANNING AND
· 2015 Global
2014 Global DEVELOPMENT
Human
Innovation Similar High
Development Economic High
Rankings Economtc National High Social Adult literacy
Ran kings Success in Technological
Development Industrial Satisfaction Rate (%) *
Diversity Advancement
Stage Productivity

14 17 27,222 X X X 97 .9 0

2 14 X 43 ,876 X X X 99.0 0

X 56 ,116 X X X 99.00

-+- 2015 Globa l Innovation Ra nki ngs - 2014 Global Human Development Rankings

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180
Source: Chart con structed from UNDP (online databank); Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2015)
AGURE.lQ. CORRELATION BETWEEN GLOBAL INNOVATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT RANKINGS.

42
(£61: ) A8110d NOil\1/\0NNI NV'II\ICI38 3Hl.:l0 S1N311\1313 3CI08 3/\l.:l 3H1 ' ll ~~m)l~

A93.1.VlU.S
HJ3.1.·H9IH
 MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY

Industry
Sectors

BIOTECHNOLOGY

FIGURE 12. SINGAPORE'S STI CLUSTERS (19 7)

AGURE l3~ JAPAN VISION 2050-PR INCIPLES OF STRATEGIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
TOWARDS (15

44
ABLE 7 : THE CHALLENG ES, DRI VERS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE FINNISH STI POLICY (19 5 )
trenCith
1
iot&mational co-o
a very high rat~ of partici1
i ot~mational organisati
- Science and technol
a long-term basis; i
as important
• Wart-functtoliling education. fftSIWth. and inno¥ation
systems
· Openness. intensive co-operation. aod comnetitiveness
of the ifHlovatioo syste.
• A hlg~ proportion of competitive R&D funding
• A hl9h level of edu~tlon among lhe PQDIJ.!atiol
• 6rain drain relatively smaU
• A hlgh proportion of wOOlen. amomg resear~ets and
PhDs by internatlonal standa.rds
• A large numuer of researchers, who mat<;e up a large
pe(centage of the emplo,yed
·Research volume. quallty, and. impact a\ a good
international level .
• Active international paten.tfng
• Finland's good reputatiQn: reliable, safe
• KnowledgE;-intensive buslnesses remalni11g in Finla11d
• GoQd co-operation between busin.ess enterprises and
pubHc research
• Finnish enterprises being internationaJty n.Qtwoekect
Weaknesses and framework conditions
• Str~fl9 d~pend.en~e on global trends
• Remote lo~atton from global market cefltres.
googrnphlcally distant from the cent~s of Europe
Difficulties In relation to attrncUvenes.s and growth:
a small domestie market area, a limited n.umbet of
Inhabitants. a small language area. and. s.evtlre dimate
• A relattvely low level of intemationtltisatlon by Eumpllan
standards
• Umttfld eooo.omle: and intellectual resources; a low
volume of knowledge and competen~ ln man.y fields
and the e:uttlng edge of scientific resear~ In the hands
of a select few
• Pmblems with ve11ture capita~
(amoun.t. a\lailability. matching of demand and supply
• Oeficienciesln marketing and business competence and
in knowledge a11d inno\latiQn management
A small number of spin-off busi11esses frQm unlv~ities
and research institYtiQns
Fragmented research acli.vllles: resQurces allocated to
a large number-of small units
A small number of highly educated lofeign e~pefls.
students. and researchers
· A small number of growth-Qriel'lted enter-prises
, Enterprises a11d pafls of their opemtlons mewing abroad
- Low inflow of fetrelgn dite4llrrwestments: flfl.gt.~Hvc;
bala11c.e of investment
Ooportunities and mean
· Effedrv~ and efficrent nattonal innovtttron envtromll'tli:flt ~
compelttiveness • • rnternationahsahon o
otganisations of the rnnovation system
• An enhanced knowledge base and R&D enwomnen•.
attracting new foreign investments and lntenectual
resources to the country and improvin9 Flnlan6s. positiofl
as ao attracttve reg ron for busrness operations
• Looking for competence where it is best: global and diverse
intemational eo-operation. going beyond the EU
• Compensating for the small size and. goog,raphieal
feffiQteness with acttve, strategically soulld ctl-opemtlo
• Prioritised pooling of limited, fragmented resources
- Open-minded and sufficient support for crea t ivlt~ and iooovalio
· Enhancing fmesight activities and their linkage with
de~sion-making and strategic steefing
• Implementation and productisation of Sii!clal il'llfl\'l.-<atton
Enhancing positions in intematlonal cfroperahve
institutions and R&D organisations
• lmproving thQ organisational and functiQnal structure of
the innovation system and the divisiQn of tasks
Developing busirvl ss and marketing competence
• Creattng a favourable business environment and
promoting entr~~preneurship
SupportJng the creation and growth of businesses that
focus on R&D and exploitation of leading-edge ~PQrtise
Threats
• There is an lntemational eeonomle recession afld d.eclit1e
ln Europe
• Finland does not attract foreign, direct investment,.,
R&D Investments. researchers. and students
• Fin.land is less acliv~ in the EU and global R&D co·operotion
• The operatiQnal foundations of tne E.U become weaket;
more internal conflicts and less comm.itment and ~o-o~rntiofl
• National interests ar~ overemphasised in international
co-operation
• FQcus ls missing: paflicipation in too many prole~ts wl~
scar~ resQurces
• Unks among research and eco11omic developmelilt.
employment. well-being. and Innovations grow weaker
• Olmlnlsl'ling age groups and an ageing population utw1ermr11
tl'le balance of the public economy. the rQom for ecootlmlc
manoouvring. and the supply of highly skilled labol!.l
• The regulatory framework does not support the tt"ansfe
of research results from R&D organisations to businesses
and the commercialisation of results
• Availability of competence in the labour mafket is insufflcteflt
educatkm does not meet labour market 11eeds
• The n.umber of new R&D-intensive businesses decline:
• The favourable development of public R&D funding stagnates
• Business R&D expenditure starts to decline
• Busln~ss.es Increasingly move their operaliQns abroad
• Brain drain increases~ high competence moves abrQal'$
45
TABLE 8: CANADA''S LEGACY OF INNOVATION (194)

Alegacy of tnnovatio

T roughou ur histoty a an ·ion, Canadians 1'1ave b n on r 1n n n ifi an ·ec nolog·c I

acht emen . V ha , tur resear h nd 1c as i o produc JO anr, a healt i r, af r •or1 • Her ar
1

186os - st am au omob le
1870s - telepho e I s andard ti e
188os - ro ary railro d s owplo
1890s - bas etball
1900s - Ro er son sere I ~arquis whea I AM radio
1910s - cho o ndmg 1h dro 011 spe d re ord
1920s - insulin rea ment or diabe es I nov blo Ner I elec ric varia I pi c ircraft propel! r
or Am ric I p rta I t o~ rad1o
19 o - oltag ·controlle electromc musi ynthesizer I fir t g· ui flo n in ombat I co~disc very
of c rbo ~,4
1950 - co~in ention o alkaline dry b er I e t rnal art pacemaker I cobalt bomb radia ion
t er p
1960 · Alouett ci ntific satellite I co·in e io of c arge~coupled de ic
1970s IMA motion p1 tur yst mI Ani omesti ommu lGI •on elhte
utomal d s n he is f DNA eque c
B rry
2ooos - O·Wav On : world's ftrst com ercially a aila le Q antum compu er
2010 ATI AS ba omic p rtide s ns r ( iggs eoson) 1monoclonal antibodies or Ebola rea m I
de ection of microbes in deep Pr mbrian ro •s1high·pr ssur dir t in·e lion na ral gas
di el ngi .

46
 developed an d published a detai led Roadmap for Resea rch Infrastructure 20 14-2020 (189). Nigeria'
,GERD is approximately 0.22% of GDP.
As shown in Table 8 , Ca nada has a long legacy of STI. Many groundbreaki ng achi eve ment s have
resu lted from deep investment in STI and R& D. The country has a very elaborate R& D system with ve ry
many incentives for high-pe rfo rm ers. In its current pla n as presented in Table 9 (194), it is focusin g on
agric ulture, health and life sciences, natural resou rces and energy, info rmati on and commun ication
technologies, and advanced manufacturing. Interestingly, these focus areas are reasonably close
matches to t he focus areas and issues of the NSTIR 2030 research programme. Th us, the re could be
opportun ities for collaboration with Canadian public resea rch orga nizat ions and centres.
New Zealand also has an elaborate research agen cy that su pports its national sustain able
development aspi rations. As shown in Figu re 14, it focuses on ve ry high technology areas that wil l drive
the country rapidly to leadership in high-tech industrial development and national stealth. Some of t he
areas are covered by NSTIR 2030.
Within the continent of Africa , South Africa and Egypt are rough ly in the same geopolitical cat egory
as Nigeria and compete in many realms of human endeavo ur. Figures 15 and 16. show some elements
of the two countries' economic stat us, respectively. Manufactu ring activity Is deeper in South Africa than
in Nigeria. Also, its universities are more international and bette r equipped to advance STI th an Nigeri an
institutions. Egypt is also in manufacturing. It used to host a large number of branches of foreign
companies to its advantage. Its universities are also ranked highly in Africa. Nigeria has to make
significant improvement in STI to restore the country to its rightfu l place as the socio-economic heartbeat
of Africa and strong competitor/collaborator with many other countries worldwide.

TABLE 9 ~ CANADA'·S RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND FOCUS AREAS (194)

• Wdh'l H<'••ilh. ~"'''\lY· -,,,, U1 1ty

• l{lf•H·r ~nolpqy
.. J\(}lr~l( PHHf('

nvironM.-nt • ntl • ~ u q~ )lfl ,l. t">h 1 Hf' \h 0('H~ ot )(\\•V;InC} P h·H)\' <Hlci lHnl fd l ~p<,(>tH(('(', iiOtl\
~)f\ (\H\Vf\fl\t().fh•l C,.()lHfi-,, .
gtlt.vlhn
• r uu ~ ~nJiuuct~y"vn~
• fhrn.;l\'~ ( h nnq,.,. lf'~t·~'\ l fh 1nd It·( ltnntca)y
• Dt'i.l<.h• 1\\ltH)•\ttr_.f\

• Nt ' l!fl\'fh'fh- Hld f)lf'f t 11 t' lh••

nd lif • l {t'Y'I"'f'lf·l l h Vt' t'\H 'dl( HH'

• lh'.11th tn '"' •"lifl() N•lliii,IIICln

• ~l()r"l\f'dlfdl ('f\l l UH'\'fiOU dOd nH du tl h ·l h1H~'\1C)IC'-.

• Att.- ttl •·h:~v\.H ~'»ll,h. ~ lh ,;v\,· I ~~PH h'lll dl 'd , \~ll " " - 1 ~"q
Ut 1\)\..'· H.'' lJY tu\:'lll~lh ~11\\.i UlH. k<ol \:I,. qy
• Btl> VI uoud>
• IJI,Pt'il!l~ ~•..:.~h:ty

• N''\\' IP~·~tl d ,H\Utl, ll t>H . tt HI q,HII :···

• \ tH•UlH\lUt .• t on•~ ll\'l\o\'O•k•• .tl'lt ,,'IV\ ·'
• ( yl.H'I '•"'( ~H Jty
• AUv..,:tttu._·d U..1l o.J l!',t'l....t\1L;tlll' \l 1 J 1)1\.J iy. ;
• M,.,'- l '! \.'"-l\.1 - I)L\1\hHH:<~ ' ·Y">l <" l ll
.. l~lhtl \lllll u IIIPlltHHJ

• Auh)Ut..tlt\) 1 ( u 11. lu du lJIObotn•.}

• L•qhtw,-· 4-ht Uh l tP ,.lh 4.~,-· d h ( tu,o:\_,;_w ·•

• .1\ddtliVl' tHd l\tif,fl ~UIH \tJ.

Ad'll.ttl(. • QU.; IH h U I llh,th,•H •• l
Menuf,-,ttunn • N"ill>h:UIIIUIUllV
" J\"tlhVdtte
<a 1\ltt\lUH.'UV

47
e
ry
n
~n
re
re
le
[e
e

n
n
n
re
t

FIGURE 14: ALIGNMENTS OF NEW ZEALAND'S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (190)

South Africa Manufacturing Production

on~ 1 ~~~u~~· Volu m s 2014 (% of Total)
h

· ta t :A NKC R . rch

in Africa

FIGURE 15: SOUTH AFRICA'S MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION VOLUMES 2014 (% OF TOTAL) (201)

48
 ~gypt
Value add 20

• Agricultu re. value ad ded (% of

GOP

• Industry , value added (% of

GOP)

SetVices. etc .. value add ed (Q

of GOP

Chart . Egypt Eco nomic Sectors as Va lue added (% of GOP) 2015

Sou rce : Chart constructed wit h Data from World Bank Online Source,
http:j/ databa nk.worldbank.org/data; reports.aspx?source=world-<Jeve lopment -ind icato rs& Type= TAB LE&preview=on#

FIGURE 16: CONTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS SECTORS TO EGYPT'S 2015 GDP (201)

3.0 PROGRAMMES, PROJECTS AND SCHEDULES OF NSTIR 2030

The programme categories described in section 2.2.3 , were presented in greater detail in Table
5. Therein, specific ·projects are listed with their schedules wit hin broad project categories. In this
chapter, the utility of the programmes and projects listed in Table 5 are further discussed. Detailed
project lists and prospective collaborators are provided in sectio n 3.3 which deals with research. Figure
17 shows the relationship between NSTIR 2030 and some of t he previously developed initiatives.

1. Science Policy Support Programmes and AetiYities

For the NSTIR 2030 period, project sub-categories that wi ll be covered in this major category are
as follows:
• Mobilization of the Nigerian intellectual resources for growth and diversification of the
economy
• Improvement of reward systems and incentives for STI personnel to enhance performance
• Review of the mandates of science agencies in Nigeria to identify duplications, ga ps and
opportunities
Specific projects within these sub-categories are presented in Table 5. Also, in order to transform
from a developing to a developed country by 2030, Nigeria has t o develop and implement more rat ional
methods for decision making on critical aspects that define its socio-economic well-being. As illustrated
in Figure 18, Nigeria 's resources need to be deployed for development through an ana lytical fra mework
that includes predictions/forecasts and decision support tools. If such systems were sign ificantly
employed in the past, better success levels would have been achieved with the serial nat ional
development plans that have been implemented since independence in 1960. In this rega rd, rational
decision making methods require information gathering and management and non-relegation of
knowledge to the background on critical matters of national su rvival and economic progress, Figure 19
, 49
 the information sou rc ing, st orage and management architecture that the Federal Gove rn ment of
a, beyond the mandate of FMST, needs to adopt to su pport its policies and decision-making across
sectors of the economy.

Science and Technology Infrast ruct ure lmprrovement

The su b-categories of proj ects here are designed to provide infrastructu re fo r the operation of
's STI system . Effective implementation of the system would enable the industrialization and the
ftAn,..n,lont economi c diversification t hat Nigeria will continue t o target during th e fo reseeable f uture. The
I Cluster app roa ch t hat is being initiated to quicken industrialization of Nigeria requires the roles
have been advocated (198) for various stakeholders as summa ri zed in Table 11. As evident in Table
12, much has been done to identify the viab le products which various geo-political zones of Nigeria could
nrnTIT~nly produce at larger in dust ri al scales when the Cluste r Programme is full y implemented The
ry of proj ects here are as follows, and specific projects are listed in Table 5 .
• Projects that will increase the share of the manufacturing sector in the Nigerian GDP from
4 to 40% by 2030
• Projects to sup port space travel by Nigerian astronauts to install 3 more Nigerian satellites
and improve ment of t he Cyber-infrastructure to supportS&T-based entrepreneurship
• Projects to improve f inancing of large-scale integrated science and entrepreneurship
As discussed by Balogun (150 ), investment in infrastructure will improve STI productivity and vice
The infrastructure requ ired cuts across many sectors of the Nigerian economy.

Research and Development llfltensi:f ieation

FMST mainta ins a large network of research centers and institutes. Research and development
is listed in t he catego ries of NSTIR 2030 programmes in Table 5 without deta ils. The subcategories
NSTIR 2030 resea rch progra mmes and projects, as well as their utilities and linkages to technologies
Nigerian economy diversificat ion. The detailed list of research projects that satisfy the National
...,.".. nr· .. Technology and Innovat ion Policy of Nigeria , as well as NSTIR strategic objectives, are listed in

10. In t he later table, each research programme comprises a set of projects ranging in duration
2 to about 8 years. In assigning project s to the various FMST centers/institutes to lead, the following
'- T!:II'Tnrc were considered.

le • The mandate of t he center/i nstitute concerned

his
ed • The historical and cu rrent intellectual strength of the organ ization on the issue and associated
Jre subject matter
• The existence of a continuing project that the organization needs to extend to maximize
benefits to Nigeria's STI and dependent economy
1re • The critical ity of th e f ocus issue and the capacity of the organization to rapidl y bu ild relevant
expertise if it does not cu rrently exist within the organization.
he As discussed in the preceding cha pter, the categorization of research issues do not match the
separation lines that have existed for decades but reflect what is needed to drive Nigeria's STI to
ment of NSTIR 2030 goals. The past and current research programme configurations do not
1ne1ces!;a rily have to be maintai ned for t he next 14 years. The specific research project categories, most
nd which are si milar to existing discipl inary focus areas of the FMST research establishment, are:
• Biotechnology, incl uding Pha rmacology
·m • Health and Nutrition
1al
=d • Environment, Meteorology and Water Resources
1rk • Facil it ies and Networked Systems
tly
al • Renewable Energy Systems and Photonics
1al • Materia l Science, includ ing Na notechnology
of
L9 • Mathematics, Computati ona l and Communication Systems
50
 • Space and Geospatial Syste ms
• Artificia l Intelligence and Robotics
• Science Communicatio n and Tec hnology Diffusion
Fo r each catalogued project under the categories listed above, the lead FMST centers/ Institutes
,are identified and stated in bold while other potential collaborators within and/or outside the Federal
Governments' research enterprise are also listed but not in bold letters.
Mast of the research obj ectives present ed in each knowledge sector be low derive from Nigeria's
1

'national Policy on STI (11) with some mergers of objectives to reflect the issue cat egories and suppo rt
disciplines presented herein. Attention must also be paid to Appendix 1 in which the util it ies of these
NSTIR 2030 research programmes to integrated and sectoral development plans in Nigeria are
indicated .

.3.1. Biotechnology including Pharmacology

The goals of research in this knowledge sector as described in the STI policy of t he Federal
Republic of Nigeria (11) are presented below verbatim.
i. Promoting the understanding of biotechnology and its applications in national development.
ii. Bu ilding capacity and capabilities in biotechnology research and its applications.
iii. Harnessing indigenous knowledge on natural products and commercializing discoveries, as
well as positioning Nigeria in the market.
iv. Ensuring growth and opportunities in the applicat ion of advanced bio-processing and bio-
manufacturing processes.
v. Facilitating brand recognition for Nigerian biotech nology products and bench marking of
progress.
vi. Promoting the documentation and use of bio-genet ic resources and elimination of bio-pi racy.
vii. Ensuring compliance with biosafety and bioethics guidelines in biotechnology R&D .
The research programme planned has great utility t o Nigerian agriculture and manufacturing.
Nigeria is very rich in botanical resources. Following many yea rs of research , many flora and fa una have
been discovered, identified and classified. There is a rich library of crop varieties (192) and medicinal
plants (76) that ca n be t he focus of deeper biotechnologica l research and development efforts to serve
industrial and other socio-economic interests. Presently (199), about 72% of Nigeria's fruits and
vegetable perish before consumption due to lack of processing. In order to illustrate the significance bio-
preservation methods, an official of the Agricultural Fresh Produ ce Growers and Exporters Association of
Nigeria (AFPGEAN) has observed (199) that although Nigeria has about 5 times more arable land than
Kenya , Kenya earned about US$1 billion in fresh product expo rts to Eu ropean markets an nually wh ile
Nigeria struggles to earn just US$ 10 million annually. Biotechnologi cal research can im prove food
preservation as well as the quality of processed materials. A related issue is the sourcing and
improvement of agricultural raw materials to support agro-allied industries in Nigeria. Recently, one of
the largest brewers in the world initiated plans (119) to establish breweries that will use domestic crops
such as sorghum and cassava as raw materials. This will boost production of those crops with socio-
economic benefits to farmers.
Biotechnology also offers tremendous opportunity for diversification of Nigeria's economy into the
high-revenue sector of pharmaceutics. The range of possi bi liti es in this regard is illustrated in Figures
20-25. Many medicinal plants have been identified in Nigeria. An exam ple of a compendiu m published
on such plants is the *'Medicinal Plants of Nlgerla..South-East Nigeria, Volume 1, published im 2 008 by
FMSr-s Natural Medicine ~velopment Agency with the support of the Raw Materials Research and
Development Council (RMRDC) (76)". Many advanced techn iques need to be ern ployed to evaluate
Nigeria 's herbal products as planned by t he Federal Government through NIPRD (120); address the
growing threat of resistance to antibiotics (145); and develop drugs that can address ailments that are
common in Nigeria. With respect to the latter, anti-malarial drugs are a priority.
Drug prices have increased significantly in Nigeria as reported (156). As a result, many fake drugs
are being manufactured and distributed. The development of genuine pharmaceutical f irms in Nigeria
51
 wil l only be possible through research and deve lopment in pharmacology, is the long-term solution
this problem. It is commend able that the 20 17 National Healt h Policy promot es the manufa cture of
icines in Nigeria.

Health and Nutrition

Many health po li ci es and program mes have been developed in Nigeria. Among them are the 2016
IIAt••~n ,;:a• Health Pl an Policy (223), Nati onal Health Management Information System (138) and the
~~t~ti•~n,;:al Strategi c Framework on the Health and Development of Adolescents and Young People in
(144). These policies and programmes need to be intensified , not just at FMST research institutes
universities and hospitals as well.
i. Ensuri ng t hat resea rch priorities are targeted towa rds meeting health and nutritional
requirements and ch al lenges in Nigeria.
ii. Promoting effecti ve lin kages and collaborations among knowledge institutions and industries
engaged in health sector.
iii. Strengthening demand-driven R&D in natural and orthodox medicines as well as
pharmaceutical resea rch.
iv. Facilitating the development of biological diagnostic tools, vaccines and encourage R&D in
alternative and molecular med ici ne as well as genomics.
v. Developing standards for monitoring and evaluation of health products.
vi. Promoting eth ics and standards in research
vii. Promoting documentat ion and dissemination of natural health resea rch

f Youth Sports and Tourism

In addition to research obj ecti ves on t raditional health maintenance, there is also focus on youth,
and tourism. Research on t hese aspects can also be considered to be of utility to bot h individual
community health. The objecti ves are as follows.
i. Encouraging R&D in sports medicine and materials, psychology, nutrition, physical education
and other disciplines for t he able-bodied and physically challenged.
ii. Promoting STI in recreationa l activities to enhance healthier and physically strong citizenry.
iii. Promoting competition and award schemes in STI among youth in and outside the educational
system.
iv. Facil itating programmes and schemes for mentoring the youth in career development in STI.
v. Encouraging appl ication of STI in tourism development.
vi. Incorporating STI into sports education
vii. Ensu ring the development of appropriate curricula to enable the acquisition and application
of appropriate R&D skills in regu lar universities, particularly Universities of Technology and
Polytechnics.
viii. Developi ng sports infrastru cture using STI.
ix. Collaborating and ha rmon izing STI operations in the sub-sector with relevant government
mi nistries, agencies as well as the private sector.
x. Fostering collaboration between STI agencies and appropriate tourism and sports bod ies.
Environment, Meteorology and Water Resources
Nigeria's environmental challenges are summarized in Figure 26 and illustrated in Figures 27-35.
vary from desertification in the North through air pollution in the West, erosion in the South
I Region and Southern Coast al Areas, to massive oil pollution in the Niger Delta. lnyang (57)
provided a comprehensive and Illustrated analysis of Nigeria's environ menta l challenges and ways
add ressing t hem. Superimposed on t hese ravages are ecological damages that are likely to intensify
increase in industrial activities and global climate change if both mitigative and adaptation
ures are not developed and implemented. To illustrate the scale of socio-economic ravages that

52
 ECONOMIC SECTORS
RESEARCH FOCUS TECHNOLOGY FOR NIGERIAN
AREAS SUPPORT AREAS ECONOMY
DIVERSIFICATION

Biotechnology
Biosciences
including
Pharmaceutical & AGRICULTURE AND
Space Technology AG RelrAILLI EIQ

Material Science
including
Nanotechnology &
Chemical Sciences
Renewable Energy
including Sola r
Technology
ELECTRI<C;, ~0MJtER

Environmental , Agricultural
Meteorology & Technology
Water Resources
Chemical Processing
Technology MINING~N ~
Renewable Energy
€0NS:F~HCJ10N
Systems and
Hazards, Control
Technology
Space & Geospatial
Systems Weather Prediction
System

Mathemat ics and

Telecommunication Agricultural
Sv~tP.m~
Mechanization

Materials Technology
Facilities and
Networked systems
Security Systems

RENE:WAB:ll;, I~JNI~IR-6¥
Construction Materials
Health and Nutrition and Technology

Mining Technology
Science
Communication & Manufacturing 01 L ANID1<!lb.$
Technology Technoloflv

Environmental Control
Svstems
Artificial Intelligence
and Robotics
Technical
Communication

FIGURE 17: LINKAGES OF NSTIR 2030 RESEARCH FOCUS AREAS TO TECHNOLOGY IM PROVEMENT
SECTOR VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL SECTORS OF NIGERIA
53
 Partn rsh·
rea

Observation

FIGURE 18; AN ANALYTICAL FRAM EWORK PROPOSED BY THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
OF THE UNITED STATES FOR ACQUISITION AND USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA FOR SOCIETAL BENEFITS
(203)

...
-,

- ... ..
- - -?1
...... ~-~ ..: ....
"-

-.. - -.. -. .- . .- . .--

. ·-. '-"'- ... ..._..\...-... _:. ,.
~ ~

"'-~ .\,

' ...: .:.~-.:.:-: <': ~. 1:

AGURE 19 ~ CONFIGURATION OF INFORMATI ON GENERATION, STORAGE AND ACCESS SYSTEMS THAT CAN
BENEFIT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES. INYANG (206)

154
 __ . '"''-._V vr ~ 1 AKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS IN SUPPORT OF IN DUSTRIAL CL
DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (198)

a) ROLE OF STATE GOVERNMENTS d) ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR (SMES)

• Ensure access to land and mobilization of • Promoters and operators.
SME operators. • Provision of machine ry.
• Provision of rural infrastructure • Provision of manpower.
• Co-ordination of data collection and • Provisi on of materials (industrial inputs)
information management • Provision of expertise.
• Facilitating provision of soft loans; Cred it • Mon itoring and evaluation.

( Guarantee.
• Provision of Common Facilities (CF)
• Provision of revolving funds for such
ventures through Venture Capital
• Companies
• Promotion of SME products
b} ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
• Development Banks: CBN,
Infrastructure Bank, NEXIM etc.-provision of
soft loans and advisory services.
• Commercial Banks: Large scale banks,
Community Banks, etc. to provide loans and
training and advisory services.
c) ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
•
Provision of rural infrastructure- roads,
portable water supply etc.
•
Mobilization of raw materials producers for
accelerated production through
operatives
•
Co-ordination of data collection at the
primary (ward) level
•
Provision of land for new entrants
•
Provision of access road to site
•
Provision of security for the project site
•
Promotion of SME Cluster products through
trade fairs creation of markets.
•
Funding assistance to SMEs
• Qua lity control of products
• Management of data on the cluster.
• Large industries to support small ones
through guaranteed market for intermediate
raw materials to be produced.
e} ROLE OF STI INSTITUTIONS
• Develop and deploy innovations and
BoA, tech nologies. All agencies of the FMST and
indeed others outside the Ministry should be
involved.
• Adopt or establish clusters as avenues for
commercialization of research findings.
Every University and research institute to
establish a cluster on commercial basis in
collaboration with other stake holders.
• Generation and dissemination of knowledge
through seminars, training,
co-l f) ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• Policies to facilitate cluster development.
• Setting standards for cluste r practice .
• Facilitati ng prov1s1on of infrastructural
facilities e.g. roads , power, water and
buildings, ICT for networking linkages
• Provision of revolving fund for ventures .
• Promotion/marketing of SME products .
• Favorable tariff regime for SME products.
• Provision of SMEs data and Information
Management System .
• Setting quality standards and control for
SMEs products.

LE 12: REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN RESPECT TO INDUSTRIAL PROSPECTS IN NIGERIA (198)

S/NO REGJQN PRODUCTS

--- - -- - --
1 North East Processed minerals, ethanol , biodiesel, cement, fruitjuices
--
2 North West Processed meat, leather goods, biofuels
... - ..

3 North Central Cut granite, furniture, processed cotton fabrics

4 South East Over the counter drugs, leather goods, garments, palm oil
5 South West Plastics, garments, general goods
6 South South Petrochemicals (refined oil), fertilizers, plastics, oil services

55
 FIGURE 21: DNA RESEARCH IS NECESSARY FOR
ADVANCES IN HEALTH AND
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

OUTPUT

TO SUPPORT

AGURE 24: DRUG MANUFACTURE USING ADVANCES PLANT BREEDING APPLICATION IN

IN BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY
 environmental phenomena can cause in society, Nigeria 's National Emergency Management Agenc
(NEMA) estimated (155) that in 2010 , abo ut 500 ,000 people we re disp laced by floods in Nigeria. A fair
proportion of such measures must be locally developed to enhance the sustainability of improvements.
Damages to the enviro nment and the ir impacts on human and ecological health are significant
at all scales, from microscopic to macroscopic and require creation and deployment of knowledge from
numerous disciplines. lnyang (2008) has briefly discussed the depe ndence of observation-based
conclusions about environmental matters on the thermodynamics and kineti cs of environmental
processes, most of which need to be investigated by the Nigerian resea rch establishment. Such
investigations are needed to assess exposures to air pol lutants in cities like Lagos, Kano, Onitsha and
Port Harcourt in ways that have been done elsewhere (213); develop materials f or clean-up and
conta in ment of wastes (211); monitor ecological changes; and understa nd/predict weather patte rns to
serve ai r transport safety programmes, and aid farme rs across Nigeria . The specific research objectives
in this suite of inter-relat ed disciplines as contained In Nigeria's STI Polley, are as fol.lows.

• Environmental Science and Technology

i. Promoting the integration of environmenta l concerns into all development pol icies and
ensuring public understanding of the scientific basis of their actions on t he environment
ii. Developing an appropriate and effective waste managem ent system to red uce pollution
emission from waste generation.
iii . Encouraging the use of clean technologies in prod uction systems.
iv. Developing capacity to monitor, predict and mitigate adverse effects of natu ra l phenomena
such as floods, drought and desertification.
v. Encouraging science and technology interventi on that promotes sustainable development.
vi. Encouraging integration of environmental factors with standard national accou nts/assets to
improve environmental monitoring systems.
vU. Promoting the development of a national environmental database to support economic
development.
• Water Resourees
i. Developing R&D, demonstration and deployment ca pabilities in the management of surface
and ground water resources for sustainable exploitat ion
ii. Promoti ng t he use of safe, clean, efficient and sustainable water technologies for national
development.
iii. Promoting R&D in water conservation and uti lization techni ques for domestic, agricultural,
energy and industrial use.
iv. Facilitating the adaptation of appropriate water technologies for rural development.
v. Developing capacity and capabilities for water management and environmental sustainabil ity.
• J . J ...... Facllltles amd N~tworked S~tems
Nigeria needs to improve in infrastructure across al l sectors of the economy. Infrastructure can
be viewed as structures that are connected by services within a network. They need investment in
knowledge to address planning, design, construction, operation, monitoring and maintenance. Research
and development is essential to optimize designs and operati ons due to the very high budgets involved.
As illustrated in Figures 36-41, targeted improvements in infrastructure withi n t he NSTIR 2030
t imeframe, cover smart electric power grid, transportation networks, housing, cable net work, industrial
facilities and ports. Engineering infrastructure also has to be developed to facil itate the use of novel
techniques in nano-manufacturing, mechatronics, photonics and metrology among others, to improve
Nigeria's indust rial out put and diversify the economy. The research objectives and functi ons in th is field
are as follows.
• Transport System
i. Promoting R&D to support activities in the road , rail, water and aviation transportati on system.
ii. Encouraging investment in local innovation in t he t ransport and aviation sectors.
57
 iii. Fa ci litating the adoption and use of R& D outputs and local innovations for all forms of
transportation and construction (i .e. roa d, ra il , water an d aviation ).
iv. Conducting R& D activities in accident investigation and mit igati on
v. Strengthenin g evolving mechanisms and strategies fo r information ma nagem ent system to
establish and operate int er modal urban mass transport system.
vi. Facilitating R&D activities and innovations that will fast-track massive delivery of community-
based techn ologies fo r rural 1 access roads construction and maintenance.
vii. Strengtheni ng the STI component in the design, construction and ma intenance of roads.
vii i. Promoting the use of STI for efficient transport management fo r socio-economic and industrial
development.
ix. Investigating pote nt ials for expanded public transportation service and t ransit-oriented
development to red uce t ransport emission while providing efficient mobility option.
x. Devel oping a qual ity-assured, web-based knowledge database on research capacities of
tertiary institutions, transportat ion t echnology, and technology needs in transport industry in
Nigeria.
xi. Encouraging resea rch and devel op ment in technological devices for monitoring and tracking
transport/traffic ope rations.
Works, Land, Housirtg and Urban Development
i. Establishing codes/standards and strengthen capacity for effective design, management and
production of releva nt technol ogies in building, construction and urban development
ii. Defining the roles of federal, stat e, local governments and other stakeholders in dealing with
issues of urban development, housing and land administration.
iii. Promoting the application of STI in t he production and utilization of local materials for building
and construction to facilitate mass-housing delivery.
iv. Prom oti ng effective linkages and collaborations among knowledge-based institutions,
professional bodies and t he construction industries.
v. Promoti ng R&D and innovative sch emes for evolution of Green construction culture in Nigeria
(Green homes and Green cem ent).
vi. Encourage activities and regulatory roles that promote public safety in building and
construction and mit igating effects of natural disasters.
vii. Promoti ng the development standards for design, specifications and materials in building and
construction.
viii.lnstitutionalizing strategies for f unding R&D activities in Building, Land and Urban
development including extra-b udgetary steps like duties and tariffs.
ix. Esta blishing framework for ICT-based land administration and management of land ownership
and mitigating effects of environmental disasters through best use of land and resources.
Industrial Researchf Development and Production
i. Ensuring R&D activities are direct ed towards the development of appropriate technologies fo r
the production of industrial goods and services in Small , Medium, and Large Scale firms.
ii. Developing local capa city for design and production of machine tools and spare parts for rapid
industrial growth and development.
iii. Foste ring interactions among universities, or higher education research institutions, industries
an d investors to generate innovations.
iv. Ensuring value-add iti on to the nati on's natural resources for industrial development.
v. Fostering th e development of t ech nological entrepreneurs to facilitate innovation.

58
 • Emissions from automobiles and &en.erators

RADIATION NOISE
AND HEAT

GROUND WATER
POLLUTION

LAND POLlUTION AND

BIODIVERSITY DAMAGE

FIGURE 26: NIGERIA'S CONTINUOUS AND PERIODIC ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE PRODUCED MAJOR
DISASTERS (57 )

.' '

~t..ol ~o~ \•

t,...n

k~~~~:~;N:.~.
·~-~
""",....,,

FlGURE 2i: EXPECTED MIGRATION PATTERNS AS CLIMATE FlGURE 28: RAINFALL M AP OF NIGERIA WHI CH ALIGNS WITH
CHANGE IMPACTS AND SOCIAL INSECURITY THE SOUTHWARD MOVING DESERTI FICATION
DE.RlVE SEGMENTS OF" NIGERIA'S POPULATION FRONT THAT PARALLELS THE 1030-14 00 MM
SOUTHWARD FROM DROUGHT-RAVAGED ZONES ANNUAL RAINFALL FRONT (ADAPTED FROM A.O.
IN THE NORTH AND FROM FLOODED AREAS AYENI , A.S.O. SONEYE, 0 .0. FASUNWON , R.T.
NORTHWARD FROM THE FAR SOUTH. (57) MITEKU AND L.A. DJIOTANG-TCH OTCHOU. (57)

59
 - -1
c, •:
--
Fd I~ I
-l l
I

'
/--- '.-----
\ • F;
• A.
=Dilution facter whichis inthis foJmulatiQn, a dimef\Sitl
= Contaminant at enyatioo faetor
~~ ~etioo;
ichis qlsoa d ime~nkss f iltti!lf\
''
___ , _........... " • frCs = Contijmioant eonc@ntr-ations a di Nent l ocati~ns l i r~ ~l!Q~~);
= Numbet ofsqil compartmentsoj distinct e araeteristies through hirh
t e eontamioanttravels

GNED AN D BUI LT LANDFILL THAT LEAKS

DUM P WITH IMPACT ON BOREHOLE WATER QUALITY, (B) INTO GROUNDWATER ACCESSED BY
TYPHOID HISTORY GRAPH OF TH E UNITED STATES BOREHOLES, (B) DISTANCE SCALING FACTORS FOR
CONTAMINANT CO I

60
 l.lh,tttt~tiQII of th.~ t~tiit d!tttibYllqn q(tl~Q~l\tmt"~.t I.Qn~t ll\~t ro~V'

ctl on

FIG.URE 3 2 : DEPICTION OF PETROLEUM PRO DUCTS FATE AND

FIGURE 31: POSSIBLY THOUSANDS OF BURIED UNDERGROUND
TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN THE SUBSURFACE:
TANKS FOR PETROL ARE LEAKING ALL OVER
SOM E PROCESSES WILL BE ENHANCED BY
NIGERIA TO CONTAMINATE BOREHOLE WATER
HIGHER SOIL TEMPERATURE AND ELEVATION OF
WITH KNOWN IMPACT ON HUMAN WITHOUT
THE WATER TABLE IN NIGERI A DURI NG WET
MONITORING AND MITIGATIVE ACTIONS
SEASONS

(t) DITCH EROSION DOWNSTREAM OF BYP~SSED DITCH (b) DESTRUCTIVE ACTION OF GULLY EROSION ON
RELIEF CULVERT INLET, (Source: www.fs.fed.us ) CROPS AND PLANTATIONS IN EASTERN NIGERIA

f'lG.URE 33: HYDRAULIC EROSION DAMAGES TO TERRAIN AND STRUCTURES

61
35 ~ THE RAVAGES OF DESERTI FI CATION OF SAHELIAN AFRICA HAVE ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

162
Source: RTC Magazi ne

t~:ta:N n
1 \1\!nJ 'i<!I'OII.i
1 1\i;fY[ity I tiro
l llomc )iotwOIMr~g t:Cmrr
fu'G~ Yir~tl!!lt
1 11\!nJ 'letwOil
I Wl\Qioilc.,.(\tJ<l!o
I I!Jl..<OOI KTI \~ ~1 \ 1111\(! IIIli~'
I ~wiU<t!5< ~D><U a lliXI~ !> ¥(1(}' l
I lloo1< Tl"'"" a I
: ~
l nou~ttl~l ~I'NQtlt I 'lk>.t<dli•pl•y :
Source: Accura Systems of Tucson
•
FIGURE 36! BUSINESS NElWORKS THAT CAN BE IMPROVE FIGURE 39: SHELTER/ HOUSING AS A STRUCTURAL AND
THROUGH INNOVATIVE DESIGN FU NCTIONAL NETWOR K FOR IMPROVEM ENT

M ECHATRONICS COMPOSITI NG MECHANICS,

ELECTRONICS. MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS
FOR INTELLI GENT OPERATIONS

63
 Science Laboratory Technology (SLT)
i. Facilitating the prov ision of min imum sta ndard laborat ories in secondary, te rti ary and STI
institutions for learn ing, teaching, servi ces and Research & Deve lopment.
ii. Supportin g activities in the educational , research , medical and industrial laborat ories.
iii. Adopting and promote t he princi ples of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in conformity to
international best practice
iv. Fosterin g traini ng an d empl oyment of certified scien ce techn ologists fo r proper management
and maintenance of laboratories.
v. Developing and promoting the documentation of laboratory equipment's for planning and
development.
vi. Ensuring t he monitoring, inspecti on, accreditati on and certification of laboratories in R&D
institut ions in both public and private sectors by relevant regulatory bodies.
Defence & National Security
i. Supporting and fac ilitating STI ca pacity and capability building in the operations of the armed
forces and othe r security services.
ii. Promoting strategic military R&D for national security and development.
iii. Encouraging t he develo pment and deployment of advanced technologies in military hardware
and ope rati ons through reverse engineering.
iv. Promoti ng t he use of STI to prevent and control crimes and threats to national security.
v. Deploying STI for t he protection and security of indigenous technology, innovation and related
intellectual property.
vi. Establishing a Corps of STI intelligence officers in the NIA/Foreign Affairs.
vii. Establishing an STI "Desk" in the office of the National Security Adviser (NSA) for protection of
indigenous t echnol ogy.
viii. Fostering linkages of R&D collaborations among the academia , military,
industries/businesses for the benefit of National military industrial complex.
ix. Encouraging the so urcing of about 5% of military hard and software locally.
Sustainable energy Development
Energy is t he enabler of economic development. Nigeria has many energy sources that have not
significantly exploited. Alams and Ozuzu (200) have given a very good summary of Nlgena's energy
milestones and the t asks that are required to improve circumstances. Energy in this regard is
into fuels (oil and gas) and electric power resources. Nigeria 's electric power, and oil and gas
call fo r an increase in renewable energy systems in the energy mix, and improvement in the
""...'n"'r"'l:l"" capacities of Nigeria's oil and gas industry. Any energy mix that Nigeria adopts must have
triple cha racteristics of availabi lity, accessibility and acceptabil ity illustrated in Figure 42 (21).
4 "''''n'"'bility perta ins to susta inability-the parameter that has driven many countries incl uding Nigeria,

seek an increase in the proportion of ren ewable energy systems in the energy mix. Figure 43 shows
projected percentages of ren ewable energy in energy mixes of various countries by 2030 , using
resources and capacities (139}. Nigeria's percentage is a meagre 2%. It needs to be at least
To atta in that, much has to be done on research , development and entrepreneurship. The
ational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (139) has developed a roadma p on renewable energy-
•Tor•nn'""c"' deployment that is also releva nt to Nigeria.
Nigeria has committed to some mitigative actions on global climate change. Among the
mitments stat ed in its Intended Nat ionally Determined Contribution (INDC) (see Table 13), are:
ing of gas f lari ng by 2030, achi eving off-grid solar photovoltaic capacity of 13GigaWatts,
...,nnr•"~""'ment in electricity grid , shifts in t ra nsportation from cars to buses to improve energy efficiency
ich it intends to increase by 30% by 2030, and deployment of efficient gas generators. lnyang (203)
has developed Figure 44 as t he cata log of techniques including research , that need to be utilized more
 1. Energy Availability:
2. Energy Accessibility:
3. Energy Acceptability:
Continuous availability of reliable and
efficient energy
Affordability of, eltable energy services for
which payment is made
amenabilit y of the energy sources to be
produced, t ransmitted, and used in ways
that preserve the environment and gain
public acceptance

a. Excellent market prospects

b. Very good market prospects
c. Fair market prospects
d. Low market prospects

FIGURE 42: THE UTILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF ALL ENERGY SOURCES S HOULD BE DETERMINED THROUGH THE
USE OF THREE CRITERIA (214

Note: Percentage indicates how much renewable energy each country consumes in 2030 if the Remap Options
are deployed
Source: (Reference no. 139), Roadmap for A Renewable Future, IRENA (20 16)
FIGURE 43: COUNTRY OPPORTUNITY VARY, BUT EACH COUNTRY HAS A ROLE TO PLAY IN SCALING UP
RENEWABLES

65
 Business as Usua l

2010-2014

Economic and social development: grow economy 5% per year, im prove standard
mary of objective
of livi ng, electricity access fo r all

20% unconditional,
45% conditional

• Work towa rds ending gas flaring by 2030

• Work towards Off-grid solar PV of 13GW (13,000MW)
• Efficient gas generators
• 2% per year energy efficiency (30% by 2030)
• Transport shift car to bus
• Improve electricity grid
• Climate smart agriculture and reforestation 1,000

] QQ

i
-:5
~ QQ
-o
!>
-g
'0
<lOll
~
~

is lQQ

Current: around 2 tonnes C02e

2030 BAU: around 3.4 tonnes C02e
2030 Conditional: around 2 tonnes C02e

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

National Cost"" $142b, National Benefits=- $304b (World Bank report "Low
Ca.rbon Development Opportunities for Nigeria " (2013))

2,564.02 million tonnes

66
effectively to address gl obal climate change in Nigeria and other co untries. Nigeria's STI research
objectives on ene rgy syste ms in general (inclu ding ren ewable energy), are stated bel ow.
i. Develop ing R&D , demonstration and depl oyment capab ilities in t hermal (coa l, oi l and gas),
nuclear, solar, wind, biofue ls, hydro and oth er renewable energies.
ii . Promoting the use of safe, clean , effic ient and sustainable energy technologies fo r national
development.
iii. Encouraging the development of energy conversion technologies fo r susta inable power
generation.
iv. Facilitating the adaptation of appropriate energy technologies for rural development.
v. Encouraging the development and deployment of locally produced power eq uipment for
sustainable power industry.
vi. Supporting national vision to acquire technologies f or sustainable powe r indust ry.
6. Material Science. Including Nanotechnology
Paraphrasing lnyang (210}, ·•economic growth has been. driven by the use of large quant ities of
materials such as stone, soil metals, biomass, coal , petrole um, plastics and ceramics" . "The availability,
beneficiati on and flow of raw and processed materials va ry among countries and are t he determina nts
of economic advantages that may accrue to well-planned economies". Recognit ion of this circumstance
by the Federal Government of Nigeria led to t he creation of Nigeria's Raw Mat erials Development
Research Council (RMRDC). It is important to appreciate the diversity and extensive ness of use of
materials by society as · depicted in Figures 45-50. The fl ow of ra w materials in society has been
categorized as follows by lnyang (210).
i. Domestic process output (DPO): total quantity of materials used in the domestic economy that
is derived through domestic extraction and/o r im port f rom other countries;
ii. Domestic hidden flows (DHF): total quantity of materials mobilized domestica lly during the
provision of economic commodities without entry of t he materials themse lves into the
domestic economy;
iii. Total domestic output (TDO): sum of DPO and DH F, wh ich amounts to the tota l quantity of
materials used in the domestic economy, includ ing wast es;
iv. Gateway flows (GF): component of TDO or DPO t hat escapes from the economy into t he air,
la nd, and water. Secondary deposition is not included in GF;
v. Sector f lows (SF): component of TDO or DPO th at is pertinent to activities nested in individual
economic sectors, such as construction , energy, tra nsportat ion, and agriculture;
vi. Dissipative flows (DF): quantity of materials deliberately spread into the environ ment as a
consequence or in association with material use; and
vii. New additions to stock (NAS): quantity of new mat erials from technological adva nces used in
construction and manufacture of goods as replacements fo r traditional materia ls
In 2015, mining contributed approximately 0.33% of the GDP of Nigeria which was much less
than the 4-5% achieved in the 1960s-1970s period (164). Nigeria has developed a Roadmap for the
Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry (2016) (164) which includes 11/mprovlnt the
quality and breath of geo~sclentltlt data gathered lffl a cost-efficient manner'. The development,
adaptation and use of existing and new materials are essential to Nigeria's lndu.st rializat ion efforts.
Materials like cement, polymers and clays mined or synthesized , need t o be produced at lower costs to
fulfill application needs in industrial processes (106) and construction (105 , 107, 211). The STI
objectives are stated below.
• Mines and Materials Development
i. Encouraging R&D in the exploration, exploitation, utilization and value add ition of mineral
resources.
ii. Building capacity and enhancing capability in sol id minerals processing technologies and new
materials development.

67
 dn, , t.d

i Dc,·etopn e.nt o·· a bi ~t niat tat~· o •

/ 1te·~tnir:mm~m r~port

f _ _Tracking. o · ~r~e1 house gas

I
I
I
I
emi'sious data and
• Habitat asse.ss11 ent
· Energy ::stem as~ ·ment
I \\'ater ql alit)" scarcity a ' SJU ut
Agtiatltural impact a e sme t

I 1.----

b------- Ero iotli di sa·ter impact assessment

Housing & health impacts ~t .. e$:ill:l. ut

I
I
Human mi.._ ratiou a e~ment
'==~ Busine impa.ct a s:mwut
Operation ofnationalextnunurol
re ear~h pro~ nunrue
De\'elopmeut of climate char~e
re ea.rch unit iu ageude and
tmh·et~tie~
Orgauiz impn>,·ed curticltla
Bridlng tQ lewslator~
Tnuuin~ of takeholder~

Establi .lum~nt of a public

enlightenment pro~ramme
Carbon credit proce ~in~ for bl ~ness
De\'elopmeut ofElA polides
DeYelopment of disa .ter zouatloo (0 ·)
ami re$pon e plan
Cataloouin~ of hi~h ·risk zone in the
re~en1
lutroduction of specs. itno buildiut ~ode
and penni t programme for conuuercial
operator
Implementation of erosion COJltrol and
affotTtat:ionltl!foxe atiOtl plan
1.---.....~
Water Qltality/con t-Fatiou pla.nuiut and
implementatiml for thee eom1try

FIGURE 44~ ELEMENTS OF GLOBAL CLI MATE CHANGE RISK ANALYSES AND IMPACTS MITIGATION PLAN PROPOSED
FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN N IGERIA. INYANG 2011 (203)
 a. 1 b. l (),

{. "

Source: lnyang, Hila ry (2004) research lecture at Duke

University, North Caroli na, USA

FIGURE 45~ APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS AS SORBENTS IN CIVIL,

ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

...,•..
:~
. ..
• •
' .
ANALYSES AND FABRICATION OF
REFRACTORIES AND WASTES FOR LARGE-SCALE POLYMERS FROM NATURAL MATERIALS FOR CIVIL
RECYCLI AND INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

t lfO.

~ lNT.ll IQ(~S

ANAL
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL,
INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

69
 iii. Strengthen ing t he development an d t ransfer of techn ol ogies for sustainable ut il ization of
mi neral resources.
New and Emerging Technologies (Nan otechnologies and New Materials)
i. Building inst itutional capa city and ca pabilities in new and emerging techno logies.
ii. Encoura ging collaborative R&D activities between industry, higher edu cation and research
institutions on new and emerging technologies. (external collaborations)
Raw Materials and Manufacturing
i. Developing capacities in storage, retrieval and updating of data and information on earth-
based raw materials.
ii. Promoti ng access to, and stimul ating interest on , earth-based raw materials locally and
intern ati onal ly.
ii i. Ma pping and quantifying biomat erial resources that are available in the country.
iv. Creating t he various value chains from available biomaterials.
v. Harn essing and ada pting indigenous knowledge for sourcing earth-based raw materials and
bi omaterials.
vi. Creating a database of new and emerging materials.
vii . Identifying and promoting the adoption of new and emerging technologies for raw materials,
new product development an d materials processing technologies for national industrial
growth .
viii . Building institutiona l capacity and capabilities in earth based raw materials, biomaterials, new
and emerging materials and t echnologies such as Advanced Manufactu ring Technologies
(AMT) .
ix. Promoting effective linkages and collaborations among institutions, Agencies and relevant
st akeholders in earth-based raw materials, biomaterials, new and emerging technologies.
x. St rengthening the development and proliferation of technologies and innovations for
sust ainable utilization of earth-based raw materials, biomaterials, new and emerging
mat erials and new products.
• Ferrous, Non~Fe rrous and Chemical Technologies Research
i. Encouraging R&D in the explo rati on, exploitation and utilization of ferrous, nonferrous, and
petroleum resources.
ii. Bui lding capacity and developing indigenous capability in iron and steel , petrochemical and
engineering plastics development.
iii. Promoting intense R&D activities to develop internationally competitive textiles and leather
in dustries
Wood Resources
i. Promoting R&D in th e cultivati on , exploitation and application of wood resources, with value
addit ion , to pulp, paper and tim ber industries.
ii. Promoting the application of STI t o create new products to provide support for Nigerian pulp,
pa per and timber.
iii. Generating environme ntally sustainable forest management practices, increasing capacity of
processing and value adding f acilities.
iv. Fa cilitating emerging wood resources technology related to biofuels, biochemical, bio
co mposites, nanocell ulose, bu ilding and construction industry (timber and plywood products
in innovative zero energy houses, wood plastic composites.).
v. Bu ilding capacity thro ugh education, research and know-how technology training.
 vi . Ensuring utilization of Nigerian grown t imber in const ruction of highly efficient st ructu ral
systems .
.3. 7. Mathematics, Computational and Communication Systems
It is real ly a "computational world~ as quantitative analyses aided by computers, have helped in
movi ng countries, even t hose with limited natural resou rces , up in the ranking of global health and
'stea lth. Adva nces in applications of mathematics and computing systems are essentia l to atta inm ent of
Nigeria's economic development targets. Many critica l fie lds of mathemat ics, including time series
analyses, Monte-Ca rlo methods, kriging, similitude, pattern recognit ion ana lyses, t ransport modellings,
network ana lyses, and population dynamics are studied in textbooks without extension and appl icati on
to societal challenges in Nigeria. Examples of these mathematical concepts and met hods are illust rate d
in Figures 51-61.
Even with the desired improvement in computing infrastructure in Nigeria which implies hardware
installation , the analytical component (software and computing kn owledge) is its necessa ry com plem ent.
Many workshops exemplified by NOTAP (109), have been held to address software licensing and
So ~
application issues in Nigeria. Being that the National policy on STI does not specifically address the ut il ity
of mathematical advances and applications to Nigeria 's governance and indust ria lization thrusts. critical
objectives are added herein, in that regard. Concerning resea rch on mainstream ICT, it has been very
insignificant considering the growth of the industry in Nigeria. The industry has widespread utility as
illustrated in Figures 62-67.
~
• Mathematical Advances and Applications i
i. Devise measures for popularization of mathemat ics among the general populat ion of
Nigerians with increased emphasis on children. 1
.la1
ii. Implement adult education tutorials in urban and rural areas with basic mathematical
concepts as a significant content in STEM
iii. Strengthen research on basic mathematics as well as applied mathematics wit h more
extensive applications to both policy and technological challenges of Nigeria
• Information and Communications Technology (lCT}
i. Encouraging capacity building in ICT in Nigeria.
ii. Encouraging and supporting collaborative R&D activit ies among industry, higher ed ucational
institutions as well as private and public research instit utions for software and hardware
development.
iii. Developing indigenous capabilities for the local manufacture of ICT hardware, software and
other accessories through technological substitution and tra nsfer.
iv. Encouraging knowledge in ICT as a critical compone nt of STI in Nigeria
v. Creating ICT databank in support of STI.
vi. Encouraging the incorporation of ICT knowledge in all sect ors in Nigeria.
vii. Supporting ICT multidisciplinary training modules as f undamental prerequisite to prepare,
drive and enhance all sectors of Nigeria's development. Sc

viii. Establishing Science Parks with ICT Backbone and Software development.
ix. Developing special conversion programs to transform existing Engineers to ICT Special ists.
x. Facilitating National ICT Innovation Competition at all levels of education.
xi. Encouraging Industry-University-Government Networking on STI Initiatives.

3.3.8. Snace and Geospatlal Systems S1

This is one sector of knowledge that separates developed countries from underdeveloped and
developing countries. Advances in space and geospatial systems and their applications enable cou ntries
to take stock of their resources on a spatio-temporal basis, play what-if games; and optimize their
physical development targets in terms of areas and processes.
11
 Time ries Componen

".:·a
~ t ·~ s:......: ~ 3·

APPLICATIONS IN QUANTUM

_,(
-' L*»f£#'L4 #'
_........
~ )

)
~ ~
l ......
~ l ~ @.b. -.
I
' l 't._y - 8'7 CS"'VO

< - -. . - " " - -

Source: Vertex42

10(1}

OF
KRIGING) TO SUPPORT SOFTWARE-BASED SPATIAL
MODELS

Page 72
lim iuf
It ·0
E!' rsr~, n~t ..-~~

_ Fr11 - ~ ) 1 \'luH~ .~ 1\nl!d:~://

~-;.lli . ,,,
... ustog u;: ; I·'> ln ... a
==j· h' \ .·f +,-; 2;\nl2tiJ
H
So urce: Mat he matical Mode ling a nd Simu lation of Nematic
uid Crvsta ls (YouTu
Soun
f iGURE 57: ADVANCED PATIERN RECOGNITION IN GEOSPATIAL
MODELLI NG

Merging / • •
• • •• • • •
• •
.... ..
\
e\ Formation
\

··~
•••

IONS IN Sou
PR OCESSES ECOLOGY, HUMAN MIGRATION , FACILITIES
PLANNING AN D DELIVERY OF SOCIAL SERVICES

Transport of Reactive ~o l ute·

flux In f ill'< e>\lt

, I ' t' C t'C ~{' t)'
1-t • ' ·, l'f' I' /} T /} ,

hfd ·l t-x ~~.r i'.~: <\1'•

ACJ"teC~ 'fe D•spe'S ve ~\e<:tl\i­ S_{lef~¥8>
Fl.)\ fh•• '( F!\J);
F "'
l1t\1 vt li•to ll~ !,l,tbdifl · ll.h.tslrijtion of fll!ll and mass ~lance in the flow thro11g h t QaH~•-11911\0

(I• Mass B<!l;lnce Equ<!tiQn

P(A ) ~ P(ll l Si )P(Si) D i'~ ·c i' C t'£_± RXN

•
;o.

s_.
CX ' rx - 8t
O•spers•\e A<l\11<'1 •e C~ n Reac)!Qn
Tetm l~!l' ~-tass t>ef lerm
Untt l me
V • Velocrly ol OOf'ta.,,mant tl rl) C ;: : COn13J'l'lnaflt c~enna'IOl"l_ ("/!,.'} () '=' ~tper-t1~~
lll lflh p,tl lil \11.1-:" ~·:t-.l··
tl\'1}. X • D·"t~ t)('9 10 ttle d•led.IOf' ot the tla"s:x>Sl \ l ) RXN A compos1~ ~rm. ~~~ d.*lS:C:f•bes
1 lM l)tOMh cl tre C<'l'tal"l¥'cHlt $o&->e:;;tes 01 2 [)oe(:a)' ol tne co ~~a ... -f'l'tetnt tpec-a_,

So urce: lnyan g, Hilary (2006), lecture notes at th e University of

North Carolina. Cha rlotte, USA
ON OF
PREDICTI ONS IN SUCH SECTORS AS INDUSTRIAL
S01
MANUFACTURI NG, AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY, MINERAL PROSPECTI NG,
HAZARDS ZONATIO N AND MARKET
FORECASTI NG

13
 tCT In log'5ttcs management ~· v~etnom-logisflcs com

--

Sou rce: BLOMINVEST Blog

FIGURE UTILITIES OF ICT FOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
TO VARIOUS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS

Source: Th e Guardian Nigeria

FIGURE CLOUD COMPUTI NG TO SUPPORT SOCIETAL

OPERATIONS AND CIVIL/ INDUSTRIAL

ON-
)RT

67 : ENGINEERING OF IMPROVED TELECOM MASTS FOR

COMMUNICATION

Page 174
 tJ)
There is the space traveljsatellite launching aspect, as we ll as the analytical capacity component, bot h <:
of which need to be strengthened through a we ll-configure d an d funded research programme in Nigeria . 0:
UJ
Nigerla's national STI PoHcy which ha~s t he following objectives an spa ce research and investments, is
1
(.!)

•the basis for selection of the NSTIR 2030 projects listed in Table 10. The STI objectives are stated be low, z
and some of the utilities of advances in this area of knowledge are ill ust rated in Figures 68-70 . 0
~
i. Developing adequate capacity in space technological infrastructure and research for socio- UJ
(.)
economic development. z
ii. Deploying space technology infrastructure in national development. ~
_.I
LLJ
iii. Enha ncing indigenous capabilities in space resea rch and satellite technologies. ~
~
iv. Developing space research as a critical component of nat ional security. 0
en
v. Space Science and Technology is diverse, there is need to develop multi-disciplinary research z
0
irrelevant fields and coordinate activities in areas such as:
• Basic Space Science and Astronomy 5
0
• Remote Sensing
~
• Satellite Technology Development
• Geodesy and Geodynamics
• Space Transport and Propulsion
~
0
• Space Science and Technological Education
• Atmospheric research
~
~

vi. Creating meaningful Nigerian Space Science and Tech nology programme that should enhance
technological advancement such as:
~
• Exploring national (Nigerian universities and other research institutions) and ~

~
international cooperation in space science, technology and application.
• Creating a conducive environment that can attract Nigerian scientists who are home
and abroad. ~

~
• Creating enabling environment to enhance the development of space science and
technology infrastructure in national institutions .

•9. Art.lticiallmtelllgemce and! Robotlcs

As a rapi dly developing country with many socio-econom ic challenges, security and occupational
exposures will become very challenging. Certain tasks in hazardous environments cannot be safely
performed by humans. Examples of such tasks are bomb detonation , inspection and excavation of highly
toxic materials, rescue of people from burning environments, and certain military operations. In such
circumstances, it is often found necessary to deploy robots. Robots are machines that substitute for
humans in the performance of certain functions. Their design, construction and operation require
research and entreprise that draw expertise from a variety of technical fields, including mechanical
engineering, electricaljelectronic engineering, material science, phot onics and signal processing. With
Nigeria's indust riall:zation targets, advances in home-grown robotics and ancillary fields such as artificial
intelligence are indispensable. NSTIR 2030 covers research on robotics and artificial intelligence, the
range of applications of which are illustrated in Figures 71-75 .

•10. Science CommunJcatlom and Technototy Diffusion

Many hard scientists and engineers often find it diffi cult to recogni ze science communication as
a bona fide field that is worthy of research. Actually, it is a critical f ield for the translation of research
results from the bench or mind to the general society or even, their prospective, commercial users.
Through research that should cover cultural factors, language, socio-economic circumsta nces and
incentives, more effective methods for the dissemination of various cat egories of science and technology
information can be designed for specific groups and implemented . Th is is necessary not only for
attraction of public support for sponsorship of STI projects, and acceptance of locally produced products,
but for the general transformation of the Nigerian society to one t hat deeply values innovation. Examples
of the common methods of science communication are illustrated in Figures 76-83. One of the innovative

15
 ,_ , . -
I
I

TABLE 1.0: FMSrs THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS AND PLANNED TOPICS AS PART OF NSTIR 2 030 WITH INDICATIONS OF RELEVANCE TO NIGERIA'S
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (STI ) POLICY OF 2012

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
IFMST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS KEY FMST CENT8R {in bold} W ITH
SHORT TIBRM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
~N O SUITES OF RESEARCH ISSUES PROSPECf i ViE COULABORAliO:RS
17118 19 20 21 . 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1.0 iB IOf ECHNOLOGY 'INCUU DING PH~RMACOLOGY
.. ,

Database compilation on natural NABOA, IFIJIRO., 'RM ROC, FRIN , NIHORT,

1.1 X X X X X X X X X X
products and their locations in Nigeria NACGRAB, NRCRI , NNMDA
' ' ~ ' -
Development of national biosafety and NABDA, NITR, NAFDAC, NACGRAB, IITA,
1.2
bioeth ics guidel ines NBA
:x X
I
X'
''' -
Development of biological diagnostics NABDA, RI'IRO, SHESTCO, NRCRI , NSPRI , :X .X X
1.3 X X X X X X
and forensic tools IART, IITA, IAR
Develop ment of post-harvest crop NAB DA, IF'IIIRO., :SHIESf(}O, NRCRI, NSPRI,
1 .
1.4 :
preservati on methods to support IART, IITA, IAR X X I
Nigerian Agriculture
Improvement of crop breeding NABOA, NRCRI , NACGRAB, IART, IAR
1.5 X X X X X X X X X
technologies
Development of t issue culture and INA/BOA, SH'ESTCO, CRIN , FRIN ,
1.6 aquaculture techn iques to support NACGRAB, NIHORT, NRCRI , NIGOR, IITA X x .X X X X X X
agricultural expansion - ...... ~ .._

Genetic barcoding of various plants NABDA, SHESTCO, FRIN , IART, liTA, X .X· X X X
1.7 ~ x
and an imals in Nigeria NACGRAB NVRI I

Expansion of DNA fi nger-printing NABDA, SHESTCO, ILRI , IITA, NACGRAB

1.8
across Nigeria
X X x.
Micro-propagation of pla ntlets t rees i
NABDA,· NIHORT, NACGRAB, NIPRD,
1.9. (Neem , Eucalyptus, Acacia, etc. ) for X X X
NIHORT, IITA, IART, IAR
desertification control
2.0 li'EALTH AND NUTRITION
Development of vaccines for diseases
2.1 and ail ments that are common in N NMl[ )J\, NIPRD, NVRI , NIMR X X X X X·X X X !

Nigeria
Comprehensive characterizat ion of the '

2.2 dist ribution of diabetes risk factors in NlNM DA, NIMR, NCDC X X X X X X·
!
Nigeria !

Pa,ge [176
 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
IFIMST THEMATIC RiES~RCH ARiEAS IKEY IFMST C8NT8R {1in bold) WITH
SHORT 'TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
.~NO SUITES OF iRES'~RCH •ssUES PROSPECU VE COULABORATORS
1.7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
' ---
Development of stem cell therapy for
2.3 sickle cell anemia, Alzheimer, disease lNINMDA, NAIBOA, NIMR, NIPRD ·x ' X X X X
and Parki nson's disease
Continuous identification, collection
NABDA, SHESTCO, NIFOR, NRCRI, ·
2.4 and assessment of farmers-preferred
NIHORT, IITA, IART, CRIN , IAR, NIFST
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
existing cultivars for improvement
---- . -. ~

Development of various food products Fill iRO, INABOA, RMROC, IITA, NRCRI ,
2.5 from local (Nigerian) crops. NSPRI, IAR, NIFST
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Assessment of genetic relatedness and
'NA:BDA, S HESTCO, INNMDA, NACGRAB,
2.6 variability in accessions of crops and
IITA, IART, NRCRI, ACRI
X X X X X
animals using AFLP markers
Cross-breeding of tilapia with local
2.7 species of fish for improvement of size NABDA, S HESTCO, Fiii RO, NIFFR, NIOMR
1
X X X
and other characteristics
Optimization of cattle ranching in an
N~TR, IN.aiBOA, INtUEST NVRI , ILRI , IART,
2.8 environment of pests and other
NAPRI
X X X
stressors
Development of in novative techniques NITR, SHESTCO, NARICT, NVRI , ILRI ,
2.9 X X
f or management of livest ock/pou lt ry IART, NAPRI
. Conf iguration and application of I I

techniques for eradication of pests, ~

i
NARICT, SHESTCO, NITR , ILRI , LCRI ,
2.10 X .X
including tse-tse fly, locusts and , NAPRI, NCDC,
mosquitoes
-
Comprehensive compositional
analyses and cataloging of RMRDC,, NNMDA, FIIRO, IITA, NIHORT,
2.11
traditional/medicinal materials and NIPRD NIMR
X X X X X X X
their applications
··-· . ,

Performance of advanced research on

INNMOA, S:HESTCO. IN.aiBDA, NIPRD,
2.12 stem cells and extensio n to bone
NACGRAB, IMRAT
X X X X X X X X •X X
marrow transpla nt ation
Expansion of observationa l stud ies of ININMOA, NIMR, NIPRD, IHV-N , NCDC,
2.13 X X X
herbal therapies for tropical diseases, CMRAP-UNIPORT, IMRAT

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
~~~J-WdlJNIJl.l ~ ... ..__ . ____...__.~~-
 I
..--.. ----~~-

I
Page I 77

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
FMST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS
AND SUITIES OF !RESEARCH ~SSUES
KEY FMST CENTER (In bold) WITH
AROSPECnVE COl.lABORATiO'RS SHORT TERM
17 18 19 20 21
MEDIUM TERM
22 23 24 25 26
LONG TERM
27 28 29 30
1
...., -
inclu ding HIV/AIDs, tuberculosis and
sickle cell
Performance of artificial organ growth NINMDA, SHESTCO, NASEN'I, IPRODA,
2.14 X X X X X X X
and transplant research NIMR, IMRAT
Assessment of exercise levels as i
health impactors in various
2.15
combinations of occupations and
NINMDA, NIMR, NCDC, IMRAT X X X X.X X X
leisure in Nigeria '
-·
3 .0 , fNVHW:N MEINT, METIEORO:LOGY AND WATtBR !RESOURCES

3.1
Techniques for water conservation and NASENI, SHESTCO, PRODA. NIHORT, LCRI,
utilization for domestic, agricultural, NIFFR, NISER, IOC, NCEE, NCMPM, CWWS. X X X
' .
energy and industrial use ICEESR, NCOC, NWRI, NIMET, NISHA. NWRI
Development of predictive tools for NAS~E!NI, NISER, NEMA, CGG , NCRS, 10, NMC,
3.2 frequency and severity of natural HIIECC, CDRMDS, NIMET, NWFCRC, NISHA, :X X X ,
hazards in Nigeria NWRI, NARSDA

Development of engineering and other

'NASBN~. NISER, NEMA, CGG , HIIECC,
3.3 control measures for natural hazards in X X X
CDRMDS, NGSA, NISHA, NWRI , NARSDA
Nigeria
Zonation of natural hazards in Nigeria
NASENI, SHESTCO, NEMA, NISER, CGG,
3.4 for use in impact assessments, control X X X
NCRS, HIIECC, NGSA, NISHA, NWRI, NARSOA
and insurance estimates
Development quantitative tools for
NASBNI, SHESTCO, NEMA, NCRS, CGG , HIIECC,
3.5 micro-zonation of climate change
NIMET, NWRI, IERD, NISHA, NWRI, NARSDA 'X X '
impacts in Nigeria
.. -
Zonation of radon emissions from NASENI, RMRDC, NEMA, NIMR, GERC,
3.6 X X X
geomaterials in Nigeria NIMET, NGSA
Modeling of seasonal dust emission
from various Nigerian regions for use in NASENI, SHIESTCO, NEMA, NIMR, NMC,
3.7 X X X
health and environmental risk HIIECC, NIMG , NARSDA
assessments. i

Page ~ 78
 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
IFIMST THEMATiiC RESE.AIRCH AREAS IKBr' IFMST ICBNTBR (in ibo]d) WITH
·sHORT TERM MEOIUM TERM LONG TERM
~NlD SUITES O'F RES'E.AIRCH !ISSUES PROSPECTIIVIE COULABORATORS
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
! Scaling and measurements of required
NAS~ENl, SHEST\CO, NCEE, NMC, HIIECC,
3.8 parameters for airborne contaminant
NARSDA X X X X X X
dispersion in Nigeria
Development of Nigeria-relevant
3.9 human exposure models for NASENI, NMC, IERD, ICEED X X
contam inants
~ - - -
Assessment of potential applications of
local materials to cleanup and SHESTCO, NASBNJ, IRMRDC, N.AIBDA,
3.10 '
remediation of oil contaminated sites NCEE
X X X
'
in Nigeria
'
Experimental and model ing studies of I
IN AS~BN'I ,, SHESTCO. IN B:RRI. rNftiRiiCT,
3.11 the leachability of toxics from Nigerian
ICEER, NCEE ·X X X 1
I
'
plastic and treated wood objects.
Experiments on the use of locally I

manufactured na nomateria Is in NAS~BNII , RMIROC, S HiESliCO, Fili RO,

3.12
portable and fixed water purification NARii CT X X X '
systems
Cha racterization of natura lly occurri ng ECN, RMRDC, SHESTCO, NASENI, CPG , :
3.13
mate ria ls (NORM} in Nigeria's crude oil HIIECC, NCEE
X X X
Characterization of Nigerian terranes
'
3.14 as prospective sites f or low-level NASENI, SHESTCO, NATSFA, HIIECC X X X X X X X
rad ioactive waste disposal
i
Analyses and mon itoring of t he
NASRDA, NASENI,, CWWS, IOC, NCRS,
3 .15 patterns and im pacts of deforestation
NIFFR
X X X
on biod iversity of Nigeria
' Sca li ng of hu man exposure to
3.16 automobile pollutant em issions during NASENI, NARICT, NNMDA, HIIECC, NCRS X X
t raffic j ams in maj or Nigerian cit ies
4 JO FAOIU TIIIES .AND INEJWORiK!ED :SYSTIBMS
Development of clean technologies for 'NASBNl, P1RODA, FURO IRM RDC, NILEST
4 .1
ind ustrial applicati ons INACETIEM
X X X X X X ·X X X X X X

. ..
--

r I I FU!rr TloiFMATIC R--·.....,.. AD~AC: KEY.fMST_CENTERJin boldl WITH

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
..- •--""""""._._.-r..4teftJUAJI~'"I"~D.aJI ...1 1.-0MC :r..t:.o.a • I
I ._
rdltrTT~

FMST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS KEY IFMST CENTER (In bold) WITH IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
AND SUITES OF RESEARCH ISSUES PROSPECJIVE COLLABORATORS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
17 18 19 20 21 . 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Development of integrated
mechatronics, navigation,
NASRDA, NASENII, S'HIESTCO, IPRODA,
4.2 communication and human support X X X X X X X X X:X X X
CSS, CSTP, EMDI , NEDDEC, CBSTE, ITU
modules to support manned space
fli~hts from Nigerian base stations
- ~ .-
"
Installation and pilot-testing of an
PRODA, NASENII, FIIRO, RMRDC,
4.3 Advanced Manufacturing Technology X X XIX X
ARCEDEM , CAT, EMDI, NMDC, NEDDEC '
Laboratory
' Design, fabricat ions and I !
instrumentat ion of electric power PRODA, NASBNm~ FU'R<l, RM RDC,
4.4 transformers, SHP turbines, vehicle NAOEiJlElMJ NEDDEC, ARCEDEM , CAT, X x ·X X
engines and other machines to power EMDI, NMDC, .
devices in Nigeria
Design and production of instrumented
PRODA, NASEINI, IRim
iRO,, RMIRDC,, N 1'LEST
1

4.5 prosthetics and propelled vehicles for X X X X X X X

NEDDEC, CAT, ARCEDEM , EMDI
the physically disabled
Design and field testing of a variety of
4.6 PRODA, NASENI, SHESJ CO, NEDDEC X X X X
telephones and associated devices
Fabrication and flight-testing of
NASRDA, NASENI, PRODA, CBSTE, CAT,
4.7 Nigerian drones for civil, industrial and X X X X X X X X.X X X X
CSTP, CSTD, EMDI
military applications I

Application of mechanical techniques ;

to fabrication of machines parts for PRODA, N~BSENI, SEDIE, SEDIM , NISLT,

4.8
, adaptation by N:igeria 's em erging NEDDEC, CAT, ARCEDEM , NCAM
X X X X X X X X X X ' X ;X
manufactur in ~ industries i

Design and fabrication of processing I

4.9 machines and machine parts for PRODA, NASENI, CAT, ARCEDEM , HEDEC ' X x •X X X X X X X X X x .X , X
process mechanization
"

Development and installation of probes

for measurement of earth tremors,
4.10 NASEINII. CGG , CDRMDS, NGSA, NIMG X X X
landslides and other geohazards in
Nigeria

Page ~ 80
 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
iFIMST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS KEY IFMST 1C8NTBR (rin bold) W ITH
SHORJ TtERM . MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
~NO SUITES OF RESE~RCH .SSLI ES PROSPECTIIVf CO:ULABORAliORS
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
i
Field applications of large-volume
4.11 recycled wastes in demonstrative ARODA., NAS'ENll1 NICT X X X X X X X
construction projects
Development of f ield-scale and
4. 12 effective techn iques fo r erosion control NASENI, GERC, NICT, GERG X X X
and sand dune stabilization in Nigeria
5.0 RENEWABLE !ENERGY SYST~BMS .ANlD !PHOTONICS
Adaptation of platform energy EON, NASENI, ENCERD, REPTEM ,
5.1
technologies to rural development NACETEM, CBSTE, CAT, ICEED
X X X X X X X
Development of energy conversion .
EON1 INASBNI, PtROOA, ENCERD,
5.2 equ ipment and local production of
ARCEDEM , CAT, SEDIE, SEDIM , ICEED
X X X X X X X
power equ ipment components
Modeling of electricity demand with 16CN., INASBNII., CERDZ, CERDI , CERS,
5.3 X X
appl ications to Nigeria NEDDEC, NCEEC
- ··-·
Formulation of elect ricity pricing model
5.4 ECN., CERDI , CERDZ, CERS, NCEE X X
for Nigeria
. ···- ~

: Design of sca led-up sola r power

installations for electrification of small ECN., NASEINI, P1RODA, NCERD, SERC,
5.5 X X
to medium-sized communities in HII ECC, NPTI
Nigeria
5.6 Cha racterization of wind velocities
I
across Nigeria
ECN, NASENI, SERC, ICEED, NPTI X X X X
Computat iona l assessment of el ectri c
5.7 power generati on fro m nuclear NASENI, ECN , CERT, NPTI X
reacti ons
.
Development of safety prot ocols for i
5.8 nuclea r power pla nts (cust om ization to rNASENI,, ECN , CERT X X X
Nigeria)
Production of solar cells, LED and Nano
ECN. PRODA, INASENII, NCERD, SERC,
5.9 filte rs using advances in X X X X
HIIECC, CERT, NPTI
nanotechn ology

I IUDI ~U~NTAnnN ~r.1-u:·n111 F

 "Q.
. _, -

----~~~ ~

IFMST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

KEY IFMST CENTER (in bold) WITH
AND SUITES OF RESEARCH ISSUES PRO>SAECf tiVtE CO>l lABORATO>RS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
17 18 19 ' 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Impl ementation of domestic projects
ECN, NASENI , HIIECC, IAR, SERC, CERT,
5. 10 on biomass-generat ed electri city in t he
NCER, ICEED X X
i
6 geopol it ical zones of Nigeria
Production of biodiesel from non-edible ECN, NABDA, NASENI, FIIRO, HIIECC, •X . X X ·
5.11
plants with upgrade to med ium scale CERDI , NCEE
-- -
Performance of laboratory and field-
EON,, INJ)IBDA, I NASEN~.• IFIIRO, HIIECC,
5 .12 based studies on utilization of methane
CERDI , LCRI
I X ' x ·X
from wastes as a green energy sources.
. -
Design and field application of tidal
energy extraction systems for
5.13 ECN, NASENI, PRODA, HIIECC X X X I
·electricity supply to Nigerian coastal
communities
.
Adaptation of clea n coal tech nologies
5.14
to Nigerian coal for energy generation
JSCN, NASBNl, FURO, CERDI X X X
16 .0 IMAT8Ri1Al SCIENCE I NCUUDING !NA!NOf tBOH!NOI.JOGY
I
Development of beneficiation
6.1 techniques for solid minerals from RMRDC. SHESTCO, LCRI , IMRAT, NIMG X X X X
geomaterials
Development of high-performance
6.2 plastics from local materials for RMRDC, NAIRICT., AMRG , IMRAT X :X x .X X X
industrial applications '
Development of innovative molding
PRODA, RMRDC. NASENI, RRIN , AMRG i
6.3 feasting techn iques for metallic X X X iX
CAT, ARCEDEM , EMDI I
products
..... ~
..
Optimization of processes fo r ink
6.4
production from local materials
NARICT, RMRDC X X
Development of composite laterite and I

6.5 binder systems for earthen building NB R,RI,, NGSA, NIMG X X X X

construction I

Comprehensive analyses of the

6.6 mineralogical , microtextural and NBRRI, NGSA, NIMG X X X X
durability characteristics of local
Page l .8 2
 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
IFMST THEMATIC RESE/liRCH AREAS IKEY FMSf CBNTER (i n b<Jid) WITH
SHO,RTTERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
I ~NO SUif iES OF IRES'EftiRCH ~SSU ES PROSPECTIVE 1COL~BORAliORS .. . -
' 17 18 19 20 • 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
materials for use in soil stabilization
~
and building construction •

Development of water-repellent . I

1
earthen road and open ground I

6.7
construction materials (i ncluding
NBRRI, NARICT,, IRMRDC X X X X X
spray-on )
. -· -~ ~ "

Development of polymers from '

6.8 ' Nigerian-tuber processing wastes 'NARICT, SHIESfCO X X X X •x X X
· (yams, cassava etc.) I

Development and improvement of

ceramics (construction quality) from
6.9 locally ava ilable materials with focus RMRDC,, 5HlESTCO, lFIIlRO, AMRG , GERC X X X
on mineralogy, microstructure and
durability
·-- - -- . ~
-~ '

Synthesis of fertil izer and mulches

6.10
from local materials
SHESl\<~0. IN~R~I CT, IAR X X X
Development of eco nom ically viable
processing technologies for production
6.11
of dyes and pigments from local
NARICT, SHESTCO X x •X
materials
Development of desulfurization
6.12
. methods fo r Nigerian crude oil
NARICT, CPG X X X
Development of plasti c lumber fo r
6 .13 mass housing construction proj ects NBRRI, RMRDC, NICT X X
and electrification
Synthesis of memb ra nes and
geotextiles using local raw mate rials for ;
6 .14
applications in water purif ication and
RMRDC, NA!RiiCT, SHESTCO, NICT X XIX
i
constructi on '

Development of ductile pipeline

6.15 RM RDC, IPRODA, NICT X X X
materials using Nigeria-manufactu red

- - e J 83

~
~

-
. "

I. I I I 1 I
 -

I Ill
'Page rl 83
I

I I

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
I
FM ST THEMATIIC RES~RCH AREAS IKIEY FMST 1CENTER 1(hil bold) WITH
AND SLIITES OF RESEARCH ~SSLIES PROSPECf iVE COLLABORATORS SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 : 30
and reinforced plast ics f or commu nity
water distri bution
-.--
7.0 lMATHlEMAJ I CS, COMPUfAJIO'N~L AND COMM'UNIICAf tiON .SYSf tEJMS
. . -- ... ~
- -. -·
Quantitative framing of mathematical
applications in various sectors of the
Nigeri an economy (tim e-series
7.1 NASENI, SHESTCO, FII'RO, NMC, NBS X X X
analyses, simulations, spatia-temporal l
I
analyses, data-mining, Monte Carlo
methods, etc.)
Deve lop ment of sectoral and I

interli nked databanks for Nigeri a-

7.2 NASfiNI. SHIESTCO. F~IIRO. NITDA X X X
relevant socio-economic parameters
with online accessibi lity
Collaborative (with industry)
development of high-utility software to
7.3 NASENI,, SH'ESTCO, Fln~o. NITDA X X X X X X X X X X X X X
support local projects in various
I

I
economic sectors
Creation/ expansio n of the Nigerian e- . X •X X X X X X X X X X X X
7.4 NASENI, NITDA
Government strategies (NeGst)
Simulation of anthill sustainability and ·
7.5 security operations f or civil and NASENI, NACETEM, NMC X X •X
industrial operations
· • Design of data storage , ha ndl ing and
7.6 retri eval systems for a Nigerian NASENI, SHESTCO, NITDA X X X
National Databank Repository
·~

Configuration of rapid transit models

7. 7 ' fo r the 40 most populous Nigerian
'
NASENI, SHESTCO, NIBRiRI , NMC
I
X X X
cit ies
Simulation of blood flow t o support
NAS:EJN~. S'HIESf CO. INNMDA, NMC,
7.8 drug delivery to body orga ns with X X X
NIPRD
clinical t ri als and appl ications
8)0 :SPACE ~No ,GEOSPAn AIL svsmMs
Paige ~ 8 4
 -····

···-

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
f MST THBMATIC RESEARCH AREAS IKIEY IFMST C8NT8R {'in bold~ WITH .. "

SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM

.AND SUITtES OF !RESEARCH ISSl!JES PROSPECn VE COU .ABORATORS
17 1 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 i

Development of a space observatory/ INAS ROA, NAS:B NII ~ CBSTE, CSS , CSTD ,
1

8.1
astronomical station in Nigeria CSTP ! X X X X'X
Domestication of space technologies in
NASROA, !NASENII, CBSTE-OAU , CSS,
8.2 Nigeria th rough establishment of a
CSTD , CSTP
I
X X X X X X X
space station i

Development and launching of

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) NASRDA, NASENII., IPHC):DA, CBSTE, CSS,
8.3 Satellite for socio-econom ic CSTD X X X X X X X X X X
I i
applications (improved model)
--- ~ -···
Expansion of remote sensing and GIS
applications to agriculture, urban
SHESTCO. lNAS~EN~. CDRMDS, IERD,
8.4 planning, disaster zonation , resources
NEMA, NCRS, CSTD, NGSA X X
mapping, biod iversity monitoring and
infrastructure development in Nigeria
Mapping and zonation of Nigeria to - ... , !'-

various hazards (floods, erosion , SH'ESTCO. NASfr~U,, NAS~RoA , CDRMDS,

8.5
wildfires, pest migration , sand dune NEMA, NCRS, CSTD, NGSA
X X X X X X
1

migration, shoreline recession , etc.) i

Development of spati o-tem pora lly

8.6 indexed maps of Nige ria using re mote SHESTCO, NASRDA, NEMA, NCRS, CSTD ·X; X X X
sensing and ground verif ication
Creation of interlinked data systems I

8.7 with visual ization and esta blish data SHESTCO, NASRDA, NITDA, NCRS : X X x :X
resou rces centers.
9.0 ' AFniPICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS .. -·--
Configuration of adaptive tools i

X X X X X
I
9.1 (electroni c) for target ed monitory of , SHESTCO, NEDDEC
protected areas
.... ' .

Framing of applications of artificia l

NASEINI. SHIESTC01 HlRO. NACETEM ,
9.2 intelligence to civil and industrial X X
NMC
operati ons in Nigeri a

.. - -·-- ,..

.
.
'
I I •&•n. - ·-· -·-ON~_._a..u:nuLJ; I
 IF MST THEMATIC RESEARCH AREAS K.EY FMST CENTE.R {In bold) WITH
ANI! ) SUITES OF RESEARCH !ISSUES PROSPECTIVE COLLABORAl ORS

Develop ment of robots for hazardous

9.3
and reoetitive tasks in Nie:eria
NASEN'I, NASROA, PRODA, NSRMEA X IX IXI X IXIX IX IXI X IX
Development of portable, intelligent
and scenario-reporting robots for
9.4
military and disaster management
NASENI, INASRDA, IPRO'DA XIX IX IX
lications

Investigation of scientific principles

10.1 that underlie trad itional practices of NOT,4;P, SHESf CO. NISER XIX
va rious Nie:erian ethnic
Framing of t he impacts of culture on
10.2
innovation in Nie:eria
NOfAP~ SHESfCO, SSAN, lAMS XIX IX
Configuration of systems for use of
science and technology to advance
10.3
Nigeria's national interests in trade
NOTAP, SH'ESTCO. XIX IX
and di
Analyses of archeological artefacts for
10.4 I indexing of Niiger·ia's technolo~ical l NOTAP, ShiESTCO., NBRRI, lAMS XIX IX
he rita
Configuration of effective methods of
10 _5 1 communicatio~ . of scien~ific advanc~s I NOTAP, SHESTCO, NIJ , SSAN, XIX
and opportun1t1es to different socio-
economic classes of Nie:erians
Analyses of behavioural and design
10.6 impacts on accident rates on Nigerian NOTAP, SHESTCO, SSAN X
roads
Identification and analyses of science
and technology communication outlets
10.7
and incentives for their expansion in
NOTAP, SHESTCO, NIJ, SSAN XIX
Nie:eria

Page 1 86
Eutelsat W3A ( 7 deg east ) broad band int ernet via satellite
covera ge using the new Hughes HX and Lin kSta r DVB-S2
and iDirect t echn ologies. The Hughes HX, int roduced in
March 2008, represents a significant ste p forwards.
Va rious grades of service plus special qual ity of service
controls and advanced proprieta ry TCP/ IP compression to
give faster downloads compared with unprocessed feeds,
plus customer access to t raffic monitoring system . Click
here to email: sales@bentleywal ker.com or phone now 00
44 239 246 3943 (ref:satsig) Also iDirect STAR COM
service in North East Africa
AGURE . sa: EXAM PLES OF DATA/INFO RMATION COM M UNI CATI ON FIGURE 6 9: EXISTING DATA THAT AR E GIVEN VARIOUS SPATIO·
SATELLITES WITH SIGNIFI CANT FOCUS ON AFRI CA: (Each TEMPO RAL COO RDINATES NEED TO BE INTERLI NKED
Country Needs An On ground Ana lytical Station To WITH M ORE RECENT DATA THAT CAN BE GENERATED BY
Support Program Implementation At National St ate And SATELLITES AN D TRANSFERR ED BY BOTH SATELLITE
LGA Levels AN D CABLE COMMUNICAT ION SYSTEMS (98

I f.III,IHI"" '" I
llhllii!IIJ 111~ ,lata
!Joll ll\1

Dill it

Gridded Nigeria for Ground ~ based

Envi ronmenta l Monitoring Systems

FtGURE 70; NIGERIA NEEDS ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS WITH SPATIO-TEMPORAL COORDI NATES THAT
SUPPLIES DATA FOR A BIENNIAL STATE OF THE ENVI RO NM ENT REPORT THAT CAN BE USED FOR
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPM EN T IN ITIATIVES (57 )

87
 Tech's Research Horizons
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS TO
FIGURE: 14 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO SUPPORT COMPLEX
SUPPORT NATIO NAL SECURITY AND M ILITARY
ANALYTICAL ASSIG NMENT
OPERATIONS
projects included in NSTIR 2030 (Table 10) is the establishment of a Science and Technol ogy Museum
to promote inf ormat io f! diffusion.
Translation of discoveries and inventions fro m laboratory to application has been a major
chal lenge in Nigeria since its indepe ndence. In the NSTI R 2030 conf iguration , this has received attention
as rega rds project pla ns. Met hods of maxi mizing it will also be developed t hrou gh research t o satisfy the
allowing objectives.
i. Build the critical mass of highly skilled manpower to transfer technology.
ii . Establish Technology Transfer Offices in Tertiary Institutions.
ii i. Increasing investment in technology incubation centres and establish functi onal S&T pa rks.
iv. Encouraging private sector participation in th e establishment and management of Techn ology
Incubation Centres and Science Parks.
v. Supporting universities and research institut es t o establish Technology Incubati on Centres
and Science Parks fo r the commercialization of R&D resu lts.
vi. Developing comprehensive and accessible data bank of all R&D results, inventions and
innovations that can be commercialized for ease of referen ce .
vii . Conducting periodic monitoring and evaluation and esta blish a feedback mechanism for
technology transfer and diffusion process.
viii.Conducting Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) to determine tech nology gaps for
appropriate actions.
ix. Improving on the incorporation of high-level imported t echnologies fo r
development.
x. Providing technology support services and other incentives to transferees.
xi. Extension and enforcement of local content law f or techno logy transfe r.
xii. Using procurement as a deliberate strategy for national development to be utilized accordingly
for technology transfer .

•4. Training and Talent Deployment

In May, 2014, the European Union funded a 11Needs Assessment of the Nigerian Education
Sector" (142 ). Among t he objectives of that study were identif ication of skills and competency gaps in
the education sector of Nigeria; and determination of how t he identified gaps could be add ressed. Whi le
Nigeria is deficient in critical vocational skills, only 31% of t he 1,670,833 students who applied to enter
tertiary institutions on 2013 were admitted (142). The implicat ion is t hat those who were not admitted
are available for alternative training but such a diversion system is inadequate in Nigeria. Of t he st udents
who are admitted into tertiary institutions in Nigeria, most graduate with very lim ited com mu nication and
other marketable skills. Figure 84 shows the range of disciplines for effective operation on private sector
tasks and public sector roles. Most tertiary institutions in Nigeria are ill-equipped to offe r t his depth of
education required to perform the listed tasks and roles.
A good education is a requirement for harvesting of opportuniti es that emerge from a knowledge-
based economy to which Nigeria aspires. Table 14 shows unemployment rates in Nigeria by educational
level (157). An inspection of the table which applies to circumstances in 2009, indicates t hat when data
on urban and rural areas are combined, unemployment among graduates of tertiary institutions averaged
21.3%, very similar to that of those who never attended any school (at 20.1%). Th is illustrates the
irrelevance of their training with respect to the job market, non-utilization of their tale nts and ingenuity
in self-initiated projects, and lack of employment opportunit ies. In the urban areas, education matters
as eVident in post-secondary unemployment rates. Table 15 shows that on a national basis, males still
dominate STEM fields at male/female ratios ranging from 2/1 to 7/1 except in biology, and f ood science
and technology. There is a need to provide more opportun ities t o wom en to fully utillle Nigeria's potential
in STI and serve the knowledge-based economy.
Among many other research capacity-building workshops held in Nigeria , the Nigerian Educational
Research and Development Council (NERDC) held a workshop from May 26 to 29, 2010. One of t he

89
 AND

Source:
Documentary Storm
FIGURE 82 : LOCALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE DOCUMENTARIES AS
A SCIENCE LITERACY PROMOTIO N METHOD

Page I 90
 Categories of
Building Capacity
~uh: , lmplementable Options

• Polic:i
• Technic
System
• Ed uca tion and
Training
• Enfore:ement and
[ncenfives

Key
MDGs =Mtllcnnium OovelopmQt'\t Goals

FlGURE: 84: TRIPLE RINGS OF DISCIPLINES AND MECHANISMS FOR DEPLOYMENT IN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

observations at the Workshop was that 411'1 0 nation can forfe ahead In our globalized world without
the fight persons with the knowledge and skills that are necessary in our world ot ltttomuJum
technology'. One of the recommendations was that ~eachlfli of Information literacy (SIC ICT) In
lttstltml~ms shof!Jid be emphas/iZed as to encourage llte~10mg leamimg, and understand th~ nature
lttt<Jrmatlon and tts use•. Lifelong learning implies that educati on should begin from childhood and
through retirement using classroom-based instruction, laboratory work, field experience, and
discussion, all of which are illustrated by Figures 85-89.
The Hays Global Skills Index (7 4) covers many significant educational parameters re lative
capacity to satisfy the labor market. The parameters covered are: educational flexibil ity, labor 1
participation, labor market flexibility, talent mismatch, ove rall wage pressure, wage pressure in h
industries, and wage pressure in high-skills occupations. These facto rs also apply to the Nigerian ski
development environment. In his keynote lecture at the 55th annual conference of the Science T
Association of Nigeria (STAN) in Asaba , Delta State of Nigeria on August 18, 2014, Prof . Hilary I. lnya
(201) recommended that in formal courses, STEM stude nts in secondary and tertiary institutions
be made to know that the purpose of their technical education is not to receive a certificate but
contribute to efforts aimed at creating options for sustai nable development of society, producing
for decision support systems, developing human resources and capacity, and creation of philoso1
and products. The educational experience should foster original thinki ng and inventiveness in stu
and professionals at all levels.
Bolu and Egbo (168) performed a study of the rol e of high er educational instit utions in
development of ICT professionals for innovation in Nigeria. They discovered that Nigerian uni
teach a very wide array of ICT courses as shown in table 17. Nigerian employers generate the de
structure shown in Table 18 for ICT skills. Proficiency in UNIX Operating Systems, Data
Administration and VSAT/WirelessjTechnologies the demand list. A cursory evaluation of facilities
most of the schools will indicate that they are grossly inadeq uate, which is one of the reasons for
deficiencies that most employers have detected in the ski ll set s of gra duates from STEM programmes
 rian universities, especial ly, on techniqu es that re qu ire experience with measurement techniques
other kinds of equipment/field operations.
Nigeria's l.ndustrial Revolution Roadmap includes th e setu p of ind ustrial clust ers in vari ous
s of Nigeria. Currently, most of the potentia l locations lack the STEM ski ll base required to support
ies that rely on STI. Mobi lity of labour can be counted upon t o remedy skills defi ciencies but to a
Stability and equity requ ire that local content be ensured in t he ope ration of the planned clusters.
16 shows the distributi on of undergrad uate enrollments in sc ience-based faculties of Nigerian
ities by region, from 199 7 to 2006. Numbers have changed but it is doubtful that the pattern has
d since t he study. From th e results, it can be concluded that gender inequity is ve ry severe in the
west in favour of male stude nts but surprisingly reversed in the South West in some f ields.
Considering vocat ional training, it is very essential to the economic development of Nigeria.
ly, the best ski lls set structure for Nigeria's ind ustri.alization is one t hat si.mu lates a tria ngle with a
set of ski lled workers at t he level of technicians at the base {not necessarily in pay); graduates
polytechnics and engineeri ng schools in th e middle; and highly specialized experts at the top. The
hierarchy shou ld interm ix and collaborate on programmes and projects in the laboratories,
ms, designs offices and demonstration sites to spur Nigerla.'s growth in STI for support of the
s bid for tndustria l revol.ution.
Training of artisans, tech nicians and project managers is a part of this NSTIR 2030. This will be
massively, not just for em pl oyers but for self-generation of employers as well. Table 19 shows the
vocations that wi ll be cove red along wit h the duration of training and apprenticeship. Training terms
fro m 6 t o 9 months depending on t he trainee's ent ry qualifications, including experience.
·ceshi p t erms range from 3 t o 6 months depending on the type of vocation. It is envisaged that
access to capital follow ing training and apprenticeship, this project combined with initiatives
by other units of t he Federa l and State Governments, will reduce unemployment to single
with in the next 10 years. The various vocations covered by this planned project are illustrated in
90-121. The skills devel opment plans that are included as part of NSTIR 2030 is consistent with
following objectives of Nigeria 's STI Policy.

i. Producing world class scientists, engineers and technologists who are well grounded in theory,
practice of basic sciences and t he needs of entrepreneurship.
ii. Providing adequate support for continuous training of academic staff in tertiary and research
institutions.
iii. Strengthening curricu la in techn ol ogical entrepreneurship and management of technology for
science and engineering students.
iv. Mainstreaming students in the Arts and Social Sciences to appreciate the relevance of STI to
profitabil ity in business as well as national development.
v. Encouraging and providing opportunities for the products of informal training schemes in STI
to go for further formal train ing.
vi. Strengthen ing capacity building institutions within the military, public and private sectors of
the economy.
vii . Facilit ating on-the-job standard ized training for professionals in STI organizations.
vii i. Promoting academic-i ndustry exchange programmes to enhance knowledge sharing.
Technology Deployment and Commercialization in Key Socio-Economic Sectors
For at least, the past 45 years, Nigeria has operated a mono-economy that has foc used on oil and
Nigeria's current economic development posture wh ich is best expressed in both the 2017
ic Recovery and Growth Plan, and the National Industrial Revolution Plan (2014) is focused on
rsificat ion ofthe economy. The effort is on adding value t o Nigeria's abundant raw materials t hrough
ustrial scale processing before domestic use and export. Nigeria 's large populat ion is also an asset
use innovation that has value can ta ke advantage of a large domestic market. This includes service
such as ICT. The types of innovation t hat Nigeria .is targeting as catalogued in the various national
and sector plans, most of which are summarized in Table 5 , Table 10 and Appendix 1, require
deployment of technologies . Very few examples of the opportunities available and the technologies
required are summarized below.

• Agricultu re: the Nigerian agricu ltural sector needs modernization and expansion. For almost any crop,
demand exceeds supply as shown in Table 20. It is th e largest sector of the Nigerian economy with a
40% contri bution to the count ry's economy. Farming is mostly at small scale in communities. Among
t he techn ologies that need to be deployed to boost agricultural producti vity in Nigeria are:
i. Technologies for local productio n of fertilize r
ii. Tec hnologies fo r im provement of seeds
iii. Technologies for crop preservation and processing for export
iv. Pest control and irrigation technologies
• Manufacturing: Nigeria 's manufacturing sector typically contributes less than 10% of Nigeria's GOP
which ra nks below the average for Africa as shown in Figure 122. Still as evi dent in Figu re 123,
Nigeri a has the largest factory sector in Africa when it is not measured on a per capita basis. Electric
power supply and poor infrastructure are the two most critical constraints. In order t o improve
Ntgerla'·s manufact uring sector, the following technologies need to be deployed.
i. Efficient and cost-effective machinery fo r mass production of goods
ii. Low-cost technologies for processing or harvesting of raw mate ri als
iii. Sustainablejret:)ewable power systems for facto ries and operat ions
iv. Technologies for exacting measurements to ena ble good quality assura nce program mes
v. Manufacturing technologies that can easily be operated an d ma intained in th e Nigerian
environment. (see the manufacturing indices in Figure 124).
• Mining; Nigeria has about 44 solid minerals that occur in sufficient quantities to drive midst ream a
downstream operations in this sector. Among these minerals are iron ore, coal , manganese, ti
limestone, bentonite and several others. Table 2 1 is a summary of the object ives and
requirements of the mining sector in Nigeria while Figu re 125 addresses the action it ems planned
the current mi ning roadmap of Nigeria (164). The potent ial of the mining industry t o contribute
Nigeria's ec.onomy is illustrated in Figures 126 and 127. The critical technologies that need to
deployed t o enhance mining in Nigeria are stated below:
i. Mechanical excavation technologies that are capable of beneficiatio n
dust ing
ii. Technology for improvement of the stability of underground min es
iii. Material haulage technology to rel ieve miners who currently haul materials by hand
iv. Technology for rescue of workers who could be trapped underground
v. Mineral processing technology that can increase recovery of precious metal
vi. Advanced technology for segregation of materials based on th eir physical characteristics
vii. Facilities for micro/micro-observation of the textures, internal mi neralogy and flaws
materials
vi ii. Technology for steel making and forming in different shapes for export and
manufacturing process
ix. Technologies for aerial-based and ground-based resource ma pping
• Energy Systems (Electric Powe~r}: In Nigeria's Vision 20:2020, the target for electric power
was 35,000 MW by 2020. That prospect is currently bleak but mu ch more effort st ill needs to
made to deploy technologies to diversify Nigeria's electricity generation, transmission
distribution , especially with opportun ities offered by renewables. The two most economically f""""ihla
renewable energy systems for powering small-medium sca le businesses and communities in
are solar energy systems (both photovoltaic and thermal systems) and wind energy systems.
radiation provides opportunity for tapping of that ene rgy resource t hroughout Nigeria.
93
 TABLE 14: UNEM PLOYMENT RATES BY EDUCATIONAL GROUP, AGE GROUP AND SEX (MARCH
2009) (157)

.6 . '1.6
17
11 .5
16. {'

an .2
1
nd

- -

TABLE' 15: UNDERGRADUATE ENROLLMENT(%) BY SEX AND REGION IN INDIVIDUALS&T COURSES

(1997 -2006) (158)

in

Source: (Reference no. 158), Trends in~Enrollmeni~ Graduatiorl and Staffiflg()fScience and Technology
Education in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions (2013)
 SCHOOL

Source: The Guardian Nigeria

FlGURE' 89: NURSERY SCHOOL STUDENTS LEARNING ICT EARLY IN THEIR EDUCATIONAL
EXPERIENCE

95
TABLE 17: ICT COU RSE TITLES IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES (168)

t Hmpuh.·r t\\llll "' 't l nl\t tl:.li't•t illfllflllalt~>n , ,.n,\nn.· \l\'"'"'"'"'" i<"
l ' ~·im.· "· rh• ~- St~l,: l \ .,. ~·\ 'h·tn t -:\· uu..h·~" ln,•hw''''"" lli"Otlt'.:t'hl
hh ·,,n, • I.• ' · \Hh · ,\ h h \ .t tl \'1\ ..\. \ k\.IMH '~ -.....
t \ HHlH tli\..U ..... )t
M l'- ;.\ : t.\ Up\.1'-..·t ~ tn\~l~~u ' Ul t o;:)UHHUtlh." .llhln
I\\. hth: ' h,~·~
S,-, "ll\.' ..._.. ltth•nn.;.aU \.ttl h· hlhlh\~· ~
\ )~,.· ~.· ll.l\l'\ ~1 \ h..' '
( \ltnpt..th."l , l...hh...·~ ~tu•.}n "' \l.ma~~Hh.:' J il ~nt, .. ·m; tl ion
l · n~in~,.,·rt n ~
l .n!o! nh,""\.~ rin ~~ t. \llll Jl ~ll ·-r " ' 1-..·n ..-..... rnttl fll~J lh.).l) ~ ... \ ..."!}\ h hn\•h ·l-=~

<.\)tllput~..· • s~.,· h:· ••l·,· ,\.

t Hlllf'~tkr "'-' h;'H~o.'\~
ln\tWIHitii O H
,\. l~n~ •n~rm~
k hnnlnl!~
t.J,·,:tf\lllil.'' (\,
t 'umplth.:r \\. i t..· t t~.·,· S.; tl."lh."l..' ~\:.. t 'omput.:t. h\ln\llldth~n
l\•mput.:r
"ith ["'·un~Htn~o.· , b.h.t~o.·atum T~..: · hn,)l,,~ .'
l .t,~incc•in~
l . k""t.:tll\.' ;1~
t ' UJ\l.'lt.l\~1 ~~i "lh: \: l .i fat'~ tr.\.. 'l ·k~\ll\llUUili'-· ; tli\Hl
{ 't•mpuh.'t
,'(; ~l~tlh\."nMtK' ' lnh, ,rt\Mti,~u S"'' t~o.· u~o:,.. \ \\tlla~,~ t \l\.'111
t .n~il\t.'l"titl~
t ' \>tl\tJUI<f S.t,\t),~\ ., \\ l t h ( \ )••)pUtr'l '· \nfnn)t;,tiPtt S~o,·il'"' n l..'t'

Fkl·t~-nati'" ! (\HllplH\•t s\.~tC'IH.'t;" hrtbtot:nation S) q~·tn T "'"''hnnhl~)

Ll''''ttk~•l ' lnh.•rtll3ti\.'n · ~ .,h,'tl\
~.k('t((lllh... ~ &, l. ' l"\1\\"Hl i..;:,

t'e>mput 'l
tk,·tronies
f\lHlpUlt"T S\·ie-ll('\""
\\ i•h f:l~t'li"VIlil',
l'Olllpll\l.' f with
Stati,ti'' '

lnfo.rnmti1>n
N:c~Oltf"-'"'

,S,lm·~r.·e : /\.u\!.1) ''' t;n.,lH\ j"1 i ~n 1\dtt\\,.,.h,Hh

Eng in~,·r in" in 1 i);l'ti<l tCORfi ' l, :!Ul~

TABLE 18: SPECIFIC SKILLS REQUI RED BY NIGERIAN EMPLOYERS (168)

_.lob Spedtlt· Skills lntportanl'l'

28. 1Oo/o

13.22o/o
8.68o/o
7.44o/o
7 .44o/o
6.20o/o
5.37 o/o
7.85o/o

IOO.OO o/o

96
TABLE 16: UNDERGRADUATE ENROLLMENT BY SEX AND REGION IN SCIENCE BASED FACULTIES
(158)

\' 6 61D 4111 .f:\2

..:. ?e. 38 62 :? ~a
~· 3-11 Br
.I'.. 3 "7~5 :25 ~l 77 318 64 .2t "'~'9 $6 ft..
~·
·~~ R7 11D .Bill ~~~ 71 4JD 61:3 3T oB l1
.I'..
n •~
<:1$ ~Ill ?m 316 a.. .0::"+ ~

3'1 7n ;!:~I :!:1 7e' a.s 6:2 :~ uo ·'"t ,.

... ~
R'7 7rB :!:4 2t 1e1 ..fliD 81!) ;!:.4 76 3.9 61
{ i\'" ~;to ~~I n ~ uw .. ... ~a

{{ it !tl~ 19 91 1
•'"It
'
f
o'A,.:lfliI
ll ~
7-tl
tl.:J
,
1 !BSI
~g,
tS
tS
92
92
1
1
3.ofl lBtl 34 66 1 ~~ 1g, 91 1'
tS 92 11 ~1

1
' I'
1
,! ;I)
""' .
,all "!! :VI.JI ./..L {4:\
. ..
'l 'i
1~1 4B ...
!j::J 2 ~3 2l ,. ,r ,.
,.,
~
~ .t"'t

.'f~- !J:;"t Jl tt!Ri . .. ~1""1 •) \it --

Source: (Reference no. 158), Trends in Enrollment, Graduation and Staffing of Science and Technology
Education in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions (2013)

97
ABLE 19: ARRAY OF ARTISAN TRADES FOR QUICK TRAINING OF NIGERIAN JOB SEEKERS FOR GAINFUL
EMPLOYMENT

TECHNICIAN/ARTISAN TRADES FOR TRAINING

• •
• • •

198
Source: Medical World Ni
FIGURE 104: MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN OPERATIONS

100
Source: Nairaland
FIGURE 106: ROAD/ RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION
TECHNICIAN OPERATIONS
RGURE 121: LANDSCAPING

TABLE 20: GAPS IN NIGERIA DEMAND AN D SUPPLY ACROSS KEY CROPS AND ACTIVITIES (2016
ESTIMATE 165

7 .ill ITii'l i llliorr

102
 The average annual solar radiation ranges frorn 12.6 MJjsquare rneter-day in the Southern
coastal areas to about 25.2 MJ/ square rneter-day in the far North (109). At 50-rneter height where
only the most ·advanced and expensive turbin es can rea ch, wind velocities ran ge fro m 2
rnetersjsecond to 8 rnetersjsecond. At 10meter height, where lowe r technology devices can be
install ed , wind speed ranges from about 2 meters/ second in coastal areas to 4 meters/second in
the far North (109).
Figure 128 shows the prevalent system of processing materials in villages across Nigeria. It is
desirable to replace manual labou r with machines that can increase food and materials production
rates. Figures 129-131 illustrate the solar energy potential and utility as an energy source in Nigeria.
In Table 22 , t he availability and energy value of each sou rce of biomass in Nigeria is presented. In
the future , Nigeria will need to develop and implement technology for capturing carbon emissions
from power plants and factories for sequestration in the ocea n floor as illustrated in Figu re 132. In
the absence of affordable, scaled-down renewabl e energy tech nologies and gainful employment in
productive sectors of the economy, cutting of wood loca l energy supply and sale is likely to increase
for deforestation which is schematically illustrated in Figu re 134. The technologies that need to
deployed are listed below.
i. Technologies for utilization of Nigeria 's wasted gas to generate electricity
ii. Technologies for sourcing electric power from wastes and other organic materials
iii. Technologies for installation of solar panels to provide 60-70 percent of the electricity needs
of households
iv. Technology 'for implementation of wind and solar power installations that can provide
sufficient energy to power small-medium sca le industries
v. Technologies to remove and neutralize emissions from machinery, including electric power
generators
vi. Clean coal technologies to support Nigeria's plan t o use coa l to generate power as a part of
the electric power mix
vii. Energy storage devices that are suitable for use in Nigeria
viii. Technologies for disposal of energy industry wastes
• Oil~and..Gas; Oil-and-gas is the mainstay of Nigeria's revenue. Crude oil accou.nts for more than 90%
of Nigeria's exports and brings in about 80% of Nigeria's revenue. About 65% of Nigerian oi l has a
specific gravity above 35% API with very low sulphu r content. At the end of 2010, Nigeria had proven
oil reserves estimated at 37,2 billion barrels with 5.29 trillion cubic meters of gas reserves (2.82%of
the global total). Nigeria's current interest is to expand the midstream and downstream parts of its
oil and gas industry. This implies engagement in the manufacture of petrochemi cal s, fertilizers,
methanol, plastics and refined products. Examples of t he techn ologies that the Nigerian oil industry
needs to deploy are stated below.

i. Technologies for deep-sea drilling

ii. Underwater oil exploration technologies
iii. Gas capture technologies to cease flaring
iv. Innovative systems for powering oil platforms
v. Modular refining technologies
vi. Technologies for protecting pipelines against van dal ism
vii. Effective fire retardation technologies
viii. Technologies for developmenVproduction of composite materials with petroleum products
Figure 135 shows the spatial distribution of Nigerian oil facilities. Figure 136 shows elaborate
piping at a Nigerian natural gas installation. The waystat ions linked by the West African Gas Pipeline
that runs along the coast from Ghana to Nigeria are shown in Figu re 137 while a typical oil drilling rig

103
Is

e
Source: KPMG (2015 ), Manufacturing in Africa
-- Source "'f1Q Ban '

~r
--- --- -
FIGURE 122: MANUFACTUR ING OUTPUT OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES (2013) AS A PERCENTAGE OF
THEIR GDPS
f

Afrl.e '$ Largnt Factory S cto 2013- Seleeted Manufacturing Seeto~

("/. of African Tot!ll}, 20U
.o 0. :> 0 0.0 3 l,
n I rrt.. ' l

Source: KPMG (2015), Manufacturing in Africa

FIGURE 123: FEATURES OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN 2013

1104
 -... :-..., ft

(b)
(a)

Source: KPMG (2015), Manufacturing in Africa

FlGURE 124; THE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT IN SPECIFIC AFRICAN COUNTRIES COM PARED
TO CIRCUMSTANCES IN REGIONAL BLOCS WITHIN AND OUTSIDE AFRI CA (A)
MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT INDEX, (B) NATURE OF DOMESTIC CO MPANI ES'
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN INTERNATIONAL MAR KETS. (201)

105
 - -
TABLE 21: IMPLEMENTATIO N OBJECTIVES AN D ACTION PLAN OF THE ROAD MAP FOR THE GROWTH
AND DEVELOPM ENT OF THE NIGERIAN MINING INDUSTRY (164)

t"-1 m1 illda'Strit~J mineraf strategy tJi> b~t t h - IOOll -. ·:.:")fi ·i>liJll'f tti!rou.11 h
util i~ ·.on o · dom-e-s • mi ratio
o Oeweloping on etil~Y mit»CnR$ 1itri.lregy fot ·· JS t:: illil'\tdl ilt'lodltlll-str1al f ili.'N;.etr
~r~r illt.liOfl'a osil~ - ~gt:!riilln lt(),ijltt r -sootr~t~s
c O:evelopit»q rJre ~i!1 I sec. ~r p~ e -solid lb.lll botm .or n .; lfatJ · • cturir g ttnd
ilndos ill!• _ ,o.noni

<~• ll'flllriWin(J lh · q~lily cmd breadth j)j g~ · iemijic dirta f]illht!Ned itn ,; ~1:- -d' ·tent
m-3tnt :.; thillt w iUII Mequ;n-~y driv.e in 'SUYt;ettt - m.vth
<:J /«kqiJI(;tl:i ly at-r~:hivmg a»d Jt ·.-emint1litlg th injMnoliml iJiJrl•e~""ii In t"Jl<xkm /on»ol:is
«> tief\SIJI . r.e~ ~-si blility 00 un .. t.or'S - nd () ~j fill . " - ~t.ed p;,rti ·_:
n a:n n t
C) 8uilditl!l the requinetl rrtht»K:ul mm m<1rm · · :· ~ w
· n-s.J t · 'StU~ of ~t.e· dy loent r-cqu tlred
<:J En'>uril'lfl ..'iK:iikl :equity itt thi! l<1hmir jMr~:e · ~o... ssu ~ : b ·:. · ~illi!ItU tl)

WiOI!f · ,-.. nd ttlhT -,

c:. (J"(.~l:ititJ rite , · . $iltty ahri11<1¥Y ififro.i.i:tuel ure to ~ l'!f..il ·" t~r~wii• t_~f tho:! ; · i:NJI'
Ill. tliolllit ly : tnd f"~ IOtlitll
CJ oadlmit~ ~i> ro fitwrH:::e tn)d ir"tlfJt"o . ·,-,g th -
li• ot• --it~ .'!ltl~ :Itt · ·- ·n·-··::. of (i'Df~t n) In · · Wl''i nH. itl

Source: Roadmap for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry (2016)

lin o k ion i. p

Source: Roadmap for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry (2016)

F'IGURE 125 : ACTION ITEMS FOR THE POLICY ROADMAP (164)

 n or a minina plan wil1 unlock signitacan

!h
o GllP ( 2>~0 15 - ~a5 )

'_.;;: t ~

;· · •!:1\.<':l
r;\~:>~

4_ :: ,,, b~
?• .. r-1
t • .'
\ ;.. ~

l-'
I i
!.

~ 1'":. t• l • 1'" " j l "1 ., '

"' ' " " . t ... ,) ~

"' ~ .."' a c- t\ l" ,_' l J< 1 1 ~1 t /n/4 ttu ~.

W Wt ( . Wit· 4«... t"'tft ~ tC:0.• 9t• Olllt..r ittl t l r\rl~t ,~, ! "'illl!l . ~ .,..,'fl i"rian. . . --:t'l~~i !~ ~ tn u i. Jillftt it'ftA;.Ifo\ 111 qtflt. ~~ ~~ ~.kbl ~mtitlMt. n'ttlV$..-ll'fli • 'W~il h t iK~~f'i lt ll: • ~ll ..... r ~"' ... .,_., .t\'lln'l1
t:~~~r.~.,::~<,.~!,~:t t:,.,'l'r..-.~i~.1t~:~~~~~~n;~-;< u~~~~~~~t~"~~l~~~~~~~1!.~:~~'1!l,~;~:~~~; l~~~'l:!,:,;~~~t~,';:~~hw,~....,m~
1
'flttMt lb-I· Mn to't M '"' .q,1~ ~~ • · M•< t.fl 'fk:t'l {}fH:t ;:l l"..,~, i:",u,J"'iil rf l'f'Q itl\."j.! l'.H.tU · il.'tt « 1""t:~t~""t" it<t.• 1~.otl\.b,o, ,:e;,, .., ,irl. f'f;1y¥ if.r~ tl 'M i" Ho ·" it!f~otlo<ilfliY".fn'l ~•<111 "•"' >J' 'A lo""'tl ri~l ~~ ....rt1t~ 1~ :,):):w, --~
~W ho ,.-...rt. J.. ~to 'r.vm:ua r. .1Jiis

Source: Roadmap for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mi ning Industry (201 6)

FIGURE 126: MINING SECTOR'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO GDP(164)

ro ~ .QWf~T C.ON'TRIBUlOR
ttl:R ·~t'ANI
to"h nu :.; ttt :! (~ ~.lal' ( 'i '( ' ~ ·Co t tr » -! ~ ·:.;.: H lu. {~ D n .:.tl ' t: ·; ~ t c.u ~1 :;,.., •:.:.H't · itJ ... l,_i.;,n \.'• 'Hi 't i' IY ~ t!.:.l -:.H t <.·· ( ~p

t , ,I ~H: \ <
l <l (i IHI.H ' ' ( ~'> )
4: :) -~

l ·; a,..,. ·D

.! :.··-"'
~J 18 .(·

1.1

------,
I Q ~!l I
f' fi 0
-
~
l i ( If I
~
~
I ( ' F*ij ip'(
~
~
I .,.- t;- ;;
~
~
' (~ F \- ( ~ ~p F
~
~
I
~
c
I ' f 4 ( ( '
l"'i ~•t,. ,'Y:V I ~ :'tt.' ll •.:.'"" h t t .._
Rl'vub n. t·'
S •.' J l 1t .!1\l r \. .;~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
"' ... ~.' ~• l l !f C

~'" ~f:~)tWI ~~~ dr ~Ut ~~i (lo.! ~~~ . U-~~ ~ 4~

Source: Roadmap for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry (2016)
FIGURE 127: HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF MINERALS AND MINING SECTOR TO NIG ERIA'S GOP
(164)

Page 1107
and a portab le refinery of the type that needs to be massivel y deployed in Nigeria are shown in Figures
138 and 139, respectively.

Informati on and Com munication Technol ogy ICT: ICT is a ra pidly growing sector in Nigeria. ICT is
inextricably tied to various sc ience and tech nology secto rs of the FMST. In order f or Nigeria t o becom e
a leading economy by 2030, high-speed broadband technology needs t o be developed and
implemented such that it covers at least, 80% of the country. Nigeria has also deployed a satellite in
space with signifi ca nt be nefits. Figu re 140 shows the growth effects of ICT in two categories of
economies as rati onale fo r investment in ICT by Nigeria. The ubiquity of ICT utilities in all sectors of a
country's economy ls lll ustrated ln Table 2 3. Nigeria has a. Nati ona l Broadband Plan-2013-2018 to
respond to t he ra pidly growing appli catio ns of ICT and existing deficiencies in ICT infrastructure.
Figure 141 shows t he growth of internet and telecom use in Nigeria. A modern mobile computing
platform t hat wi ll increasingly support soci al and business operations in Nigeria is illustrated in Figure
142.
With a population of about 170 million , Nigeria had about 116.6 million telephone lines in
February 20 13 (13 7) . Four active GSM operators retained 96% market share. Three active CDMA
keep the remainder. There is 98% 2G coverage of Nigeria but 35% 3G coverage , mostly restricted to
urban areas. As reported in the Nigerian National Broadband Plan , internet penetration is 33% while
broad band penetration is just 6%. There is a primary fiber-optic Backbone Infrastructure throughout
Nigeria but services they are mostly concentrated in urban areas. In terms of ICT infrastructure, there
were about 25,000 base stations in 20 12, about 116,000 km of microwave radio coverage, and
41,000 km of fi ber optic network. In th e ICT sector, more of the same needs to be implemented to
expa nd coverage to all areas of Nigeria. The specific technologies are listed below.

i. Science and technology development for broadband technologies to cover 90%of the
country by 2030.
ii. Science and tech nology development for 4G LTE mobile telephone to cover over 90% of
t he country by 2030. ~
\
iii. ICT technologies t hat enable effective operation of e-Government in Nigeria
iv. ICT technologies t hat su pport democratic election processes in Nigeria
v. A su ite of technol ogies to operate ground-based support cent er for Nigeria's space travel
and satell ite lau nch operati ons.
vi. Advanced but appropriate technologies to massively support distance learning by working
class Nigerians wh o seek professional improvement.
Health and Environment Commun icable diseases are estimated to constitute 66% of the total
disease burden and morbidity of Nigerians (223). Among them are malaria, diarrhoea, acute
respirat ory infections, tuberculosis, HIV/ AIDS and neglected tropical diseases. Although the average
life expectancy increased fro m 46 yea rs in 2008 to 52.62 years in 2013 (225), about 12 % of men
and women have high probabilities of dying between the ages of 15 and 50 (223). Of the 27
accred ited med ica l schools in 2012, 21 are in the southern part while 6 are in the northern part of
Nigeria. The annual graduation rate of doctors is about 2,300 but medical facilitates are very poor
across the country.
Environmental proble ms in Nigeria range from waste dumping in sensitive locations, including
city ce nters to intense air pollution in major cities. Large scale environmental challenges are
desertification (in the north), gully erosion (in the central and southern regions), oil spi llages in the
Niger Delta and surface/gro undwat er contamination in all regions. The impacts of global climate
change are being felt through the increasing frequency and intensity of floods, migration of pests to
new habitats and ecological challenges. The following technologies need to be deployed to improve
human health and environmental conditions in Nigeria.
i. Technologies for non-intrusive or minimally intrusive surgeries
ii. Te lemedicine tech nologies and facilities
iii. More accurate technologies fo r body/organ imaging
108
 SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
(ILLUSTRATING WITH SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM)
COURTESY OF U.S DEPT. OF ENERGY

s:oo Carbon Sequestration Options

Fuetwood

TABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES AND THEIR ESTIMATED I FlG.URE CARBON S EQUESTRATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF A
QUANTITIES IN NIGERIA TECHNICAL SOLUTION

109
 W•••• Unloadlft.C

t- ·"" ~, .... .
l . ·"" ~

Recovered
Materials M1terl1.1
Wast e

FIGURE: 133: WASTE TO ENERGY SYSTEMS CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN NIGERIA (lnyang ( ) )

CUTTING OF TREES AND

SHRUBS FOR FIREWOOD IS A
CONTRIBUTOR TO

Fronti rFor I M dto I I

on-f r ti r For t

FIGURE: 134: DEFORESTATION IS A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN NIGERIA

Page 1110
 0

Source: lib.utexas.edu/ manc-/.,fr;,...,,...,;,.,.r;., 1979

FIGURE 135: THE OUTLAY OF NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS FI ELDS

West African Gas Ptpeline NI GER~

New Onshore Pi ehne
GHANA BENIN

FIGURE

FlGURE 139: PORTABLE OIL REFI NERY

111
 Gro th Effect s of I CT
fi n p cc l~gc points)
1 ...
l :. .
1. ..

.,,,
. ,... 0 . ~. 1

L.t,•.t , rd d l ~ t · l ' ) \l•'

l ',
P :· l) l ' ; , Ill i
0.. : a 11

Original data source : Qiang et al, (2009) World Bank.

Source: (Reference no. 137'), Nigeria's National Broadband Plan 2013-2018
FIGURE 140: EFFECTS OF ICT ON ECONOMIES

Source: (Reference no. 137), Nigeria's Na.tlonal Broadband Plan 2013-2018

TABl E 23: EXAMPLES OF POSSIBLE E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES

112
 I - t .-., 4-. l n I •~ t.-o t •; • • • i. t '\

l ut~ 1- f.~ ii.lo \ I'" ' H • \! -. 1 \ o"ll l \

Source: (Reference no, 1.37). Nigeria's National Broadband Plan 201. 3-2018

FIGURE 14 1: NIGERIA'S TELE-DENSITY AND INTERNET PE NETRATI ON

, - / ....

' -~ Internet
and )
' L/
(- Cloud
-
_ ~--
_._.,-:_ -

Data Consuming Activities:

Music streaming
Video s t reaming
Social networking
Cloud sync/apps
Web browsing
Content downloading

f i.GURE 142: SMART DEVICE AND DATA APPLICATIONS

'• ' 113

 iv. Tech nologies fo r largescale and clean production of va ccines and drug
v. Tec hnologies fo r medical em ergencies and resuscitation
vi . Air po llut ion co ntrol tech nologi es for old automob ile and machines
vii. Po rtable wate r t reat ment t ec hnologies fo r households and small commu nities
viii. Tech nologies f or predi cti ng and monitoring of contaminant em issions and transport
patte rns f rom sources
ix. Techno logies fo r extracti ng contam ination from runoff
x. Techn ologies fo r cost-effective cleanup/remediation of oil polluted sites

Science Literacy Improvement and Public Engagement

NSTIR 2030 cove rs fo ur major proj ects on science literacy improvement as catalogued in Table
They are the Scie nce and Technology Museum; the Junior Engineers and Techn ician Clubs Support;
Science Talent Hunting t hrough out Nigeria ; and Implementation of National Science and Technology
petiti on. Many other projects on direct science advocacy and information dissemination also
plement t hese projects. Altoget her, t hey will satisfy the following objectives and approaches of the
Policy on STI promotion.
i. Encouraging relevant stakeholders to provide students at primary and secondary schools,
as well as t echnical coll eges with broad-based curricula comprising relevant scientific
kn owledge and vocationa l skills.
ii . Promoting broad-based cu rricula comprising relevant scientific knowledge and vocational
sk ills for schools and coll eges.
iii. Providing pol icy incent ives t o Nigerian youths for career development inS&T fields.
iv. Popularizing STI through regular technology fairs, exhibitions, S&T clubs and the mass
media (films, newspapers, radio, television , internet, etc.)
v. Supporting program mes of the professional S&T bodies concerned with building STI
capac ity.
vi . Improving cond itions of servi ce of STI professionals to encourage creativity and innovation.
vii. Utilizing as much as possibl e Nigerian STI personnel and institutions fo r consultancy when
such expertise is avai lable.
vii i. Recognition of individual or institutional contributions to development through application
of STI.
ix. Empowering women in the uti lization of STI for economic development.
x. Increasing local cont ent in industrial processes and engineering infrastructure
development activities.
xi. Encouraging t he establ ishment or strengthening of S&T Ministries at the State level.
xii. Encouraging the development and use of local languages for the transfer of
xii i. STI knowledge t o th e formal and informal sectors of the economy.
xiv. Promoting inventions and innovations that address immediate local needs.
7. System Monitoring, Evaluation and lrnprovement
All the projects and programm es listed in Table 5 and Table 10 as part of NSTIR 2030 need to be
itored with respect to implementation. The FMST monitoring approaches that will be used to monitor
projects are as follows.
i. A project progress sum ma ry t o be authored bimonthly and submitted to the Center Director
and the Office of t he Permanent Secretary of FMST
ii. A semi-an nual report with t he same submission requirement

114
 iii . A final report subm itted to the Centre Director, the Permanent Sec retary of FMST, the FMST
Minister's Office and ot h~r persons and units of Government as directed by the Minister
an dj or Permanent Secreta ry
iv. A completed st andardized form signed by all the principal investigators, covering
accomplishments of the project, follow-up plan , list for implementation, and plan for
dissem ination of results including publication , television presentation and press briefing

4.0 NSTIR 2030 SYSTEM SUPPORT REQUI REMENTS

1. Better Coordination of Science and Technol,ogy Projects and Programmes Across Agencies
Through the FMST, the Federal Government of Nigeria will provide strong leadership , effective
coordination and adequate resources for the implementation of NSTIR 2030 in consistence with
Nigeria 's STI Polley. It will convene all stakeholders, including agencies of th e Federa l, State and Local
Governments, the private sector, academia, multi-latera l organizat ions, non-profit organizations,
community groups and private individuals t o implement activities that support Nigeria's National
Innovation System. The structures and modalities are outlined below.
• Nationa l Research and Innovation Council (NRLC)
The f unctions of NRIC as the apex oversight body on research and innovation in Nigeria are as
follows:
• Setting of general national priorities for engagement of R and D
• Provision of general guidance and directions on coordination of STI activities in Nigeria in line
with national interests
• Ratification of plans to establish new institutes and st rengt hen existing ones as necessary
• Facilitation of fund raising to support STI activities in Nigeria
With respect to the governance structure of NRIC, t he membership and its leadership are
follows:

• The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Chairman)

• Hon. Minister of Science and Technology (Deputy Chairman)
• Hon. Minister of Communication
• Hon. Minister of Agriculture
• Hon. Minister of Industries, Trade and Investment
• Hon. Minister of Education
• Hon. Minister of Health
• Hon. Minister of Solid Minerals
• Hon. Minister of Works, Power and Housing
• Hon. Minister of Petroleum Resources
• Hon. Minister of Environment
• Hon. Minister of Water Resources
• Hon. Minister of Women Affairs
• Hon. Minister of Transport
• Hon. Minister of Mines and Steel Development
• FMST Mlmistrlal Assembly on Seietnee, Teelmotogy and Innovation (FMST-MASTI)
FMST-MASTI is a consultative forum that will be held annually or sub-annually as necessary,
in conjunction with the National Science and Technology Week. Its objectives are stated below.
i. Review of STI activities, needs, challenges and app roaches to addressi ng them at
jurisdictional levels of Nigeria.
ii. Enhancement of opportunities for interact ion among STI stakeholders across various
political jurisdictions and economic sect ors
1:115
 iii. Facilitation of active and productive interactions and co llaborat ions among STI
stakeholders in Nigeria
iv. Exhibition of opportunities an d techno logies that can en hance achievement of
Nigeria's STI objecti es
v. Report by t he Honorable Minister on achievements and future directions on STI
vi. Release of " Biennial State of STiln Nigeria " Report
FMST-MASTI will have a Control Group that will be chaired by the Hon. Minister of FMST on a
nent basis wit h t he Perma nent Secretary of the FMST as the First Secretary aided by two Associate
~,. ..~t _, •• ,, ..,. from t he private sector and academia respectively. Membership of the Control Group will be
terms of two years, renewable at the pleasu re of its Chairman. Guidance on membership is provided
. Sub-Com mittees may be fo rmed to address specific matters
i. Th e Hon. Ministe r of Science and Technology (Cha irman )
ii . The Permanent Secretary of FMST (First Secretary)
iii. Private Sector Representative (Associate Secretary)
iv. Academia Representative (Associate Secretary)
v. All St ate Commissioners of Science and Tech
vi. Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (3 members)
vii . Chambers of Co mmerce (3 members)
viii . All Directors of FMST Research Centers
ix. Directors of critical Non-FMST Centers and Institutes
x. National Academ ies (3 members)
xi. Trade Unions (4 members)
xi i. The Press (3 mem bers)
xi ii . Academic Institutions (4 members)
xiv. Development Pa rtners (4 members)
xv. Commun ity Groups (4 mem bers)
National Advisory Council on Seiemce, Technol{!Jgy (NACST)
Th is is the highest-level techn ical committee of external advisors and experts on science,
nology and innovation (STI) in Nigeria. Membership in NACST is not through representation of any
ization but t hrough attainme nt of t he highest level of technical expertise and demonstrated
avn.~r ..::once in th e t echnical issues and re lated knowledge sectors that need to be deployed to support
socio-economic development. Its f unct ions and mandate are as follows.
Recommendation of broad directions on coordination of STI activities (including R and D) to
achieve national objectives set by NRIC on Nigeria's STI-based socio-economic development
ii. Se rvice as the look-out body for current and future STI needs of Nigeria for advice to the
Federal Government of Nigeria, th rough the Hon. Minister of Science and Technology
ii i. Provision of independent advice to the Federal Government of Nigeria through the Hon.
Mi nister of Science and Technology on STI matters, including the quality of STI projects and
other projects of the Fede ral Government of Nigeria
iv. Assistance to the Federa l Government of Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Science and
Technology, on the const itution of expert panels to address critical STI issues whenever
necessary
v. Review of biennial "'State of Nigeria STI Reports'~ developed by FMST
vi. Formulati on and review of STI poli cy

116
 With respect to membership, NACST will be chaired by an em inent scientist; engineer who is not
a direct employee of the Government at the Federal, State and Local Government levels in Nigeria.
He/She must also be a winner of Nigeria's highest honour fo r excellence in science and technology-the
Nigerian National Order of Merit (NNOM ). All members of NACST must be appointed by the Hon. Minister
of Science and Technology throu gh self or organ izat ional nominations, to serve 3-year renewabl e t erms.
Guida nce on membersh ip of the NACST wh ich will be limited to a t otal of 20 pe rsons is provided below.
The following gu idelines are provi ded for selection of experts to constitute NACST.

• The Cha irman-a wi nn er of NNOM

• Experts in specific disciplinary fields
• All winners of Nigerian National Order of Merit (NNOM) Award in Science and
Technology
• Academies of Engineering & Sciences (5 members)
• Chosen experts in various fields (5 members)
The NACST will meet as required but at least quarterly t o address issues. Its subcom mittees will
be formed by the Chairman in consultation with the Hon. Minister of Science and Technology.
• State Science, Technology and Innovation Councils (SST/C)
The SSTI C will ensure the percolation of STI into operational organs of government, t he private
secto r, non-governmental associations and community groups at the state level and with in the
constituent Local Government Areas. The Federal Government will provide in centives for the fo rmation
and proper functioning of SSTICs. The primary functions are as stated below.

i. Provide leadership and directions for STI activities at t he state level

ii. Promote science education and disseminate science, technology and innovation information
iii. Align policies an ~ programmes with those of the NRIC
iv. Promote and implement decisions and programmes of FMST-MASTI
With respect to membership, the preferred composition and governa nce are briefly state below.
4.3.
i. The Chairman will be the Executive Governor of t he State while each State's Ministry of
Science and Technology or its equivalent will serve as the secretariat. inc I
up
ii. The Council shall consist of the following as members: cha
a. Honourable Commissioners of STI and STI-related Ministri es exa
but
b. Representatives or members of appropriat e committees of the State House of
of p
Assembly ~
pro~
c. Representatives of State chapter of organized private sectors and relevant of
professiqnal bodies for il
NS
4 .2 . Creation of lncentives for ExeeUenee
The NSTIR 2030 projects that are catalogued in Tables 5 provide some incentives that conform 4.4
to the Nigeria STI policy approaches stated below. Some of these approaches will be used in transactions
although they may not constitute individual projects. no
de
i. Facilitating the acqu isition and advancement of new and emerging technologies th rough
international STI collaboration and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
ii. Strengthening collaborative research and development activities with regio nal and
international agencies.
iii. Encouraging the nation to join and participate in internati onal STI information networks. pro1

117
 iv. Promot ing int ern at ional excha nge programmes fo r staff and students in t ertia ry institutions,
mil it ary and publi c service ca pa city-building institutions t hat are engaged in STI resea rch
activities.
v. Mobi lizing and acti vel y engage Nigerian STI professiona ls in the Di aspora fo r nati onal
development.
vi. Establishing releva nt STI ce nt res of excellence in new and existing institutions.
vi i. Encou ragi ng multid iscipl inary t eams of experts for collaborative R&D and commercialization
efforts.
viii. Facilitating Nigerla.'s integration into t he global knowledge Network t hrough creating avenues
for strategic engagements wit h partners and multiple voices on Global STI issues
ix. Creati ng incentives fo r cross-bo rder collaboration t hat empowers Nigeria 's scientif ic,
technological and ind ustri al t ransformation
x. Faci litati ng access to STI (kn owledge) produced abroad through formalized liberal
tech nological agreements, incl udi ng trade agreements and patent laws.
xi. Providing advice and knowledge t hat could lead to the establishment of the infrastructure of
in novation.
xi i. Promoting creative competition amongst States to measure technological and investor
friendly environment in the States.
xi ii. Facilitating reversal of brain drain.
xiv. lncreasing foreign fu nding t hrough international collaboration and internationalization of
research , science, technology and innovation.
xv. Encouraging knowledge cent res to provide support fo r Nigeria's emerging industrial clusters
th rough linkages and collaboration .
xvi. Facilitating effective partnershi p t hrough the alignment of culture, social values and work
eth ics of Nigeria to the requ irem ents of modern, entrepreneurial, scientific, technological and
innovation goals.
Talent Discovery Among the Disabled
STI is a way of life and engagement that should provide opportunities to all. This Roadmap
udes opportunities in training, consult ations and entrepreneurship that must by necessity be opened
to the physically disabled. There are many examples within and outside Nigeria, of the physically
llenged performing rather intricate but critical tasks with highly marketable skills. An excellent
"v::~lmnl1 "' is t he revered physicist/cosm ologist, Stephen Hawking who is paralyzed from his neck down
is still one of the greatest contributors to advances in space sciences. All across Nigeria are millions
physically handicapped persons of great intellect who need to be given opportunity through this NSTIR
nrntfr<li'Y"Ime t o realize their full potential, earn a living, and contribute to the socio-economic development
Nigeria. Without pre-conceptions about the limits of their talents, they will be specially sought after,
invitation to the training programmes and talent identification forums included and sched uled within
IR 2030. This will be done in collaboration with partners.
Engagement of Learned Societies and Professional Associations
As evi dent in Appendix 4 , Nigeria has numerous professional associations. Unfortunately, until
, not much knowledge has been tapped from them to drive STI policies and productive industrial
lopment programmes in Nigeri a. Rat her, labour disputes have dominated the arena while national
productivity is driven to the backgroun d. Much needs to be created prior to sharing. Learned societies
d professional societies along with academic institutions and research centers , constitute the brain
from which STI knowledge will be harvested for implementation of NSTIR 2030. There are specific
and programmes in that regard. In Table 10, they have been allocated seats en bloc in the
nrniiPr'll<.::

ance bod ies of NSTIR 2030. In Appendix 4, which is an unexhaustive list of STI-related
na l associations in Nigeria, each association is classified with respect to its socio-economic

118
sector(s) of coverage , as we ll as the planned NSTIR 2030 programm e thrust s. This will serve the FMST
well as a guide for so licitation of input f rom the associations and lea rned societies.
Some of the organizations are assemblies of vetted nomi nees who gained membership on the
strength of their excellence in spec ific scientific, engineering and other relevant f ields. FMST wil l pay
particu lar attention to t hese bodies , at t he to p of which is the body of laureates of the Nigerian National
Order of Merit (NNOM). The leadership of the FMST, possibly, the Hon. Minister of Science and
Technology, the Cha irman of the NCSTI and the Pe rmanent Secret ary of FMST will hold quarterly
meetings with the Governing Council of the Nigeri an Nat ional Merit Age ncy (NNMA) to receive and
add ress the recommendations (past or present) t hat the body of NNOM lau reates will continue to develop
implementation in Nigeria. Involvement of the Aca demies has been covered in Section 4 .1 of th is
document.
4.5. Improvement of STEM Education
Good STEM education is the foundation for the creation of an adequate ski lls base for
implementation of STI and NSTIR 2030 in Nigeria. The relevant parameters are inf rastructure, up-to-date
STEM textbooks, access to ICT, nutrition , horne stability and many othe r facto rs, some of wh ich are
ext raneous to science and technology itself. The impl icat ion then , is that FMST has to collaborat e with
other agenc ies of government at all levels, the private sector, development partners and eve n local
commun ities, to improve STEM education in Nigeria.
Fortunately, this objective (along with the enumerated factors) is also covered in the following
critical roadmapsjplans of the Ministries of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

• National Industrial Revolution Plan (January, 2014)

• National Health Policy (2017)
• Roadmap for the Nigerian Education Sector (2009 )
Synergies from the various projects included in these plans and roadmaps (includ ing NSTIR 2030)
programmes will deepen STEM education in Nigeria wit h benefits t o STI implementation and nation
productivity
4.6. Provision of Special Incentives for W'o men
Data that are presented in section indicate that women in Nigeria are disadvantaged by exclusion,
from opportunities and activities of both STEM and STI. In most cases, cu ltural factors are the drivers of
this circumsta nce wh ich is inimical to the socio-econom ic advanceme nt of Nigeria. In t he Vision 20:2020
document (198), promotion of gender equality is one of t he targets of t he plan. One of t he sub-objectives
of the plan is the promotion of gender equality in access to basic education. No nation can afford to
apriori, disqualify almost half its population from knowledge systems and occupations t hat will determine
its socio-economic success. With this rea lization~ Nigeria 's STI policy contains a following targets.

i. Encourage the establishment of women STI desk at both th e ministry level and relevant pu blic
and private agencies involved in STI activities.
ii. Support women to participate and hold leadership positions in STI endeavours.
iii. Provide funding and other incentives for contin ui ng education of women in STI.
iv. Provide scholarships and mentoring to increase female enrollment and ret ention
disciplines.
v. Provide a fra mework t o encourage and increase women's employment in STI sectors.
vi. Mentor a vibrant national and sub-national woman and STI fora that will regularly engage in
reflections on the role of women in STI , nationa l development, and network t hem with their
international counterparts.
vii. Support efforts to promote gender mainstreaming in STI.
The Road map for the Nigerian Education Sector (2009) provides for *ensuring ofgender parity In
teacher recruitment•. This will
provide millions of aspiring fe male stu dents with rol e models. All NSTIR
2030 programmes will be open to women. Furthermore, talent development programmes wi ll incl ude

119
FMST additional and specific opportunities for women. An effort will be made over a 5-year pe riod to increase
the percentage of women in the STI research teams of FMST laboratories to at least 30%. In collaboration
n the with development partners, projects that target expa nsion of opportunities f or wome n in STI wil l be
pay implemented.
onal 4.7. Operat ion of a National Research Foundation and Proposal Solicitation Programmes
and The constraint to Nigeria's engagement of deeper int ellect in the sol ution of its complicated socio-
rterly economic prob lems is not lack of tal ent but lack of existence of mechanisms fo r engaging that intellect.
an d Current oppo rtunities for engagement are too probabilistic and depend mostly on patronage as opposed
elop to genuine t al ent searches and solicitation. On the other hand , those who have the skills that can address
thi s the country's myrlad of challenges do not volunteer their expertise and are mostly unaware of the
pa rameters that drive circ umstances that affect their practice or even where to append thei r knowledge
outside their institutes.
fo r The most practica l solution t o the aforestated problem is the creation of a Nigerian National
date Research Foun dation much like almost all other developing and technologically advanced countries have
1 are done. It is t he most comprehensive and sustainable way of creating and injecting knowledge systems
with into an economy. In the absence of a Nat ional Research Foundation , there is no means of extracting the
ocal intellect of qualified Nigerians for nat ional economic development. The Nigerian National Research and
Development Foundation (NNRDF) would not itself perform research but would provide opportunities and
ing mechanisms just like those of other countries (south Africa , Egypt, Brazil, etc.). The current TETFUND is
not the organization to do t hat. The NNRDF would not duplicate its functions either. NNRDF would have
the fo llowi ng roles and responsibil ities.

• Development of annual call for Research Proposals after consultations with Federal
Ministries, Agen cies, the private sector, multi-group panels on specif ic STI challenges of
Nigeria. The form that is shown in Table 24 would be used by the FMST centre-based Principal
Investigators and their col laborators to differentiate their su bmissions fro m those of others
30)
due to the mission-driven natu re of their research programmes.
t ion
• Publication of Solicit atiQnS for ProPQsals and Management of Technical Review Processes on
t he submissions. The categories of research would reflect the 10 research areas of NSTIR
listed in section 3.3.
ion ,
s of • Small Business Innovation Research
)20
• General Open Research fo r Institutions and Other Research Organizations
ves
j to • Community Level Research
line
• Individual Investigations
• Collaborations wit h NOTAP and other business groups to translate research and development
blic results to policies and enterprise development programmes.
4.8. Stronger Roles by Academic Institutions
Nigerian academic instituti ons for a variety of reasons, have not played the pivotal role that they
shoul d play as the primary generators of knowledge and systems for socio-economic development of
Nigeria. They are lowly-ranked rel ative to other institutions within and outside of Africa; ravaged by non-
STI research related internal conflicts; and have an excessive proportion of faculty members who are not
excited by research and development. Revival of research is needed in Nigerian tertiary institutions to
levels that existed in the 1960s and 19 70s. Implementation of the Nigerian National Research and
Developm ent Foundation (NN RDC) coupled with other opportunities that will be provided by NSTIR 2030,
in
will push universit ies int o roles as creator'S of data, models, and syst ems for Nigeria 's economic
ei r development. In doing so, th e steps and requirements recommended in Table 25 should be considered
by t he National University Commission (NUC), the equivalents of NUC for other categories of tertiary
instituti ons in Nigeria and the leaders of all universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and related
institutes in Nigeria. For both FMST-affiliated and other research institutes and centers, the form shown
In
as Table 26 should be used t o evaluate t heir performance for rewards, expansion or closure.
"IR
de
 .9. Promotion of Corporate Sector Research and Intellectual Property Rights.
In eve ry technol ogically advanced country, large co rporations establish t heir research and
deve lopment cent ers, either within their corporate structu res or in tertiary instit utions under pa rtnershi p
agreements. This arrange ment is rare in Nigeria and contribut es to rel egation of STI to lower levels of II I pi
significance. It also subtracts opportuniti es that acad emi c institutions wou ld have to increase their STI
'base t hrough engagement of their researchers and students in bot h basic and app li ed research;
improvement of STI research facilities; and publication of resu lts in high-quality journals for elevation of
institutional rank and prominence is STI fields. The Corporate Affairs Com mission of Nigeri a sh ould work
wit h FMST, Nigeria's Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Co mmerce, and Ministry of National Planni ng to
create and implement a policy that requires every co rporation with annual revenues in Nigeria above
US$ 50 million to set up a research institute in Nigeria , eit her wit hin its organi zation or at a tertiary
institution. If there are fears about intellectual property rights, those fea rs would be allayed by th e fact
that the structures will be setup across the board as req uired by the f ollowing mechanisms th at are
mandated by Nigeria 's STI Policy of 2011.
i. Ensuring adequate intellectual property recogn ition, promoti on and protection of creativities,
tra ditional knowledge , indigenous technology and other intellectual assets.
ii. Building local capacities in intellectual property management for effective transfer of
t echnology.
iii. Promoting a sustainable culture on intellectual property at all educational levels.
iv. Establishing and strengthening Technology Transfer Offices for effective management and
utilization of Intellectual Property Rights in the National Syste m of Innovation.
v. Providing appropriate incentives for creativity and innovation to stimulate creat ivity and
innovations.
vi. Developing a viable IP policy especially regard ing royalt ies and ownerships mechanism for
equitable distribution of benefits accruing from inventions, t raditional knowledge, biodiversity
resources and innovations among stakeholders.
vii. Establishing, regularly updating and facilitating access to intel lectual property data bank and
portals.
viii. Ensu ring a dynamic development of the IPR syste m t o address new and emerging creativities
including initiating when appropriate, the enactment and review of IP laws to incorporate all
aspects and issues relating to plant breeder's rights, traditional knowledge and genetic
resources.

4.10. Incorporation of Technical Guidance, into All Major Projects.

In sections 1.2 and 1.3 of this document, the failu re of ma ny national economic development
plans to generat e national wealth for improvement of Nigeria's socio-economic circumstances was
attributed to poor plann ing, poor decision-making and non-engagement of technical talent, among other
reasons. Numerous, expensive initiatives in all sectors have fa il ed in Nigeria for the reasons stated
above. NSTIR 2030 has the plan of stemming this problem by work ing with the Federal Ministry of
Finance and other agencies to ensure that every project awarded by t he Federal Government of Nigeria
beyond the budget of N500million (cumulative for all phases) has a Technical Advisory Panel if its
implementation requires knowledge in a specific technical matter and/or a Management Advisory Panel
if the project requires application of deep expertise in management. Appointments to both pa nels will be
based on knowledge and not political cloud. tl
Furthermore, STI is a knowledge sector is field in which adva nces occur almost daily in one part
of the world or the other. Even when technology-laced projects are being implemented, advancements
may render ongoing approaches and systems obsolete. Th is has impl ications on market potential , as
well as the cost of production and/or services relative to those of competitors elsewhere who may now
be producing goods at lower costs for competition with made-in-Nigeria goods and services in the same
market. The response in Nigeria during implementation of NSTIR 2030 is to adapt the practice t hat other
countries, particularly, the United States and Canada, have used t o apply the latest knowledge from fast·
evolving fields. This is the sponsorship and use of authored tech nical guidance documents for
implementation of technologies within major projects where those technologies are not covered in
121
 ndard textbooks that take 2-5 years to write. Every major project that has major STI content, should
provide for the development and use of a Technical Gu idance Manual in its budget, to be evaluated by a
panel , to reduce risks of techno logy deficiency-driven failures of expensive projects in Nigeria. Candidate
projects are those that fall within the following categories.
• Steel production
• Railway alignment and construct ion
• Airport development and const ruction
• Industrial clusters developme nt
• ICT projects
• The desert wall projects
e
• Dam construction projects
S,
• Erosion control projects

f • Skills development projects of national scale

• FADAMA and other major agricultural projects
• NNPC infrastructure development projects including refineries
tJ 11. Market Expansion for Made-in-Nigeria Products
Nigerian-made products may not find immediate acceptance or market penetration in other
countries to levels that would al low cosmetic manufacturers to earn enough foreign cu rrency to put back
into their businesses (e.g. pu rchasing fore ign-sourced raw materials). Being that Nigeri a has a large
popu lation that constitutes a large domestic market, the industrialization policy that has been recently
loped for Nigeria (which contains plans for domestic market expansion) should be followed up
usly to support domestic innovators.
One of the market incentives that will complement tax exemptions is purchase of locally
manufactu red goods by Government and the specification that contractors use locally manufactured
products and raw materials to implement projects that the Federal Government contracts with them.

FUNDING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY lN GENERAL, AND NSTIR 2030 IN PAIRTlCULAR

1. Required Funding Levels
A distinction is herein made between funding of Science and Technology which roughly
proximates NSTIR 2030 in segments, and funding of Research and Development which is usually
recorded in international databases. The latter often covers more than STI because fields outside science
d techn ology may be involved. Focusing solely on the budget required to implement NSTIR 2030, the
period between 2017 and 2030 has been divided into three segments conveniently shown in Table 5
and as re-stated below.
• Short-term period (20 17-2020): 4 years
• Medium-term period (2021-2025): 5 years
• Long-term period (202 6-2030): 5 years
The budget estimates presented in Table 27 are for the Short-Term period of 4 years from 2017
to 2020. In bu dget cycle terms, it is actually for 3 years because 2017 programmes have already been
covered by allocations from budget activities that started in 2016. Based on the realistic estimates
presented in Table 27 , the various compon ents of NSTIR 2030 require the following funding levels during
short-term period. Each of the com ponents has several programmes and projects as detailed in Table
27.
• +t25 billion for mobilization of the Nigerian intellectual resources for growth and diversifica-tion
of the economy
• N30 bil lion for science and technology infrastructure improvement
 N 70 billion for research and development intensification out of w hich N40 billion is budgeted for 1• ITAB
tripling of the re~e a rch product ivity/ output of Fed erall y sponsored (FMST) laboratories
- N6 bi ll ion for traini ng and t alent deployment
• N36 billion fo r t echnology deployment and com me rcial ization
• N10.50 billion for science literacy im provement and public/stakeholde r•s engagement. induding
the establishment/building of a Science and Techno logy Museum
• N2.50 billion for system monitory, evaluation and improvement.
Th e total estimated fund ing requirements for the short-term NSTI R 2 0 30 programme is N180
bill ion ove r 3 yea rs which averages j ust N60 bill ion per yea r. It should be not ed t hat the budget that was
passed fo r science and technology for Nigeria in 2014 was a pa lt ry N36 billion out of a t otal national
budget of N4.9 trill ion which was 0 .73% of that national bu dget. There has not bee n much improve me nt
on budget all ocation to STI in Nigeria. An allocation of 3-4 % would be adeq uate to ge ne rate significant
advancement to the benefit of Nigeria. In terms of the NSTIR 2030 budget est imates presented in Table
27 , the brea kd own of the budget with respect to categories of expe nditures are as fo llows.

-• Programme Configuration and Planning:

Sta keholder Engagement Processes:
N 2 .69 billion (1.5%)
N 4 .84 billion (2 .7%)

-
•
Management and Personnel Support:
Facilities and Equipment:
N 20.9 6 billion (11.6%)
N 4 6.9 5 billion (25 .6%)

-
•
Deployment and Diffusion of Deliverables
Proj ect Operations
N 6 .19 billion (3. 4 %)
N 55.2 billion (5 5.2%) I. I IJ

5.2. Funding Sources

Nigeria 's STI policy targets the provision of adequat e fund ing f or STI infrastructure and activities
for susta ina ble develop ment through viable mechanisms. The identified sources of f unding are as
follows:
• A National Research and Development Fund and NSTIR program mes (15%) .

• Gove rn ment allocations (SO%).

• Public-private partnerships funds with some incentives (15%) .

• International science promotion and R and D funds t hrough grants and open cont est research
proposals (see the list in Appendix 6) (10%) .

• Venture capital funds some of which can be accessed t hrough development banks (10%).
5.3. Establishment of a Science and Technology Bank
Rand D projects that show promise for transition to entrepreneurship shoul d qua lify fo r graduated
loans. Currently, banking philosophies and processes in Nigeria do not allow such ris ks to be taken
although in reality, risks inherent in them may not be higher than th ose of traditiona l, commercial
ventures. The net result s are that great ideas that would have contributed to Nigeria 's development are
abandoned or lost due to lack of support funds. In some cases, other countries poach the Nigerian
experts who are originators of great ideas. This challenge can be addressed through the establishment
of a Science and Technology Bank with some risk sharing by the Federal Government on funding of
approved projects. The Federal Ministry of Finance is also taking th e lead in the planning of a
Development Bank of Nigeria (154) that may cover some ca pit al projects listed in NSTIR 20 30 .
5.4. Tax Incentives for the Private Sector
Nigeria's private sector is capable of contributing signifi cantly to t he funding of t he NSTIR 2030
programmes and projects if given the right incentives to do so. For exam ple , portions of t heir revenues
that are contributed to verifiable NSTIR 2030 research project s cou ld be made t ax-exem pt. Some
countries have done this with corporate social responsibil ity.

123
~

o ~ABLE 24: CONFIGU RED FOR M TO USE BY FMST LABORATORY PERSO NNEL FOR INTRAMURAL RESEARCH
PROPOSALS
FEDERAL MIN ISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FMST}

- -
g ( · ~L·
~- -
0 FEDERAl GOVERNMENT OF NlGERlA
~s RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND PROJECT JUSTIFICATION FORM
a Name:
rt
~t A. PRINCIPAL
Email: 1Tel:
e INVESTIGATOR (PI) Unit within FMST;

Terminal Degree: Attach resume (5-Page Max)

Name:

B. CO..INVESTIGATOR(S) Email: (fel:

1.
Unit within F~AST:
Note: Limited t o those Terminal Degree: I Attach resume {~N~age Max}
wh o wil l make verifiable ,
Name:
Significant intell ectual
contributions t o t he Email: 1Email:
2.
project. Unit within FMST:
Terminal Degree: ( Attach resume (2~Page Max}
N ote ~ They may come
a from internal FMST Name:
? ent it ies or external Email: 1Email;
organizations 3.
Unit within FMST:
TerminaJ Degree: 1Attach resume (2~Pa&e Max}
c. DESCRIPTION OF RELEVANCE TO LOCAL/NATIONAL/GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS (3 Page
Max)
CATEGORIZATION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT WITHIN THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT ROADMAP (NSTIR) 2030
(Mark aoorooriate catef!orv and exr lain (2-oaf!e max) Mark X on all the aoolv)
Science Policy Support Training and Talent Deployment
D. Science & Tech. Infrastructu re
Tech. Deployment & Commercial ization
Im provement
Research and Development Science Literacy Improvement & Public Engagement
Intensification System Monitoring, Evaluat ion & Improvement
E. PROJECT SUMMARY (2~pages max}
--
F. INTRODUCTION (2~pages max)
G. TECHNICAL APPROACH INCLUDING ANALYSIS OF KEY CONCEPTS (8-pages max)
H. MODELING AND OR EXPERIMENTS AS REQUIRED 3-pages max)
[. FACiLITIES AND EQUlPMi NT t2~Jlages max)
-
J. PLANNED ANALYSES OF DATA {~Jlages max}
K. PLANNED DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS (2-J)Sges max)
l. EXPERIENCE AND QUAliFICATIONS OF PERSONNEL (all personnel 24-pages max}
M. PLANS FOR INVOLVEMENT OF INTERNS {2~pages max)
--
N. BUDGET OF THE PROJECT

Page 1124
ABLE 25: STEPS THAT UNIVERSITIES CAN TAKE TO ENHANCE THEIR CONTRIB UTI ONS TO SUSTAINABLE 1• ITJ
DEVE LOPMENT

" 1. IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE

a. Think strategi cal ly to enhance sustainability

b. Decentral ize authority to improve efficiency

c. Promote equ ity without ethnic and gender biases

2. DEMONSTRABLE COMMITMENT TO THE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

a. Focus on student welfare socially and educationally

b. Identify talent rather than deficiencies in students

c. Encourage intellectual debate on- and off-campus

- - - ~ --
3. IMPROVEMENT OF RESEARCH' CAPACITY
a. Focus on areas of comparative advantage

b. Form alliances with external sponsors on projects

c. Create substantive research centers

d. Seek and recruit and reward research personnel

e. Improve research facilities

4. FORMATION OF PR.OGRAMME ALLIANCES WITHITHE PUBLIC ANO PRIVATE SECTOR

a. Create opportu nities for engagement of collaborators

b. Create incentives such as named buildings, streets, prizes and endowments

c. Engage in high-utility projects

d. Use external issues as targets for analyses (theses, consulting, entrepreneurship)

5. INVOlVEMENT INI KNOWlEDGE~BASED NETWORKS

a. Host seminars, debates and conferences on to pica l and f undamental issues

b. Engaged renowned experts, politicians and advocates t o the benefit of students and the
general public

c. Improve internal access to information (library, internet, etc.)

d. Host major journals, publications and professional societies

e. Collaborate with other universities and organizat ions worldwi de

-
6. CREATION ANO UNBIASED IDISTRIBUTION OF INCENTIVES TO INTERNAL ADMINISTRATORS~
FACULTY AN O STUDENTS
a. Create distinguished professorships for both teachi ng and research

b. Create annual prizes for excellent performance t o encourage high scholarship

c. Provide internship opportunities through arrangement s with external hosts

125
 r

26: SUGGESTED CRITERI A FOR PERFOR MANCE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS OF

FMST AND OTHER AGENCIES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NSTIR 2030

EVALUATION
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Very '
FACTOR Excel. , Good Fair ' Poor
Good
A. Ratio of external researc h funds to internal
operational funds provided by t he home inst itution
B. Number of peer-reviewed pub lications per fa cu lty I

associated of the institutej center during the

1. RESEARCH performance eval uation period
EXCELLENCE/ C. Number of patents developed and research prizes
SCHOLARSH IP won by institute/center
D. Number of external fundin g proposa ls sent out
through the center/ institute
E. Number of agencies, corporations and institutions
collabo rati ng with t he institute/ center
A. Service rate of center/ institute personnel on
editorial boards, conference panels and
professional societ ies as leaders
2. EXTER NAL B. Num ber of profession al recognition awards given
PROFESSIONAL to fa culty, personnel and students of the
RECOG NITION institute/center
-
c. Number of invited speeches, sem inars,
testimonies, etc. made by instit ute/ center
personnel
-
A. Number and sign ificance of workshops, training
sessions organ ized and hosted by center/ instit ute
-·
B. Number and significance of contribut ions by
institute/ center to pu blic policy at any or vari ous
3. EXTER NAL jurisdictional levels
OUTREACH c. Number of conferences and special presentations -
SERVICE hosted and participation of va rious institutional
sectors
D. Number of interns from external organ izations
andj or collaborators from external organizations
involved in the programs of the institute; center
A. Number of departments whose fa culty are inVolved
in institute/center programs
4. INVOLVEMENT
B. Total number of fa cu lty who are active in
OF FACU LTY
institute/ center programs, and number of inter-
AND VISITING
depa rtmenta l research proposals
SCH OLARS
c. Level of support (fiscal and professional ) provided
by institute/cent to faculty associates
-
A. Number of students who benef it from grants.
Schola rships, fellowsh ips awarded through the
center/ institute
B. Fra ction of extern al funds devoted to student
5. STU DENT support through the inst itute/ center
SUPPORT AND
C. Number of students who perform research using
INVOLVEMENT
instit ute/ center facilities
..
D. Number of students who complete degree
programs based on research supported by the
institutej center
·-·
6. CONTI NUING
A. Sat isfactory score of the center/ institute on other
RELEVAN CE TO
activities within the ma ndate of the host
ORGANIZATION
organ ization
AL MISSION
7. ORGANIZATION
AL ACTIVIT! ES
:ABLE 2 7: ESTIMATED BUDGET REQUIREMENTS AND DESIRABLE BUDGET COMPOSITION FOR THE SHORT TERM (2017,2020) COMPONENT OF THE NSTJR 2030
. 201.7~2020 (SHORT~TERM 3-YEARS) ESTJMATED BUDGET
DESIRABLE FUND,ING SOURCES
(N BIWON)
IMPROVEMENT SECTORS AND KEY
STATE&
PROGRAMMES
I
Program Stakeholder Deploy. & NATIONAL
Conflg. &
Planning
Engage.
Processes
Mgt. and
PersonneJ
Support
·IFacilities & · Diffusion of
'Equipment Dellverables
Project
Operations TOTAL PUBLIC
BUDGET
LOCAL
PUBLIC
BUDGET
PRIVATE
SOURCES
INT.
GRANTS

A. SCIENCE POUCY SUPPORT !PROGRAMMES ~NO ACTIVIllES

MOBIUZATION OF THE .NIGERIAN INTELLECWAL RESOURCES FOR GRowrH .AND DIVERS.fFICATION OF THE
A1
ECONOMY
Creation of the National Science and
A.1.1 1 Tec.hnology A!Msoty Groups i:n key 0.10 0 .40 2.00 1.00 0.50 6.50 II
10.5 0 X
economic sectors
.lnstitutionalizaUon of a special
A.1.2
science tax
0.05 0.05 0 .10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.50 X
Commissioning of an Annua.l Nigerian
A.1.3 National State Science and 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.40 1 .20 2.00 X
Techno.fol!.v Reoort
Establish po./icies and programmes
A.1.4 I for popularization of science and 0.05 0.15 0 .10 0.10 0.40 1.70 2.50 X
technolol!.v in all MDAs
Co./fa borate with a ppropriate Nigerian
A.1.5 I agencies to enhance implementation 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.20 X X
of local content prol!.rammes.
Work with the Nigerian Congress to
A.1.6 .I create and enforce made in Nigeria 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.23 0.30 X X X
ru./es in all l!.overnment contracts
SUBTOTAL A.1 1 0.28 I 0. 79 2.37 1.22 1.46 9.88 16.00
A.2 I REWARD SYSTEM AND INCENTIVES IMPROVEMENT
Establish a new remuneration
A.2.1 I package for S,&T professionals in 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.04 0 .05 0 .81 1 .00 X X
"overnment
Implement National Science and
Techno/ogy Su.ppott Awards in key
sectors: Biosystems, manufacturing,
A.2.2
science and tech. policy, agriculture,
0 .10 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.30 3.00 4.00 X
health, JCT and space systems,
mathematical sciences, chemical
 0 .05 0 .05 0 .20 0.10 0 .10 0 .50 1.00 X

Enforce compliance with t he Acts of

A.3.1 I Establishment of Nigeria's science I 0.02 I 0.03 I 0.05 I 0.05 I 0 .10 I 0.25 J 0.50 I X
and tech a&,encies and
Work with the Federal Ministry of
A. 3 .2 1 E~ucation to en~or~e the . 60/40 I
scJencejart adm1Ss1on rat1o and
0.02 I 0.03 I 0.05 I 0.05 I 0.10 I 0.25 I 0.50 I X
increase it to 70i 30 b~ 2030
.Double budget allocation to science
A.3.3 I and tec.hnology every 2 years up to I 0.01 I 0 .03 I 0 .10 I 0.01 I 0 .05 I 0.30 I 0.50 I X
2030
Work with the Federal Ministry of
Finance and the Due Process Office
to formulate a po.ficy that requires the
A.3.4 I allocation of 5% of every budget of I 0.05 I 0.05 I 0.45 I 0.01 I 0 .05 I 0.89 I 1.50 I X
N200 million ,and above to science
and technology su.pport in federal
contracts.

X
rant pro ram
Direct construction and PPP-
formatted operation of electric power
s .1.2 I stations and water supply systems to I 0 .03 I 0.02 I 0.02 I 4.50 I 0.05 I 0.38 I 5.00 I X I X I X
industrial clusters and R and D
stations in

1 128
 Set up of materials testing/quality
8 .1.3 J assurance laboratories in each of the I 0.10 0.10 0.50 5.00 0.10 1 .20 7.00 X X X
6 eeooolitical zones of Nil!eria
Development of a GIS-capable
8.1.4 National Data Repository in I 0 .05 I 0. 15 I 0.50 I 2.00 I 0 .10 I 0.20 I 3.00 I X
,. collaboration with statlstics agencies
0.23 I 0 ..3 2 I 1.22 I 11.60 I 0.35 I 5 . 28 I 19.00
SUBTOTAL B.1 1
SPACE TRAVEL TO INSTALL 3 MORE NIGER,IAN SATElt.J/TES AND IMPROV,EMENTOF CYBEFMNFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORTS& T-BASED
8.2
!ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• •
I
Establishment of a National S&T
8 2 1 Information Repository
collaboration with the National
I
in
1 0 05
·
0.10 0.80 1.00 0.05 1.00 3 .00 X
Bureau of Standards
Space travel to launch at least, 2
more advanced Nigerian satellites I
822 1
· · and estab.lis.hment of mission control
0 .20 I 0.10 I 0.20 I 2.80 I 0 .20 I 0 .50 I 4.00 I X I I X
a nd data center in Abu's
0.25
SUBTOTAL B.2 0.20 1.0 0 0.25 1 .'50 7.00
8.3 I IMPROVEMENT OF .FINANCING OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED SCI!E!NDE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Creation of a Science and Technology
8 .3.11 Bank with product.ivity-focused rules I 0.05 I 0.10 I 0 .20 I 0.10 I 0.05 I 2.00 I 2.50 I X I I X
1
and lendin~
Provision .of tax and other incentives
8.3.21 to commerc.ial banks to fund projects I 0.02 I 0.02 I 0 .03 I 0.01 I 0 .02 I 0 .40 I 0 .50 I X
with hiS,h sci.ence and tech utilities
1

l ower int erest rate on industriai/S&T

. . fa_cilities impr,~vement loaos by 200 % I
83 0 .02 I 0.03 0 .10 I 0.03 I 0.02 I 0.80 .I 1 .00 I X I I X
31Without r,eqwrement of collateral
' {Govt. assu,;,es risks}
•
SUBTOTAL B.J J 0.09 0.15 0.33 0.14 0.09 3 . 2o I 4.00
SUBTOTAl iBI 0 .57 0.67 2.55 :1!5.'5 4 0.69 9.98 1 30.00
C. RES~RCH .~N D DEVELOPtMENT INTENS.IFICATION
C.1 I RESEARCH RESOURCES UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT
Categorization of all research and
c.1 .1. 1 development entities in Nigeria with I 0 .02 I 0 .0 2 I 0 .10 I 0.05 I 0.01 I 0.10 I 0 .30 I X
respect to t.he ~0 focus areas and
their alistnment with federal1
 .Development of a directory of experts
c.1.2 I Jn Nigeria and t heir focus with storage 0 .01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 0 .40 0.50 X X
editable format '

f a National Science and .

c.1 .3 1 - -~-- · -----toY Library or library section : 0.10 0.10 0. 70 5.00 0.30 2.50 8 .70 X X

C.1.4 0 .01 0 .05 0 .10 0 .02 0 .02 0 .30 0 .50 X X X

Open up research staff employment

c 2 1 1 opportunities to foreign experts on I
· · contract basis and advertise
0.02 I 0.03 I 1.40 I 0.50 I 0.05 I 1.00 I 3.00 I X I X
vacancies
Establishment of centres of
excellence or center suites of
c.2.2 I excellence to focus research on each I 0 .02 I o.18 · I 0.50 I 2.50 I 0.15 I 0.65 I 4.00 I X I X I I X
of the Ten nationally target research
areas. (coHaborative)
Increase the ratio of research and
c 2 3 1 technical personnel to administrative I
· · personnef in federal r-esearch cent ers
0.05 I 0.10 I 1.00 I 0 .50 I 0 .05 I 0.30 I 2.00 I X I I I X
& laboratories to
Form exte.ma l and quali:fied technical
panels to eva luate t he research
c.2.4 I productivity of FMST Centers both at I 0.02 I 0.08 I 0 .50 I 0.05 I 0 .05 I 0.30 I 1.00 I X I X I X
the organizat ional and individual
levels
nd :intensification of
c.2 .5 1 · ---:-· - :- ·~ . . .~1~T centers and labs on
0 .20 0 .30 2.00 7.00 0 .50 20.00 30.00 X X

Page ll l3 0
 IMPROVEMENT OF AUGNMIENT OF FEtOE!R ALlY:SPONSOREO CENJiErRS ANO RESEARCH WITH NATIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
C.3 I TAR,GETS
Initiation o.f a research justification I I I I I I I I I 1
- ---·
:1

assessment programme for all

C.3.1 I federally funded ,centers to ensure I 0.02 I 0 .03 I 0.10 I 0.02 I 0.03 I 0 .80 I 1.00 I X
a.lignment and contribution to
national development tar ets
Development and use o.f a uniform l
c designation and cataloging system
32 1
· · for reports from government funded
0.02 I 0 .03 I 0.10 I 0.02 I 0.03 I 0.80 I 1.00 I X
ro'ects
SUBTOTAL C.3 1.60 I 2.00

Esta.blishment of program support for

c. 4 .1 1 large ~&D joint ~entures for I 1.70 ~I
companies that are m the same
0.05 I 0.10 I 0.50 I 0.50 I 0.15 I 3.00 I X I I X
indust
Opening up of Nigeria's current
c.4 .2 1 national research . su~port I
0.03 0.05 I 0.20 I 0.20 I 0 .02 I 1.00 I 1.50 I X I I X
programme to both publiC and pnvate
institutions
•
Creation of a Nigerian National
.Research Foundation to support I
43
· ·
1
investigator-initiated research in · 0 .05 I 0 .10 I 0 .20 I 0 .55 I 0 .10 I 5 .00 I 6.00 I X I I 1 X
nationally important thematic areas
Annual National Research Gaps
c.4 .4 J Synthesis (ANRGS) to support
engagements by
I 0 .01 I 0.02 I 0.05 I 0 .02 I 0. 15 I 0.25 I 0 .50 I X
Nigerian •
researchers a nd institutions
Collaborate with t he Federal Ministry
of Educat ion and Ministry of National
C.4.s
1 P/an?in~ to provide grants .fo r I 0 .05 I 0.15 I 0 .50 I 0.10 I 0.20 I 1.00 I 2.00 I X I X
publtcat1on of STEM textbooks &
technical guidance manuals in key
develoe,ment issues
Creation of 5 National Research
c.4.6 I Chairs at the Distinguished, Senior I 0 .02 I 0.10 I 0.12 I 0.10 I 0.10 I 4.56 I 5.00 I X
and Junior levels in each of the 1.0
 0 .02 0 .02 0 .05 0.05 0 .01 0.15 0.30 X X X X

0.02 0.03 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.50 1.00 X X X X

0.04 0.05 0.15 0 .05 0.01 0.40 0.70 X X X X

Create and operate a Nigerian

science and tech. diaspora
0.2.1 I engagement programme with I 0 .02 I 0.06 I 0.40 I 0.40 I 0.02 I 0.60 I 1.50 I X I I I X
a/lowance for uP to 3~year sabbaticals
and forei&,n~sft,e -at~lar4_e roles
Create a Scientist-in-Government and
0 .2.2 I Scientist in Enterprise suppo.rt X
ro ram
Create Science & Tech. intemship
__
023 1 .Pro_grammes in federal centers and I 0.02 I 0.02 I 0 .30 I 0.20 I 0.02 I 0 .44 I 1.00 I X I I I X
laboratories for students at the rate of
2000

Categorize and solicit African

continental and global professional
0 .3.1
organizations to set up and operate
0.01 0.04 0 .05 0.03 0.02 0.15 0 .30 X X
their headauarters in Abuia in a

1a2
 specially constructed low-rent
camous
Initiate collaboration with Nigerian
Tourism Agencies to provide
.
0 _3 .2 • incen~ives tor. trade ~rganizatio?s to 1 0 _02 0 .03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0. 10 0.20 X
. host mtematton,al fam; and sc1ence
1
I and tech, summits/conferences in

Nil!eria
SUBTOTAL D.31 0.03 I 0 . 07 I 0.08 I 0.04 I 0.03 I 0.25 I 0. 50 . -- -- .. - - ----

D. I GENfRA1iE IN1iEREST AND AWARENESS OF THE .SCI1BNTIFIC A!ND TECHNOl-OGICAL HERITAGE OF AFRICANS IN GENERAL AND NIGERIANS IN
4
• · PARTICULAR
Create sc.ientlfic heritage
0 .4.1 programmes for 7V broadcasts 0.01 I 0.01 I 0.10 I 0.06 I 0.02 I 0.20 I 0.40 I X
(documentaries & Hve discussions}
D.4.2
Name streets and monuments after
eminent scientists and analvsts
0.01 I 0.01 I 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 o.1o X X 1
I
SUBTOTALDA 0.02 0 .02 0.11 0.07 Cl.03 0.26 0.50
SUBTOTAL D 0.19 0 .32 1.42 1.05 0.18 2 .•84 6.00 .. - -- -
lE. 11ECM.NOJ.JOGY DEPLOYIMENT ~N_D COMMERCl~LIZATIO~N
£1. I PROVISION OF TECHNICAL AND ENTERPRISE SUPPORT INCREASE NIGERIA'S TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT LEVEL BY 400% IN 203 0 RELATIVE
TO 2017 FOR TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT

£.1.1 1
Channel .a minimum of 20% of SME
funds to cDmmercialization of Rand
I 0 .03 I 0.05 I 0.37 I 0.50 I 0.05 I 2.00 I 3.00 X
D results
il Create the Department of Technology
E.1.2 I P,oficy and Plannin.g in the National I 0 .01 I 0 .01 I 0 .01 I 0 .01 I 0 .01 I 0 .05 I 0 .10 X
Planning Commission {NPC

I
Create technology incubation centers
E 13 · in all major Nigerian cities as a 1 0 _10 1 0 _20 1 2.00 1 4.30 1 0.30 1 8.00 1 14.90
· · collaborative among government, X X
· corporations, .Banks and Universities
SUBTOTAL £1 1 0.1 4 I 0.216 I 238 I 4.81 I 0.3·6 I i 0.05 I 1 8.00
£2 I ATTAI,N:MENT OF 30.% SUBSTITUTI.ON OF THE VA!W E OF IMPORTIEO PRODUCTS /IN NIGERIA BY 2030
Establish a legal framework for
E.2.1 I progressive growth of local I 0.01 0 .02 0.04 0.10 0.02 0.30 0 .49 X
technolot!ies and increase in raw
 Esta.blish an electronic system for
acquisition processing, storage and
E dissemination of information on new I
22 1 0.01 I 0.02 0.20 I 0.25 I 0.03 I 1.00 I 1.51 I X
· · and .advanced materials
researchers, entrepreneurs and
to •
po.licy makers.

Require that all federally sponsored

institutions must establish research,
£.2.3 I development and commercialization I 0.01 I 0.03 I 0.10 I 0.03 I 0.03 I 0.8 0 I 1.00 I X
units under a dedicated Deputy Vice
Chancellor

Require each federa.lly funded

E institution to report on result . of I
24 1
· · industrial and entrepreneurship
0.01 I 0.03 I 0 .10 I 0.03 I 0.03 I 0.80 I 1.00 I X
activities annually

Provide incentives such as energy-

£. 3 .1 share ~ nd low rent faci/~ti~~ to I
1
compames at government mit1ated
0.10 I 0.30 I 0.40 I 1.50 I 0.20 I 9.50 .I 12.00 I X I I X
industrial cluster
S.ite branches of appropriate
£.3.2 I government researc.h laboratories at I 0 .10 I 0.10 I 0.40 I 0.35 I 0.05 I 1.00 I 2.00 I X I I X
the industria l parks

F. SCIENCE LITERACY !IMPROVEMENT ~ND PUBLIC

0 .10 0.10 0.30 3.00 0 .10 0.50 4.10 X X

0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.20 X

1a4
 Strengthening of S and T talent
F.1.3 through Catch Them Young I
Jhunting 0.01 I 0.02 I 0.04 I 0.02 I 0 .01 I 0.20 I 0 .30 I X I X I I X
· S&T Clubs throuS,hout NiS,eria
F Implementation of national science
14 1
· · and technolol!v competition
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0 .02 0 .35 0 .45 I X I I I X
0.1!6 .
SUBTOTA.L F.1 OA1
0.13 3 .06 <l ..14 1.1'5 ·5 .05
F2 I DIRECT SCIENCE ADVOCACY AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
.Implement biweekly science and
F technology briefings on television and I
21 1
· · radio .in English and .loca.l languages
0.01 I 0.02 I 0 .06 I 0.03 I 0.03 .J 0.50 I 0.65 I X
us.inS, NiS,erian ex,perts
Establish permanent sites for S&T
F.2 .2 I Fairs at State ,a nd Local Government I 0.02 I 0.03 I 0.02 I 0.35 I 0.03 I 0.95 I 1.40 I X I X I X
-
levels
Serialize the biographies ot eminent
Nigerian scientists and engineers in
F.2.3 I newspapers and television using the I 0.01 I 0.02 I 0.15 I 0.02 I 0.05 I 0.55 I 0.80 I X I I I X
NNOM Award Winner's fists and other
non-e,olltical lists
Implement an annual National
1
F.2 .4 Science . a nd . Tech . . week I
in 0 .0 1 I 0.02 I 0 .05 I 0.0 1 I 0.0 1 I 0.40 I 0 .50 I X I X I X I X
collaboratu:m with the private sector,
academe, t he states a nd the press
Initiate .a programme of Science
Diffusion .at the LoJ::aJ Level (SDL.L) in
F.2 .5 I which weekly scientific briefings are I 0.03 I 0.05 I 0.20 I 0.07 ·I 0.05 I 0.70 I 1.10 I X I X I I X
·g iven by .local teachers and corpers in
local/an ua es at the villa e level
SUBTOTAL F.2 4.45
F.3 I COMMERCIAL SECTOR ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME 1 1
· Estab.lish a pro_gramme by which
Chambers o f Commerce identify
F.3.1 I knowledge gaps a nd needs that I 0.02 I 0.03 I 0.25 I 0.02 I 0.08 I 0 .60 I 1.00 I X I I X
confront them in efforts to im:rease
productivJtl
SUBTDTA.L F.3 1..0 0
SUBTOTAL.F 10.50
 Provide regulatory standards and
develop quality assurance protocols
G.i1 1 for indigenous technologies I 0.01 I 0 .02 I 0.05 I 0.01 I 0 .01 I 0.20 I 0.30 I X I 'I X I X
especially in .housing, food production
& traditional medicine
Develop mettics for evaluation of
__ progress in Nigeria's science and I
612 1
technology system (innovation
0.01 I 0 .02 I 0.05 I 0.01 I 0.01 I 0.20 I 0.30 I X

G.1.3 0 .01 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.40 X X

Collaborate with Nigeria's statistics

G. . agencies on studies for data ~n au
sustamable 1 I I I I I I I I I I
21 1
parameters of
0.02 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.02 0.70 1.00 X X
-dl
Create a depofitklzed national
G.2.2 I development aspiration polling I 0.02 I 0.02 I 0 .10 I 0 .04 I 0.02 I 0.30 I 0.50 I X
for s._cience and

1as
 .5. Establishment of a National Science and Technology Endowment Fund •• ITJ
In the recent past,_Nigeria has establ ished and operated several economic sector funds, most of
which di d not yie ld t he desired results because of misma nagem ent and absence of sustained analytical
input. In most regards, they are politica lly motivated without the appropriate management structure and
required skills input despite t he fa ct that th ey were in sectors that require STI. A National Science and
"Technology Endowment Fund is hereby in proposed to serve as t he main fu nding sources for STI activities
l'and projects in Nigeria, including those of NSTIR 2030. Its existence wi ll establ ish a firm base that will
enable the sustainabil ity of multi-year resea rch and infrastructure proj ects without t he abandonment
that usually pl agues the m due to budget instabilities. Funds to support the Endowment would be sourced
!f rom the following federal organizations as well as development partners and the private sector.
i. Raw Materials Research and Development Cou nci l (RMRDC)
ii. Education Trust Fund (ETF)
iii. Industrial Train ing Fund (ITF)
iv. Automotive Development Fund (ADF)
v. National Communication Development Fund (NCDF)
vi. Information Technology and Development Fund
vii. Agricultural Development Fund
viii. Ecological Fund
ix. Lottery Fund
x. Sugar Development Fund
xi. Development/Donor Agencies, etc.

6.0 PLANS FOR MONITORINGt EVALUAliON AND IMPROVEMENT OF PROGRAMMES AND

PROJECTS
1. Levels of Monitoring and Evaluation
Nigeria's columns and rows in international ran kings on various socio-economic indi ces are often
blank because of lack of data. Th is discourages investors, bl ights national prestige; and makes it difficult
to assess soci o-~conom i c progress that may result from im plementati on of development programmes
and projects. Concerning NSTIR2030, projects and progra mmes will be monitored continuously at the
lowing levels for use of data for completion key performer indicators (KPis) analyses.
• STI project ana lyses, including research
• FMST operating unit level analyses covering each center, inst itute and administrative unit.
• NSTIR 2030 performance analyses using key indicators of progress on ach ieve ment of the
strategic objectives.
6.2. Appropriate Evaluation Indices
As alluded to in Section 6.1, evaluation indices wh ich in this case, will be t he key performance
indices (KPis) vary from project-level through programmes to organ izations. The three hierarchical levels
of evaluations have been considered in drafting a prelim inary scheme with the appropriate evaluation
ctors, for use in tracking-progress with NSTIR 2030. To t he extent possi ble, impacts of t he programmes
will be given preference over volume of activities as evident in Table 28 . It is however, recognized that
the latter does impact the former with much depending on the effectiveness of implementation .
.3. Integration of Results into National Devel~opment Programmes
The NSTI R 2030 programme has been configured after reviews of basically all of Nigeria's
development pla ns and most ofthe sectoral road maps since independence in 1960. STI needs in various
lsectors adm inistrated by other units of the Federal Govern ment have been studied and f ram ed ,
through extraction of information from sector road maps as exemplified in Appendix 1. Agenc ies and
organizations that operate outside the administrative cont rol of FMST have been classified as potential
·collaborators and/or users of deliverables of NSTIR 2030 projects. These classifications are presented
in Appendix 1, Appendi x 3, Appendix 4 , Table 5 and Table 10. 0n a conti nuing basis, NSTIR 2030
'• " 137
 28: KEY PERFORMANCE INDI CATORS (KPis ) FO R USE BY FMST TO TRACK ANNUAL PROGRESS ON
t of IMPLEMENTATION OF NSTIR 2030. (ratings will be completed by stakeholder's consensus)
cal SIGNIFICANCE AND SCORE (10 is the highest)
KPI
nd APPLICATION I 1 I 2 1 3 4 r
5 I 6 I 1 I 8 I! 9 I, 10 I
nd A. NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA (NCIA.SCORES}
ie5 , This enables th e productivity
NATI ONAL
~ill of Nigeria th rough the help of
A.l COMPETITIVENESS
i ST/ to be assessed relative to
~nt INDEX RANK
; the rank of oth er countries.
ed
This is a measure of the
GLOBAL steatth of the count,Ys-ability
A.2 INNOVATI ON INDEX to use STI to address
RANK challenges and improve
quality of life
This is a measure of the
GLOBAL capacity to produce goods to
A.3 MANUFACTURING serve the economy locally and
IND EX RAN K externally with attendant jobs
and wealth creation
B. SATISFACTION OF NATI,ONAL DOMESTIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES (SNDS-SCORE}
- -
This measures the utility of STI
NO OF STI-FOCUSED
to econom ic development of
8.1 BUSINESSES
CREATED the country through creation
of enterprises
NO OF JOBS this directly measures wea lth
CREATED ANNUALLY
8.2 distribution and contribution ~ -- . ~- --- .
~
BY STI RELATED
FIRMS of STI to social stability
ESTIMATED This measures the extent to
MONETARY
which STI justifies investment
8.3 CONTRIBUTION OF
STI TO NATI ONAL through payback
ECONOMY
TOTAL R&D This measures the diffusion of
8.4 PERSONNEL IN THE STI into the professional stock
COU NTRY (UNESCO)
~n of the cou ntry
~ It NUMBER OF This is an indicator of the use
FOREIGN RAW
of STI to reduce production
~5 8.5 MATERIALS
REPLACED BY costs for Nigerian industries
e
LOCAL MATERIALS
NUMBER OF This is an indicator of impact
PRODUCTS
of STI on industrial growth in
REMOVED FROM
8.6 Nigeria with benefits fo r the
IMPORT LISTS DUE
TO LOCAL economy
PROD UCTION
e
c. PRQOUCll\lllY lN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (P5TI..SCORE}
This measures the
TOTAL NUMBER OF
inventiveness of the country
C.l PATENT
e APPLICATIONS derived from catalyzing
activities of FMST
5
TOTAL NUMBER OF This measures the intellectual
n RESEARCH contrib utions of Nigeria n
5 C.2
ARTI CLES
researchers through ~ -

-
PUBLISHED IN
at INTERNATIONAL discoveries and form ulations
JOURNALS of new approach
This is a meas ure of the
TOTAL NUMB ER OF
contributions of Nigeria 's STI
C.3 COMPLETED STI
~ PR OJECTS to the economic development
~ of the country
~ TOTAL NUMBER OF This is a measure of STI
'r ARTISANS , workforce improvement and
TECHNICIANS,
C.4 expansion to provide skilled
II SCIENTISTS AND
j ENGINEERS workets for Nigeria's
TRAINED industrializa tion

Pa_ge 1138
~
deliverables will also be provided to all agencies of the Federal Government and upon demand , to other
stakeholders. In particular, the foll owing national plan ning organizations will receive reports and
briefings.
1. Federal Ministry of Budget and National Planni ng
2 . Nationa l Planning Commission
3. Federal Ministry of Commerce
4. National Investment Promotion Council
Particularly, FMST will perform programme monitorin g in collaboration with the Federal Ministry
of Budget and National Planning.
. Period Reviews and Modification of Plans
All strategic plans are impacted by circumstances that were not prevailing at this time of their
formulatio n. Being that relatively long time horizons are involved, the probability of path-changing events
is high. NSTIR 2030 covers 14 years. It is divided into three time segments. This makes it flexi ble enough
for modifications as deviant circumstances evolve. Ideally, it wi ll be necessary to review the plan every
three yea rs and make necessary changes without destroying the approach and strategy.
. Stakeholder E:ngagement Processes
In section 4.1 which deals with programme governance, inclusion of experts fro m stakeholder
groups into the governance structures of the Roadmap has been described. Also, in Section 4.4,
mechanisms for engagement of professional associations, learned societies, NGOs, academic
institutions, states and community groups have been discussed.
6.6. External Communications
Research articles and research accomplishments by Nigerians need to be systematically
advertised in domestic and foreign media. Knowledge and intellectual accomplishments of Nigerians are
drowned out in local media by celebrations of accomplishments that matter very little with respect to
national socio-economic development. First of all, the FMST research establishment will be required to
publish a compendium of summaries of research reports annually with contact information on the
investigators/authors. The RMRDC should be commended for publishing its own journal but that should
be internationally indexed. There should also be several more of such publications.
At the public information level, each center should publish a quarterly newsletter, distributed as
hard copies to libraries of all tertiary institutions and government agencies, and electron ically, worldwide.
Impact is on ly made in ran kings and other ratings when stakeholders and evaluators become aware of
the accomplishments of innovators. All the FMST centers and their collaborators produce enough sn
data and discoveries to brief Nigerians and the press on results and their significance on television, radio
and at press briefings every week. NSTIR 2030 covers sub-project on these aspects adequately.
 7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FMST. 2014. Report and communique of the 13th National Council on Science and Technol ogy,
held in Minna Niger State. Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria,
233 pages.
FMST. 2015. Report of the interactive forum with state commissioners in charge of science
and technol ogy on December 14-15 , 2015 , TRANSCORP Hotel , Abuja , Nigeria , 49
pages.
Udoma, U. U. 20 16. Ope ning speech at the National Economic Retreat, Reiz Continental Hotel ,
Abuja, Nigeria, Nov. 10, 2016, 1 1 pages.
FMWR. 2011. Executive summary of th e Nigeria Water Sector Roadmap. Federal Ministry of
Water Resources, Abuja, Nigeria, 49pages.
IMF. 2005. Nigeri a: poverty reducti on strategy paper-National Economic Empowerment and
Development strategy. International Monetary Fund , Washington DC (Report 05/433),
USA, 103 pages.
Dickson, D. 2004. Science and technology communication for development. Plos Biology, Vol.
2, No.1, pp. 0028-0029.
Bra nscomb, L. M. 1999. The false dichotomy: scientific creativity and utility.
http://issues.org/16-1/branscomb/, 11 pages.
Udoma, V. V. 2017. The 2017 budget proposal statement to the National Assembly of the
Federal Republic of Nigeria, 9 pages.
Chetty, L. 2012. The role of science and technology in the developing world in t he 21st Century.
Ethical Technology, http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/659 6, 4 pages.
WCS. 1999. The role of science and technology in society and governance. Executive summary
of the World Conference on Science event on Science for the 21st Century, Alberta,
Canada, Nov. 1-3 , 1998.
FMST. 2011. Science, t echnology and innovation policy. Federal Ministry of Science and
Technology, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, 30 pages.
FMST. 2012 . Presidential statement on the new National Policy on Science, Technology and
Innovation , Federa l Ministry of Science and Technology, Federal Government of Nigeria,
Abuja, Nigeria, 88 pages.
ME. 2013. The journey and status of the Nigerian mining sector. The Mineral Explorer, pp. 5-7
ME. 2013. Agricultural ra w materials: critical issues in processing, marketing and investment.
The Mineral Explorer. Pp. 8-14.
SCJ. 2005. Japan Vision 2050: princi ples of strategic science and technology policy toward
2020. Science Cou ncil of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 30 pages.
BRICS. 2016. BRICS science, technology and innovation work plan 2015-2018, Delhi , India, 4
pages.
FMST. 2016. Inputs into the medium-term successor plan 2016-2030 implementable
programmes, projects and services from policy strategies, plans and activities for
national development. A submission to the Federal Ministry of Budget and National
Planning, Federal Republic of Nigeria by the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology,
Abuja , Nigeria. 34 pages.
FMT. 2010. Draft National Transport Policy. Federal Ministry of Transport, Federal Republic of
Nigeria , Abuja, Nigeria, 59 pages.
Ada mu, B. J. 2013. A contribution t o the National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan (NIIMP)
ICT Working Techn ical Group (WTG) Under the National Planning Commission (NPC},
Federal Republic og Nigeria, 29 pages.
lmevbore, A. M.A. 2012. An Industrial overview of the contribution of industry to sustainable
development in Nigeria. A Report Prepared for UNIDO for the RI0+20 Assessment,
Lagos, Nigeria, 28 pages.
lawai, G. I. 2015 Nigeria's quest for industrial development: Iron and steel quagmire. An
Inaugural Lecture , University of Lagos, Nigeria, 62 pages.
140
22 . CAADP. 2009. The National Sustainable Agriculture Develo pment Plan 2010-2 030: Sierra
Leone's Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme. Freetown. Sierra
Leone, 45 pages.
23. Chete, L. N. , Adeoti , J. 0. , Adeyinka , F. M. and ogunde le, 0. 2012. Industrial development and
growth in Nigeria: lesso ns and cha llenges. Learning to Compete Working Paper No.8,
Nigerian Inst it ute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), lbadan , Nigeria, 38 pages.
24. FMITI. 20 14. The Nigerian Industrial Revolution Plan. Federal Min istry of Indust ry, Trade and
Investment, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, 98 pages.
25. Akinyosoye, M. 2010. Infrastructure development in Nigeria: roadmap t o sustainable
development. A Working Paper. http://www.edc.ca/english/ docs/ gnigeria.e.pdf. 8
pages.
2 6. The Nation. 2011. Contempt fo r sciences: an ed itorial. The Nation Newspape r, Fe bruary 23,
2011.
2 7. Mokwenye, K. 2011. Capital flight, industria l decline, others responsible for Nigeria's problems.
The Compass, August 1, 2011, pp. 2 6.
28. Osagie, C. 2011. FG to tilt industrial foreign policy. This Day, August 1, 2011, Vol. 16, No. 5943,
pp. 29.
29. Van Sertima , I. 1983. The lost sciences of Africa: an overview. Blacks in sci ence: Ancient and
Modern , pp. 7-26.
30. Zaslavsky, C. 1983. The Yoruba number system. Blacks in Science. Ancient and Modern, pp.
110-127.
31. Adams, H. 1983. African observers of the universe: the Siri us question. Blacks in Science:
Ancient and Modern , pp. 27-46.
32. Brown, G. M. 2015. Science and technology education in Nigeria: a histori ca l pe rspective. SCSR
Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 33-41.

33. Edward , V and Levner, M. S. 1975. Read ings in science edu cation fo r elementary school. (3rd
Edition ). New York: Macmillan Publishi ng Compa ny Inc.
34. Emeagwali, G. T. (undated). History of science in non-western traditions: Af rica Lecture Notes
and References. 6 pages.
35. Eze, S. 2008. Travails of early Akwa blacksmiths. The Nigeri a Tribune, August 8 , 2008, pp. 19.
36. Hassan, M. H. A. 2008. Making one world of scien ce . Editorial in Science , Vo l. 3 22, October 24,
2008, pp. 505.
37 . Abraham, C. 2011. African had its own writing systems. Special Feature Article, t he New African,
August/September, 2011, pp. 82-87.
38. Obatala, J. K. 2009. 1kom's ancient astronomical calendars. (1). The Guardian, August 9, 2009.
39. Archibong, M. 2011. lgbo Ukwu Museum t ragedy: lat est on home of 1000-yr ol d artefacts
looted by traffickers. The Daily Sun, March 3 , 2011, pp. 46.
40. Afro Trade 2014. Over 60 years of development plan ning in Nigeria. Featu re Article, Afro Trade,
pp. 37-45.
41. Ugowe, C. 0. 0. 1997. Benin in world history. Hugo Books, Lagos, Nigeria, 29 pages
42. Osagie, E. 2009. Nigerian scientists discover 400 5 yea r-old iron tech nology. The Nati on, April
26, 2009, pp. 19.
43. Adu-Asamoa , B. 2008. Greek philosophers wh o ca me t o Africa t o study. New Af rican, October
2008, pp. 20-26.
44. Musa, T. 2006. Cameroon: for those who say Af rica had no writing syst em. New African , April
2006, pp. 30-31.
45. Pringle, H. 2009. Seeking Africa's first iron men. Science, Vol, 323, January 9 , 2009, pp. 200-
202.
46. Wikipedia (undated). History of science and technology in
http://llen.wikipedia.org/w/index.php. 23 pages.

141
Eglash, R. 1999. African fractals: modern computing and indigenous desi gn. Rutgers University
Press, New Brunswick, US.
Mil ler, D. E. and Van Der Merwe, N. J. 1994 . Ea rly metal workin g in sub-Saharan Africa . Journal
of African History, Vol. 35, pp. 1-36.
Stu iver, M. and Van Der Merwe, N. J. 1968 . Rad ioca rbon chronology of t he iron age in sub-
Saharan Africa. Cu rrent Anthropology.
Alpern , S. B. 2005. Iron in sub-Saharan Africa.
( http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/ history in africa/v032/32./alpern .pdf) .
Wa ldstreic her, D. 2004. Runaway Am eri ca , Benjamin Fran klin , Slavery, and the American
revol uti on . Macmilla n Publishing Company, London , pp. 40.
Smith , R. 19 70. The ca noe in West Afri can history. The Journal of African History, Vol. 11, No.
4, pp. 5 15-533.
Wesler, K. W. 1998. Historical achaelogy in Nigeria. Africa World Press, pp. 143.
Pearce, F. 1999. Africa n Queen. The New Scientist, September 11, 1999, Issue 2203 pp. 2.
Godswill, E. A. 2014. Sci ence and tec hnology in Africa: the key elements and measures of
sustainable development. Gl obal Journal of Science Frontie r Research: G. BioTech and
Genetics, Vol. 14 , Issue 2 , pp.17 -28.
NPC. 2005 . Nigeria: millennium development goals: 2005 Report. National Plannig
Commission, Fed eral Repu blic of Nigeria, Abuja , Nigeria , 72 pages.
lnyang~ H. I. 2016. Configu rat ion of policy and technical syst ems for improvement of Nigeria 's
environment al sustainabllity. A National Merit Award Winner's Lecture, Federal Republic
of Nigeria , Abuj a, Nigeria, 60 pages.
The Wo rl d Bank. 2004. Nigeria: econom ic report. The World Bank, Washington DC, USA, 23
pages.
Ala bira, A. 2008. Using Science, t ech t o drive 7 -point agenda. Thisday, Vol. 13, No. 4849, Jult
3 1, 2008, pp. 45.
Marwa, M. B. 2005. National Econ omic Empowerment and Development Strategy: an
appraisal. Daily Champion, December 3, 2005, pp. 30.
Va nguard. 2010. Vision 20:2020 phase one to cost W32 trillion. Vanguard , October 18, 2010,
pp. 32.
Ofi khenua, J. 20 11. FIRS 2010 co llecti ons hit W2.83 million. The Nation , February 4 , 2011.
NOM. 2006. Science and tech nology roadmap. Satellite Oceanography and Climatology
Division, National Ocean ic and Atmospheric Administration , US Department of
Commerce , Washington, DC, USA.
Kramer, D. 2009. Marburger calls for a new academic fie ld of study in "the science of science
policy". Physics Today, June, 2009, pp. 23-24. ,
KPMG. 2015. Manufactu ring in Africa: sector report. KPMG, Cayman Islands, 21 pages.
Quatr. US. 2016. Science in ancient Africa. http://quatr.us/africa/science/, 2 pages.
Nairala nd. 2012. 12 great African inventions that changed th e world.
http://www.na iraland.com/98 1268/12-great-african-inventions-changed. 12 pages.
Encyclopedia Britannica (extracted by Daily Trust. 2009. Sankore University: rediscover the
glory. Daily Trust, March 25 , 2009, pp. 28-29.
JST. 2016. Contributing to society through science, technology and innovation. Japan Science
and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan, 30 pages.
Obayiuwana , 0. 2010. We want our looted treasures back. New African , May 2010, pp. 10-13.
-
Highet, J. 2010. lfe in all its glory. New African, May 2010, pp. 14-17.
H. M. G.overnment. 2009. The United Kingdom's science and t echnology strategy for countering
Int ernational terrorism. Her Majesty's Government, London, United Kingdom .
DuBois, R. F., Keagle, J. M. and Dudeck, C. 2015. Science, technology and US. National security
st rategy. Center f or Strategic and International Studies Washington , DC, USA, 25 pages.

142
7 4 . Jagannathan, S. 2013. Skills development: pro mising approaches in developed countries and
emerging economies. ADB Briefs. Asian Development Bank, 8 pages.
75. Akaigwe, M. 2010. Issues Jonathan may address as he opens lnnoson auto plant today. Daily
Sun, October 15, 2010, page 5.
76. NNMDA. 2008. Medicinal plants of Nigeria: Southeast Nigeria, Vol. 1. Nigeria Natural Medicine
Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria, 204 pages.
77 . lwuagwu, 0 . 2011. The clusters concept: will Nigeria 's new industrial development strategy
jumpstart the country's industrial takeoff? Afro Asian Journal of Socia1lSciences, Vol. 2,
No. 2, Quarter IV, pp. 1-24.
78. The Nation. 2009. Government increases textile fun d to N 100 billion. The Nation, May 29,
2009.
79. Osagie, C. 2010. Ogun , Shandong begin industrial ga rden development. Thisday, Vol. 15, No.
5714, December 15, 2010, pp. 36.
80. Nigerian Tribune. 2010. FG approves N500 bill ion fo r SMES. Nigerian Tribune, November 9,
2010, pp. 20.
81. Da ily Trust. 2010. Ondo to upgrade Akure Industrial Center. Daily Trust, October 14, 2010.
82. Amanze-Nwachuckwu, C. 2010. FG, private investors col laborate on steel development.
Thisday, Vol. 15, No. 5657, pp. 31.
83. Olayinka, C. 2010. Reps. To legislate against unbridl ed importation. The Guardian , November
5, 2010.
84. Okare, R. 2010. CBN releases N199.67b for SME projects. The Guardian , November 5, 2010.
85. Ojo, J. 2009. After 25 years, FG plans to inject life into Onit sha Metallurgical Institute. Daily
Sun, April 27, 2009 , pp.20.
86. Mernyi, D. 2010. FG to revamp Ajaokuta Steel, NIOMCO-Minister. Daily Sun, December 1, 2010,
pp.46.
87. Okafor, P. 2016. FG commits N51.4bn to industrial clusters, SEZ development. Vanguard,
November 14, 2016, pp. 16.
88. Ali i, F. 2009. Manufacturers challenge FG: practice what you preach. Vangua rd, October 15,
2009.
89. Owonibi, A. 2010. NIPC partners OBG on investment report. Nigerian Tribune , November 1,
2010, pp. 23.
90. Alii, F. 2008. Cluster concept, Nigeria's new industrial policy, Financial Vanguard, October 20,
2008. Pp. 12.
91. Oyelola, 0. T., Ajiboshin, I. 0., Raimi, L., Raheem, S., and lgwe, C. N. 2013. Entrepreneurship for
sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. Journa l of Sustainable Development Studies,
Vol. 2, No.2, pp. 197-215.
92. Ede, E. N. Bamigboye, G. 0., Ogundeji, J. and Azuh , D. 2015. Steel sector repositioning: gateway
to sustainable Nigerian industrial development, International Conference on African
Development Issues, (CU-ICADI) 2015: Materials Tech nology Track, pp. 148-153.
93. Ohimain, E. I. 2012. The challenge of domestic iron and steel production in Nigeria. Greener
Journal of Business and Management Studies, Vol. 3 , No.5, pp. 231-240.
94. FMST. 2014. Strategic implementation/action plan, National Science and Technology Policy.
Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuj a, Nigeria , 129 pages.
95. FMST. 2009. Report of the Vision 2020 National Tech nical Working Group on Science and
Technology. Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria, 86 pages.
96. Udoma, U. U. 2016. Opening address. The Annua l Fo rum of Laureates of the Nigerian National
Order of Merit and the Award Winners Lecture, Abuja, Nigeria, 10 pages.
97. lnyang, H. 1. 2012. Selecting an appropriate energy mix tor Nigeria's sustainable development:
policy and technical requirements. A Keynote Lecture at the Public Presentation of a
Book on Fundamentals of Energy and Environmenta l Journalism, Lagos, Nigeria, 22
pages.
lnyang, H. I. 2011. Production and access to scientifi c data in Africa: a framework for improving
the contrib ution of research institutions. Text of an Invited Lecture at th e International
Symposium on th e Case of International Sha ring of Scientifi c Data , U. S. National
Academic of Sciences, Washingto n DC, USA, 6 pages ..
lnyang, H. I. 2014. Science and Technol ogy - keys to susta inable development of Africa: lessons
from the Israeli experience . The 6th Annual Lecture of the Centre for African -Israeli
Development (CAl D) Abuja, Nigeria, 8 pages.
lnyang, H. I. 20 10. The pe rils of neglect of science in economic development programmes. A
Keynote Lect ure at the First High-Level Roundtable on Science, Technology and
Innovation , National Press Center, Abuja, Nigeria, 11 pages.
lnyang, H. I. 2009 . Buildi ng analytical su pport systems for African sustainable development (1).
Leadership, December 10, 2009, pp. 21.
Aginam, E. 2010. Students will be major beneficiaries of our science and IT park, says Akwule,
DBI boss. Vangua rd , November 10, 2010, pp. 24.
Natsa, T. 2010. Why is Governme nt si lent on research institutes? Leadership , November 5 ,
2010, pp. 22.
Newsom, C. 2012. Renewable energy potential in Nigeria: low-carbon approaches to tackling
Nigeria's energy poverty. International Institute for Environment and Development,
London, UK, 32 pages.
Ket Kukah, T. S., Umar, S. Y. and Oyo, A. M. 2008. Effect of water/cement ratio on the
comprehensive strength of groundnut husk as (GHA) concrete. JORMAR 5 , Vol. 1 & 2,
pp. 28-39.
Ata nda, P. 0. , Oluwole , 0 . 0. and Ogale, 0. T. 2008. Adaptation of Ushafa clay, Abuja as a
suitable replacem ent for be ntonite in the foundary industry. JORMAR 5, No. 1 & 2, pp.
53-60.
Ukwoma, 0. 2008. Synthesis of 4A-type zeolite from calcined Nigerian Kaolinitic days. JORMAR
5 , Vol. 1 and 2, pp. 66-73.
Vangua rd. 2010. Engineering Academy Plans H500 million Rand R Fund. Vangard , November
2, 2010 pp. 33.
FM P. 2015. The National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP), Federal
Ministry of Power, Abuja, Nigeri a, 41 pages.
FMP. 2010. Roadmap fo r Power Sector Reform. The Presidency, Federal Republic of Nigeria,
145 pages.
Richards, 0. 2017. Nigeria loses N 127b yearly to cybercrimes. The Guardian, January 3, 2017,
pp. 8.
NPC. 2005. 2005 MDGs Report. The National Planning Commission, Federal Republic of
Nigeria , Abuja, Nigeria , 54 pages.
Ekene-Okoro, M. 2015. 4 00 new BRT buses to hit Lagos roads soon. The Nation, April 29,
2015.
Obi ke, G. 2016. 10 mill ion il legal miners operate in Nigeria, says Falemi. The Nation,
November 9 , 2016.
The Nation. 2010. NACCI MA seeks diversification towards solid minerals. The Nation, January
11,2010.
Azobu, C. 2015. Developi ng the solid mi nerals sector. PWC Report. www.pwc.comjng, 5 pages.
Adesina , A. 2012. Transforming agriculture to grow Nigeria 's economy. Convocation Lecture at
Obafemi Awolowo University, lfe-lfe, Nigeria, 19 pages.
Muanya, C. 2010. Local spices show promise as natural preservatives. The Guardian , April 22,
2010, pp. 33-39.
Leader'Ship. 2009. World's second largest brewer targets $3billion Africa's home-brew market.
Leadership, July 15, 2009.
Aj ibade, C. 2010. Nigeria yet to meet international standard in herbal products-FG. Leadership,
December 1, 2010 .

Page 144
121. Vanguard, 2010. Minister rates a.gric resea,rch Institute 's performance average. Vangard,
November 2, 2010, pp. 27.
122. The Guardian. 2010. Bank of Agric disburses H38.7 billio n in nine years. The Guardian , Friday,
Dece mber 3, 2010.
123. Oveleye, 0 .. 20 10. How to organize Nigeria's agriculture b)! Fregene. The Guardian, October 31.
2010, pp. 73.
124. Businessday. 2009. FG raises agric research funding by 500%. Business, July 15, 2009.
125. Faghemi, A. 2016. Institutes collaborate to halt post-harvest losses in Nigeria. The Guardian,
November 16, 2016, pp.11.
126. The Guardian . 2016. Diversification, agric revolution and financing opportun ities. The
Guardian , November 16, 2016, pp. 23.
127. Osagie, C. 2016. Linking agriculture to industries for economic growth . This day, September
13, 2016, pp. 26.
128. lTC. 2014. Roadmap for developing and strengthening the Kenyan processed mango sector.
International Trade Center, Geneva , Switzerland, 158 pages.
129. Okoye, C. 2009. Motion picture: vital tool for re-branding. Thisday, Vol. 14, No. 517, pp. 26.
June 19, 2009.
130. Adaramola, Z. 2009. Firm to build phone cable from Katsina to Tunisia. Daily Trust, October
23,2009.
131. Osondu, E. 2010. NCC: N4 billion investment needed to improve ICT. Thisday, Vol. 15, No.
5653, October 14, 2010, pp. 10.
132. lba, L. 2010. 18% of Nigerians access internet da ily-RMS-survey: Daily Sun, October 20, 2010,
pp.12.
133. Wil liams, S. 2010. Minister: Nigeria Sat 2 will provide valua ble data for vision 2020. Daily
Trust; December 3 , 2010.
134. Leadership. 2010. FG to approve automatic licenses fo r community radio. Leadership, October
20,2010,pp. 11. ~
135. Alade, B. 2016. Cloud adoption identified as leeway to business transformation. The Guardian,
November 16, 2016, pp.37.
136. MCT. 2012. National Information Communication Technology (ICT) Policy (Draft). Federal
Ministry of Communication Technology, Abuja, Nigeria , 55 pages.
137. PCB. 2012. Nigeria's National Broadband Plan 2013-2018. Presidential Committee on
Broadband , Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, 105 pages.
138. DHPR. 2006. Revised policy-programme and strategic plan of action, Department of Health
Planning and Research, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria, 73 pages.
139. IRENA. 2016. Roadmap for a renewable energy f uture. International Renewa bl e Energy
Agency, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 21 pages.
140. FMWASD. (Undated). National Action Plan for Implementation of UNSCR 1325 and Related
Resolutions in Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Devel opment,
Abuja, Nigeria, 45 pages.
141. FMED. 2009. Roadmap for the Nigerian Education Sector: Federal Mi nistry of Education,
Abuja, Nigeria, 148 pages.
142. 10M. 2014. Needs assessment of the Nigerian ed ucation sector. International Organization for
Migration, Abuja , Nigeria, 62 pages.
143. FGN. 2006. Nigeria Tourism Development Master Plan. Final Report Executive Summary.
NIR/03/002. Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, 35 pages.
144. FMH. (Undated). National Strategic Framework on the Health and Development of Adolescents
and Young People in Nigeria. 2007-2011. Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria,
104 pages.
145. Muanya, C. and Anuforo, E. 2016. Growing resistance to antibiotics forces WHO to review
guidelines. The Guardian , Tuesday, September 6, 2016, page 3.

145
DPR. 2015. The Nigeria n 2015 Oil and Gas Annual Report. Department of Pet roleum
Resources, Abuja , Nigeria , 75 pages.
Osalor, P. 2010. Nigerian infrastructure developme nt and the enterprise reso lut ion : an African
perspective-part 2. Vanguard, December 6, 2010, pp. 23.
Agbola , T. 2010. Federal Government, Lafarge to add ress buildi ng coll apse. The Nation ,
December 1, 2010.
Em eo:zor, E. 2010 . Engineers express concern over Nigeria's physical devel.opment. Da lly Sun,
October 20, 2010 , pp. 12.
Ba logun, A. 2016. Infrastructure development in Nigeria: better late than never. Advisory
Outl ook. PWC, Caymans, 1 page.
Okereoch a, C. 2016. Nigeria gets US$92.73 million from US to fight poverty. The Nation,
October 12, 2016.
Ad eoya, T. 2010. World Bank approves US$258 million for Abidjan -Lagos corridor. Thisday,
Vol. 15, No. 5450, March 25, 2010, pp. 7.
Ogida n, S. 2010. ADB releases US$4 13 million for Bamenda-Enugu Highway. Compass News,
Ju ne 24, 2010, pp. 51.
ltsibor, M. 2016. Development Ba nk of Nigeria to begin operation in January, 2017 .
Leadersh ip, October 18, 2016.
NEMA. 2010. 500,000 Nigerians displaced by flood-NEMA. Leadership, November 3 , 2010,
pp.19.
Adebayo, B. 2016. Crisis looms as drug prices increase by 150%. Punch, November 16, 2016.
Okereke, 0. 2010. Unem ployment in Nigeria. The Economy, August 31, 2010, pp. 26-28.
Aderem i, H. 0., Hassan , 0. M., Siyanbola , W. 0., and Taiwo, K. 2013. Trends in enrollment,
graduation and staffing of science and technology education in Nigeria tertiary
institutions: a gender parti cipation perspective. Educational Research and Reviews,
Vol. 8 , No. 21, pp. 2011-2020.
J

Adefuye, A. 2010. Higher education in Nigeria: a foreign· policy dividend. A 2010 Convocation
Lecture at the University of lbadan, lbadan, Nigeria. The Guardian , December 5 , 2010,
pp. 53-55.
King, D. A. 2006. Aid to enhance Africa's skills. An edit oria l. Science, Vol. 314, October 20,
2006.
Atonko, B. 2010. FG Wa nt s foreign firms to employ Nigerian engineers. Daily Trust, July 7,
2010.
Chete, L. N., Adeoti, J. 0., Adeyinka, F. M. and Ogundele, 0. (Undated). Industrial development
and growth in Nigeria: lessons and challenges. Working Paper No. 8 on Learning to
Complete. Nigeria n Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), lbadan , Nigeria ,
38 pages.
The Economist. 2015. The Innovation Game: charts, maps and infographics. The Economist
(http://www. Economist.comj blogs.graphicdetail/2015/07/daily-chart), 2 pages.
FMNSD. 2016. Roadmap for the Growth and Development of the Nigerian Mining Industry.
Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, Abuja , Nigeria, 103 pages.
FMARD. 2016. Agriculture Promot ion Policy (2016-2020): policy and strategy document.
Federal Ministry of Agricultu re and Rural Development, Abuja , Nigeria, 59 pages.
UNESCO. 2015. UNESCO science report. Towards 2030. Executive Summa ry. United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cult ural Organization, Paris, France, 37 pages.
NOTAP. 2009. Proceedings of the National Workshop on the Status of Software Licensing and
Development in Nigeria, lkej a, Lagos, Nigeria, 158 pages.
Bol u, C. A. and Egbo, K. 2014. The role of higher education institutions in the development of
ICT professionals for innovation in Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering
In novation and Research, Vol. 3 , Issue 1, pp. 2277-5668.
NOTAP. 2009. Communiq ue. Nati onal Workshop on the Status of Software Licensing and
Development in Nigeria , lkeja, Lagos, Nigeria, 154-158 pages.
170. Mi ke, J. A. 2010. The structure of the Nigerian manufacturing industry. Proceedings of the
National Wo rkshop on Stren gthening Innovation and Capacity-building in the Nigerian
Manufacturing Sector, lkeja , Lagos, pp. 87-107.
171. Okujagu , T. F. 2010. Traditional technologies as tools for technology advancement.
Proceedings of the National Workshop on Strengthening Innovation and Capacity-
building in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector, lkeja, Lagos, pp. 87-107.
172. Aj ibola, 0. 2010. Public private partnership for science , techn ology and innovation in Nigeria.
Proceedings of the National Workshop on Strengthening Innovation and Capacity-
bu ilding in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector, lkeja, Lagos, pp. 112-119.
173. Okej iri, E. C. 2010. Creating national innovation system through strategic networking and
partnerships between relevant institutions (1). Proceedings of the National Workshop
on Strengthening Innovation and Capacity-building in the Nigerian Manufacturing
Sector, lkeja , Lagos, pp. 155-163.
17 4. Okejiri, E. C. 2010. Creating national innovation system through strategic networking and
partnerships between relevant institutions (2). Proceedings of the Nationa l Workshop
on Strengthening Innovation and Capacity-building in the Nigerian Manufacturing
Sector, lkeja, Lagos, pp. 165-169.
175. The Guardian. 2010. AfDB urged to award African fi rms contracts. The Guardian, April 22,
2010.
176. Ehigiator, K. 2010. Sanusi urges access to fund for Nigerians. Vanguard, November 9 , 2010,
pp. 8.
177. lnyang, H. I. 2016. A Road map for Sustainable (green) Development of Akwa lbom State
(2016-2030). Submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources, Akwa
lbom State of Nigeria, Uyo, Nigeria, 87 pages.
178. Sunday Punch. 2010. Crisis in the manufacturing sector: how 384 companies closed in
Nigeria. Sunday Punch , October 31, 2010, pp. 1-2.
179. Alaneme, B. 2016, Urgently-needed actions as Nigeria's STI. A submission for consideration
as recommendations for the 2017-2030 National Science and Technology
Improvement Roadmap (NSTIR) of Nigeria, 2 pages.
180. OSTP. 2014. The 2015 budget: science, technol ogy, and innovation for opportunity and
growth. Office of Science and Technology Policy, The White House, Washington, DC,
USA, 10 pages.
181. Olugbenga, T. K., Jumah, A. G., and Phillips, D. A. 2013. The current and future challenges of
electricity market in Nigeria. African Journal of Engineering Research , Vol. 1, No.2, pp.
33-39.
182. NEC and OSTP. 2015. A Strategy for American In novation. National Economic Council , and
Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington DC, USA, 119 pages.
183. NPC. 2016. Our future-make it work. South Africa National Development Plan 2030. National
Planning Commission, Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa , 485 pages.
184. RMRDC. 2015. The 2015 annual report. Raw Materia ls Research and Development Council
(RMRDC), Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria, 84 pages.
185. Republic of Mauritius. (Undated). National report of the Republic of Mauritius on the Third
International Conference of Small Island Developing States, Redu it, Mauritius, 31
pages.
186. Government of India. 2013 Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013. Ministry of
Science and Technology, India, New Del hi, India, 16 pages.
187. OBIS. 2014. Our Plan for Growth: science and innovation. Department of Business Innovation
and Skills, Her Majesty's Treasury. Londor1, UK, 71 pages.
188. Government of Brazil. 2016. Brazils Third Action Pla n. Ministry of Transparency, Oversight and
Comptroller-General, Brasilia, Brazil, 59 pages.
The Finnish Research Infrastructure Committee. 2013 . Finland's Strategy and Roa dma,p for
Research Infrastructure 2014-2020. Academ y of Finland , Finn ish Research
Infrastructures, and Ministry of Education and Culture , Helsinki; Fi nland , 72 pages.
Ministry of Research , Sc ience and Techno logy. 2006 Roadmaps Science: nanosc ience +
nanotechn ologies. Ministry of Research, Science and Techno logy, Christchurch, New
Zealand, 68 pages.
DTA. 2014. Research, Sci ence and Tec hnology Strategic Plan: FY 2014/15-FY 2019/20. New
Zealand Def ense Force, Christc hurch , New Zealand , 19 pages.
NCGR B. 2009 . Crop va rieties released and registered in Nigeri a. National Center for Genetic
Resources and Biot echnology, Moor Pantation , lbadan , Nigeria, 45 pages.
The Federa l Governm ent of Germany. 2016. The New High-Tec h Strategy-Innovations fo r
Germany. The Federal Government of Germany, Berlin , Germany, 51 pages.
Government of Canada. 2014. Seizing Canada's Moment: Moving Forward in Science,
Technology and Innovation 2014. Government of Canada, Ottawa , Canada , 59 pages.
The Scien ce and Technology Policy Council of Finland. 2006. Science, Technology and
Innovation. The Sci ence and Technology Pol icy Council of Finland , Helsinki , Finland , 55
pages.
The Ministry of Science and Technology. 2000. Vision 2025: Korea's Long Term Plan for
Sci ence and Technology Development. Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul ,
South Korea , 128 pages.
Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry. 2006. Susta ining Innovation-Driven Growth: Science
and Technology Plan 20 10. Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore, 6 5 pages.
NPC. 2009. Nigeria Visi on 20:2020 Economic Transformation Blueprint. National Planning
Commission, Abuja, Nigeria, 125 pages.
Daily Sun. 2016. Over 72% of Nigeria's fruits, vegetable perish before consumption . Daily Sun,
Decembe r 22 , 2016.
Alams, B. and Ozuzu, 0. 2014. Nigeria's energy security milestones and tasks ahead. African
Science and Tech nology Digest, pp. 9-12.
lnyang, H. I. 2014. Transforming STEM education in Nigeria: observations and
recommendations. African Scie nce and Technology Digest, pp. 23-28.
KM PG. 2015. Manufact uri ng in Africa. Sector Report. KPMG , Cayman Islands, 19 pages.
lnyang, H. I. 2010. Overview of environ mental disasters and risk management in Nigeria. A
Special Presentation to the Senate Committee on Environment and Ecology. Federal
Republic of Nigeria , Abuj a, 9 6 pages.
Ayeni, A. 0., Soneye, Fasuwon, Mit eku, R. T. , and Djiotang-Tchotchou , 2011. Water resources
development optimization in a climate change scenario: case study of Ben in-Owena
Basin, Nigeria. Research Journa l of Environmental Sciences , Vol. 5 , pp. 59-6 7.
Wright, F. G., lnyang, H. I. and Myers, V. B. 1993. Risk reduction through regulatory control of
waste disposal faci lity siting. Jo urnal of Environmental Systems , Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 27-
35.
lnyang, H. I. 2012. Producti on and access to scientific data in Africa: a framework for improving
t he contribution of research institutions. Proceedings of the U.S. National Research
Council Symposium on International Sharing of Scientific Data , held in April 18-19,
National Academy Press, Washington D.C., pp. 115-117.
Gil. 2015. The Global Innovation Index: effective innovative policies for development, Johnson ,
Cornell University, INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization, Geneva ,
Switze rland, 411 pages.
lnya ng, H. I. 2010. Dependence of observation-based conclusion on the thermodynamics and
kin etics of environ mental processes. Environmental Systems, Vol. 32, No. 2 , pp. 91-
92.
lnyang, H. I. 2004. Interna lizing exte rnal intellectual support systems for national economic
development. Full Text of t he Keynote/Plenary Lectu re at the Education Conference on

148
 Bridging the Gap, Association of Nigerian Enginee rs in Minnesota (ANEM ), St. Paul , MN,
USA. 8 pages.
210. lnyang, H. I. 2009 . Materials extra ction an d use within the fram ework of global sustainable
development. Journal of Energy Engineeri ng, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
211. lnyang, H. I. and Bae, S. 2005. Po lyacry lamide sorptio n opportunity on interlayer and external
pore surfaces of contaminant barrier cla ys. Chemosphere, Vol. 58, pp. 19-31.
212. Kaanagbara , L. , lnyang, H. I, Wu , J. and Hilger, H. 2010. Aromatic and ali phatic hydrocarbon
balance in electric t ransfo rmer oils. Fuel , Vol. 89, Issue 10, pp. 3114 - 3118.
213. Cho i, S-W. , Park , S-W. , Lee , C-S., Kim , H-J, Bae, S. and lnyang, H. I. 2009. Patterns of VOC and
BTEX concentration in ambient air around industria l so urces in Daegu , Korea. Journal
of Environmental Science and Health, Pa rt A, Vol. 44, pp. 99-107.
214. lnyang, H. I. 2007 . Technical and policy mechan isms for implementation of renewable energy
systems in developing countries. Proceed ings of the 5th UNU and GIST Joint
Programme Workshop on Sound Ma nageme nt of Hazardous Chemicals and
Sustainable Energy, Kwangju , Korea, 13 pages.
215. PWC. 2015. The World in 2050: will the shift in global economic power continue?. A Fut ures
Report of PriceWaterHouse Coopers, London, UK, 43 pages.
, 216. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka , B. 1997. Industrial Technology Policy: making and implementation in
Nigeria-an assessment. NISER Occasional Pa per, lbadan.
217 . Bamiro, 0. A. 1994. National technology policy fo r development: the role research and
development institutions. A Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Technology
Management, Policy and Planning in Nigeri a.
218. lbietan, J. and Ekhosuehi, 0. 2013. Trends in development planning in Nigeria : 1962-2012.
Journal of Sustainable Development in Afri ca , Vol. 15, No.4, pp. 297 -311.
219. Okereke, 0. 2010. 50 years of industrialization st ruggle: whi ch way Nigeria?. The Economy,
October 31, 2010, pp. 56-58.
220. UNIDO. Undated Employment: creating jobs for life. A Publication of the Un it ed Nations
Development Programme (UNIDO), Abuja , Nigeria . 2 pages
221. AUC. 2015. Agenda 2063: the Africa we want. The African Union Commission , Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, 24 pages.
222. AUC. 2015. Sc ience , Technology and Innovation St rategy for Afri ca 2024 (STISA-2024). Human
Resources, Science and Technology, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia,
51 pages.
223. FMH. 2016. National Health Policy, 2016: Promoti ng the Health of Nigeri ans to Accelerate
Socio-economic Development. Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja , Nigeria, 4 9 pages.
224. FMH. 2016. National Health ICT Strategic Framework 2015-2020. Federal Ministry of Health,
Abuja, Nigeria, 61 pages
225. FMH. 2013. National Routine Immunization Plan (2013-2015). National Primary Healthcare
Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuj a, Nigeria.
--

• APPENDIX 1 : UTILITY OF THE NSTIR 2030 PROGRAMMES TO K1

EY ELEMENTS OF RECENT NIGERIAN NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECTOR PLANS
KIEY 'iJiO NUMBER COOES OF FMST RESEARCH PROGB~MMES
1. Biotech nology including Pharmacology 6. Materials Science including Nanotech nology
2. Health and Nutriti on 7. Mathematics, Computational, and communication Systems
3. Environment, Meteorology and Water Resources 8. Space and Geospatial Systems
4. Facil ities and Networked Systems 9 . Artif icial Intelligence an d Robotics
5. Renewable Energy Systems and Photonics 10.Science Commun ication and Techn ology Diffusion
RELEVANCE OF FMST RESEARCH
RECENT NIGERIAN RELEVANT NSTIR 2030 UTILITIES
PROGRAMME
NATIONAL : SPECIAC KEY INJTlATJVES IN THE NIGERIAN
Tech.
ECONOMIC NAnONAL ECONOMIC SECTOR PLANS 1 2 : 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ' 10 Policy lnfrac. R&D
Training
and
Science Monit. &
/ Talent Literacy Evaluat.
SECTOR PlANS I Com.
A. THE ECONOMIC • Purchase of made-in-Nigeria goods X X X X X
RECOVERY AND
.
1

• Promotion of manufacturing powerhouses in i

•GROWTH PLAN X X
Aba, CcJ/abar, Kaduna, Kano, Lagos, Nnewi, X :X X X X
'(2Cl17)
On.itsha and Ota
• Self-sufficiency in food and aJtro-oroducts :X 'X 'X 'X X X X
• .Revival of abandoned Nigeria fertilizer X X X
X X
blending plants
• Export processing of agricultural products and X X
X X X X X X
marw factured goods.
'
• Policy instruments t\0 support import I
x· X X X X
substitution
. '
!

• Boosting of oil exploration and downstream X X X X X

X X
activities
I
• Rapid development o f infrastructure: road rail X X X X
X X
and power
• Development of digital platforms to modernize X X X X
,, X X
the Nigerian economy --.

• Support for innovation to improve productivity X X X X

X X
!
.a nd competitiveness
I
• .Programmes to protect lives and property X X X X X X
nationwide (national security)
• .Promote beneficiation of solid minerals X X ' X X X
• .Improvement of .health care delivery :X X X X X X X X
• fmQrovement of education at a.ll levels :X X X X X X X. X X X X X X X X

IPage 1150
B. JliHE lR O~DM.61P FOR • Winning over of domestic users of industrial I I I I I I XI I I I X I I I X I X I X
GROWTH~ND minerals
DEVELORMENT OF
iiHE N IGERI ~N
• Expansion of domestic ore and mineral asset 1 I I I XI I XI I XI I I 1 X I X I X I X
rocessin indusl
MINING !INDUSTRY
{2016) • ·Implementation of industrial power generation 1 I I I I xl I I I I I I X I X I X I X
usins_ N1s_erian coal resources
• Development of the steel sector to provide a
so/Jd backbone for the Nigerian manufacturing I I I I I I XI I I I I 1 X I X I X I X
and industrial econom
• lmprov,ement of t he quality and br._eadth of 1 I I I I I I xl XI I I I X 'I X I X I X I I .x
~eoscientific data
• Jmprovement of the env.ironmentall
I I xl I I I I I I il I I X I X I X I X I X
sustainabilifr. of t he minin(. indus!fl:.
C. l NIGERIA • Catalysis of industria l activities to become the
INDUSliRIAL dominant job creator and income generator for Id XI xl XI d XI XI XI XI X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
REVOLUTION PLAN Ni eria in 5 ears
{2014)
• Attainment of status be Nigeria as the
preferred manufacturing hub and one of the I xl XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
top two .flubs in West Africa
• Attainment of status of preferred source of low-
medium tec.hnotogy consumer and industrial I XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
:Oods domestical'l:, and res_iona/1~
,. • Broad p lans to promote job creation, revenue
d iversifi-cation, import substitution, e~port I XI xl XI xl XI XI xl XI xl
1

X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X
d iversification and broadenins_ of the tax base
• Resource mapping of installed plants,
Jo,cations of raw materials and demand • I I I I I xl xl d I I I I X I X I I I X
centers
• D.eve.lopment of information system t_o i
facilitate t he search for comp,anfes .a nd skilled I I I I I l xl I I x I 'I I X I X I I I X
people in each industrial sector
• Work with appropriate agencies such as the ,
Nigerian Bureau of statistics to d,evelop : I I I
I I I I I I xl xl I X I I I I X
quantitative indices for scale of Nigeria's '
industrial e,roductillift.
• Achievement of 20-30% operating cost
advantage i n manufacturing in Nigeria relative 1 I I XI XI XI I I I I I I I X I X I X
to competing countries on low-medium
technotostv oroducts.
 iT"iHE AG'RICULTURE • Increase in agriculture's share GDP to 23% X X X ! X X ' X X X X
PROMOTION POUICY !
• Increase in agriculture's share of labor force to X X X X X X X
(2016-2020) X
I
I 70% ' .,

• Integration of agricultural community value

chains into the broader supply chain of X X X i I X X X X X
' '
Nfgerian and globa l industrial activities ' I !
. -· .-..,
'
• F.acmtation of the national capacity to meet
Nfg.eria 's food security and food safety X X X X X X X X X X
requirements while providing quality nutrition I
'
• .Promotion of the responsible use of land, I

water and other natural resources to creat.e

vibra nt agricultural sector that provides ' X X X X X X
employment and livelihood w growing
population
• .Provide better coordination of the national
agricultural research system, delivety of
X X :X X X X X X X X
extension services and public and private
sector supplies
• Promotion of investment in agriculture X :X X X X
' "

• Financing of agricultural development

X X X X X I
programmes
• Expansion of research for innovation and X X ' X X X X
productivity improvement
• Development of a_
gricuJtural information X
! X X X X
systems I
I
' • Revival of regional farm radio broadcasts to
provide advice on planting, weeding, X X X X X
I
harvesting an,d product prictng
i . - -
• Provision services on soil test ing and mapping,
crop rotation, fertilizer application, etc, w X X X X X X X I
i
enhance soU fertility
• Stimulate domestic production o(good quality
X X X X X X X X X
inputs such as seeds, fertilizer and enzymes.
• Specify standards and implement quality
control processe-s at various levels of the value X X X X X X X
chain
- -
• Provision of access to information on X X X X X X
innovations and markets

•
 • Performance of regular, methodology-driven
livestock sutVeys and census wdrive evidence- I XI XI I I I I I I I X I I I X I X I I I X
based
• Support of the establishment of modem
ranching, abattoir and livestoc.k processing I XI XI XI XI XI I I I I XI I X I X I X I I :1 X
s
• Promotion of water conseJVation by haJVesting
run-off water and r-edudng desertification by I I I XI I XI I I I I X I X I X I X I X I X I X I X

breading p ;r ;r(IJ

f lsneryJaquacwwre mpurs
XXX X X X X I I I X

• Promotion of pest and disease control services X X X X X

E. I NAf~ONAL • Assurance of the development of the nation's
'RENEWABLJE
X X X X X I X
enert.Y resources with source-s diversification
ENERGY AND
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
" Acceleration of the process of acquisition and
POLICY (NREIEEP) diffusion of technology, managerial expertise
(201.5) and indigenous participation in renewable I XI I I I XI I I I I X I I X I X I X I X I X
energy and energy efficiency sector industries
for stabilitt, and self-reliance
" Supply of electricity to almost half of the
Nigerian population that is currently electricity I XI I I I XI XI I I I X I I X I X I X I X
deficient
Diversificat ion of energy res..oume base and
the mix amon~t .tar~te, mini a.nd microsystems
X. X X X X X I X I X I X I X

• Increase in the contribution of sotar energy to

;the total ene~;gy mix to a minimum o.f 3 % of the X I I I
1 I 1 I I XI XI XI I I I X I I X I X X X
total electricity supply by 2020 and 6% by

• Extension of electricity supply to rural and

remote/ off-grid areas t hrough the use of solar I I I I XI XI I I I I X I I X I X I X I X I X

X X X X X X

• Development of extension X X X X
facilitate the use of solar

1154

T:
 • Promotion of re..search and development on X X X X X X X
solar enerl!v technology ~-
- ~~

• Sourcing and providing adequate incentives to ' '

.lo ca.l entreprenetJrs for the prodtJction of solar X X X X X X X X X X
enerl!v conversion sy.stems
• Implementation of web-based solar '

prospecting tool that trans.lates solar ' X X X X X X X X X X

resources into pote ntial power generation at '
''
t he local level
• Training of s.k111ed manpower .for the
maintenance of solar energy conversion X X X X X X
svstems - ~

• EncotJraging research and development on X X X X X X X

wind enerstv utilization
• .tntensiftcation of wind data acqu[sition and !

development of wind maps with web-based X X X x' x X X X X I

with prospecting
• Development and implementation of
i ncentives for the development of wind farms X X X X X X X II
X X X. X X
and adoption of community, off-g.rid wind
I energy systems
. • Trainin,g of skilled local craftsmen to ensure
sustainable operation of wind ener,gy systems
,,
- X ' X X X X
I
I i
I
• Development of zoning and re,gtJiatmy wind I

energy guidelines to prevent inappropriate X X X X

public o.utcry against dep.loyment .o f wind I
I
t.urbines
• Implementation of feasibility st udies for small
community-based renewable electricity I

solutions fo r off-grid areas, includ ing home- x. X X X

I
based wind, solar, hydro, biomass and tidal I

systems
• P'((:>motion of the demonstration and
XI X. ' X X X
dissem ination of energy devices tor adoption X
and market oenetration ' .

• Initiation and promotion of renewable energy

and energy efficiency educational institutions X X X X X I
and research activities in educational
Institutions and research institutes
 -

IIIIIJJI
a nd development in energy systems, including X X X X X
in formation and software solutions
• Encouragement of data collection and
statistical analyses of energy consumption X x, X
I
X X X
patterns
··-·
• Increase in Nigeria's participation in '

i nternational renewable energy and energy X X X

efficiency-related orttanizations '
F. ORAFT NATIONAL • .Promotion of economic development., trade
'ftRANSPORT POLICY t
expansion and Nigeria's competitiveness
{201 0') X X X X X X X X X
through an efficient and affordable transport
svstem
---, ---

• Promotion of the use of public transport over

X X X X X X X I
private cars _, _____
~ ' ' ~ ~ ~

• Promotion of the culture of maintenance and

continuous upgrade of transport infrastructure X X X X X X X
I
and services
• .Develo,p ment of transPOrt infrastructure that
ensures environmental sustainability and
intemationallv acceoted standards
rx lx X X
I
X X X X X X
... ----·

• Suppo.r t of the States and FCT on the

development and promotion of rural X X X X X X X
.accessibiJity i

• Minimization of greenhouse gas emissions X X X X X X

and other poJiutants
I
• R,egionalization of existing po.r ts .i nto functional
X X X X X I
but independent port complexes
• Concession of each port complex to a suitable
X X X X
private sector companv
• Elimination of p.tws.i cal constraints to
X X X X X I

naviJ!ation in the countfY'S watetways i

• Promotion o'f export trade and accelerated X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X
' national econom ic growth, !
I ~ - -
• Acquisition and development of shipping
technology to enhance Nigeria 's ability to X X X X X
engage in ship buildiflff. and repa.i.r
• Monitoring of the development and conditions X X
')( X X X X
of the Nll!erian road svstem
-- . -

Page 11 166

-I
 • By the year 2025 extens.ion of irrigation
facmties to reaUze Nigeria 's irrigation potential X X X X X X X X
of 3.14 mi!1io.n hectares '
' ..

H. ROADM.I\P FOR THE • Periodic review of tertiary education curricula

NIGERIAN to ensure alignment with national needs and X X X X X X X X X X , X X X X
EDl!JCAJION SECTOR '
f!.oals everv 5 vears
(2009)
• Improvement of funding sources for tertiary ;
education by exploring wategies such as cost~
sharing, PPP, endowments, consulting
'
X X X X X I
.,
'
I services, alumni support etc. I
-~ I
• Implementation of government directives on X X X X X X I
ICT initiatives in tertiary institutions I

• . Re~inswtement of the moribund Teacher I

Vacation Courses (TVC) in science and X X X X X X I
technoloi!.v in post-basic education
' "'
I
• Empowerment of post-basic education
agencies to review, update, print and circulate X X X X X
. II
curriculum and examination syllabi
• Provision of extensive training to upgrade the
III I
stills of the unqualified post bas.ic education X X X X X X
teachers to enable them teach technology in
the Vocational Educational Institutions (VEts) .. ,

• Provision of seed f!.rants to VHs X X X X

• Ensuring of timely review and enrichment of '

the curricula of basic (primary and nursery) " X X X X

schools i
• Increase in budgetary provision for fCT
X X X X
I
I
laboratories and associated infrastructure in
basic schools
X X X
II
I
• In both basic and post-basic schools, develop
' X X X X
II
programmes t hat recognize anti reward
I
teachers thrmJf!.h incentives f

• Ensuring of gender p.,ar:ity in teacher I '

' X X X X X
I recruitment ,II
• Encouragement of major publishers to
produce relevant t,extbooks and instructional
I X X X X X X II
II
materials to feed the basic education
subsector throt.JP.h PPP I

I
II
!Page 115'8
 • Implementation of the policy on ICT education X X X X X X X X X
at aJ/Ievels
• Provision of alternative power supply such as 'X 'X 'X X !
X X X X
solar energy and biomass eneri!V in schools
I. 'NATIONAL HEALTH • R,eduction ot reproductive, maternal, neonatal, X ' X X X
POLJICY (2016) child and adolescent health oroblems
-
• Prevention and control of communicable and X '
X X X X
non~mmunicab/e diseases
i
. • Reduction of the burden of public health X
1
X
,emergencies
• Promotion of mental, oral and eye health and X X X
wellbeing of aJJ Nif!.erians
i . ~ -·
• Improvement of the nutritional health status,
throughout the life c-ycle of Nigerians with .X X
focus on vulnerable R.rov os
"

• Reduction of the burden ot food-borne

diseases and illnesses among the general X X
population
----------- .. --- ~

• Reduction of the disease burden resulting

fro m unsafe water and poor sanitation in X X X X X X
Nigeria
• Ensure of proper healthcare waste '
management and protection of human health
X X X X X X
from environmental and chemical hazards and
the effects of c/.imate chan,t!.e I :
• Reduction ofoveratl burden of disease through X X X X X
behavior and JJfestvte chanl!e I

• Ensuring aJJ access to gender-sensitive health i

X X !

services irrespective of sexual orientation

• Improve healthcare systems in Nigeria to X
!
X X
I reverse outward medical tourism
• Ensure quality medicines, vaccines and other
X I X X
health technolpJ!ies
J. NAiJiJONAL • Provide skills-based nutrition education for
STRATEGIC X X X X
adequate energy and protein consumption
FRftiMEWORK ON
• Improvement of household food processing X X X X X X
technology to reduce labor inout

l .1.59
- ·-.

-.~llilllllwl-
- --
 I
.

THE HEALTH AND • Facilitation of favorable environments and

DEVELOPMENT X X X X X
o_EPottunities for p hysical activit!'_
• Advocacy/ sensitization of food manufactures X X X X X
and importers to vitamin @flUirements
I
.... ·~ -
• Implementation of consumer education X X X X X
programmes through .popular media I
. '
• ModifJcation of foods through activities that
reduce iron deficiency, anemia, and iodine X x , X· X X X
deficiency
• Performance of studies (situation analyses) of X X X X X X X X
J'_oung people's involvement in accidents
--. -- ~ - ·-
• Design of appropriate interventions that ti3rget X
I
X X X X X X
reduction of accidents
;
• Performance of multi-media awareness X
X X X
campaign on road safety
• Research on the pattern of drug use among at- X X X X X
ris k groups I

• Research on the effects of emergency

I
substances, e.g., Zakani, paw-paw leaves, on .X X X X X
health
• Training of counsellors and other health I
I
workers on early identification of people with X X ' X X X
i
drug problems, and rounsellin,g skilt:s
• Establishment of counselling centers on aJ!
states and LGAs within existin_g Hea.lth Care X X . X X X X X
Centers
.. '
• Establishment of vocational centers within and X X X X X X X
outside hospitals, on healt h
• O(ganization of works hops/seminars aimed at ! i
people-oriented solutions to the drug problem X X X X X
and other .health challen_
ges
- ' -
• Training and re-training of healt h education
i X X X X X
I : and teachers in curricula 'j
I
• Training of resource persons/speakers to
implement community-based Health X X X X X
Education Programmes
"

K. INAiliiONAL • Creation of about 7 million jo.bs by 2007 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

'ECONOMIC thro~gh support for ent~ises, worker

Page '1160
 EMPOWERMENT training and promotion of integrated rural I
~N DDEVELOPM6NT development '
STRATEGY (2005)
• Creation of affordable hous.ing throu_gh use of
local ouitding materials, train ing of arc.hitects X X X
X X X X X X i
in low-cost housing designs, and easing land
acquisition processes
. ,

! • Improvement of .health-care setvices with

i
focus on health education, local p roduction of X X X X X
X X X
drugs, and focus on t he domestically prevalent '
i diseases 'I
1
• Stren_gthening of the skills base through
!
provision of lCT, special distance learning, X. X X X X X X
improvement of vocational training and '
establishment of technical schools
-~

• Protection of vulnerable groups X 'X 'X X' X X X X

• Promotion of peace and security through
security sector reform, implementation of early X X X X X X X X X
warning s}'Stems among other support
systems
..
• Promotion of private enterprise X X X .X X X X X X X X X X X
L NAn ONAL • Engenderinl! of a culture of STI in the society X X X X
liECHNICAL
, • Building of a competitive workforce that is X X X X X X X
WORKING GROUP i X X X X X X X X X X
science-based
VISION 2020
j • Forging of a national innovation system that i
i encompasses all existing and new STI X X X X X X X' X x. X X X X X X X X
initiatives I
• Enhancement of the level of investment and i
participation of the private and public sectors X X X X X X X: X X X X X X X X
: in R&D and innovation activities
• Building of capacity in new technologies such :
as biotechnologies, nanotechnology and X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
advanced materials
I --.
'
i • Development of capabilities in space
technologies as an essential tool for socio· X X X X X X X X
economic development of Nigeria
• Development of science-based traditional X X X X X X X X
medicine and indigenous knowledge
M. SCIENCE. • Facilitation and acquisition of knowledge to
TECHNOLOGY AND X X X X X X X X X X X 'X X X X X X
adaot. utilize, rep licate and diffuse
 ---.--- I
INNOVATION POLICY tech nologies fo r t he growth of SMEs,
(STI ~ OF NIGERJA, agricultural development, food securit-y, power
(201_
1) generatJon and poverty reduction i

• Support for establishment and strengthening

of organizations and structures for X X X X X X X X
!
coordination and management of STI activities
within a virile national innovative system I

• Encouragement and promotion of the creation

of innovative enterprises that will utilize 1

Nigeria's indigenous .lmo~ledge and X X X X X 'X X X X X 1

i
technology to produce marketable goods and ,
services I

• Support of the mechanisms for local

technologies tor the production of globally X X X X X X X X X X X ' X X X X X X
competitive goods and senlices that use
Nigeria's raw materials intensively
• Facilitation and support for the creation and I

maintenance of up-to-date rel.iable and X X X X X X X

accessible database on Nigeria's STI
resources and activities
• Promotion of activities for effective STI '
communication and inculcation of the STI X X X X
culture in Nigerians !

I
I • Creation ,and sustenance o.f reliable I ' I
m,echan[sms for adequate funding o.f STJ I
I
I X X X X X
I
activities in Nigeria I I

• Innovation, support and strengthening of

' st rategic bilatera.l and multilateral cooperation X X X
in scientific, technological and innovation
activities across aJ.I sectors of the economy

!Page 1162
• APPENDIX 2: NIGERIA •s POST-1999 ACTS OF THE NA TIONAL ASSEMBLY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
TEMS THAT WOUL.D SUPPORT THEIR IMPLEMENTA TION
ACT OF THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL ASPECTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS THAT
YEAR
ASSEMBLY WOU LD SUPPORT THEM

1. Supplementa ry Appropriation Act

• Budget implementation
1999 1999
ACTS 2 . 2nd Supplementary Appropriation
• Budget implementation
Act 1st
1. National Minimum Wage
• Not applicable
(Amendm ent) Act 2000
2 . Appropriation Act 2000 • Budaet implementation
3 . Appropriation (Amendment) Act
• Budget implementation
2000
4 . 2nd 1999 Supplementa ry
• Budget implementation
Appropriation Act 2000
2000
5. Corrupt Practice and Other Related • ICT tech nologies and detection systems for fraud;
ACTS
Offences Act 2000 monitorina systems for surveillance; and computations
6. Niger Delta Development • Tech nologies and methodologies for programme
Commission (Establishment) Act implementation covering infrastructure development and
2000 contaminated site remediation
7. National Assembly Service
• Programme implementa tion
Commission Act 2000
8. 2001 Appropriation Act 2000 • Proaramme implementation
1. Police Service Commission
• Programme implementation
(Establishment) Act 2001
2. Supplementary Appropriation Act
• Programme implem entation
2001 2001
ACTS 3 . 2nd Supplementary Appropriation
• Budget implementation
Act 2001
• Programme implementation using computer security
4 . Electoral Act 2001
systems, surveillance systems, and advanced statistics
• Programme implementation using remote monitoring
1. Nationa l Examinations Council
technologies, personnel identification systems such as
(N ECO) (Establishment) Act 2002
bioaenics, and pattern recognition systems.
2 . The Appropriation Act 2002 • Budaet implementation

3. Supreme Court (Additional Original • Programme implem entation including case management
Jurisdiction) Act 2002 tech nica l systems, e.g. electronic filing methods

• Programme implem entation using computer security

4 . Electoral Act 2002
systems, surveillance systems, and advanced statistics

5. Economic and Financial Crimes

Commission (Establishment) Act
2002
2002
ACTS
6. Certain Political, Public and Judicial
Office Holders (Salaries and
Allowances, etc.) Act 2002
7. Federal Roads Maintenance Agency
(Establishment, etc.) Act 2002
• ICT technologies and detection systems for
electronic surveillance systems; and computing
• Adva nced accounting systems and statistics
----- ~·---- ---------
• Programme implem entation including development of new
durable materials and construction/ maintenance
methods; design methodologies and performance
prediction tools for development

8 . The Supplementary Appropriation

• Budget implementation
Act 2002

9. Money Laundering (Amendment)

• ICT technologies for money traffic monitoring
Act 2002

163
 ~

I
T 10. Bank and Other Finan cial • Large-scale data systems; cloud computing; and electronic
Institutions (Am endment) Act 2002 network design
• Programme imp lementa tion including tra ining on Nigeria n
11. Environmental Health officers hea lth and environmental hazards, risks analyses ai1d
I (Registration , etc.) Act 2002 I control systems; mon itoring techno logies and
epidem iological ana lys es
i

: 1 . Insu ra nce Act 2003 • Programm e imp lementation including risk ana lys es,
'
i infrastructure assessment, and hazards zonation
i

• Programme implementatio n including resea rch and

2. The Nigerian Security and Civi l
applica tions of pattern recognition, surveillance systems,
'
' Defence Corps Act 2003
hazards analys es, forensics and network analyses

3 . The El ectoral (Amendment) Act • Programme implementation in cluding computer security

2003 systems, surveillance systems and advan ced statistics

4. Appropriati on Act 2003 • Budget implementation

• Budget implementation including weather prediction,
5. Coastal and Inland Shipping radar and other geospatial monitoring systems, mapping
(Cabotage) Act 2003 including GIS, marine geophysics, mining and
environmental assessments
-~ ..

6 . The Corrupt Pract ices and Other •ICT technologies and detection systems for fraud;
Related Offices Act 2003 monitoring systems for surveillance; and computations
~-

7. Money laundering (Prohibit ion) Act

• ICT technologies for money traffic tra cking
2003

8 . Pet roleum Prod ucts Pricing

• Programme implementation including markets analyses,
Regulatory Agency (Establ ishment)
scenarios prediction, and competition/ logistics analyses
Act 2003
• Space-based geospatial monitoring; GIS hazard zonation
9 . Nigerian Met eorologica l Agency
systems; geohydrological analyses and monitoring probe
2003 (Establ ishment) Act 2003
design
ACTS
10 . The Nigeria n Maritime Labou r Act
• Programme implementation
2003

• Programme implementation using analytical systems,

11 . The Medical La boratory Science research and equipment in toxicology, biotechnology,
Council of Nigeria Act 2003 chemical sciences, clinical sciences and environmental
systems
• Programme implementation using analytical systems,
12 . The Nigeria n Institute of Science, research and equipment in toxicology, biotechnology,
Laboratory Tech nology Act 2003 chemical sciences, clinical sciences and environmen tal
systems

13. The Ports (Related Offences, etc.) • Programme implementation using behavioral sciences,
(Amendment ) Act 2003 computer-based monitoring and surveilla nce systems

14 . The Nigerian Institute of

• Programme implementation with strong applications of
management (Establishment) Act
information and computing technologies
2003
15. The High Court of the federal
• Programme impleme ntation using ICT in case filings and
Capital Territory Abuja (Number of
management
Judges) Act 2003
--
• Programme implementation involving training and
16 . Small and Medi um Scale Industries
promotion of industrial technologies; venture-capitalism in
Devel opment Agency
technologies ranging from ICT through agriculture to
(Establishment ) Act 2003 .
manufacturing; and support for data management
17. Education Tax Fund (Amendment)
• Programme management
Act 2003

Paget 164
 18. Debt management Offi ce
• Programme management
(Esta blishment, etc.) Act 2003
I
i
• Programme implementation through advances in
19. Nigerian Communications act 2003 telecommunication systems including telephony,
television and radio broa dcasting technologies
. '
• Progra mme implementation using coding and electronic
20. Custom and Excise Ma nagement
tracking technologies, and large data management
i (Amendment) Act 2003
systems
• Progra mme implementation through support for risk
21. The Nigerian Counci l of Registered
ana lyses, advanced statis tics and decision support
Insura nce Brokers Act 2003
systems
22. The Nigerian Account ing Standards
• Progra mme implementation
Board Act 2003
• Programme implementation using advanced surveillance
23 . Border Communities Devel opment
technologies, geospatia l ma pping and socio-economic
Agency (Establishm ent) Act, 2003
analysis
-
2 4 . Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition )
• Performance implemen ta tion using route surveillance
Law Enforcement Administrati on
technologies and methods
Act 2003
25 . National Institute of Marketing of • Progra mme implementa tion using ICT-based marketing
Nigeria Act 2003. systems
• Programme implemen tation including the use of
26. Child's rights Ae;t 2003
personnel tracking systems
27. Treaty to Establish the African Union
(Ratification and Enforcement) Act • Programme implementation
2003
- -
28. The Supplementary Appropriation
• Budget implementation
Act 2003
- - -
~

p
29. The Universities (Miscellanequs
• Programme implementa tion
provision) Amendment Act 2Q03
I
-- -----
1. Economic and Financial Crimes
• Program me implemen tation using surveillance and
Commission (Establishment) Act
electronic fraud detection systems
2004
2 . Pension Reform Act 2004 • Program me implementation
• Programme using electronic polling system design and
3 . Electoral Act (Amendment) Act 2004
operations, and fraud detection, electronic surveillance
4. Allocation of Revenue (Abolition of
• Programme implementation including use of natural
Dichotomy in the Application of the
resources accounting
Principle of Derivation) Act 2004
-
5. The Appropriation Act 2004 • Budget im plementation
6 . Compulsory, Free Universal Basic
• Programme implementa tion using ICT
2004 Education Act 2004
-
ACTS
7. Nationa l Gallery of Art (Amendment) • Programme implementation using ICT, art preservation
Act 2004 techniques, and surveillance/ anti-theft systems

8 . Appropriation Law 2004 • Budget implementation

-·
9 . The International Convention for The • Progra mme implementation using aeria l surveillance,
Safety of Life at Sea (Ratification marine hazard analysis, search-and-rescue systems, and
and Enforcement) Act, 2004 radar/ satellite technologies
10. Federal Capital Territory Statutory
• Budget imp lementation
Appropriation Act 2004.
11. United Nations Convention Against
• Programme implementation supported by research on
Transitional Organized Crime
socio-economic issues; psychological profiling systems;
(Ratification and Enforcement) Act,
and electronic eavesdropping
2004
...

•
Page [ 165
 --
Programme implementation benefitting from electricity
1. Electric Power Sector Reform Act , pricing analyses, demand and supply assessments, power
--
in 2005 sys tem componen ts design and manufacture an d sys tems
'
1y, analyses
i 2. Treaty to Establish African economic
~ • Programme implementation covering design of industrial
nic Comm unity Relating to the Pan-
systems and installations; market and migration analyses;
nt
African Pa rli ament (Access ion and
and design of innovation-enhancing systems
Ju risdiction) Act, 2005
p.....
13. Sma ll and Medium Scale Industries • Programme implementation to crea te products and
sk
)rt Development Agency (Amendment) services in key national industrial target sectors including
Act , 2005 agriculture, energy, manufacturing, and construction
to- 4 . Treaty on Mutua l Legal Assistance in
Cri minal Matters between the
r- • Programme implementation using surveillance and
Government of the Federal Republic
pe electronic cash movement tracking systems, forensics ,
of Nigeria and the government of the
ic and profiling methods
Republi c of South Africa (Ratification
!- and Enforcement) Act, 2005
r.e 5 . Extradition Treaty between th e
Government of th e Federal Republic
!- of Nigeria and the government of t he
g • Programme implementation
Federal Repu blic of South Africa
(Ratification and Enforcement) Act ,
!-
of 2005.
6 . Treaty between the Federal Republ ic
!- of Nigeria and the Democratic
Republic of Sao Tome and Princi ple
... on the Joint Development of
Petroleum and Other Resou rces in
• Programme implementation
Areas of the exclusive Economic
~
2005
Zone of t he two ._. .. ( Ratifi~ati on and
ACTS Enforcement) Act 20 0 5 .
7. Advance Fee Fra ud and Ot her • Programme implementation using cyber-based detection
.... offences (Amend ment) Act 2005 and surveillance systems
d 8. Federal Capita l Te rritory Statutory
• Budget implementation
Appropriation Act, 2005
!- 9 . Court of Appeal (Amendment) Act,
• Programme implementation
~ 2005
10. Un ited Nations Connect ion on
i- Carriage of Goods by Sea • Programme implementation using spatia-temporal (spa ce-
:~I (Ratifi cation and Enforcement) Act based) and aerial surveillance technologies
2005
-
~ 11. Treaty to Establish Rotterdam
!- Convention on the Prior Inform ed
Consent. Proced ure for certain • Programme implementation covering risk analyses,
Hazardous Chemicals and occupational and public exposure assessments, chemical
!-
Pesticides in International Trade and biological toxicology, and chemical characterization
r (Ratification and Enforcement) Act
2005.
!-
12. Infrastructure Concession
• Progra mme implementation aided by infrastructure
,~
., Regulatory Commission
assessments
(Establishment, etc.) Act 2005.
d
13. Appropriation Act 2005 • Budget implementation

r 14. Supplementary Appropriation Act,

2005
• Budget implementation

"'"
~
15. Trade Union (Amendment) Act,
• Programme implementation
2005
'
16. Monitoring of Revenue Allocation • Programme implementation using computer-based
to Local Government Act , 2005 accounting systems
"""
Page 1661:

17. National Lottery Act, 2005
'
18. Federa l High Court (Amendment)
' Act. 2005
19. West Africa n Gas Pipelines Proj ect
Act, 2005
20. Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition)
Law Enforcement and
!
Admini stration (Amendment) Act ,
2005.
1 . National Service (Part Amendment)
Act, 2006
2 . Appropriation Act, 2006
3. Nigerian Geological Survey Agency
(Establishment) Act, 2006
4. Electoral Act, 2006
5. National Industrial Court Act, 2006
6 . Border Communities Development
Agency (Amendment) Act, 2006
7. Federal Capital Territory Statutory
Appropriation Act, 2006
8. International Convention on the
Establishment of an International
Fund for Compensation for Oil
2006 Pollution Damage 1971 as amended
ACTS ' (Ratification and Enforcement) Act,
2006
9 . The National Boundary Commission
(Establishment) Act, 2006
10. The International Convention on
Civil Liability for Oil Pollution
Damage, (Ratification and
Enforcement) Act, 2006
11. Advance Fee Fraud and Other Fraud
Related Offences Act, 2006
12. National Oil Spill Detention and
Response Agency (Establishment)
Act, 2006
13. National Hajj Commission of Nigeria
(NAHCON) Establishment Act, 2006
14. Civil Aviation Act, 2006
1. Appropriation Act, 2007
2 . Federal capital Territory Customary
Court Act, 2007
2007
3. Electoral (Amendment) Act, 2007
ACTS
-· - - .
4 . Nigeria Mineral and Mining Act,
2007
Paget 167
-
.. Progra mme implementa tion us ing large-scale electronic
data management systems
' Progra mme implementa tion using computer-based case
management systems
'Progra mme implementa tion using natural resources
valuation methods, environmenta l impact assessments,
facilities construction, and aerial surveys
'Progra mme implementa tion using electronic tracking and
surveilla nce systems
• Progra mme implementation
• Budget implementation
• Progra mme implementation using advances in remote
sensing, geophysical surveys, geochemica l tes ting, GIS,
and zonation systems
• Program me implementation using ICT utilities
• Progra mme implemen tation use ICT case management
systems
·-·- "-"
• Program me implem entation requiring socio-economic
analyses, regional infrastructure design and population
studies
• Progra mme implemen tation
• Progra mme implementation requiring advances and
appreciation of natural resources valua tion
methodologies, resource allocation techn iques and
Geographic Info rmation Systems (GIS)
• Progra mme implementation supported by adva nces in
photogrammetry (a dvanced surveys) and GIS
• Programme implementation requiring advances and
appreciation of natural resources valuation
methodologies, resource allocation techniques and GIS
• Progra mme implementation
• Programme implementation requiring application of oil
detection sys tems, all spill clean-up technologies and
impact assessment methodologies
• Progra mme implementation
• Programme implementation requires the use of high-
technology electronic and space-based monitoring
systems, advances mechatronics, materials testing
systems
• Budget implementation
• Progra mme implementation using ICT-case management
and filing systems
-
• Programme implementation using ICT utilities
• Progra mme implementation with capabilities enabled by
geophysica l and geochemical prospecting, advanced
exca va tion technology, remote sensing ad mineral
processing,
5. Ekiti State Appropriation lm , 2007 • Budget implementation
6. International Convention for the
• Program implementation enabled by electronic tracking, i
prevention of Pollution from Ships, ;
aerial surveys, environmental monitoring technology
1983 and 1978 protocol Act, 2007
7. Charter Institute of Bankers of
• Programme implementation using ICT
Nigeria Act, 2007
8. Federal Inland Revenue Service
• Programme implementation using ICT
(Establ ishment) Act, 2007
9 . Federal Justice Officers
(Adm inistration of Pension) Act, • Programme implementation using ICT
2007
10. Companies Income Tax
• Programme implementation using ICT
(Amendment) Act, 2007
11. Value Added Ta x (Amendment) Act,
• Programme implementation using ICT
2007
• Programme implementation using advances in logistics,
12. Merchant Shi pping Act, 2007 operations research, satellite-based tracking and
communication technologies
• Programme implementation using advanced knowledge
13. Nigeria Institute of Animal Science
from veterinary science, agronomy, nutritional sciences
Act, 2007
and meat-packing technology
14. Supplementa ry Appropriation Act,
• Budget implementation
2007
15. Federal Capital Territory
• Budget implementation
Appropriation Act, 2007
• Programme implementation with capacities enabled by
16. Nigeria extractive Industries
geophysical and geochemical prospecting and processing,
Transparency Initiative (NElli ) Act,
advanced excavation technologies, and environmental
2007
control
17. Specia l Suppl ementary
• Budget implementation
Appropriation Act, 2007
•Programme implementation enabled by advances in
Nigeria-relevant structural design, materials strength and
18. Federal Road Maintenance Agency
durability testing, natural and waste materials utilization
(Amendment) Act, 2007
and technologies and structural materials performance
predictions
• Programme implementation enabled by advanced
19 . Nigeria Security and Civil Defence surveillance and monitoring technologies, hazards
Corps (Amendment) Act, 2007 analyses, encrypting technologies, and chemical sensing
systems
• Programme implementation enabled by advances in
20. The Statistical Act, 2007 computational methods, computer-based statistical
analyses, simulation and visualization systems
• Programme implementation using advanced financial
21. Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007
analysis methods and ICT
• Programme implementation enabled by advances in
Nigeria-relevant structural design, materials strength and
22. Federal Road Safety Commission
durability testing, natural and waste materials utilization
(Establish ment) Act, 200 7
and technologies and structural materials performance
predictions
23. Chartered Institutes of bankers of
• Programme implementation using ICT
Nigeria Act, 2007
24. Institute of Peace and Conflict
• Programme implementation using communication and off-
Resolution (Esta bl ishment) Act,
site conferencing systems
2007

25. Nigeria Christian Pilgrim

• Programme implementation
Com mission Act, 2007

Page 1168

i
26. Revised Edit ion (Laws of Federation
of Nigeria ) Act, 2007
27. Nationa l Identity Mana gement
Commission Act, 2007
'' : 28 . Nigeria Maritime Administ rat ion and
safety Agency Act , 2007
29 . Cha rtered Institute of Purchasing
and Supply ma nagement of Nigeria
(Establishment) Act , 2007
30. Counci l for th e Regu lation of Freight
Forwa rding in Nigeria Act, 2007
31. National Information Tech nology
Development Agency Act, 2007
32 . Public Procurement Act, 2007
33. National Agency for the Cont rol of
HIV and AIDS (Establishment) Act ,
2007
3 4 . Nationa l Automotive Council of
Nigeria (Amendment ) Act , 2007
35. Investm ent and Securities Act,
2007
- .
36 . The Nigeria National Pet roleum
Corporation (Amendment ) Act,
2007
3 7. Institute for Democratic and
Legislat ive Studies Act, 2007
38. Nationa l Environmental Standa rds
and Regu lations Enforcement
Age ncy (Establishment) Act, 2007
I
39. Chartered Institute of Professional
. Pri nters of Nigeria Act, 2007
40. Fiscal Responsibi lity Bill, 2007
41. The Nigerian Nationa l Petroleum
Corporation (Amendment) Act,
2007
1. Appropri ation (Am endment) Act,
2008
2 . Appropriation Act , 2008
I"
• Progra mme implementation using printing technologies
• Programme implemen tation using ICT
--
• Programme implementation using ICT
• Programme implemen tation using ICT
• Programme aided by logistics analyses, freight handling
techn ologies and advanced labelling systems
• Progra mme implementation aided by advances in ICT
including cloud computing, micro-electronics, space based
systems, telephony and advanced materials
• Programm e implementation aided by ICT
• Progra m imp lementation aided by advances in medical
diagn ostics, improved health advisory system, and patient
care
• Programm e implementation aided by local fabrication of
steel, fiber, glass, hardened plastics, mechatronics and
metrology
• Programme implementation aided by ICT
-
• Programme implem entation aided by advances in
exploration geophysics, drilling technology, petroleum
refining technologies and development of modular
refineries
---
• Progra mme implem entation aided by ICT
• Programme implementation a ided by remote sensing,
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), chemical detection
and monitoring systems, and exposure
• Programme implementation aided by local manufactured
assembly of printing1 paper and ink
• Programme a ided by ICT
• Programme imple mentation aided by advances in
exploration geophysics, drilling technology, petroleum
refin ing technologies and development of modular
refineries
• Budget implementa tion
---
• Budget implementa tion

2008 • Technologies and methodologies for programme

ACTS 3 . Niger Delta Appropriation Act, 2008 implementation covering infrastructure development and
contamina ted site remediation
4 . Certa in Pol itical and Judicial Office
Holders (Sa la ries and All owa nces, • Programme implem entation aided by ICT
etc.) (Amendment) Act, 2008
- 2009
1 . Appropri ati on Act, 2009 • Budget implementation
ACTS
-

•
Page 1169
 • APPE!NDJX 3 ,: NON-FMST UNITS AND AGENCIES OF NIGERM AND THEIR .APAROARIATE ROLES IN THE I MPLEMENTA T/ON OF THE NSTIR 2030
IKEY SOCJO-ECONOMIC SECTORS NSTI R 2030 ROLES
NON-FMST UNifS AIND AGBNOI'ES OF THIE , "'
ENV.,
S/N , IFEDERAt AND STATE GOVERNMENTS OF OIL
CIVIL . WATER '
TRAINING TECH .
SCIENCE
MONIT.
AGRIC. MANU. MINING ENERGY & ICT & POLICY . INFRAC. : R&D & & EVAL.
NIGERIA IN F. ! LIT.
GAS TALENT COMM. IMPROV.
· HEALTH

1'1. African Regional Center for Engineering Design

and Manufa ctu r in~ (ARCEDEM), lbadan X I
X X X X
Center for Basic Space and Technology
2. Ed ucation, (CBSTE), lie lfe X X X X X
, .
Center for Adaptation of Technology, (CAT), Akwa
3. X X X X -··-
X
Energy Tra ining Center (ETC) Nsukka X
.4. X '
.,
X ' ..
X
Center for Energy Research and Development '
5.
(CERDI ), lie lfe X X X X X
Cent re for Energy Research and Development
6.
(CERDZ), Zaria X X X X X X
7. Centre for Energy Research (CERS), Sokoto X X X X X X
Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics (CGG ),
8.
Bauchi X X X X X X X
Centre for Satellite Technology Development
9. (CSTD), Abuja X X X X X X X X X
10. Centre for Space Science, (CSS), Nsukka X X X X : X X X X X . '
Centre for Space Transport and Propulsion,
i 11.
(CSTP), Lagos I X X X X X
Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (GRIN ),
12.
lbadan X " X X X X
'
i
Engineering Materials Development Institute
13.
(EMDI ), Aku re X X X I X X X X
Federal Coll ege of Ch emical and Leather i
14.
Technology (CHELTEC), Zaria X X X X X X X X
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN ),
15.
' lbadan X X X X X
- ··---, .
National Horticulture Research Institute
16.
(N IHORT), lbadan X X X X X X
I
Hydraulic Equipm ent Development Centre
.1 7.
(HEDEC) X X X X X X
1'8. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Zaria
X X X X X X
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training
19.
(IART), lbadan X X X X X
Page '1170
 KIEY SOOIO-ECO'NOMIC SECTORS NSTIR 2030 ROLES
NON-FMST UNIrS .4/ND AG'ElNC,IES OF THE i .,
ENV.,
S/N FEDERAL AND STATE 1GOVERNMEINTS OF OIL TRAINING TECH. MONIT.
CIVIL WATER SCIENCE
AGRIC. MANU. MINING ENERGY & ICT POLICY INFRAC. R&D & & EVAL.
NIGERIA IN F. & LIT.
GAS TALENT COMM. IM PROV. .
HEALTH
La ke Chad Research Institute (LCRI ), Maiduguri X X X X X X
20. X I

National Agricultural Extension Research and '

21.
Lia ison Services (AERLS), Zaria X X X X X X
National An imal Production Research Institute
22.
(NAPRI), Zaria X X X X X X
- ---
National Centre fo r Genetic Resources and
23.
Biotechnol~ (NACGRAB), lbadan
X X X X X X
. ·-

24. National Centre for Remote Sensing (NCRS) X X X X X

National Metallurgical Development Centre
25.
(NMDCJ, Jos X X X X X X X
National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI),
26.
Badegi X X X X X X
. .. . ~

National Engineeri ng Design Development Centre

27.
(NEDDEC) X X X X X X X
. ~

National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries

28.
Research JN IFF~ New Bussa
X X X X X
... '
National Root Crops Research Institute (N RCRI ),
29.
Umidike X X X X X X
'
Nationa l Stored Products Research Institute
30.
(NSPRI ), llorin X X X X X
National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), '
I
31.
Vom X X X X X
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine
32.
Research (N IOMR), Victori a Isla nd, Lagos X X X X X
Ni gerian Institute for Oil Pa lm Research (N IFOR),
33.
Benin City X X X X X X
'
Nigerian Institute of Pharmaceutical Research
' 34.
and Development (NIPRD), Abuja X X I
X X X X
35 . : Nigerian Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), X X X X X
Yaba,Lagos
National Centre for Agri cu ltural Mechanization
3ft
1NCArYll, ll orin X X X X X X X
Regional Programme for Technology
37.
Management (REPTEM ) X X X X X X X X X
.. . .. ~

Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN ),

38. Benin Ci!t_ X X X X X X
Paae 1171.

~
 Page 1171
.
IN ON~FMST UNITS AND AGENCIES OF THE KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS NSTIR 2030 ROLES
ENV.,
S/N IFED'EIRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS OF , OIL
& ' CIVIL ICT WATER
TRAINING TECH.
SCIENCE
MONIT.
AGRIC. MANU. MINING ENERGY POLICY INFRAC. R&D & & EVAL.
NIGERIA ' INF. · & LIT.
GAS TALENT COMM . IMPROV.
' HEALTH
.,

Scientific Equipment Development Institute

,3 9.
(SEDIE}, Enugu X X X X X X X
..
Scientific Equipment Development Institut e
40.
(SEDIE), Minna X X X X X X X
.. ~ ...
National Mathematical Centre, (NMC), Abuja X X X X
41. X
Centre for Management Development (CMD },
42.
Maggodo, Lagos X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
... ·--- ...

.4 3. Arable Crops Research Institute (AC RI) X X X X X X

-- , ___
Agricultu ral and Rural Management Training
44.
Institute (ARMTI }, !Iorin X X X X X X X X X X
4 15.
International Institute fo r Tropical Agriculture
(IITA), lbadan X X X X X X .
46. Social Sciences Academy of Ni geria (SSAN) X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Nigerian Institut e of Social and Economic
47 .
Research (NISER }, lbada n X X X X X X X X X X X X
Nigerian Ed ucationa l Research Cou ncil (NERC),
48.
Yaba , Lagos X X X X X X X X X X X X
........ ,
International Livest ock Resea rch Institute (ILRI),
49.
Ibad an X X X X X X
Institute of Arc haeology and Museum Studies
50.
(lAMS) X X '

Institute of Ad vanced Medica l Research and

5.1.
Trai ning, lbadan i
' X X X X
52. Institute of Ocea nography, Cala bar X X X X
53. FCT Agency for Science and Technology, Abuja X X X X X X X X X X
Institute of Research and Innovation in Africa
54.
(I RIA) X X X X X
Natureworks Internationa l Researc h Instit ut e,
55.
Abuja X X X X X X
Niger Delta Science and Tec hnology Bio Ind ustria l '
5 6.
Park X X X X X X X X X X X X

Page 1172
• APPENDIX 4: RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL BODIES .AND ASSOCIATIONS IN NIGERIA AND THEIR APPROPRIATE ROLES IN THE IMPLEMENTA TION OF THE
/NSTIR .2 03 0
'KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS NSTIR 2030 ROLES
PROFESSIONAL BODJES AND ENV., !
MONIT. .
S/N OIL
CIVIL WATER
TRAINING TECH.
SCIENCE
ASSOCIATIO.NS JN NIGERIA AGRIC. MANU. MINING ENERGY &
IN F.
ICT •
&
POLICY INFRAC. R& D & &
LIT.
EVAL. !
GAS TALENT COMM . IMPROV.
HEALTH

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

1.
htto:/ /www.ican-n~r.or~ X X X
. Nigeria :Institute of Estate Surveyors &
2.
. Valuers htto:/ /www.niesv.ore: '
'
X X ..
Association of General & Private Medical
:3. Practitioners of Nigeria X X X X
htto:/ /www.a~mon.or!! ..
Centre tor law & Development
4.
htto:/Jwww .clds.ore: X X X X X X X X X X
·-··
Chartered Insurance Institute of Nigeria
§.
htto://www.ciinie:eria.com X X X X X X X X . X I
X X
: Medical & Dental Consultants Association of '
16 .
Ni.geria htto:/ /www.mdcan-m?.:.ore:
I

X X X
Nigeria Institute of Quantity Surveyors
7.
htto:/ /www.nia s.o r~ X 1
X
Nigerian Institute of Soc:ial and Economic
8.
Research htto:/ /www.niser.on! X X X X X X X X X ' X X X
Nigerian Institute of Town Planners
9.
. http://www.nito-ne:.on! X X X X ' X X
' Nigerian Medical Association
10 .
htto://www.ni~erianma.or!! X X
. Nigerian Soc,iety of Engineers
X ' X X X X X X X X X
!
11.
htto:/ /www. nse.ore:. ne: X X X X X
Science Teachers Association of Nigeria
12.
htto://www.stan .ore:.nl! X X X X X. X X X
! i
X X
Strategic Management Centre
13.
htto:/ /www.sm!!ni!!eria.or£ X X X X X X X X X X
..
X
Manufacturers Association of Nigeria
14.
htto://www.manufacturersnie:eria.com X X X X X X X X X I X X X

Paae I 1.73
 ~~
J
-
K EY SOCID-ECONOMIC SECTORS NSTIR 2030 ROLES
~ROFESSIONAL BODIES AND ENV.,
S/ N OIL
CIVIL WATER
TRAINING TECH.
SCIENCE .
MONIT. '
ASSOCIATIONS JN NIGERIA AGRIC. MANU. MINING i ENERGY &
INF. ,
ICT 1
&
POLICY INFRAC. R&D & &
LIT. ;
EVAL.
GAS TALENT COMM. IMPROV.
I HEALTH
The Nigerian Institute of Safety
15.
Professionals htto://www .nisoni~teria .com / X X X
Pharmacist Council of Nigeria
1:6.
· htto:/ /www . oc nn~t. o r~t I X X
Nigeria Computer Society
17.
htto:/ / www.ncs.or!!.nlU X X X X X X
The Institute of Certified Geographers of
18. i
: Ni.fl!e ria htto:/ /www. i c~tni!!.or~t
'
X X X X X X
-
Pipeline Professionals' Association of
1:9. Nigeria (PlAN) httQ:L,LQian- X X X X X X
n~t.com /in dex. o h o
Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria
. -~ ~

.
2 0.
httn:/ /www.os- n i ~te ri a . on!l '
X X X X
CouociJ for the Regulation of Engineering in
.21. Nigeria (COREN) X X X X X X X X X X X X
htto:/ /www.corenM.or!Uindex.html
Nigerian Institute of Architects
22.
httn:/ /www . n iarchitects.or~t/ X X:X X X X X
23.
Nigerian Institute
htto:/ /www.niobuildiM.or!U
of Building
x. '
X X X X
Nigeria Computer Society I

24. '
htto:/ /www .n cs . or~t.M/aboutus. html X I
X X X X X
I

Information Technology Association of '

25. I .Nigeria
X X X X X X
• htto:/ / www. ita n.or!!.n!Uaboutus.htm
Jnstitute of lndustr,ial Security & Safety of
26.
· Nigeria httn:/ /i issn.or!Uabout us.html X X X X I

•i
~ ~

!
Nigerian Institute of Safety Professionals
27.
(NISP) htto:/ /www.n i soni~eria . com/ X I X X X
' ---
Society of Construction Industry Arbitrators i

'28. of Nigeria X X X X X X
htto:/ / www.sciarb.com/ index.html

Page 1174
• APPENDIX 5: LIST OF ACCREDITED UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA WITH CONTACT & WEBSITES
Fe
l ist of Federal Universities in Nigeria E-
This list com prises of all th e Federal Universiti es in Nigeria including Federal Universit ies of Agricu lture and Federal Te
Unive rsit ies of Tec hn ology. W
.b1
Ah madu Bell o university, Zaria. ABU University of Nigeria Nsukka. UNN WV
Tel: 069-550811 Tel: 042-771911,771920,7 11939,77 941,771951
Website: www.abu .edu.ng Fe
Website: www.unn.edu .ng W
University of Abuj a, Fe
University of Uyo. UNIUYO
M
Maili ng Add ress: P. M.B. 117, Gwagwa lada , F.C.T Abuja . Maili ng Address: P.M.B. 1017 , Uyo , Akwa-lbom State. E-
Tel : 09-8821380 Website: www.uniuyo.edu .ng W
Website: www.unibuja.edu.ng
Federal University of Agriculture, Ma kurd i Fe
Baya ro Universi ty Tel: 044-533204-5
W
Ma iling Address: P.M .B 3011,Ka no Website: www.uam.edu.ng
Tel: 064-66602 1-3 University of Agricult ure. UNAAB
F
'W ebsite: www.ka noonline.com / buk Mail in g Ad dress: P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta.
E-
Tel : 039-200170-77
WE
University of Benin. UNIBEN Website : www.unaab.ed u.ng
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B 1154,Benin City
Fe
Website: www.uniben.edu Michael Okpara Un iversity of Agricult ure, Umudike,
Mail ing Add ress: P.M .B 72 67, Umuahia, Abia State.
w
University of Ca labar. UNICAL Tel : 052-440555
Li!
Mailing Add ress: P.M .B 1115,Calaba r Website: www.mouau.edu. ng Th
Tel: 087-232695
in•
Website: www.unical.edu.ng, www.unicaledu.com Abu ba kar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 0 248, Bauchi .
Ac
University of lbadan, lbadan. Ul Tel : 077-543500-1
Tel: 400550-614 M
Website: www.atbu.edu. ng w,
Website: www.u i.edu .ng, www.dl c.ui.edu.ng
University of llorin. UNILORIN Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun. Ar
Mailing Address: P.M.B .1515 llori n FUPR E
Tel: 031-221691,031-221551-3 M
Mailing Address: P. M.B.1221, Effurun, Delta State.
Website: www.unilorin.edu.ng
TE
E-mai l: fupreifo@gmail.com
Website: www.fupre.edu. ng
w
University of Jos. UNIJOS
At
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State Fed era l University of Tech nol ogy, Akure. FUTA
Tel : 073-610936 M
Ma iling Address: P.M.B 1526, Ondo State.
Website: www.un ijos.edu.ng Tel: 034-24 3490-4
w
Website: www.futa.edu. ng Ac
University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State. UNILAG
Tel: 01-820310-20 M
Federal University of Technology, Owerri. FUTO
Website : www.unila g.edu.ng Mailing Address: P. M. B. 1526, Owerri.
w
Tel : 083-230974,233456
A
University of Maiduguri . UN IMAID Website: www.futo.edu.ng
Mailing Address: P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, M
Tel : 076-231730,232949 Federal University of Techn ology, Minna
w
Website: www.unimaid.edu.ng, www.unimaid.org Mailing Address: P.M.B 65, Minna .
Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osu State. OAU B1
Tel : 0 66-22239 7,222887
M
Website: www.oauife.edu.ng Website: www.futminna.edu. ng Dj
University of Port-Harcourt. UNIPORT
Federal University of Tech nology, Yola
w
Mailing Address: P.M.B 5323, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State
Ma iling Address: P. M.B 206, Yola, Adamawa State
Tel : 084-230890-9 Bl
Tel : 075-25332, 24532
Website: www.uniport.edu.ng M
Website: www.mautech.edu.ng
TE
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, w
Mailing Address: P.M .B. 2346, Sokoto. Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State. FUD
Te! : 060234039 Mailing Address: P.M.B 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State.
Website: www.udusok.edu.ng Tel : 08076591349 or 080765904 76
Website: www.fud.edu .ng
Nnamdi Azi kiwe University. UNIZIK
Mailing Address: P.M.B 5025, Awka , Anambra State. Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State. FU DUTSNMA
Tel: 046-55082 E-ma il: support@fudutsi nma.edu .ng
Website: www.un izik.edu.ng Tel: 08 177451899, 08025350544, 08106876614
Website: www.fudutsin ma .edu .ng
Page 1115
 Tel: 054-66009.
Federal Un iversity, Kashere, Gombe State . FUK Website: www .deltastate.edu.ng, www.deltastate.edu,
E-m ail: fukgombe@yahoo.com www.delsuonline.com
al Tel: +2348036293642
Website: Ebonyi State University. EBSU
Mailing Address: P.M .B.53. Aba kaliki , Ebonyi State.
http://federaluniversitvkasheregombe.gnbo.com.ng,
Tel: 043-221337 , 043-22 1093.
www.fukashere.edu .ng
Website : www.ebsu-edu.net
Federal Uni versity, Lokoja, Kogi State. FUL Gombe State University. GSU
Website: www.fulokoja.edu.ng Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 27 , Tudun Wada, Gom be, Gombe
Federal Un iversity, Ndufu-Aiike, Ebonyi State. FUNAI State.
Mailing Address: Abakaliki , Ebonyi P.M .B 1010 Tel: 072-22091
E-mail: info@funai.edu.ng Fax: 0 72-221097
Website: www.funai.edu.ng E-mail: vcgsu@yahoo.com
Website: www.gomsu .org
Federa l University, Otuoke, Bayelsa. FUOTUOKE
Website: www.fuotuoke.edu.ng Evan Enwerem University,
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 2000, Owerri , lmo State.
Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State. FUOYE Website: www.imsu.edu .ng, www.imsuonline.com
E-mail: info@fuoye.edu.ng
Website: www.fuoye.edu .ng Kaduna State University. KASU
Mailing Address: Tafawa Balewa Wa y, P.M.B. Kaduna
Federal University, Wu kari , Taraba State. FUWU KARI State.
Website: www.fuwukari.edu.ng Website: www.kasuportal.net

List of State Universities In Nigeria Kogi State University. KSU

Th is list comprises of all the State Un iversities in Nigeria
including State Universit ies of Tech nology.
Adekunle Ajasin University. AAUA
Mailing Address: P.M.B 01, Akungba-Akoko, Ond o State
Website: www.adekunleajasinuniversitv.edu.ng
Am bros Alii University. AAU
Mailing Address: P.M .B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State.
Tel: 055-98448
Website: www.aauekpoma.edu .ng, www.myaau.com
Abia State University, Uturu. ABSU
Ma iling Address: P. M.B. 2000 Okigwe, Abia State.
Websit e: www.absuu.net
Adamawa State University State, Mubi. ADSU
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 25, Mubi , Adamawa State.
Website: www.adsu.edu.ng, www.adamawastateuni.com
Akwa lbom State University, lkot-Akpaden. AKSU
Mailing Address: Mkpat En in L.G.A Akwa lbom State
Website: www.aksu.edu.ng
Bukar Abba Ibrah im University. BAI
Mailing Address: Sir Kashim Ibrah im Road , P.M. B. 1144,
Da maturu, Yobe State
Website : www.baiu .edu.ng
Benu e State University. BSU
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 102119, Ma ku rdi , Benue State
Tel: 044-533811, 531162, 532550
Website: www.bsum.edu .ng
Cross Rivers University of Technology. CRUTECH
Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 1123, Calaba r, Cross River State.
Tel: 087-232303
Website: www.crutech-nig.net
Delta State University. DELSU
Mai ling Address: P.M.B 1 Abra ka, Delta State
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba Kogi State.
Tel: 009-87-762538-275,08035959687
Website: www.myksuportal.com
Umaru Musa Yaradua University. UMYUK
Mailing Address: P.M .B.2218, Katsina.
E-mail: info@umyu.edu.ng
Website: www.umyu.edu.ng
Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. KUST
Mailing Address: cj o Kano State Coli. of Art, Science and
Remedial Studies, P.M.B 3244, Kano.
Tel : 064-241175,241149,648029,241175
Website: www.kustportal.edu.ng
Kwara State University, Malete, llorin, Kwara State.
KWASU
Website: www.kwasu .ed u.ng
Lagos State Uni versity, Ojo. LASUMa iling Address: P.M.B.
1087, Apapa , Lagos.
Tel : 01-884043,884048
Website: www.lasunigeria.org
Ibrahim Bada masi Babangida University, Lapai , Niger
State. LAPAI
Tel: 066-220646, 08036650914
Website: www.ibbuniversitv.com, www.ibbu.edu.ng
Nasarawa State University, Keffi ,
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State.
Website: www.nsuk.edu.ng www.nsukonline.net
Niger Delta University. NDU
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 071, Wilberfo rce Island, Bayelsa
State
Tel: 089-490484, 089-490899, 490900
Website: www.ndu.edu.ng
Olabisi Onabanjo University. OOU
Mailing Address : P.M.B. 2002, Ago-lwoye, Ogun State.
Website: www.oouagoiwoye.edu .ng, www.oou-ng.com

Page 1176
 Webs ite: www.achievers.edu.n g Ma
Tai Solarin University of Education , ljagun. TASU ED 20~
Mai li ng Ad dress: P.M.B. 2118, ljebu -Ode, Ogun State. AI- Hikmah University, Adeta Road, Ad ewole Housing Tel:
'Tel: 0 3 7-43 2 77 0 , 431547 , 43 1994 Estate. E-m
Website: www.tasuedu.org Mailin g Address: P.O.BOX 3340, IIori. Kwara State We
Websit e: www.alhikmah .edu.ng
The Un iversity of Education , lke re-Ekiti . T~ EDIK Cov
[Mail ing Add ress: P.M .B 250 lkere-Ekiti , Ekiti State. American University of Nigeri a, La mido Zubairu Way ,Vola , Ma
Tel: 030- 600020 ,61015 2 By-Pass, OgL
Website : Nil Mail ing Address : P.M.B. 2250, Yola, Adamawa State Tel:
Website: www.americanuniversitynigeria.org, E-rr
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti . EKSU www.aun.edu.ng We
Ma iling Ad dress: P.M.B 5 3 63 , Ado- Ekiti , Ekiti State .
ITel: 030-25037 0 , 250711,250026 Ajayi Crowther University, Fou
Website: www.eksu.edu.ng Mailing Add ress: P.M. B. 10066, Oyo, Oyo State Ma
Website: www.acu.edu.ng Tel:
Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State E-rr
Tel : 035203095 , 0 305203097 Babcock Un iversity, llishan-Remo, We
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 2 1244, lkej a.
Websit e: www.u niosun.org Goc
Tel: 03 7- 432 799, 630148/ 9
University Name: Anambra State Un iversity, Uli E-mail: babcock@infoweb.abs.net Ma
Mailing Add ress: P. M.B. 02 , Uli, Anambra State. Website: www.babcockuni.edu .n g Nig
Website: www.ansu-edu.net, www.ansu.edu.ng Tel:
Bells University of Technology, We
Taraba State University, Jalingo TSUJ Maili ng Ad dress: KM 8, ldiroko Road, P.M.B. 10 15, Ota,
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 116, Jalingo, Taraba State Ogun State. lgb
Nigeria . Tel: 0 179492 16 IMa
Website: www.tsujalingo.com Website: www.bellsuniversity.org City
Tel :
Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Bingham University, We
ESUTECH Mailing Address: P.M.B. 005 Ka ru, Nasa rawa Stat e,
Mailing Address : P.M.B 1660, Enugu, Enugu State. Tel: 09- 6 7207 8 5, 08055024585. Jos•
Tel : 042-451319, 451253, 451244, 451264 E-ma il : binghamumversity@yahoo.com We
Website: www.esut.edu .ng, www.esutportal.net Website: www.binghamu ni.edu .ng Kat
Ma
Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliro, Benson lda hosa University, Sta
Kebbi State. KSUSTA Mailing Ad dress: P.M.B. 1 100 Ben in City, Edo State . Tel:
Website: www.ksusta .edu.ng Tel : 052-253764 We
Websit e: www.biu.edu.ng
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, LAUTECH Lea
Mailing Address: P.M .B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Bowen University, Ma
Tel : 038-710340, 710776. Mailing Address: P.M.B. 284 lwo, Osun State Sec
E-mail: tsuja@gamail.com Ema il: info@bowenuniversity ed uc.org Tel:
Website : www.lautech.edu.ng Website: www.bowenun iversity edu .org E-rr
Caleb University Wei
Rivers State University of Science and Technology,
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 5080 , Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. Maili ng Address: KM 15, lkorodu- ltokin Road , lmota , Ma•
Tel: 084-338508, 335823. P.MP.B. 21238, lkeja, Lagos State. Mai
Website: www.ust.edu.ng Tel : 0 1-8517711,01- 764712 Tel:
Ema il : info@calebuniversity.edu .ng Wei
Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Website: www.calebuni versity.edu .ng WWI
Okitipupo, Ondo State. OSUSTECH
Website: www.osustech .edu.ng Caritas University, Uni•
University of Science and Technology, lfaki-Ekiti , Ekiti Mailing Address: P.M. B. 01784, Enugu , Amorj i-N ike, Mai
State. USTI Enugu St at e. Tel:
Website : www.usti.edu.ng Tel : 042-5 5554 6, 0803470312 E-m
Website: www.caritasuni.edu.n g Wei
List of Private Universities In Nigeria
Crawford University of Apostol ic Fa it h Mission Fa ith City, N o~
This list comprises of all the Private Universities in Nigeria.
Maili ng Ad dress: KM 8 , Atan- Agbara Road , P.M.B. 2001, Mai
lgbesa , Ogun State. Tel:
Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. ABUAD
Tel : 234-18134785, 8 502828, 08(
Mailing Address: KM 85 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti
80865296600,08056098953, 0805608902 10L
State Nigeria, P.M.B.5454,
E-mail: info@crawford university.edu.ng Wei
Tel: +234-80-35684692 , +234-80-33509150, +234-80-
54300473 Website: www.crawforduniversity.edu.ng
Nig!
Website : www.a buad.edu.ng
Crescent Un iversity, Mai
& In
Achievers University Owo, Ondo State. ACHIVERS
Tel :
Page 1 117
1
 Mail in g Address: KM 5 Ayetoro Road , Lafenwa , P.M. B. Website: www.ntnu.edu.ng
2082 , Abeokuta , Ogun State.
Sing Tel: 08030644731. Obong University, Obong, Ntak
E-mail: crescentuniv@hotmail.com Mailing Address: P.O. BOX 25 , Abak, Akwa lbom State
Website: www.crescentniv.com Tel: 080289 15795
Website: www.obonguniversitv.net
Covenant University, Canaan Land
ola , Mailing Address: KM 10 , ldi roko Road, P.M.B. 1023 Ota , Oduduwa Unive rsity, lpet umodu
Ogun State Mailing Add ress: P.M.B. 5533 lie lfe, Osun State
Tel: 0 1/ 794 7546-8 , 7900724 We bsite: www.oduduwaun iversitv.com
E-mai l: registrar@covenantuniversitv.org
Paul University, Awka
Website: www.covenantuniversity.edu .ng
Mailing Address: P. M.B. 167 4 , Awka, Anambra State
Fountai n University, Oke-Osun , Website: www.pauluniversity.edu .ng
Mailin g Address: P.M.B 4491, Osogbo.
Tel: 080349286 14, 035- 20 7 4335 Rhema University
Ma iling Address: Obeama Asa, Oyigbo L.G .A, River State
E-mail: enquiries@fountainuniversitv.org
Tel: 0 70 28544752, 0828652 76
Website: www.fountainuniversity.ed u.ng
Website: www.rhemauniversityng.com,
Godfrey Okoye Un iversity, Urgwuomu- Nike www.rhemauniversitvng.com
Mailing Address: P.M.B. 01014 ThlnkefS' Comer, Enugu.,
Nigeri a Redeemers Un iversity
Tel: 0 48-482891 Mailing Address: KM 46, Lagosj lbada n Express Way,
Website: www.og-uni-enugu.net Redemption City, P.O.BOX 7914, lkeja- Lagos
Ota , Tel : 01- 8502921, 08023978672
lgbinedion University, Okada, Website: www.run.edu.ng
Mailing Add ress: 69, Ai rport Roa d, P.M.B. 000 6 , Benin
City, Edo State Renaissance Uni ve rsity, Ojia gu-Agban i, Enugu State
Tel: 052-254942 Mailing Address: P.M.B. 10 19 , En ugu
Tel: 08036023 768
Website: www.iuokada.edu.ng
Website: www.rnu.edu .ng
Joseph Ayo Baba lola University, lkeji-Arakej i, Osun State
Salem Un iversity
Website: www.jabu .edu.ng
Mailing Address: KM 16, Lokoja-Aja kuta Road , P.M.B.
Katsina University, 1060. Lokoja , Kogi State
Mailing Address: Dutsin ma Road , P.M.B 2 13 7, Katsina Tel : 08072881598, 07033480414, 08081242631
State. Email: info@saleuniversity.org
Tel: 065-434785 Website: www.saleuniversity.org.
Website: www.katsinauniversityportal.net www.salemuniversity.edu.ng
Lead City University, Tansain University,
Mailing Address: Oba Otudeko Avenue, P.O.BOX 30678, Mailing Address: P.O. BOX37 5, Oba , Ana mbra State
Secretariat, Tol l Gate Area, lbad an Tel : 0806974789, 08052222875, 046-302390
Tel: 0 2-7510681 Website: www.tansian.edu .ng
E-ma il: registrar@llcu.edu.ng
Wellspring University,
Website : www.lcu.edu.ng
Mailin g Add ress: lrhih ijOgbaneki Layout , G R A Benin City,
ota, Madonna University Edo State
Mailing Address: P.M. B 407, Okija , Anambra State Tel: 07042683282, 08191189031
Tel: 04 6-463724 Website : www.springuniversity.net
Website: www.madonnauniversity.edu .ng,
Western Delta University, Ogha ra, Delta State
www.madonna.edu, www.madonnau .edu.ng
E-mail: westerndeltauni@yahoo.com
University of Mkar Website: www.wduniversity.net
ike, Mail ing Address: P.M.B. 017 Gboko, Benue State
Tel : 044-4 70631 Wesley University of Science and Technol ogy. Ondo
Mailing Address: P.M .B 507, Ondo-lfe Road , Ondo
E-mail: mkaruni@yahoo.com
Tel: 034-204395
Website: www.unimkar.edu.ng
Email: wustondo vc@mai2methodist..com,
y, Novena University Ogume Wutondo vc@yahoo.com
t0 1 , Mailing Address: P.M.B. 2 Kwale, Delta State Website : www.wusto.com. www.wustoportal.edu.ng
Tel : 08033302376 ,08037167418, 08066568533,
:28, 080624111131, 08082852293,01-49 73603, Wukari Ju bil ee University, Wukari,
1049777 17 Mailing Address: P.M.B. 1019, Wukari , Taraba State.
Website: www.novenauniversity.edu .ng Tel: 08036023768.
Website : www.wukarijubileeuniversity.org
Nigeria Turkish Nile University
Mailing Address: Plot 681 Cadastral Zone Coo, Research Veritas University, Abuja
& Institution Area Airport Road Bypass, Abuja Website: www.veritas.edu .ng
Tel: 08138616589
Page 1178
• APPENDIX 6: FUNDING AGENCIES FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS IN AFRICA
ORGAN ISATION NAME/PROGRAM
FOCUS
AND WEBSITE INFORMATION
• The Addax and Oryx Foundation funds projects focused on
environment, health, education , community development in Africa
ADDAX AND ORYX FOU NDATION and the Middle East
1.
http:jj www.addax-oryx-
foundati on .org/ en/ submit-a-
• Topic: Ecology; Agriculture; Awareness raising; Biodiversity;
Climate change; Drought; Food security; Forests; Gender;
projectj selection-criteria .ph p Land degradation and restoration ; Land mana gement;
Poverty reduction/Development; Soil science; Water
management
• The AfDB contributes to poverty reduction and economic and social
development in the least developed African countries by providing
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK concessional fun ding for projects and programs, as well as tech nical
2.
http:jj www.afdb.org/enj assistance for studies and capac ity-building activities. The Fu nd has
cum ulatively invested UA 29.4 billion (USD 45 billion ) over its 40
yea rs of operat ionalization on the African continent.
• A significant percentage of our grants originate in Al coa commun ities .
Four distinct Areas of Excellence provide themat ic focus to the global
ALCOA FOU NDATION
allocation of our philanthropic resources. The majority of our grants
http:/ j www .alcoa.com; globa If en/ co
3. fit within one of the following areas: Conservation and Sust ainability,
mmunityj foundationj info_pagejho
me.asp Safe and Healthy Ch ildren and Fam ilies, Global Education and
Workplace Skills, and Business and Community Partnerships.

CAR NEGIE CORPORATION OF

AMERICA
• Provides grants for international development and education wit hin
th e U.S. and in countries of the former British Commonwealth.
4.
https:j j www .ca rnegie.org/grants/ gr International Development Program (lOP) focuses on Commonwealth
antseekers/ Africa with init iatives to strengt hen African universities.
-.

• The Carnegie Corporation of New York was created t o promote "the

advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding." Under
I'

CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW

Carnegie's will , grants must benefit the people of the United States,
5. YOR K
www.carn egi e.org although up to 7.4 percent of the f unds may be used for the sa me
purpose in cou ntries that are or have been members of the British
Commonwealth, with a current emphasis on Commonwealth Africa.

CITIGROUP FOUN DATION

• Working with a globa l network of colleagues and partners, the
Foundat ion gives grants focused in three main areas: Financial
6.
http:jj www.citigroup.com/ citij Educati on, Educating t he Next Generation , Building Communities
and Entrepreneurs.
·· -

FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER, • The Foga rty International Center is dedicated to advancing the
mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH ) by supporting and
I
I

US NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
fa cilitating global health research conducted by u.s. and
7. HEALTH (NIH )
internationa l investigators, bui lding partnerships between health
https:j j www.fic.nih.govj Funding/Pa
gesj default.aspx research institutions in the U.S. and abroad, and trai ni ng the next
generation of scientists to address global health needs.
··-

8.
FORD FOU NDATION
http:jj www.fordfoundation.org/wor
• The Ford Foundation awards grants in support of their mission to
strengthen democratic values , reduce poverty and injusti ce, promote
k/ ou r-grants/ international cooperation and advance human achievement.
-

FORD FOUNDATION
• Grants and PRis are given in the Foundation's fields of interest
through a program division encompassing three broad areas: Asset I
9.
www.fordfound.org Bu ilding and Community Development; Ed ucation, Media, Arts, and
Cultu re; and Peace and Social Justice.
GATES (BILL AND MELINDA)
10. FOU NDATION • Provides fundi ng for projects in the areas of globa l health , poverty
and development, and education and information.
http:/ j www .gatesfou ndation .org/
• As the ph ila nth ropic orga nization of GE, GE Foundation works to solve
some of the world's most difficu lt problems. In coordination with its
GE FOUNDATION
partners, it supports u.s. and international education, the
11. http:/ jwww.ge.comj foun dation/ind
environment, public policy, human rights and disaster relief. In
ex.jsp
addition, GE Foundation supports GE em ployee and retiree giving and
involvement in GE cQmmunities around the world.
-

Page 1119
 Germa ny is currently in volved in development coope rati on activities
in fi ve regions round the globe, cove ring 58 partner cou ntries . Oth er
individua l co untries also receive assistance as part of regional
. GERMAN FEDERAL MINISTRY FOR programmes or programmes deal ing with specific sectors, such as
· ECONOM IC COOPERATION AND fighti ng HIV/ AIDS, climate and forest protection, and crisis
12
· DEVELOPMENT(BMZ) prevent ion. Cooperation between the Federal Republic of Germany
https:; j www.bmz.dej en; an d its pa rtner count ries is based on bilat era l agreements that are
y;
bind ing under internationa l law. These agreements are negotiated in
er;
close talks between the partner count r~es ' governments
nt;
approximately every t wo years .
er
GOLDMAN SACHS FOU NDATION • The Goldman Sachs Foundation was fund ed in 1999 with a $200
million donat ion from The Gold man Sachs Group, Inc. The
13. http:jj www2 .goldmansachs.comj fo
undation; Foundation's mission is to promote exce llence and innovati on in
education worldwide.
as • The programme supports proj ects that serve in ma intaining natural
lO GRANTS FOR LARGE-SCALE landscapes for the longer term and in securi ng and developing
CONSERVATION PROJECTS cultural landscapes that provide outstanding habitats for protected
14
· http:/ j www. bfn.de/ 0203_grossproj animal and plant species.
es. ekte+M52087573ab0.html
oal • Topic: Biodiversity; La nd degradati on and restoration;
Forests; Water management; Ecology
1t S -·
ty, • Program Areas: Education , research . Africa Countries Funded Africa-
hd Wide. The H. F. Guggenheim Foundation supports research in the
DS. natural and social sciences and humanities that promise to promote
the understanding of the causes , manifestations, and control of
H.F. GUGGENHEIM FOU NDATION
violence, aggression and dom inance. The Foundation places a
15. www.hfg.org
priority on the study of urgent problems of vi olence and aggression in
the modern world . Support has been given to study the aspects of
violence related to youth , family relationshi ps, intergroup conflict
related to religion , ethnicity, and nationalism , and political violence
deployed in war and sub-state terrorism.
HIDEYO NOGUCHI AFRICA PRIZE • Honours individuals with outstanding achievements in the fields of
16. http:jj www.jsps.go.jpjenglishje- medical research and medical services to combat infections and ·
noguchiafricaj nomination.ht ml other diseases in Africa.
-
• Program Areas: Research Science/Technology, Economic
Development, Environment and Natural Resources Management,
Strengthening Institutions. Africa Countries Funded Africa -wide. The
International Development Research Centre was created by the
INTER NATIO NAL DEVELOPM ENT
Parl iament of Canada to help developing countries in Africa and
RESEARCH CENTRE
17 elsewhere use science and technology to find long-term practical
· www.idrc.ca
solutions to social , economic and environmental problems. The
Centre's gr-ant-making is for applied research by researchers on
problems they identify as crucial to their communities. The Centre
also provides expert advice to researchers and builds local capacity
t o undertake research and innovation.
-- -- - -

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• Dedicated to funding research activities that are aimed at directly
18. RESEARCH CENTRE (IDRC)
https:/ j www.idrc.caj enj fun ding benefiting developing countries and their citizens.

• Program Areas: Education, envi ronment, and research/science.

Africa Countries Funded Africa-wide. The International Foundation for
Science (IFS), founded in 1972, is a research council with
INTER NATIO NAL FOUNDATIO N FOR
international operations that helps build scientifi c capacity in Africa
SCIENCE
19 and elsewhere, related to the sustainable management of biological
· www.ifs.se
and water resources. Grant support is provided for a research scope
that covers natural and social sciences research on agriculture, soils,
animal production , food science, forestry, agro-forestry, aquatic
resources, natural products and water resources.
• The Japan Foundation invites individuals and organizations that are
planning international exchange projects and activities to participate
JAPAN FOUNDATION
20 in programs of the Japan Foundation. The Japan Foundation carries
· www.jpf.go.j p
out its programs and activities in the three major areas of Art and
Cultural Exchange, Japanese-Language Education Overseas,

Page 1180
 Japanese Studies Overseas and Intellectual Exchange , as well as
strength ening th e Cultu ral Exc han ge in Asia. Su ccessful applicants
are provided wit h grants, research scholarships, Japanese-language
training programs, and other form s of support. 2~

• Effectively combining th e schemes of technical cooperati on, ODA

loans and grant aid, JICA will support Nigeria on : 1) realizing human
security and achieving the MDGs, and 2) providing basic
infrast ructure for sustainable econom ic growth that is balanced.
JAPANESE INTER NATIO NAL
Nigeria, A major power and th e third ranki ng in GDP, Nigeria is horne
I COOPERATION AGENCY
21 to the largest population on the African continent (160 million
· https:jj www .jica .go.j pj nigeria/ engli
shj index.htrn l people) and holds pl enty of natural resources: oi l and natural gas.
Nigeria is also the largest country of exporting petroleum in Africa.
There are large income disparities with in the country, and the lack of
development of social infrastructure prevents of improving living
conditions and promoting business investment.
• Supports individuals and institutions work ing to defend human
rights, advance global conservation and security, make cities better 3(
pla ces, and understand how technology is affecting children and
society. Through its Program on Globa l Security and Susta inability,
the organization offers grants in Population and Reproductive Healt h
II I
MACARTHUR (THE JOHN D. AND
22 . CATHERI NE T.) FOUNDATION •
for projects in India , Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia.
100&Change Awa rd by MacArthu r Foundation
https:jj www.macfound.orgj • The MacArthu r Foundation launched a com petition with an award of
100 million USD. It wi ll be granted to t he organisati on proposing an
outstanding and real solution to the most criti cal problems affecting
people, places and the planet.
• Topic: Cl imate change; Drought; Ecology; Gender; Land
degradation and restorati on
ROCKEFELLER BROTHERS FUND
23.
(RBF) • Awards grants to support a variety of ch aritabl e projects in the Unit ed
,States and abroad, seeking to expand knowledge, clarify values and
http:/ j www .rbf.orgj gra ntrna king/ gr
ant-opportunities .:critical choices, nurture creative expression, and shape public pol icy. 3:1
ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION • 1-i-as-funded projects to create health resea rch networks, to run
24.1 https:; j www. rockefellerfoundation.o biomedical research initiatives, and to organize scient ific
rgj conferences.
SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT COOPERATIVE
• Offers research grants in natu ral sciences and health research for
25.1 AGENCY (SIDA)
researchers in developing countries-Africa Programmes.
http:jj www.sida.sej Englishj ?epiedi
3~
tmode=true
• Instrument for Fundi ng Innovative Ca pacity Development Initiatives
THE AFR ICAN CAPACITY BUILDING
(FICAD). The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) has
FOUNDATION (ACBF)
designed a new instrument to finance innovative ideas in Africa for
26.1 http:jj www.acbf-
up to $100,000.
pact.orgjindex. phpj enj ops-
proj ficad • Topic: Biodiversity; Climate change; Land management

• The ACP Group -s main objectives are: susta inable development of 32

its Member-States and t heir gradua l integration into t he global
economy, wh ich enta ils making poverty reduction a matter of priority
THE AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND and establishing a new, fairer, and more equitable world order;
27.1 PACIFIC GROUP OF STATES (ACP) coordination of the activities of the ACP Grou p in the framework of
http:jj www.acp.intj the implementation of ACP-EC Partnershi p Agreements;
consolidation of unity and solidarity among ACP States, as well as
understanding am ong their peoples; establishment and
consolidation of peace and stability in a free and democratic society.
THE HEWLETT FOUNDATION I • This Foundation makes grants in five core progra m areas : education ,
28
I GRANTS environment, global development and popu lation, performing arts,
· http:/j www.hewlett.orgjgrantsj gran and philanthropy.
tseekers • Topic: Ecology; Land management; Biodiversity

Page 1181
 . THE UK DEPARTMENT OF
INTER NATIO NAL DEVELOPMENT Funded Competition in Agri Tec h Cata lyst for Develop ing Countries. It
(DID) is organizi ng a fun ded competiti on with the aim of increasing the
29 . . http:jjwww.u nccd.intj enj program m pace and sca le of uptake of agri cultural innovati on by farmers in
esj Capacity- developing countries.
: buildingjCBWj marketplacej Pages; • Topic: Agriculture; Awareness raising
Grants ltemView .aspx? ltem ID= 1052
Opportunities for Fundi ng: Grant & Partnership Programs. Assistan ce
e to Foreign Countries.
U.S. foreign assist ance has always had th e twofold purpose of
. f urthering America's interests whi le improving lives in the developing
. world . USAID carri es out U.S. foreign policy by promot ing broad-scale
f human progress at the same time it expands stable, free societies,
g creates markets and trade partners for th e United States, and fosters
THE UNITED STATES AGE NCY FOR good will abroad . Spendi ng less than 1 percent of the total federal
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT budget, USAID works in over 100 countri es to:
n (USAID)
r 30. • Promote broadly shared economic prosperity
https:/ j www.usaid.govj work-
d • Strengthen democracy and good governance,
usa idj get-grant-or-
• Protect huma n rights
contract; opportunities-fu nding
• Improve global health
• Advance food security and agriculture
• Improve environmental sustainability
)f • Further education
n • Help societies prevent and recover from conflicts
g • Provide humanitarian assistance in the wake of natural and
man-made disasters.
d • The World Bank is a vital source of fina ncial and technical assistance
t o developing countries around the worl d. We are not a bank in the
ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and
support development. The World Bank Group comprises five
THE WORLD BANK GROUP
institutions managed by their member countries. The World Bank
31. http:/ j www.worldbank.org
Group has set two goals for the world to achieve by 2030:
• End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people
living on less than $1.90 a day to no more than 3%
• Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of
the bottom 40% for every country.
• The Turing Foundation invites applicants for funding, supporting
TURING FOUNDATION-PROJECT
protection and sustainable management of natural resources
FU NDING ( THE NETHERLANDS)
32 . • Topic: Agriculture; Climate change; Awareness raising;
http:jj www.tu ringfoundation .orgjco
ntact_uk.html Biodiversity; Food security; Forests; Land degradation and
restoration ; Poverty reduction/Development
• The U.S. Trade and Development Agency helps companies create
U.S. jobs through the export of U.S. goods and services for priority
development projects in emerging economies. USTDA links U.S.
businesses to export opportunities by funding project preparation
U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
and partnership building activities that develop sustainable
If 33 . AGENCY (USTDA)
infrastructure and foster economic growth in partner countries.
tl https:j j www.ustda.gov
Priority sectors include:
y • Energy
• Transportation
f
., • Telecommunications .
3
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO • The Research Development Fund is offering grant opportunities to
International Research Programs in Climate Change around the
j
34. COMBAT DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD)
globe.
http:/ j www.unccd.int
• Topic: Climate change
• Wallace Global Fund offers core or project-specific support for non-
WALLACE GLOBAL FUND (USA) for-profit organizations promoting sustainable planet.
35
· http:/ j wgf.orgjgrants/ • Topic: Funding and resource mobilization ; Awareness raising;
Climate change; Poverty reductienjDevelopment

Page 1182