Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 4 Social Process
Chapter 4 Social Process
SOCIAL
PROCESSES
socialization,
adaptation,
cooperation,
competition,
conflict,
globalization.
SOCIALIZATION
In simple meaning ,socialization is the process
of learning group norms, values, habit and
ideas through imitation, suggestion,
identification and language.
It is a continuous process of learning which
begins at birth and continues until the death
of individual.
Socialization is the social training of an
individual to be social being.
In every stage of our life, we continue learning
new things, ideas and gain new experiences.
…
Literally,socialization is the process by which
individuals know and learn the traditional
rules, norms and values of the society. So it is
the moulding and shaping process of
personality from infant to other stages.
When a baby is born, he is only biological
being made of flesh, bones and skin and he
gradually molded into social beings and
learns social acting, feeling and pattern of
social behavior through the culture in which
he belongs and through outer environment.
DEFINITION
Michael Haralambos “ the process by
which individuals learn the culture of
their society is known as socialization”
School
Religion
STAGE OF SOCIALIZATION
Sociologists have divided the stage of
socialization into four stages which are as
follows:
I) stage of childhood: It begins from the
birth and continues up to 12-13 years.In
this stage an individual learn many social
norms, values and practices to be a social
beings.
a) Oral stage: this stage remains up to one
and half years.An infant learn weep,
laugh, eat.
…
b) Anal stage: This stage remains up to 3-4
years.
c) Oedipal stage : from 4yrs and remains up
to 12 years. Son attaches to mother and
daughter to father.
d) Adolescence stage
ii) Stage of adulthood
iii) Stage of middle age
iv) old stage
ADAPTATION
Eg. The people living in the cold region
adopt the culture of wearing thick cloth and
drink inquior. If there is lack of food to feed,
people adopt polyandry marriage.
Why we use cooler or fan in Terai?
Cultural conflict
Caste conflict
Religious conflict
Political conflict
International conflict
CHARACTERISTICS
Conscious action
Universal phenomena
Continuous process
Vested interest
Political Globalization.
Environmental Globalization.