Iloilo Doctors’ College

West Avenue, Molo Iloilo City

GE 105 (Purposive Communication)

Chapter 5: Communication for Various Purposes

Lesson 20: Speeches and Public Speaking

Lesson 21: Informative Communication
Lesson 22: Persuasive Communication
Lesson 23: Argumentative Communication

Prepared by:
Anne Princess Wong
Arly Diestro
Marry Chris Suel
Angelica Santamena
BSSW 1-A

Submitted to:
Prof. Christian Mhel Dapat
Communication
 Is the process of building with other members of a particular community, be it a group, society or
organization.
 It makes us to understand the information, opinion, and insight of others. There are numbers of
means to communicate, it can be through writing, watching, or speaking among others. There are
also various specific purposes as to why we communicate with others – to inform, persuade,
argue, and entertain.

Lesson 20: SPEECHLESS AND PUBLIC SPEAKING

 Public Speaking – Defined as face to face communication method, public speaking users speech
as a medium to communicate to a group of listeners known as the audience. It is means for
speakers to deliver the message they would want to convey. It can inform, influence, and even
entertain people

WHY DO YOU FEAR PUBLIC SPEAKING?

 Fear of Failure
 Fear of being stared at
 Fear of Rejection
 Fear of Unknown

HOW DO WE ADDRESS THESE FEARS?

 Confront your fear
 Since you are afraid to speak in public, convince yourself to do public speaking
whenever there is a chance. Through constant exposure to public speaking, you tend
to desensitize yourself, which leads you to delivering speeches a second nature.
 Convert your fear
 You need to realize that fear is actually energy ready to be unleashed. Convert the
negative energy of being afraid to the positive energy of being excited. This energy
will help you become alert and dynamic.
 Control your fear
 Like athletes who focus on their routines and maneuvers, as a speaker, control your
fear by concentrating on how you will effectively communicate with your audience.
Use this tension as a source of power for emphasis and conviction.
 Never compromise
 Accept topics that you are familiar with. Never compromise yourself to discussing
things that you are unsure of. Doing so increase your fear of committing mistakes and
performing rather poorly.
 Constantly Practice
 Careful, cautious preparation and rehearsal decrease your stage fright. Remember,
“Proper Practice makes Perfect Performance!” Hence, never fail to practice your
delivery of the speech properly so that you can perform to perfection.
 Be spontaneous
 Unless you are tasked to deliver a memorized speech, never memorize what you will
be delivering to your audience. As one of the greatest public speakers, Winston
 Chruchchill, would advice, “memorizing speeches is like flirting with disaster.” Be
spontaneous, trust yourself. Trust that you can say what you want and mean to say.

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
 This type of speech is a persuasive speaking event that involves only a little time for
preparation an outline format of what is to be discussed and no actual notes.
 Competitive Extemporaneous speech is a public speaking performance delivered for five
to seven minutes given a thirty minutes preparation. With this in mind, you must be very
conscious with how you will be using your preparation time so you can better perform
your speech.

1. INTRODUCTION
2. BODY
3. CONCLUSION

IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
 Compared to extemporaneous speaking, this type of speech is one that provides no
preparation of time at all. To have clearer picture, impromptu speaking is highly
comparable to the “Question and Answer” portion of beauty pageant.

1. LISTEN
2. PAUSE
3. DELIVER
4. END

LESSON 21: INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION

 Informative communication entails a broad range of topics from talking about famous
personalities, memorable events and occasions, innovate processes, favorite vacation
among others.
 Always remember that an informative speech avoid any attempt to convince the audience
that the one you are presenting is better than all other options.

QUALITIES OF AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH

 ACCURATE
It may be true that you can only provide a handful of information to your
audience as speaking engagement are time and theme bound; however, an effective
communicator, you must be able to carefully and critically discern which among the tons
of information you would be sharing to your targets audience.
 CLEAR
  INTERESTING
 SPEECHES ABOUT OBJECTS
 SPEECHES ABOUT PROCESSES
 SPEECHES ABOUT EVENTS
 SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS

GOALS OF INFORMATION SPEECH

1. Provide an explanation to a specific subject matter.
2. Assist the audience to store this knowledge for later use.

LESSON 22: PERSUASIVE COMMUNICTION

 -Persuasion is the ability to mold sway, convince, and influence the audience to agree and
taken the side the speaker present.

 -Literature present four characteristics of persuasive communication as source of

influence.

FIVE DISTINCT COMPONENTS

1 It is highly symbolic as a process
2 It is an act to influence
3 It is ultimately a self-decision
4 It involves transmitting and sharing of message
5 It required free choice

EFFECTS OF PERSUATION

 As we try to influence our audience with the message we are communicating, we too
need to understand that apart from being influenced, there are other effects we must
be aware of. In fact, Miller (1980) proposed three variant effects of persuasive
communication, and these are

A. Shaping- you can do this by connecting developments, characteristics, components,

factors, and aspects of subject and topic to that of your audience’s perception.
B. Reinforcing –as mentioned in the previous lessons, speeches can either provide new
learning or update present knowledge. This is true in the case of persuasive speeches.
Although the more popular purpose of persuasion is to influence, another equally
important function is to validate and strengthen the position of the audience as
regards the subject and topic being discussed.
 C. Changing –As an effective persuader, you must be able to change the state of mind
of your audience.

PROCESS OF PERSUASION
 In order for you to effectively create a persuasive speech, you must first understand the process of
how persuasion is communicated.

1. Get attention
 As a speaker, the first thing that you would need to do is to get the attention of your
intended audience to listen to whatever you would want to share. You may choose to
open your speech with the powerful quotation, a compelling anecdote, a challenging
questing, or a revealing statistics. Any one of these will hopefully stimulate your
audience’s sense of eagerness to know more.
2. Provide comprehension
 Once you are certain that you already have grabbed the attention of your audience, it
is time for you to get them into focusing to your speech and more importantly, make
them understand the argument or point of the message you are trying to impart.
Remember that persuasive communication means to convince people to understand
the things that you say so that they will eventually, support, share, believe, and act in
your favor.
3. Target acceptance
 Regardless of how powerful your message is, it will still be up to the audience
whether to accept or reject your proposition. Therefore, you must target your
audience’s reason for acceptance. And, to do this, it is paramount that you clearly
discuss each of the benefits your audience will gain from the message you are
presenting.
4. Aid retention
 The final process you should perform when delivering a persuasive speech is to make
sure your audience will be able to retain the information long after your presentation.
Your message should have the staying power so that your audience will be able to
recall your message whenever necessary. One technique you can use is to constantly
repeat your main points and arguments, from your introduction to your conclusion.

PREPARING THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH

 Preparation is the key to any successful speech. In order for you to increase your chances of
successfully transmitting your message, you would need to how you can construct an effective
persuasive communication. Here are steps you can follow:

1. Outline of your speech

2. Strategize your medium
3. Strategize your language
4. Watch your language

 It is must for persuasive speakers to be very clear their objectives.

1. Stimulate
2. Convince
3. Call
4. Increase consideration
  Total perspective

LESSON 23: ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

 Argumentative communication is an assertive utilization of the language for reason of advocacy,
security, or discrediting points of views.
 It is the fundamental inspiration to perform contentions. It can either be individual direct
contentions, such as that dialogues, or open deliberation, such as that of an editorial writing. More
importantly, argumentation communication is a factious exchange of reason based upon realities
and actualities and not emotions and feelings; hence, such communication type is classified as
decisive and focuses on man’s history, attributes, norms; and practice.
 It is viewed as unfriendly and at the aggressive
 To be able to create argumentation speech, one can be guided by the proposed format of Toulmin
(1958) in the use of argument that contains six interrelated components for investigating
contentions.

1. Claim
 A statement of conclusion delivered by the speaker that needs to be accepted as true, and
demands a setting up of legitimacy.
2. Ground
 The reason to the claim.
 It can either be just a made-up story or a factual information that is used to establish what
the speaker claims to be true.
3. Warrant
 A statement used to justify the claim by developing or furthering the information given.
4. Support
 A statement made for the purpose of backing and ensuing that the warrant given is
communicated.
5. Qualifier
 This is a statement containing strong expression word that restrict the comprehensiveness
of the claim.
6. Rebuttal
 This is a counter argumentative statement that reveals the perceived limitations of the
claim.
 This is best delivered early in the stage of the presentation but may also still be given at
any point of the discussion.

TYPES OF ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

 There are six main types of argumentation.

 Scientific Argumentation – This type of argumentation is one that investigates the

normal events and happenings that occur in the field of sociolinguistics. This is
also known as discussion investigation. This type of argumentation is being used
in the field of human science, humanities, phonetics, brain research, and
interactional sociolinguistics. Additionally, scientific argumentation is viewed as
a type that oversees contradictions within conversional correspondences that
requires understanding.
  Mathematical Argumentation – Usually utilized to determine contentions in
Symbolic Logic, mathematical argumentation tries to reveal numerical truth and
arithmetical certainties that can result to sensible facts. More specifically, this
type of argumentation uses acknowledged verification strategies to prove that
contention is valid.

 Logical Argumentation – Argumentation type of Radical verbalization of logical

information found within the limits and boundaries of society

 Interpretative Argumentation – Commonly exercised as a dialogical process

where members either examine or determine translation differences of
information with varying degree of importance. As such, this argumentation type
is relevant to the field of linguistics, phonetics, humanities, hermeneutics,
semiotics, systematic theory etc.

 Legal Argumentation – one of the most common uses of argumentation

communication is inside the courtrooms, during litigation, defense, examination,
or cross examination to name a few.

 Political Argumentation – Scholars, academicians, media specialist, public

officials, and government authorities usually utilize this type of argumentation.
Political argumentations obviously are political contentions to influence
supporters and discredit political rivalries.

CREATING OBJECTIVES ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH

 To effectively issue communicate an argument, you must first of all plan how you will
present your argument. Your ability to organize your contentions will definitely increase
your chances of earning the trust and confidence of your audience. Here is a proposed
outline appropriate for argumentative communication, more particularly when taking a
position regarding a specific issue.

 INTRODUCTION

 First, reveal the importance of the issue at hand.

 Next, explain why the topic is given time for discussion.
 Declare a thesis statement containing your objectives clearly.

 BODY

 Paragraph 1
 Paragraph 2
 Paragraph 3

 CONCLUSION

 Restate the objectives of your presentation.

 Summarize the claims versus contentions.
 Present your final thought (not position) on the issue.