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Design of Modern Subway Ventilation System
Design of Modern Subway Ventilation System
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T
his paper presents in a very general The system must also be capable of providing fresh
format, results of a parametric study that air to a stranded train during congested mode and
was undertaken on the relative effects of control smoke movement to provide a safe evacuation
a number of parameters that can often route during emergency mode. Fan plants, usually
be influenced in the early design stage of located within stations, are necessary to provide the
a project. Awareness of the relative benefits of each, airflow rates required for this.
and judicious combination of these at the design A typical ventilation arrangement for two stations
stage, can help significantly in arriving at an and a section of tunnel within a larger system is shown
engineering solution that is both economic and in figure 1.
sustainable. This arrangement shows the blast shafts integrated
Many variables interrelate to determine the aero- with the mechanical ventilation system via a by-pass
thermodynamic performance and therefore comfort of system with dampers. During normal operation, the
a subway system. Some of these can be manipulated fans will be off and natural ventilation will take place via
to create an inherently better passenger environment. the by-pass dampers to relieve the train-induced
This parameter alteration will have performance and piston effect.
operational cost implications. Therefore investigation
of the effect of any alteration is required to produce an Generic system parametric study
optimal, cost effective and sustainable solution. A generic four-station model with independent end-of-
station blast shafts (one direct shaft to ambient per
Overview of a contemporary ventilation system tunnel) was used for this parametric study. Subway
Trains running in a subway system can be viewed as Environmental Simulation Software (SES)[1] was used
Below: Fig 1 - End of moving heat sources, with the heat primarily being as the main modelling tool.
station ventilation fans generated by the train braking systems. Inefficiencies Table 1 lists the parameters of the base case,
with independent blast in the propulsion system as well as on-board auxiliary against which all parametric study simulations were
shafts systems such as air conditioning units and passengers compared. The analysis is for a design summer day,
assuming that the system is operating under normal
conditions and is not mechanically ventilated or
cooled. The effects of parametric changes are
displayed as changes of temperature in tunnels and
platforms.
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